ABSTRACT

The research entitled “Awareness of Grade 12 students of Parada National High School

in spending their Money” to determine the awareness of students in Parada National High School

on allowance spending. In chapter I, the problem is introduced and its background. It includes

the history of Economics and Budgeting which discuss about the origin of the Economics and the

economic status of the Philippines. In the history of Budgeting, it stated its origin and evolution.

Individual Budgeting of Daily Allowance of the students is also included give knowledge on

how much is the allowance of each student everyday. Statement of the problem indicate he

specific questions that can help to determine the significant og the study. It is also included scope

and delimitation, and definition of terms.

In chapter II, related literature and studies are indicated. Literature and studies that are

connected to the study. It can helps the readers to learn more information and background of the

study. Hypothesis and Assumptions of the study stated the expected result of the study with the

conceptual framework that guided the researchers on the process of research.

In chapter III, the researcher had described the research methodology. They explained

what research design is being used, how many respondents, the population and sample of the

study had. Instrument of the study, reliability and validity were also indicated wherein the

researcher used questionnaire and validated by their research adviser.

In chapter IV, the data gathered after the survey are presented, analyzed and interpreted.

The Summary of findings is the shorter version of interpretation of the data gathered. It

discuss the highlight of the interpretation which are the highest and the lowest percentage of each

answer to the corresponding question. The researcher give three recommendations which are;

increase the amount that you save, reduce purchasing unecessary things and "Pag may isinuksok
may madudukot." to reduce the spendings and improve the saving habit of the students. The

conclusion discuss about the result of the entire research which is the students of Parada National

High School is aware on thier daily spendings.

CHAPTER I

The Problem and its Background

INTRODUCTION:

The chapter contains the information about the topic of the researchers. It identifies who

are the respondents and the beneficiary of the research.

Rationale

The students nowadays are one of the active consumer. They spend their money in buying

their needs and wants. There are so many trends, and students tend to follow it. They spend

money as much as they want to. There are so many establishment here in Sta. Maria, Bulacan

especially on the town proper that can temp the students to spend. The researchers went to know

if the students of Parada National High School especially Grade 12 students are aware or not on

their daily expenses.

History of Economics

Economics is the science that concerns itself with economies from how societies produce

goods and services to how they consume them. In the 19th century, economics was the hobby of

the gentlemen of leisure and the vocation of a few academics. The effective birth of economics

may be traced to the year 1776, when the Scottish Philosopher Adam Smith published An
Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. And also Adam Smith is widely

regarded as the father of Modern Economics but he wasn’t. The real founder may be someone

people have never heard of. (Beattie, 2018)

The Philippine economy grew by 6.8 percent in the first quarter of 2018. This was faster

than the growth recorded in the same quarter of 2017. The main drivers of growth for the quarter

are the manufacturing, other services, and trade. Among the major economic sectors, industry

recorded the fastest growth at 7.9 percent. This was followed by services with a growth of 7.0

percent. Agriculture also grew at a slower pace of 1.5 percent. Net primary income increased to

4.3 percent during the quarter. Meanwhile, Gross National Income (GNI) posted a growth of 6.4

percent faster than previous year’s growth of 6.3 percent. (Bersales, n.d.)

History of Budgeting

In historical terms, the first budget is new invention. It lies in monarchs mismanaging the

country’s finances. The government was responsible in managing the country’s money and

distributing it. The time of Norman in 11th century, the money of country did not budget and

distribute in its parts but Elizabeth 1 comes and all of that was quickly turned into a surplus. It

stops the monarchs in continuing to waste the country’s tax revenues. But the budget that known

was not completely safeguard for Britain’s finances. The first budgeting comes early in 18th

century. The word budget comes from the bougettemeans amount of money available for

spending that is based on a plan for how be spent. The word budget became used for financial

statement or plan. (The Telegraph, n.d.)

Individual Budgeting of Daily Allowance of the Students

PhilSTAR com’s (n.d.) said that Senior High School Students typically get ₱150 to ₱200

(including transportation) per day, students from exclusive school receive where surrounding

places to eat tend to be more expensive receive higher allowances. The allowance covers ₱50 to

₱100 for ₱100 for lunch, ₱30 to ₱50 for merienda, ₱90 for requirements like printing, buying

pens, etc. Outside Manila, especially those living in municipalities usually get about ₱100 to

₱150 per day (including transportation allowance). Needs is something we must have in order to

survive, like food, water, clothing, and of course shelter, in short these our basic needs, while

wants is something that we can live without. Needs seem to be more powerful than wants and

wants are more serviced oriented. Life is meant to be lived, not to survived, you should treat

yourself sometimes, but do so when you can afford to, and enjoy those wants, because it doesn’t

mean that you should only buy the things that you need. (Bear Rider School, n.d.)

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This study aims to determine the financial awareness level and behaviors of PNHS

Students in spending money.

Specific Problems:

How often do you save money?

Why do you save money?

What is the purpose of your savings?

How much do you spend on your food?

SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

The respondents of this study are the Grade 12 of Parada National High School. The

research is focus on the awareness of the students spending habits and what are the reasons why

they spend too much.

Parada National High School is one jeep ride away from the town center where a lot of

stalls are located. Students go there to buy their stuffs and to have fun and students spend their

money inappropriately.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The result of this study could be used by the following:

Parents

This study could be a great help for parents that experienced financial problems

and also their child to understand the purpose in expending money.

Researcher

By learning this study, it helps the researcher to be prepared in spending their

money hereafter and also it helps in their further research.

Students

This study make it easier for SHS students to be more aware in spending money

and able to learn the worth of money for their future.

Definition of Terms
Agriculture – is the cultivation of land and breeding of animals and plants to provide food, fiber

medical plants and other products to sustain and enhance life

Economies – the wealth and resources of an country or region, especially in terms of the

production and consumption of goods and services

Evaluate – form and idea of the amount, number, or value of

Financial – the finances or financial situation of an organization or individual

Further – more distant in space that something else of the same kind

Hereafter – from now on

Inappropriately – in a manner that is not suitable or proper in the circumstances

Injury – the act of asking for information

Monarch – may exercise the highest authority and power in the state or others may wield that

power on behalf of the monarch

Net primary income – refers to receipts and payments of employee compensation paid into

nonresident workers and investment income

Pace– a single step taken when walking or running

Population – all the inhabitants of a particular town, area or country

Societies – the aggregate of people living together in a more or less ordered community

Surplus – more than what is needed or used

Survey – investigate the opinions or experience of (a group of people) by asking them questions.

Vocation – a strong feeling of suitability for a particular career or occupation

 CHAPTER II

Review of Related Literature, Studies, and Theories

In this chapter, the researcher has introduced different information taken from literature,

studies, and theories through research on the internet that served as the backbone of research’s

concept.

RELATED LITERATURE:

According to Rios (2017) said that the “poverty mentality” in the minds of every people

are still exist in the environment. It seems that the poverty has accepted and it is with them

everyday of their life. They believe that poverty won’t make a ways to have a better life. The

Millenials that should be the hope of every people when it comes to the modern education that

they are the one who’s going to change the generational economic scenario but they’re not.

There are students who have the new gadgets but not even update with their payments in

schools. They won’t miss any opportunity for “nightouts”. There so many students are

resourceful enough to find part-time jobs to fill their free time. The thing is, all the salary of
students earning are not improve their situation. Once they have money, they will quickly spend

it away without knowing what’s the most important. (Peres, n.d., as cited in The Freeman 2017)

In early few years children learn to interact and socialize and that is in family, peer, and

in school. (Moschis, 1987) There are so many book that establish about the awareness in money,

it is about jobs and about economic world. (Davis & Taylor, 1978) It is noted that the male and

female have difference and slightly similarity when it comes to the spending. It is a help to the

marketing professionals in the brands for youth as their targets. (Hasan et.al. 2012) According to

National Student Money Survey (2014), 2,280 students surveyed, 80% of it share that they are

worried about money. Therefore, it is clear to see that almost one half claiming that worrying

about money affects their studies and some of students claiming that it causes of their diet.

RELATED STUDIES:

According to Norvilitis et al. (2006) the age, personality traits, and knowledge are several

factors that affects the manner of the student’s in managing their money. At the age of childhood,

the students cannot manage their money because of their wants and needs. While in adulthood,

the students can handle their money wisely because they are more matured and wise on spending

money.

At an early age, individual are exposed to various methods of handling personal finances,

which can often lead to the development of poor habits said by Gutter, Garrison & Copur (2010).

Same as Norvilitis said on the childhood days children’s tend to buy things that are not really

needed. That means students age are one of the factors affects managing money.

The more students knowledge have about their financial responsibility and status the less

likely they are to be in debt, said by Norvilitis et.al (2006). Everybody must learn how to save
money or to have some knowledge about financial responsibilities for them to avoid the never

ending problem in debt. The children’s must teach how to save and use their money wisely. And

for adults they should have at least bank accounts or saving account for them to avoid future

debts.

According to Hassell (2016) the advent of credit, which most of us have lived with easy

access to for most of our adult lives, has made us quite complacent when it comes to thinking

before buying. Nowadays, they must practice some tips in spending money such as think before

buying. If they think wise before buying they will probably save money.

HYPOTHESIS

The researchers hypothesizes that many students are unaware in their financial behaviors in

spending money.

The researchers hypothesizes that many students are aware in their financial behaviors in

spending money.

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Process of preparation of questionnaire

and other descriptive survey

In the theory of Lusardi and Mitchell (2006) it is an effort to combine data on financial

literacy with data on financial behavior have pioneered inserting questions measuring financial

literacy into major surveys. They first designed a special module on financial literacy and

submitted to the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY). These and other questions

measuring financial knowledge have also been added and to other surveys covering specific sub-
groups of the population. The addition of these types of questions to existing surveys not only

allows researchers to evaluate levels of financial literacy to a rich set of information about

financial behavior.

ASSUMPTION OF THE STUDY

In guiding this research study, the researcher assumed that:

The respondents will fully understand the question they will be asked.

The respondents will provide honest answer to their knowledge.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Adulthood – the period in the human lifespan in which full physical and intellectual maturity

have been attained

Awareness – knowledge or perception of a situation or fact

Claiming – state or assert that something in the case, typically without providing evidence or

proof

Complacent – showing smug or uncritical situation which oneself or one’s achievements

Credit – is the trust which allows one party to provide money or resources to another party

wherein the second party does not reimburse the first party immediately

Debt – something typically money, that is owed or due

Economic – is an area of the production, distribution or trade, consumption of goods and

services by different agents

Establish – achieve permanent acceptance or recognition for

Evaluate - form an idea the amount, number or value of; assess

Exposed – not covered or hidden; visible

Generational – relating to or characteristic of all the people born and living at about same time,

regarded collectively

Hypothesized – put something forward as a hypothesis

Interact – act in such a way as to have an effect on another; act reciprocally

Lead – be in charge or command of

Literature – written works, especially those considered of super or lasting artistic merit

Managing – having executive or supervisory control or authority

Pioneered – develop or be the first to use or apply (a new method, area of knowledge or activity)

Poverty – is a multifaceted concept, which may include social, economic, and political elements

Researcher – is someone who conducts research

Resourceful – having the ability to find quick and clever ways to overcome difficulties

Respondents – a person who replies to something especially one supplying, information for a

survey or questionnaire to an advertisement.

Socialize – participate in social activities; mix socially with others

 Theories – a supposition or a system of idea intended to explain something especially one based

on general principles

CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter shows the research design, population of the study, and instrument of the

study used by the researchers.

Research Design

This study utilized the descriptive qualitative method which intended to describe the

awareness of the students in spending their money of grade 12 using a survey questionnaire.
Population and Sample of the Study

The total population of Grade 12 in Parada National High School approximately 216.

There are 5 sections in Grade 12 of Parada National High School. Three of them are under the

Academic Track which are Bonds under Accountancy Business Management strand, Global

under the strand of General Academic Strand, Plato under Humanities and Social Science strand

and two sections under Technical Vocational track which are Puffs and Rolls.

Table 1

Distribution Table of Respondents of the Grade 12 Students

Section Total No. of Respondents* Sample Size (n) (used as sample)

Population (N)

Global 42 21

Bonds 44 22

Plato 46 23

Rolls 22 21
Puffs 22 21

Instrument of the Study

The researchers used one instrument in the study. The researcher used multiple choice

questionnaires. Researchers commonly used this instrument to study the relationship of

variables. The researchers provide the questionnaires and give participants time to answer he five

given questions.

The questionnaire was submitted to the research adviser for its validation, appropriation

and evaluation. The suggestion for revisions were made and submitted again for validations.
 The approved questionnaire was validated by Ms. Cristina F. Gumasing. After the

validation, the researchers write the questions on manila paper and provide two pads of ¼ sheet

of paper with eighty leaves per pad that serves as the answer sheet of the respondents.

CHAPTER IV

PRESENTATION, INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA

How much do you save from your daily allowance?

Table 1

Frequency Percentage

10-20 38 35.19%

21-30 17 15.74%

31-40 9 8.33%

41-50 27 25%

None (0) 15 13.89%

Others (100) 2 1.85%

Total 108 100%

 Frequency Percentage

Table #1 states that twenty seven (27) out of one hundred eight (108) of the total population

with twenty five percent (25%) saved forty one (41) to fifty (50) pesos from their daily

allowance.

While seventeen (17) with fifty point seventy four (15.74%) saved twenty one (21) to thirty

(30) pesos daily. Fifteen (15) participants with thirteen point eighty nine percent (13.89%) did

not save money . Only nine (9) participants out of 108 with eight point thirty three percent

(8.33%) able to saved ten (10) to twenty (20) pesos everyday.

Based on the table, the highest percentage among the choices got thirty five point nineteen

percent ( 35.19%) with thirty eight (38) respondents saved ten to twenty pesos per day while the

least percentage among the choices has one point eighty five percent (1.85%) with two (2)

respondents saved one hundred pesos on their daily allowance.

Which among the choices do you spend your allowance most?

Table 2

Frequency Percentage

Transportation fare 15 13.89%

Food 58 53.70%

Cellphone load 20 18.52%

Internet Cafe 4 3.70%

School supplies 7 6.48%

Others (jeep) 4 3.70%

Total 108 100%

 Frequency Percentage

Table # 2 shows that fifteen (15) with thirteen point eighty nine percent (13.89%)

participants of the research spend most of their daily allowance on transportation fare.

While twenty (20) participants spend their allowance most on cellphone load with the

percentage of eighteen point fifty two percent (18.52%) while seven (7) with six point forty eight

percent (6.48%) spend their daily allowance most in school supplies. The most priority of the

respondents to spend their daily allowance is food which has fifty eight (58) with fifty three point

seventy percent (53.70%).

The internet cafe, jeepney fare and others has the least percentage. Four (4) with three point

seventy percent (3.70%) prioritized internet cafe in spending their allowance. Only one (1)

prioritized jeepney fare and the remaining three (3) did not specify what it is, with the percentage

of three point seventy percent (3.70%) .

Does your daily allowance enough for your school needs?

Table 3

Frequency Percentage

Always 33 30.56%

Sometimes 65 60.19%

Seldom 3 2.78%

Never 7 6.48%

Total 108 100%

 Table # 3 indicates that thirty three (33) out of one hundred eight (108) total population with

thirty point fifty six (30.56%) says that their daily allowance is always enough for their school

needs.

Only seven (7) with six point forty eight percent (6.48%) says that their daily allowance is

never enough. Based on the table, the highest percentage got sixty point nineteen percent

(60.19%) with sixty five (65) participants says that their daily allowance is sometimes enough.

The lowest percentage got two point seventy eight (2.78%) with three (3) respondents that

their daily allowance is seldom enough for their school needs.

Among the choices below, which is your least priority in spending your daily allowance?

Table 4

Frequency Percentage

Transportation fare 17 15.74%

Food 33 30.56%

Cellphone load 18 16.67%

Internet Cafe 19 17.60%

School supplies 18 16.67%

Others 3 2.78%

Total 108 100%

Table # 4 illustrates that nineteen (19) participants with seventeen point sixty (17.60%) has

least priority to spend their daily allowance in internet cafe. While cellphone load and school

supplies as their least priority both got eighteen (18) with sixteen point sixty seven percent

(16.67%). Seventeen (17) participants with the percentage of fifteen point seventy four percent

(15.74%) says that their least priority to spend their daily allowance is transportation fare.
 The highest percentage reaches thirty point fifty six percent (30.56%) with thirty three (33)

participants that food is their least priority. Based on the table above, the lowest percentage on

the table reaches two point seventy eight percent (2.78%) with three (3) participants that others

is their least priority but they did not specify.

Why do you save money?

Table 5

Frequency Percentage

Emergency expenses 50 46.30%

I want to buy gadgets, 17 15.74%

accessories etc.

Project expenses 31 28.70%

Others (gala) 1

(load) 1 9.26%

Others 8

Total 108 100%

Table #5 shows that thirty one (31) with twenty eight point seventy percent (28.70%)

participants reason out that they save money for project expenses. While seventeen (17) with

fifteen point seventy four percent (15.74%) participants reason out that they want to buy gadgets,

accessories etc.

The highest percentage on the table got forty six point thirty percent (46.30%) with the fifty

(50) participants saved money for emergency expenses. The lowest percentage got nine point

thirty six percent (9.36%) with ten (10) participants for other reasons, two (2) participants saved
money to go out or bond with their friends and for cellphone load, while the remaining eight (8)

did not specify what it is.

CHAPTER V

Summary of Findings

Based on the data collected by the researchers, most of the Grade 12 students of Parada

National High School saved ten (10) to twenty (20) pesos per day that reaches 35.19% and least

of the students saved one hundred (100) pesos per day with the percentage of 1.85%. It also

showed that most of the respondents spend their daily allowance most on food that has 53.70%

and least of the students spend their daily allowance most on others but they did not specify.

Most of the students said that their daily allowance is sometimes enough for their school needs

that reaches 60.19% and least of the respondents said that their daily allowance is never enough

with 6.48%. Based on the data collected, the students least prioritize food on their daily expenses

that has 30.56% and 2.78% of the respondents said that their least priority is others but they did

not specify what it is. 6.30% of the participants reason out that they saved money for emergency

expenses and least of them says that they saved money for cellphone load, to bond with their

friends and others but they did not specify what is it that reaches 9.26%

Conclusion

The Grade 12 students of Parada National High School are aware in spending their

money because they spent their money more on their needs rather than wants. They also aware in
saving their money from their daily allowance even if it is small amount only and most of the

students reason out that they saved money for emergency expenses and for project expenses and

not for their wants and for their desired luxurious things. Most of the respondents prioritize their

needs over their wants. The respondents said that they spend their daily allowance on food which

is one of their needs to live.

Recommendation

The following recommendation are given based on the data, analysis, and findings:

Students must improve in increase saving money as the time goes on. It’s important to have

commitment in saving even a little and becomes habitual. This simple act will help everyone for

future expenses.

Reduce purchasing unnecessary things. Make a priority to spend for needs not on wants.

Lastly, always bear in mind the saying “ Pag may isinuksok ay may madudukot”.