Notes 1:
Callao Cave in the province of Cagayan
 SOCIAL SCIENCE - A branch of science
that deals with human behavior and
their interaction with their
environment, vice versa.
FIELDS OF ANTHROPOLOGY:
BRANCHES OF SOCIAL SCIENCES:
 Anthropology
 Sociology
 Politics
ANTHROPOLOGY:
 Came from a Greek Word
 Anthropos – Human
 Logos – study
 William Haviland (2014) – He is the
author of the Cultural Anthropology:
The Human Challenge
 Anthropology - is the study of
humankind in all times and places by
focusing in the interconnections and
interdependence of all aspects of the
human experience.
 Henry Otley Beyer – Created the
Theory of Waves of Migration and is
referred as the "Dean of Philippine
ethnology, archaeology, and prehistory".
 Felipe Landa Jocano – He is the
Philippine’s first and foremost cultural
anthropologist
 Peter Bellwood - involved with a
fieldwork project in the
northern Moluccas islands of
eastern Indonesia, involving joint
research with Indonesian scholars
and Geoffrey Irwin of Auckland
University. Their work
yielded cave sequences covering the past
35,000 years, with very clear signals of
an Austronesian presence commencing
after 4000 BP.
 67,000 years old toe bone remains at
in 2007.
 42,000 years ago, the Tabon man
found in Tabon Cave of Palawan
 Archaeology- The most common
subfield of anthropology which deals
with the study of human and society
through the recovery and rediscovery
of material remains and artifacts to
explain present practices, beliefs and
way of life.
 Physical Anthropology -Sometimes
referred as biological anthropology.
Deals with biological organisms
considering their origin, evolution and
development, differentiation and
diversities, and adaptation.
 Cultural Anthropology - Evolutionary
process of society and culture as an
integrated whole.
- It deals with the structure of society
and the traditional practices of the
community that sets it apart from
others.
 Linguistic Anthropology -Language
patterns that reflect the structure and
characteristic of a community.
- Deals with the historical development
of a society’s language as means of
communication and preservation of
their practices and traditions.
 SOCIOLOGY: - It involves the use of research tools to
scientifically study the cause and effect
 Sociology – Came from the Latin word:
of the sociological event.
Socius – companion and the Greek
 Social Organization - Formation of
word: Logos – study
social groups, institutions and their
- It deals with the study of behavior of
behaviors.
the society and the social interactions
- It focuses on how social groupings are
taking place in it such that commonly,
formed and the different
it deals with understanding behavior
characteristics of each group in
changes, developments,
relation to other groups.
improvements, manifestations and
 Social Psychology -Human behavior as
reactions of the society as a whole.
an outcome of individual personality
- Considered as the mother of all social
and collective behavior.
sciences.
- It looks closely to the personal
 Isabel Panopio (2014) – in her book
experiences of members of the society
“Society and Culture: an Introduction
in explaining and understanding their
to Anthropology and Sociology”
behavior towards the society.
claimed that modern men and women
will often disapprove of the attention
given to ascribed groups formed by POLITICS:
race, religion, nationality, or cultural
 Political Science- It came from the
traditions therefore leading to
Greek Word politika / polis
marginalization of indigenous people.
- Affair of the cities’ citizens.
 Common issues include family
- Deals with issues of state, governance,
relations such as separation and
leadership, bureaucracy and its
divorce and its impact to the family,
interaction with its citizens.
population and its relationship to
 Common issues in the Philippines
poverty, and the practice of local
include forms of government and
traditions in the modern society, etc.
leadership, political and constitutional
FIELDS OF SOCIOLOGY: change, human rights, national
territory, peace and order, election,
 Social Change -Understanding society
and people participation in governance
as an institution by focusing on social
and government, etc.
organization and disorganization as a
consequence to the change of
environment.
 Population Studies- The composition of
the population as they significantly
influence the existing economic,
political and social system.
 Sociological Research - Rediscovery
and redevelopment of sociological
findings as a way of explaining and
understanding social phenomena.
FIELDS OF POLITICAL SCIENCE:

 Political Theory -Origins and purposes

of the state governance by using
different philosophical perspective as
its foundation.
 Public Law- The structure and the law
of the state and government
particularly in its duties,
responsibilities and limitations.
 Public Administration- Techniques and
methods used in the management of
the government. Deals with the
operationalization of the government
by looking at the interaction between
the executive, legislative and judicial
branch of government.

THE POWER OF THREE:

 Power of Three - Combining these

three sciences it provides a way of
looking at things.
 Anthropology-individual
 Sociology- human interactions with
other individuals and society.
 Political sciences- how people and
society work to ensure the proper
distribution of power and resources to
ensure law and order in society.