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積分表
(皆省略積分常數 C)
一、含 (a+bx)
dx 1
1.
a bx b ln a bx
dx 1
2.
(a bx) n
(n 1)b(a bx) n 1
, n 1
xdx a bx a
3.
a bx
b2
2 ln a bx
b
xdx a 1
4.
(a bx) 2
2
b (a bx) b
2 ln a bx
xdx 1 a
5.
(a bx) n
(n 2)b (a bx)
2 n 2
(n 1)b (a bx) n 1
2
, n 1, 2
二、含 a bx
dx 2 a bx
12.
a bx
b
dx 1 a bx a ,
13. (a)
x a bx
a
ln
a bx a
a0
R-2 微積分學習要訣
dx 2 a bx
(b)
x a bx
a
tan1
a
,a0
dx a bx (2n 3)b dx
14.
x n
a bx
(n 1)ax n 1
2(n 1)a x n 1
a bx
x n dx 2 x n a bx 2na x n 1dx
15.
a bx
(2n 1)b
(2n 1)b a bx
3
2(a bx) 2
16.
a bxdx
3b
a bxdx a bx a ,
17. (a)
x
2 a bx a ln
a bx a
a0
a bxdx a bx
(b)
x
2 a bx 2 a tan1
a
,a0
3
a bxdx (a bx) 2 (2n 5)b a bxdx
18.
x n
(n 1)ax n 1
2(n 1)a x n 1
3
2 x n (a bx) 2 2na
19.
x n a bxdx
(2n 3)b
(2n 3)b
x n 1 a bxdx
三、含 (a 2 x 2 )
dx 1 x
20.
a 2
x 2
tan1
a a
dx x 2n 3 dx
21.
(a x )
2 2 n
2(n 1)a (a x )
2 2 2 n 1
2(n 1)a (a x 2 ) n 1
2 2
xdx 1
22.
a x
2 2
ln a 2 x 2
2
xdx 1
23.
(a x )
2 2 n
2(n 1)(a 2 x 2 ) n 1
x 2 dx x
24.
a x
2 2
x a tan1
a
2
x dx x 1 dx
25.
(a x )
2 2 n
2 n 1
2(n 1)(a x )
2
2(n 1) (a x 2 ) n 1
2
, n 1
附錄 積分表 R-3
dx 1 x2
26.
ln
x ( a 2 x 2 ) 2a 2 a 2 x 2
dx 1 1 x
27.
x 2
(a x )
2 2
2 3 tan1
a x a a
四、含 (a 2 x 2 )
dx 1 ax
28.
a 2
x 2
ln
2a a x
dx x 2n 3 dx
29.
(a x )
2 2 n
2(n 1)a (a x )
2 2 2 n 1
2 2
2(n 1)a (a x 2 ) n 1
, n 1
xdx 1
30.
a x
2 2
ln a 2 x 2
2
xdx 1
31.
(a x )
2 2 n
2(n 1)(a 2 x 2 ) n 1
, n 1
x 2 dx a ax
32.
a x
2 2
x ln
2 ax
x 2 dx x 1 dx
33.
(a x )
2 2 n
2 n 1
2(n 1)(a x )
2
2(n 1) (a x 2 ) n 1
2
, n 1
dx 1 x2
34.
ln
x ( a 2 x 2 ) 2a 2 a 2 x 2
dx 1 1 ax
35.
x 2
(a x )
2 2
2 3 ln
a x 2a ax
五、含 a2 x2
dx
36.
a x2 2
ln x a 2 x 2
x n dx x n 1 a 2 x 2 (n 1)a 2 x n 2 dx
37.
a2 x2
n
n a2 x2
dx 1 a a2 x2
38.
x a2 x2
ln
a x
R-4 微積分學習要訣
dx a2 x2 ( n 2) dx
39.
x n
a2 x2
2 n 1
(n 1)a x
(n 1)a x n 2 a 2 x 2
2
, n 1
1 a2
40.
a 2 x 2 dx
2
x a2 x2
2
ln x a 2 x 2
3
x n 1 (a 2 x 2 ) 2 (n 1)a 2
a x dx
x n 2 a 2 x 2 dx
n 2 2
41. x
n2 n2
a2 x2 a a2 x2
42.
x
dx a 2 x 2 a ln
x
3
a2 x2 (a 2 x 2 ) 2 n4 a2 x2
43.
x n
dx 2 n 1
(n 1)a x
(n 1)a 2 x n 2
dx , n 1
dx x
44.
3
(a 2 x 2 ) 2 a a x
2 2 2
xd x 1
45.
(a 2
x2 )
3
2
a2 x2
x 2 dx x
46.
(a 2
x ) 2
3
2
a x
2 2
ln x a 2 x 2
x n dx x n 1 (n 1)a 2 x n 2 dx
47.
(a 2
x2 )
3
2
( n 2) a 2 x 2
n2 3
(a 2 x 2 ) 2
dx 1 1 a a2 x2
48.
x(a 2
x2 )
3
2
a2 a2 x2
a3
ln
x
dx 1 n dx
49.
x n
(a x )2 2
3
2
(n 1)a x 2 n 1
a x 2 2
(n 1)a 2 x n 2
(a x 2 )
2
3
2
1 3a 2 3a 4
3 3
50. (a 2 x 2 ) 2 dx x(a 2 x 2 ) 2 x a2 x2 ln x a 2 x 2
4 8 8
5
x n 1 (a 2 x 2 ) 2 (n 1)a 2
3 3
51. x (a x )
n 2 2 2 dx x n2 (a 2 x 2 ) 2 dx
n4 n4
3
(a 2 x 2 ) 2 1 a a2 x2
3
52. dx (a 2 x 2 ) 2 a 2 a 2 x 2 a 3 ln
x 3 x
3 5 3
(a 2 x 2 ) 2 (a 2 x 2 ) 2 n6 (a 2 x 2 ) 2
53.
xn
dx 2 n 1
(n 1)a x
(n 1)a 2 x n 2
dx , n 1
附錄 積分表 R-5
六、含 a2 x2
dx x
54.
a x2 2
sin 1
a
x n dx x n 1 a 2 x 2 (n 1)a 2 x n 2 dx
55.
a2 x2
n
n a2 x2
1 a a2 x2
dx
56.
x a2 x2
ln
a x
dx a2 x2 ( n 2) dx
57.
x n
a2 x2
2 n 1
(n 1)a x
(n 1)a x
2 n 2
a2 x2
, n 1
1 a2 x
58.
a 2 x 2 dx
2
x a2 x2
2
sin 1
a
3
x n 1 (a 2 x 2 ) 2 (n 1)a 2
a x dx
x n 2 a 2 x 2 dx
n 2 2
59. x
n2 n2
a2 x2 a a2 x2
60.
x
dx a 2 x 2 a ln
x
3
a2 x2 (a 2 x 2 ) 2 n4 a2 x2
61.
x n
dx 2 n 1
(n 1)a x
(n 1)a 2 x n 2
dx , n 1
dx x
62.
(a x )
2
3
2 2
a a2 x2
2
xd x 1
63.
(a x )
2
3
2 2
a x2
2
x 2 dx x x
64.
(a 2
x2 )
3
2
a2 x2
sin 1
a
x n dx x n 1 (n 1)a 2 x n 2 dx
65.
(a 2
x2 )
3
2
( n 2) a 2 x 2
n2 3
(a 2 x 2 ) 2
dx 1 1 a a2 x2
66.
x(a 2
x2 )
3
2
a2 a2 x2
a3
ln
x
dx 1 n dx
67.
x n
(a 2 x 2 )
3
2
(n 1)a x 2 n 1
a x2 2
(n 1)a 2 x n 2
(a 2 x 2 )
3
2
R-6 微積分學習要訣
1 3a 2 3a 4 x
3 3
68. (a 2 x 2 ) 2 dx x(a 2 x 2 ) 2 x a2 x2 sin 1
4 8 8 a
5
x n 1 (a 2 x 2 ) 2 (n 1)a 2
3 3
69. x (a x )
n 2 2 2 dx x n 2 (a 2 x 2 ) 2 dx
n4 n4
3
(a 2 x 2 ) 2 1 a a2 x2
3
70. dx (a 2 x 2 ) 2 a 2 a 2 x 2 a 3 ln
x 3 x
3 5 3
(a 2 x 2 ) 2 (a 2 x 2 ) 2 n6 (a 2 x 2 ) 2
71.
xn
dx
(n 1)a 2 x n 1 (n 1)a 2 x n 2 dx
七、含 x2 a2
dx
72.
x a 2 2
ln x x 2 a 2
x n dx x n 1 x 2 a 2 (n 1)a 2 x n 2 dx
73.
x2 a2
n
n x2 a2
dx 1 x
74.
x x a2 2
a
sec 1
a
dx x2 a2 ( n 2) dx
75.
x n
x2 a2
2 n 1
(n 1)a x
(n 1)a x
2 n 2
x2 a2
1 a2
76.
x 2 a 2 dx
2
x x2 a2
2
ln x x 2 a 2
3
x n 1 ( x 2 a 2 ) 2 (n 1)a 2
x a dx
x n 2 x 2 a 2 dx
n 2 2
77. x
n2 n2
x2 a2 x
78.
x
dx x 2 a 2 a sec 1
a
3
x2 a2 (x2 a2 ) 2 n4 x2 a2
79.
x n
dx 2 n 1
(n 1)a x
(n 1)a 2 x n 2
dx
dx x
80.
3
(x2 a2 ) 2
a2 x2 a2
xd x 1
81.
(x 2
a2 )
3
2
x2 a2
附錄 積分表 R-7
x 2 dx x
82.
(x 2
a ) 2
3
2
x a2 2
ln x x 2 a 2
x n dx x n 1 (n 1)a 2 x n 2 dx
83.
(x 2
a2 )
3
2
( n 2) x 2 a 2
n2
(x2 a2 ) 2
3
dx 1 1 x
84.
x( x 2
a ) 2
3
2
a 2
x a
2 2
a 3
sec 1
a
dx 1 n dx
85.
x n
(x a )2 2
3
2
(n 1)a x 2 n 1
a x2 2
(n 1)a 2 x n 2
(x a2 )
2
3
2
1 3a 2 3a 4
3 3
86. ( x 2 a 2 ) 2 dx x( x 2 a 2 ) 2 x x2 a2 ln x x 2 a 2
4 8 8
5
x n 1 ( x 2 a 2 ) 2 (n 1)a 2
3 3
87. x (x a )
n 2 2 2 dx x n 2 ( x 2 a 2 ) 2 dx
n4 n4
3
(x2 a2 ) 2 1 x
3
88. dx ( x 2 a 2 ) 2 a 2 x 2 a 2 a 3 sec 1
x 3 a
3 5 3
(x2 a2 ) 2 (x2 a2 ) 2 n6 (x2 a2 ) 2
89.
xn
dx
(n 1)a 2 x n 1 (n 1)a 2 x n 2 dx
八、三角函數
90.
sin xdx cos x
1 1
sin axdx 2 x 4a sin 2ax
2
91.
1 n 1
sin xdx sin n 1 x cos x sin n 2 xdx
n
92.
n n
1
93.
x sin axdx 2 (sin ax ax cosax)
a
1
x 2 sin axdx 3 (2ax sin ax 2 cosax a 2 x 2 cosax)
a
x sin xdx x cos x n x cos xdx
n n n 1
sin(m n) x sin(m n) x
94.
sin mxsin nxdx 2(m n) 2(m n)
R-8 微積分學習要訣
x
dx 2 a tan b
tan , a2 b2
1 2
95. (a)
a b sin x a b
2 2 a b
2 2
x
a tan b b 2 a 2
dx 1
(b)
a b sin x
b a
2 2
ln 2
x
, a2 b2
a tan b b a2 2
2
96.
cos xdx sin x
1 1
cos axdx 2 x 4a sin 2ax
2
97.
1 n 1
cos xdx cosn 1 x sin x
cosn2 xdx
n
98.
n n
1
99.
x cosaxdx 2 (cosax ax sin ax)
a
1
x 2 cosaxdx 3 (2ax cosax 2 sin ax a 2 x 2 sin ax)
a
x cos xdx x sin x n x sin xdx
n n n 1
sin(m n) x sin(m n) x
100. cos mxcos nxdx
2(m n)
2(m n)
x
( a b) tan
dx 2
101. (a)
a b cos x
a b
2 2
tan1
a b 2 2
2 , a2 b2
x
(b a ) tan b 2 a 2
dx 1
(b)
a b cos x
b a
2 2
ln 2
x
, a2 b2
(b a ) tan b a 2 2
2
1
102. sin x cos xdx sin 2 x
2
m1 n 1
103. (a) sin m x cosn xdx sin x cos x n 1 sin m x cosn 2 xdx
mn mn
m1 n 1
(b) sin m x cosn xdx sin x cos x m 1 sin m2 x cosn xdx
mn mn
附錄 積分表 R-9
cos(m n) x cos(m n) x
104.
sin mxcosnxdx 2(m n)
2(m n)
105.
tan xdx ln sec x ln cos x
tan xdx tan x x
2
106.
1
tan xdx n 1 tan x tan xdx
n n 1 n 2
107.
108.
sec xdx ln sec x tan x
sec xdx tan x
2
109.
1 n2
sec xdx n 1 sec x tan x n 1 sec
n n 2 n 2
110. xdx
111.
secx t an xdx secx
n 1
112. (a) sec m x tann xdx sec x tan x n 1
m
m n 1 m n 1
sec m x tann 2 xdx
m 2 n 1
(b) sec m x tann xdx sec x tan x m2
m n 1
m n 1
sec m2 x tann xdx
113. cot xdx ln sin x
116.
csc xdx ln cscx cot x
csc xdx cot x
2
117.
1 n2
csc xdx n 1 csc x cot x n 1 csc
n n 2 n 2
118. xdx
119.
cscx cotxdx cscx
n 1
120. (a) csc m x cotn xdx csc x cot x n 1 csc m x cotn 2 xdx
m
m n 1 m n 1
m 2 n 1
csc x cot x m2
(b) csc m x cotn xdx
m n 1
m n 1
csc m2 x cotn xdx
R-10 微積分學習要訣
九、反三角函數
x x
sin
1
121. dx x sin1 a 2 x 2
a a
x x
122.
cos 1 dx x cos 1 a 2 x 2
a a
x x a
123.
tan1 dx x tan1 ln a 2 x 2
a a 2
x x a
124.
cot1 dx x cot1 ln a 2 x 2
a a 2
x x
125.
sec 1 dx x sec 1 a ln x x 2 a 2
a a
x x
126.
csc 1 dx x csc 1 a ln x x 2 a 2
a a
x 1 x x 2
127.
x sin1 dx (2 x 2 a 2 ) sin1
a 4 a 4
a x2
x 1 x x 2
128.
x cos 1 dx (2 x 2 a 2 ) cos 1
a 4 a 4
a x2
x 1 x ax
129.
x t an 1 dx ( x 2 a 2 ) t an 1
a 2 a 2
x
sin 1
a dx 1 sin 1 x 1 ln a a x
2 2
130.
x2 x a a x
x
t an 1
a dx 1 t an 1 x a ln( x 2 a 2 )
131.
x 2
x a 2
十、指數與對數函數
ax
132.
a x dx
ln a
ax
133. (a) xe axdx e 2 (ax 1)
a
ax
(b) x 2 e axdx e 3 (a 2 x 2 2ax 2)
a
附錄 積分表 R-11
(c) x n e x dx x n e x n x n1e x dx
x
e
e sinaxdx (sin ax a cosax)
x
134.
a 1 2
ex
136.
e x cosaxdx 2
a 1
(a sin ax cosax)
138.
(a) ln xdx x ln x x
ln x 1
x dx 2 (ln x)
2
(b)
x n 1 x n 1
139.
x n ln xdx
(n 1) 2 n 1
ln x
x n 1 (ln x ) m m
140.
x n (ln x ) m dx
n 1
n 1
x n (ln x ) m1 dx
1
141.
x ln x dx ln ln x
1 1
142.
x(lnx) n
dx
(n 1)(ln x ) n 1
十一、双曲線函數
143.
sinh xdx cosh x
144.
cosh xdx sinh x
145.
tanh xdx ln cosh x
146.
coth xdx ln sinh x
sech xdx 2 t an (e
1 x
147. )
x
148.
csc h xdx ln t anh 2
R-12 微積分學習要訣
150.
sech x t anh xdx sech x
csch xdx cot h x
2
151.
152.
cot h x csch xdx csch x
十二、其他函數
e ax
153.
e ax cosbxdx
a 2 b2
(a cosbx b sinbx)
e ax
154.
e ax sinbxdx 2
a b2
(a sinbx b cosbx)
e ax b2 a 2
155.
xe ax cosbxdx 2
a b2
x ( a cos bx b sin bx)
a 2 b2
cosbx
2ab
2 sin bx
a b 2
ax
e 2ab
156.
xe ax sin bxdx 2
a b 2
x( b cosbx a sin bx) 2
a b2
cosbx
b2 a2
sin bx
a b
2 2
157. (a) sin(ln x )dx
x
sin(ln x) cos(ln x)
2
(b) cos(ln x )dx sin(ln x ) cos(ln x )
x
2
n ax
158. x n e axdx x e n x n 1e axdx
a a
ln( ax) 1
159. x n ln( ax)dx x n 1
n 1 (n 1)
2
x
ln(x a )dx x ln(x a ) 2a tan
1
160. 2 2 2 2
2x (分部積分法)
a
1
162.
ln(ax 1)dx x a ln( ax 1) x (分部積分法)
附錄 積分表 R-13
163.
ln(a x 2 a 2 )dx x ln(a x 2 a 2 ) a ln( x x 2 a 2 ) x
(利用分部積分法)
1 1 xa
164.
x a
2 2
dx ln
2a x a
1 1 1 1 2x a
165. (a)
x a
3 3
dx 2 ln x a 2 ln x 2 ax a 2
3a 6a 3a 2
tan1
3a
1 1 1 1 2x a
(b)
x3 a3
dx 2 ln x a 2 ln x 2 ax a 2
3a 6a 3a 2
tan1
3a
166.
1
x 1
4
dx
1
ln
x2 2x 1
4 2 x 2x 1 2 2
2
1
tan1 ( 2 x 1) tan1 ( 2 x 1)
x x
167.
1 sin x dx 2 cos sin
2 2
1
168.
( a b cos x ) 2
dx
1 b cos x 2a 2
1 a b
2
x
tan tan
a 2 b 2 a b cos x
a b
2 2 a b 2
1 ax b
169.
a b tan x
dx 2
a b 2
2
a b2
ln a cos x b sin x
sin x sin 2 x
170.
x
dx ;
x 2
dx
sin 3 x 3 sin 4 x 2
x 3
dx 0.75
4
;
x 4
dx 0.667
3
5
sin x 6
sin x
115 11
x 5
dx
192
0.599 ;
x 6
dx 0.55
20
sin 7 x 5887 sin 8 x 151
x 7
dx
11520
0.511 ;
x 8
dx
315
0.479
(此八式屬於定積分)
R-14 微積分學習要訣
◆ 連加公式之推導
n
n(n 1)
k 1 2 3 n
k 1 2
…(1)
n
n(n 1)(2n 1)
k
k 1
2
12 2 2 32 n 2
6
…(2)
2
n(n 1)
n
k 1
k 3 13 2 3 33 n 3
2
…(3)
n
n(n 1)(2n 1)(3n 2 3n 1)
k 1
k 4 14 2 4 34 n 4
30
…(4)
證明:
(1)令 S 1 2 3 n
則 S n (n 1) 1
n
n(n 1) 。
二邊相加得 2S n(n 1) ,故得 k 1 2 3 n
k 1 2
n(n 1)
(2)利用 1 2 3 n
2
則 1 1(1 1)
2
2(2 1)
1 2
2
3(3 1)
1 2 3
2
n(n 1)
1 2 3 n
2
n n
二邊相加得 n 1 (n 1) 2 (n 2) 3 1 n 1 k 2
2 k 1
k
k 1
n
1 n n
整理得
k 1
2 k 1
(n k 1)k k 2 k
k 1
n n n
1 n n
k 1
k 1 k 1
n k k 2 k k 2 k
2 k 1
k 1
n n
1 3
(n ) k k2
2 k 1 2 k 1
附錄 積分表 R-15
n
2n 1 n 2n 1 n(n 1) n(n 1)(2n 1) 。
k
k 1
2
3 k 1
k
3 2
6
n(n 1)(2n 1)
(3)利用 12 2 2 3 2 n 2
6
則 12 1 (1 1)(2 1)
6
2 (2 1)(4 1)
12 2 2
6
3(3 1)(6 1)
12 2 2 3 2
6
n(n 1)(2n 1)
12 2 2 3 2 n 2
6
n n n
二邊相加得 n 12 (n 1) 2 2 1 n 2 1 2 k 3 3 k 2
6 k 1
k
k 1 k 1
n
1 n n n
整理得
k 1
(n k 1)k 2 2 k 3 3 k 2 k
6 k 1
k 1
k 1
n n n
1 n n n
n k 2 k 3 k 2 2 k 3 3 k 2 k
k 1 k 1 k 1 6 k 1
k 1
k 1
n n n
1 1 4
(n ) k 2 k k3
2 k 1 6 k 1 3 k 1
n
3 1 n 2 1 n 3 1 n(n 1)(2n 1) 1 n(n 1)
k
k 1
3
4
(n ) k
2 k 1
k (n )
6 k 1 4 2 6
6 2
2
n(n 1) 。
2
n 2 (n 1) 2
(4)利用 13 2 3 33 n 3
4
再同(3)之步驟即可證出!
* * *