Madinah Book 3 Notes PDF

ِ ‫ﺑِﺴِﻢ‬
‫ﷲ اﻟ ﱠﺮ ْﺣ َﻤ ِﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺮِﺣ ْﻴِﻢ‬ ْ
LQ Mississauga
Madinah Book 3 Notes (v. 8)
Topics
1 Augmented Three Letter Verb – ‫مزيد‬ ‫الثّلاثي‬ 9 Pronoun Summary
2 Classification of Verbs 10 Exception
3 Noun Declension and Non-Declension 11 Diptote
4 Condition – ‫الشّ رط‬
5 ُ ‫ال ُم ْط َل‬
Absolute Object – ‫ق‬ ‫ال َم ْف ُعو ُل‬
6 Oath – ‫َس ُم‬
َ ‫الق‬
7 Conjugation of Heavy-duty Nun
Combining the Oath with the Condition -

8 ِ َّ‫اِجتِ َما ُع الق ََس ِم َوالش‬
‫رط‬
1
Revision History
Date Ver Author Revision Comments

May. 29, 2014 1 Zahid Naeem Augmented three letter verb notes
Aug. 11, 2014 2 Zahid Naeem Added notes for Noun Declension and Non-Declensions
Sep. 20, 2014 3 Zahid Naeem Corrections and additions
Mar. 24, 2015 4 Zahid Naeem Added notes for ‫الشّ رط‬
May 19, 2015 5 Zahid Naeem Added notes for ‫ال َم ْف ُعو ُل ال ُم ْط َل ُق‬
Jun. 07, 2015 6 Zahid Naeem Added notes for ‫القسم‬
Jun. 14, 2015 7 Zahid Naeem Added notes for classification of verbs
Added notes for a) combining oath and condition b) pronouns c) exception
Dec. 28, 2015 8 Zahid Naeem
and d) diptote
There are no copyrights reserved for this material. You may make copies and distribute them Fi Sabilillah – ‫اللَّ ِه‬ ِ‫ِفي َس ِبيل‬
Report any errors, omissions or suggestions to lqmississauga@gmail.com
LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 3 Notes (v. 8) 2

Augmented vs. Un-augmented Three Letter Verb
Augmented Three Letter Verb Un-augmented Three Letter Verb

‫ال ِف ْع ُل الثُّلَاثِ ُّي الْ َمزِي ُد‬ ‫ال ِف ْع ُل الثُّلَاثِ ُّي الْ ُم َج َّر ُد‬
A three letter verb, which is augmented by A three letter verb, which contains only the
adding one or more letters to the original original three letters without any additional
three letters, e.g. letter, e.g.
َ َ‫ ٱِنْ َكش‬،َ‫ َت َع َاون‬،‫ َت َق َّب َل‬،‫ َٔانْ َز َل‬،َ‫ َسا َعد‬،‫َعلَّ َم‬
‫ف‬ ‫ ن َِس َي‬،َ‫ َو َجد‬،‫ َس ِم َع‬،‫ َقا َل‬،‫س‬
َ ‫ َج َل‬،‫َك َت َب‬
Also called Derived Three Letter Verbs
These verbs are further classified into 12
forms, of which 9 are most common –
Form II to X (2 to 10). We will only study
these 9 forms.
Please note that even though the number
of letters in each of these verbs is more
than three, they are still referred to as
“Augmented (or Derived) Three Letter
verb”

Form II – ‫َف َّع َل‬ ‫َباب‬
َ ‫َباب َف َّع‬
Form II – ‫ل‬ Augmented Letter
‫َف َّع َل‬ ‫َل‬ ‫ف ْع َع‬

َ ‫َف َُــِـعـ َل‬
3 2 1
Original Letters
‫نَـ َّز َل‬ He sent down, He brought down ‫نَـ َز َل‬ He came down
‫س‬َ ‫َد َّر‬ He taught ‫س‬َ ‫َد َر‬ He learnt
‫َقـ َّتـ َل‬ He massacred ‫َقـ َتـ َل‬ He killed
‫َك َّس َر‬ He smashed ‫ك ََس َر‬ He broke
‫َس َّب َح‬ He praised/glorified ‫َس َب َح‬ He swam
‫ع‬ Represents the ‫كلمة‬ ‫( ع‬2nd radical) of the respective verb and NOT the alphabet ‫ع‬
Form III – ‫َفا َع َل‬ ‫َباب‬
َ ‫َباب َفا َع‬
Form III – ‫ل‬ Augmented Letter
‫َفـا َع َل‬ ‫َل‬ ‫ف ا َع‬

َ ‫َف َُــِـعـ َل‬
3 2 1
Original Letters
‫َقـا َت َل‬ He fought ‫َقـ َت َل‬ He killed
‫َجـا َه َد‬ He endeavored, He strived ‫َج َه َد‬ He exerted himself
‫شَ ـا َه َد‬ He viewed, inspected, observed ‫شَ ِه َد‬ He witnessed
‫َخـا َط َب‬ He addressed someone directly ‫َخ َط َب‬ He delivered a public address
‫نَـا َدى‬ He called, He shouted ‫نَدَا‬ He called
‫ا‬ Represents the alphabet (‫) ٔالف‬ ‫ا‬

Form IV – ‫َٔا ْف َع َل‬ ‫َباب‬
َ ‫َباب َٔا ْف َع‬
Form IV – ‫ل‬ Augmented Letter
‫َٔا ْف َع َل‬ ‫َل‬ ‫َع‬ ْ‫َٔا ف‬ ‫َف َُــِـعـ َل‬

3 2 1
Original Letters
‫َٔانْ َز َل‬ He sent down, He brought down ‫نَـ َز َل‬ He came down
‫َٔاخْ َر َج‬ He brought someone/something out ‫َخ َر َج‬ He came out, He left
‫َٔا ْص َل َح‬ He made someone/something good ‫َص َل َح‬ He was good
‫َٔا ْس َل َم‬ He embraced Islam ‫َس ِل َم‬ He was safe
‫َٔا َرا َد‬ He wanted, He wished ‫َرا َد‬ He looked for,

He searched for
‫َٔا َقا َم‬ He made someone/something standup ‫َقا َم‬ He stood up

Form V – ‫َت َف َّع َل‬ ‫َباب‬
َ ‫َباب َت َف َّع‬
Form V – ‫ل‬ Augmented Letters
‫َت َف َّع َل‬ ‫َل‬ ‫ف ْع َع‬

َ ‫َت‬ ‫َف َُــِـعـ َل‬
3 2 1
Original Letters
‫َت َذكَّ َر‬ He remembered ‫َذك ََر‬ He remembered
‫َت َولَّى‬ He turned back ‫َولَى‬ He followed
‫َت َوكَّ َل‬ He put his trust (especially with Allah) ‫َو َك َل‬ He entrusted
‫َت َـبـ َّي َـن‬ It became clear ‫َبا َن‬ It became clear
‫َت َف َّك َر‬ He meditated, reflected ‫َف َك َر‬ He meditated, reflected
‫َت َكلَّ َم‬ He spoke ‫َك َل َم‬ He spoke

Form VI – ‫َتفَا َع َل‬ ‫َباب‬
Form VI – ‫ل‬
َ ‫َباب َتفَا َع‬ Augmented Letters
‫َت َفا َع َل‬ ‫َل‬ ‫ف ا َع‬

َ ‫َت‬ ‫َف َُــِـعـ َل‬
3 2 1
Original Letters
‫َت َسا َء َل‬ He asked (one another) ‫َسأَ َل‬ He asked
‫ض‬
َ ‫َتـ َمـا َر‬ He pretended to be sick ‫ض‬
َ ‫َم َر‬ He became sick
‫َت َضا َر َب‬ He quarreled, He brawled ‫َض َر َب‬ He hit
‫َتـ َعا َو َن‬ He helped (one another) ‫َعا َن‬ He was middle-aged
‫َتـ َنا َو َم‬ He pretended to sleep ‫نَا َم‬ He slept
‫َتـ َنـا َبـ َز‬ He gave someone a nickname to reproach ‫ن ََـبـ َز‬ He defamed

Form VII – ‫ٱِنْ َف َع َل‬ ‫َباب‬
َ ‫َباب ٱِنْ َف َع‬
Form VII – ‫ل‬ Augmented Letters
‫ٱِنْ َف َع َل‬ ‫َل‬ َ ‫ٱِ ْن‬

‫ف َع‬ ‫َف َُــِـعـ َل‬
3 2 1
Original Letters
‫ٱِنْ َق َل َب‬ He/it was overturned ‫َق َل َب‬ He/it overturned
‫ٱِنْ َق َط َع‬ He/it was cut ‫َق َط َع‬ He cut
‫ٱِنْ َك َس َر‬ It got broke ‫ك ََس َر‬ He broke
َ ‫ٱِنْ َك َش‬
‫ف‬ It got revealed, It got disclosed ‫ف‬
َ ‫ك ََش‬ He revealed, He disclosed
‫ٱِنْ َب َغى‬ It was fitting and proper ‫َب َغى‬ He desired
‫ٱِ ْن َه َز َم‬ He was defeated ‫َه َز َم‬ He defeated

Form VIII – ‫ٱ ِ ْف َت َع َل‬ ‫َباب‬
َ ‫َباب ٱِ ْف َت َع‬
Form VIII – ‫ل‬ Augmented Letters
‫ٱِ ْف َت َع َل‬ ‫َل‬ ‫ٱِ فْ َت َع‬ ‫َف َُــِـعـ َل‬

3 2 1
Original Letters
‫ٱِ ْج َت َم َع‬ He came together ‫َج َم َع‬ He collected, gathered
‫ٱِ ْش َت َر َك‬ He entered into partnership ‫شَ ِر َك‬ He shared
‫ٱِ ْجـ َتـ َن َب‬ He turned aside, He avoided ‫َج َن َب‬ He turned aside, He avoided
‫ٱِنْـ َتـ َهى‬ He terminated, He ceased ‫ن ََهى‬ He prohibited
‫ٱِنْـ َتـ َظ َر‬ He waited ‫نَ َظ َر‬ He saw, looked
For phonetic reasons, the augmented alphabet ‫ ت‬is sometimes replaced with ‫ ط‬،‫ ض‬،‫ د‬depending upon the ‫ ف كلمة‬of the verb.
Similarly the ‫ ف كلمة‬itself may be changed in some cases. We will study this later, ‫إن شاء اللّه‬
Form IX – ‫ٱ ِ ْف َع َّل‬ ‫َباب‬
َّ ‫َباب ٱِ ْف َع‬
Form IX – ‫ل‬ Augmented Letters
‫ٱِ ْف َع َّل‬ ‫َع ْل َل‬ ْ‫ٱِ ف‬ ‫َف َُــِـعـ َل‬

3 2 1
Original Letters
‫ٱِ ْح َم َّر‬ He/it turned red
‫ٱِ ْس َو َّد‬ He/it turned black
‫ض‬َّ ‫ٱِ ْب َيـ‬ He/it turned white
‫ٱِ ْع َو َّج‬ He/it became crooked ‫َعو َِج‬ He/it was crooked
For some augmented verbs, the un-augmented verbs may not exist, as is the case above.

Form X – ‫ٱ ِ ْس َتـ ْف َع َل‬ ‫َباب‬
َ ‫َباب ٱِ ْس َت ْف َع‬
Form X – ‫ل‬ Augmented Letters
‫ٱِ ْس َتـ ْف َع َل‬ ‫َل‬ ‫َع‬ ْ‫س َت ف‬ ِ

ْ ‫ٱ‬ ‫َف َُــِـعـ َل‬
3 2 1
Original Letters
‫ٱِ ْس َت ْغف ََر‬ He sought forgiveness ‫َغف ََر‬ He forgave
‫ٱِ ْس َت ْك َب َر‬ He deemed to be great, He became proud ‫ك َُـب َر‬ He became great
‫ٱِ ْس َت َطا َع‬ He was able to ‫َطا َع‬ He was obedient
‫اب‬ َ ‫ٱِ ْس َت َج‬ He answered ‫اب‬ َ ‫َج‬ He split
َٔ‫ٱِ ْس َت ْه َزا‬ He mocked, He ridiculed َ‫َهزِئ‬ He mocked, He ridiculed
‫ٱِ ْس َت ْع َج َل‬ He sought to hasten ‫َع ِج َل‬ He hastened

‫َف َّع َل – ‪More on Form II‬‬ ‫َباب‬ ‫َل‬ ‫ف ْع َع‬
‫َ‬
‫اِ ْس ُم‬ ‫اِ ْس ُم‬ ‫ِف ْع ُل‬ ‫ال ِف ْع ُل ال ِف ْع ُل‬

‫ال َم ْف ُع ِ‬ ‫الف ِ‬ ‫ال َم ْص َد ُر‬ ‫ال َم ِ‬
‫ول‬ ‫َاعلِ‬ ‫اضي ال ُم َضا ِر ُع الا َٔ ْم ِر‬
‫ُم َف َّع ٌل‬ ‫ُم َف ِّع ٌل‬ ‫َت ْف ِعي ٌل‬ ‫َف ِّع ْل‬ ‫ُي َف ِّع ُل‬ ‫َف َّع َل‬
‫س‬
‫ُم َد َّر ٌ‬ ‫س‬
‫ُم َد ِّر ٌ‬ ‫َت ْدر ٌ‬
‫ِيس‬ ‫س‬
‫َد ِّر ْ‬ ‫س‬
‫ُي َد ِّر ُ‬ ‫س‬
‫َد َّر َ‬
‫ُم َن َّز ٌل‬ ‫ُم َن ِّز ٌل‬ ‫َت ْنزِي ٌل‬ ‫نَ ِّز ْل‬ ‫ُي َن ِّز ُل‬ ‫نَ َّز َل‬
‫ُم َس َّب ٌح‬ ‫ُم َس ِّب ٌح‬ ‫َت ْس ِب ٌ‬
‫يح‬ ‫َس ِّب ْح‬ ‫ُي َس ِّب ُح‬ ‫َس َّب َح‬
‫ُم َق َّد ٌر‬ ‫ُم َق ِّد ٌر‬ ‫َت ْق ِدي ٌر‬ ‫َق ِّد ْر‬ ‫ُي َق ِّد ُر‬ ‫َق َّد َر‬
‫ُم َك َّس ٌر‬ ‫ُم َك ِّس ٌر‬ ‫َت ْك ِسي ٌر‬ ‫ك َِّس ْر‬ ‫ُي َك ِّس ُر‬ ‫َك َّس َر‬
‫‪Form II is also referred to as‬‬ ‫‪َ pattern.‬م ْصدَر ‪َ , because some texts refer to the augmented verbs with their‬باب َت ْف ِعي ٌل‬
‫)‪LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 3 Notes (v. 8‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬
‫َفا َع َل – ‪More on Form III‬‬ ‫َباب‬ ‫َل‬ ‫ف ا َع‬
‫َ‬

‫ُمفَا َع ٌل‬ ‫َف ِاع ْل ِف َعا ٌل‪ُ ،‬مفَا َع َل ٌة ُمف ِ‬
‫َاع ٌل‬ ‫ُيف ِ‬
‫َاع ُل‬ ‫َفا َع َل‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫ُم َجا ِه ٌد‬ ‫ِج َها ٌد‬ ‫َجا ِه ْد‬ ‫ُي َجا ِه ُد‬ ‫َجا َه َد‬
‫ُم َخ ِاط ٌب ُم َخا َط ٌب‬ ‫ِخ َط ٌ‬
‫اب‬ ‫َخا َط َب ُي َخ ِاط ُب َخ ِاط ْب‬
‫ُم َشا َه ٌد‬ ‫ُم َشا ِه ٌد‬ ‫ُم َشا َه َد ٌة‬ ‫شَ ا ِه ْد‬ ‫ُي َشا ِه ُد‬ ‫شَ ا َه َد‬
‫ُم َبا َر ٌك‬ ‫ُم َبا ِر ٌك‬ ‫ُم َبا َر َك ٌة‬ ‫َبا ِر ْك‬ ‫ُي َـبا ِر ُك‬ ‫َبا َر َك‬
‫ـ‬ ‫ُم َن ِاف ٌق‬ ‫نِفَا ٌق‬ ‫ن َِاف ْق‬ ‫ُي َن ِاف ُق‬ ‫نَا َف َق‬
‫‪Form III is also referred to as‬‬ ‫َباب ُمفَا َع َل ٌة ‪َ or‬باب ِف َعا ٌل‬
‫َٔا ْف َع َل – ‪More on Form IV‬‬ ‫َباب‬ ‫َل‬ ‫َع‬ ‫َٔا فْ‬

‫ُم ْف َع ٌل‬ ‫ُم ْف ِع ٌل‬ ‫إِ ْف َعا ٌل‬ ‫َٔا ْف ِع ْل‬ ‫ُي ْف ِع ُل‬ ‫َٔا ْف َع َل‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫ُم ْس ِل ٌم‬ ‫إِ ْسلَا ٌم‬ ‫َٔا ْس ِل ْم‬ ‫ُي ْس ِل ُم‬ ‫َٔا ْس َل َم‬
‫ُمخْ َر ٌج‬ ‫ُمخْ ر ٌِج‬ ‫إِخْ َر ٌ‬
‫اج‬ ‫َٔاخْ ر ِْج‬ ‫ُيخْ ر ُِج‬ ‫َٔاخْ َر َج‬
‫ُم ْص َل ٌح‬ ‫ُم ْص ِل ٌح‬ ‫إِ ْصل ٌ‬
‫َاح‬ ‫َٔا ْص ِل ْح‬ ‫ُي ْص ِل ُح‬ ‫َٔا ْص َل َح‬
‫ُم ْن َز ٌل‬ ‫ُم ْن ِز ٌل‬ ‫إِنْ َزا ٌل‬ ‫َٔانْ ِز ْل‬ ‫ُي ْن ِز ُل‬ ‫َٔانْ َز َل‬
‫ُم ْر َس ٌل‬ ‫ُم ْر ِس ٌل‬ ‫إِ ْر َسا ٌل‬ ‫َٔا ْر ِس ْل‬ ‫ُي ْر ِس ُل‬ ‫َٔا ْر َس َل‬
‫‪Form IV is also referred to as‬‬ ‫‪َ .‬باب إِ ْف َعا ٌل‬
‫َت َف َّع َل – ‪More on Form V‬‬ ‫َباب‬ ‫َل‬ ‫ف ْع َع‬
‫َت َ‬

‫ُم َت َف َّع ٌل‬ ‫ُم َت َف ِّع ٌل‬ ‫َت َف ُّع ٌل‬ ‫َت َف َّع ْل‬ ‫َي َت َف َّع ُل‬ ‫َت َف َّع َل‬
‫ُم َت َكلَّ ٌم‬ ‫ُم َت َكلِّ ٌم‬ ‫َت َكلُّ ٌم‬ ‫َت َكلَّ ْم‬ ‫َي َت َكلَّ ُم‬ ‫َت َكلَّ َم‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫ُم َت َف ِّك ٌر‬ ‫َت َف ُّك ٌر‬ ‫َت َف َّك ْر‬ ‫َي َت َف َّك ُر‬ ‫َت َف َّك َر‬
‫ُم َت َوكَّ ٌل‬ ‫ُم َت َوكِّ ٌل‬ ‫َت َوكُّ ٌل‬ ‫َت َوكَّ ْل‬ ‫َي َت َوكَّ ُل‬ ‫َت َوكَّ َل‬
‫ُم َت َعلَّ ٌم‬ ‫ُم َت َعلِّ ٌم‬ ‫َت َعلُّ ٌم‬ ‫َت َعلَّ ْم‬ ‫َي َت َعلَّ ُم‬ ‫َت َعلَّ َم‬
‫ُم َت َن َّز ٌل‬ ‫ُم َت َن ِّز ٌل‬ ‫َت َن ُّز ٌل‬ ‫َت َن َّز ْل‬ ‫َي َت َن َّز ُل‬ ‫َت َن َّز َل‬
‫‪Form V is also referred to as‬‬ ‫‪َ .‬باب َت َف ُّع ٌل‬
‫َت َفا َع َل – ‪More on Form VI‬‬ ‫َباب‬ ‫َل‬ ‫َت َ‬
‫ف ا َع‬

‫ُم َتفَا َع ٌل‬ ‫ُم َتف ِ‬
‫َاع ٌل‬ ‫َتفَا ُع ٌل‬ ‫َتفَا َع ْل‬ ‫َي َتفَا َع ُل‬ ‫َت َفا َع َل‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫ُم َت َسا ِء ٌل‬ ‫َت َس ُاء ٌل‬ ‫َي َت َس َاء ُل َت َس َاء ْل‬ ‫َت َسا َء َل‬
‫ـ‬ ‫ِض‬
‫ُم َت َمار ٌ‬ ‫ض‬
‫َتـ َمـا ُر ٌ‬ ‫ض‬
‫ض َتـ َمـا َر ْ‬
‫ض َي َتـ َمـا َر ُ‬
‫َتـ َمـا َر َ‬
‫ُم َت َع َاو ٌن‬ ‫ُم َت َعا ِو ٌن‬ ‫َت َع ُاو ٌن‬ ‫َت َع َاو ْن‬ ‫َي َت َع َاو ُن‬ ‫َتـ َعا َو َن‬
‫ُم َت َكا َث ٌر‬ ‫ُم َت َكاثِ ٌر‬ ‫َت َكا ُث ٌر‬ ‫َت َكا َث ْر‬ ‫َي َت َكاث َُر‬ ‫َتـ َكاث ََر‬
‫ف‬
‫ِف ُم َت َعا َر ٌ‬
‫ُم َت َعار ٌ‬ ‫ف‬
‫َت َعا ُر ٌ‬ ‫ف َت َعا َرفْ‬
‫ف َي َت َعا َر ُ‬
‫َتـ َعا َر َ‬
‫‪Form VI is also referred to as‬‬ ‫‪َ .‬باب َتفَا ُع ٌل‬
‫ٱِنْ َف َع َل – ‪More on Form VII‬‬ ‫َباب‬ ‫َل‬ ‫َع‬ ‫ٱِ ْن َ‬
‫ف‬

‫ـ‬ ‫ُم ْن َف ِع ٌل‬ ‫ٱِنْ ِف َعا ٌل‬ ‫َي ْن َف ِع ُل ٱِنْ َف ِع ْل‬ ‫ٱِنْ َف َع َل‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫ُم ْن َق ِل ٌب‬ ‫ٱِنْ ِقل ٌ‬

‫َاب‬ ‫ٱِنْ َق ِل ْب‬ ‫َي ْن َق ِل ُب‬ ‫ٱِنْ َق َل َب‬
‫ـ‬ ‫ُم ْن َك ِس ٌر‬ ‫ٱِنْ ِك َسا ٌر‬ ‫ٱِنْ َك ِس ْر‬ ‫َي ْن َك ِس ُر‬ ‫ٱِنْ َك َس َر‬
‫ـ‬ ‫ُم ْن َك ِش ٌ‬
‫ف‬ ‫ٱِنْ ِك َش ٌ‬
‫اف‬ ‫ف ٱِنْ َك ِش ْ‬
‫ف‬ ‫ٱِنْ َك َش َ‬
‫ف َي ْن َك ِش ُ‬
‫ـ‬ ‫ِف‬
‫ُم ْن َصر ٌ‬ ‫ٱِنْ ِص َر ٌ‬
‫اف‬ ‫ِف ٱِنْ َص ِرفْ‬ ‫ٱِنْ َص َر َ‬
‫ف َي ْن َصر ُ‬
‫ـ‬ ‫ُم ْن َف ِر ٌد‬ ‫ٱِنْ ِف َرا ٌد‬ ‫ٱِنْ َف ِر ْد‬ ‫َي ْن َف ِر ُد‬ ‫ٱِنْف ََر َد‬
‫‪Form VII is also referred to as‬‬ ‫‪َ .‬باب ٱِنْ ِف َعا ٌل‬
‫ٱ ِ ْف َت َع َل – ‪More on Form VIII‬‬ ‫َباب‬ ‫َل‬ ‫ٱِ فْ َت َع‬

‫ُم ْف َت َع ٌل‬ ‫ُم ْف َت ِع ٌل‬ ‫ٱِ ْف ِت َعا ٌل‬ ‫َي ْف َت ِع ُل ٱِ ْف َت ِع ْل‬ ‫ٱِ ْف َت َع َل‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫ُم ْج َت ِم ٌع‬ ‫ٱِ ْج ِت َما ٌع‬ ‫ٱِ ْج َت ِم ْع‬ ‫َي ْج َت ِم ُع‬ ‫ٱِ ْج َت َم َع‬
‫ُم ْش َت َر ٌك‬ ‫ُم ْش َت ِر ٌك‬ ‫ٱِ ْش ِت َرا ٌك‬ ‫ٱِ ْش َت ِر ْك‬ ‫َي ْش َت ِر ُك‬ ‫ٱِ ْش َت َر َك‬
‫ُم ْج َتـ ِن ٌب ُم ْج َتـ َن ٌب‬ ‫ٱِ ْج ِت َن ٌ‬
‫اب‬ ‫ٱِ ْج َتـ َن َب َي ْج َتـ ِن ُب ٱِ ْج َتـ ِن ْب‬
‫ـ‬ ‫ُمخْ َتلِ ٌ‬
‫ف‬ ‫ٱِخْ ِتل ٌ‬
‫َاف‬ ‫ف ٱِخْ َت ِل ْ‬
‫ف‬ ‫ٱِخْ َتـ َل َ‬
‫ف َيخْ َتلِ ُ‬
‫ُم ْح َت ِس ٌب ُم ْح َت َس ٌب‬ ‫ٱِ ْح ِت َس ٌ‬
‫اب‬ ‫ٱِ ْح َتـ َس َب َي ْح َت ِس ُب ٱِ ْح َت ِس ْب‬
‫‪Form VIII is also referred to as‬‬ ‫‪َ .‬باب ٱِ ْف ِت َعا ٌل‬
‫ٱ ِ ْس َت ْف َع َل – ‪More on Form X‬‬ ‫َباب‬ ‫َل‬ ‫َع‬ ‫ٱِ ْ‬
‫س َت فْ‬

‫ُم ْس َت ْف ِع ٌل ُم ْس َت ْف َع ٌل‬ ‫ٱِ ْس ِت ْف َعا ٌل‬ ‫ٱِ ْس َت ْف َع َل َي ْس َت ْف ِع ُل ٱِ ْس َت ْف ِع ْل‬
‫ُم ْس َت ْغ ِف ٌر ُم ْس َت ْغ َف ٌر‬ ‫ٱِ ْس ِت ْغفَا ٌر‬ ‫ٱِ ْس َت ْغ ِف ْر‬ ‫َي ْس َت ْغ ِف ُر‬ ‫ٱِ ْس َت ْغف ََر‬
‫ُم ْس َت ْك ِب ٌر ُم ْس َت ْك َب ٌر‬ ‫ٱِ ْس ِت ْك َبا ٌر‬ ‫َي ْس َت ْك ِب ُر ٱِ ْس َت ْك ِب ْر‬ ‫ٱِ ْس َت ْك َب َر‬
‫ُم ْس َت ِعي ٌن ُم ْس َت َعا ٌن‬ ‫ٱِ ْس ِت َعانَ ٌة‬ ‫ٱِ ْس َت ِع ْن‬ ‫َي ْس َت ِعي ُن‬ ‫ٱِ ْس َت َعا َن‬
‫ٱِ ْس ِتخْ َر ٌ‬
‫اج ُم ْس َتخْ ر ٌِج ُم ْس َتخْ َر ٌج‬ ‫ٱِ ْس َتخْ َر َج َي ْس َتخْ ر ُِج ٱِ ْس َتخْ ر ِْج‬
‫ُم ْس َت ْق ِب ٌل ُم ْس َت ْق َب ٌل‬ ‫ٱِ ْس ِت ْق َبا ٌل‬ ‫َي ْس َت ْق ِب ُل ٱِ ْس َت ْق ِب ْل‬ ‫ٱِ ْس َت ْق َب َل‬
‫‪Form X is also referred to as‬‬ ‫‪َ .‬باب ٱِ ْس ِت ْف َعا ٌل‬
‫‪Augmented Three Letter Verb Chart‬‬
‫اِ ْس ُم‬ ‫اِ ْس ُم‬ ‫ال َم ْص َد ُر‬ ‫ال ِف ْع ُل‬ ‫ال ِف ْع ُل‬ ‫ال ِف ْع ُل‬ ‫‪Form‬‬
‫ول‬‫ال َم ْف ُع ِ‬ ‫َاعلِ‬ ‫الف ِ‬ ‫الا َٔ ْم ِر‬ ‫ال ُم َضا ِر ُع‬ ‫اضي‬ ‫ال َم ِ‬
‫ُم َف َّع ٌل‬ ‫ُم َف ِّع ٌل‬ ‫َت ْف ِعي ٌل‬ ‫َف ِّع ْل‬ ‫ُي َف ِّع ُل‬ ‫َف َّع َل‬ ‫َل‬ ‫ف ْع َع‬
‫َ‬ ‫‪II‬‬
‫ُمفَا َع ٌل‬ ‫َاع ٌل‬ ‫ِف َعا ٌل‪ُ ،‬مفَا َع َل ٌة ُمف ِ‬ ‫َف ِاع ْل‬ ‫َاع ُل‬‫ُيف ِ‬ ‫َفا َع َل‬ ‫َل‬ ‫ف ا َع‬
‫َ‬ ‫‪III‬‬
‫ُم ْف َع ٌل‬ ‫ُم ْف ِع ٌل‬ ‫إِ ْف َعا ٌل‬ ‫َٔا ْف ِع ْل‬ ‫ُي ْف ِع ُل‬ ‫َٔا ْف َع َل‬ ‫َل‬ ‫َع‬ ‫َٔا فْ‬ ‫‪IV‬‬
‫ُم َت َف َّع ٌل‬ ‫ُم َت َف ِّع ٌل‬ ‫َت َف ُّع ٌل‬ ‫َت َف َّع ْل‬ ‫َي َت َف َّع ُل‬ ‫َت َف َّع َل‬ ‫َل‬ ‫ف ْع َع‬
‫َت َ‬ ‫‪V‬‬
‫ُم َتفَا َع ٌل‬ ‫َاع ٌل‬ ‫ُم َتف ِ‬ ‫َتفَا ُع ٌل‬ ‫َتفَا َع ْل‬ ‫َي َتفَا َع ُل‬ ‫َت َفا َع َل‬ ‫َل‬ ‫ف ا َع‬
‫َت َ‬ ‫‪VI‬‬
‫ــ‬ ‫ُم ْن َف ِع ٌل‬ ‫ٱِنْ ِف َعا ٌل‬ ‫ٱِنْ َف ِع ْل‬ ‫َي ْن َف ِع ُل‬ ‫ٱِنْ َف َع َل‬ ‫َل‬ ‫َع‬ ‫ف‬‫ٱِ ْن َ‬ ‫‪VII‬‬
‫ُم ْف َت َع ٌل‬ ‫ُم ْف َت ِع ٌل‬ ‫ٱِ ْف ِت َعا ٌل‬ ‫ٱِ ْف َت ِع ْل‬ ‫َي ْف َت ِع ُل‬ ‫ٱِ ْف َت َع َل‬ ‫َل‬ ‫ٱِ فْ َت َع‬ ‫‪VIII‬‬
‫ــ‬ ‫ُم ْف َع ٌّل‬ ‫ٱِ ْف ِعلَا ٌل‬ ‫ٱِ ْف َع َّل‬ ‫َي ْف َع ُّل‬ ‫ٱِ ْف َع َّل‬ ‫َع ْل َل‬ ‫ٱِ فْ‬ ‫‪IX‬‬
‫ُم ْس َت ْف َع ٌل‬ ‫ٱِ ْس ِت ْف َعا ٌل ُم ْس َت ْف ِع ٌل‬ ‫ٱِ ْس َت ْف ِع ْل‬ ‫َي ْس َت ْف ِع ُل‬ ‫ٱِ ْس َت ْف َع َل‬ ‫َل‬ ‫َع‬ ‫ٱِ ْ‬
‫س َت فْ‬ ‫‪X‬‬

‫‪Classification of Verbs‬‬
‫َمزِي ٌد ُر َبا ِع ٌّي‬ ‫ُم َج َّر ٌد ُر َبا ِع ٌّي‬ ‫َمزِي ٌد ثُلَاثِ ٌّي‬ ‫ُم َج َّر ٌد ثُلَاثِ ٌّي‬
‫َتفَع َل َل‬ ‫َفع َل َل‬ ‫َفـ َّعـ َل َتـ َف َّع َل اِ ْفـ َتـ َع َل‬ ‫َف َع َل َيف ُع ُل َف ُع َل َيف ُع ُل‬
‫‪VIII‬‬ ‫‪V‬‬ ‫‪II‬‬
‫اِف َعن َل َل‬ ‫َفا َع َل َتـفَا َع َل اِ ْفـ َع َّل‬ ‫َف َع َل َيف ِع ُل َف ِع َل َيف َع ُل‬
‫‪IX‬‬ ‫‪VI‬‬ ‫‪III‬‬
‫َٔا ْفـ َع َل اِنْـ َف َع َل اِ ْس َتـ ْف َع َل‬ ‫َف َع َل َيف َع ُل َف ِع َل َيف ِع ُل‬
‫اِف َع َل َّل‬ ‫‪X‬‬ ‫‪VII‬‬ ‫‪IV‬‬
‫ُمع َت ٌّل‬ ‫َص ِح ٌ‬

‫يح‬
‫يف َم ُفرو ٌق‬‫لَ ِف ٌ‬ ‫ُمع َت ُّل الفَا ِء ) ِم َثا ٌل(‬ ‫َمه ُمو ُز الفَا ِء‬ ‫َسالِ ٌم‬
‫لَ ِف ٌ‬
‫يف َم ُقرو ٌن‬ ‫ف(‬‫ُمع َت ُّل ال َعينِ ) َٔاج َو ٌ‬ ‫َمه ُمو ُز ال َعينِ‬ ‫ف‬
‫ُم َضا َع ٌ‬
‫ص(‬‫ُمع َت ُّل اللَّا ِم )نَا ِق ٌ‬ ‫َمه ُمو ُز اللَّا ِم‬

‫‪An Intermediate Dictionary of Verb Conjugation - Numbering‬‬
‫َمزِي ٌد ُر َبا ِع ٌّي‬ ‫‪٤‬‬ ‫‪ُ ۳‬م َج َّر ٌد ُر َبا ِع ٌّي‬ ‫َمزِي ٌد ثُلَاثِ ٌّي‬ ‫‪۲‬‬ ‫ُم َج َّر ٌد ثُلَاثِ ٌّي‬ ‫‪۱‬‬
‫‪۱‬‬ ‫َفـ َّعـ َل َتـ َف َّع َل اِ ْفـ َتـ َع َل ‪۱‬‬ ‫‪٤‬‬ ‫‪۱‬‬
‫َتفَع َل َل‬ ‫َفع َل َل‬ ‫‪٦‬‬ ‫‪۳‬‬ ‫‪۰‬‬ ‫َف َع َل َيف ُع ُل َف ُع َل َيف ُع ُل‬
‫‪VIII‬‬ ‫‪V‬‬ ‫‪II‬‬
‫‪۲‬‬ ‫َفا َع َل َتـفَا َع َل اِ ْفـ َع َّل‬ ‫‪٥‬‬ ‫‪۲‬‬
‫اِف َعن َل َل‬ ‫‪٤‬‬ ‫‪۱‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َف َع َل َيفع ُل َفع َل َيف َع ُل‬
‫‪IX‬‬ ‫‪٧‬‬ ‫‪VI‬‬ ‫‪III‬‬
‫‪۳‬‬ ‫‪َ۳‬فعل يفعل ‪َ٦‬ف ِعل يف ِعل َٔا ْفـ َع َل اِنْـ َف َع َل اِ ْس َتـ ْف َع َل‬
‫اِف َع َل َّل‬ ‫َ َ ُ‬ ‫ََ َ َ ُ‬
‫‪X ٨ VII ٥ IV ۲‬‬

‫يح‬
‫يف َم ُفرو ٌق‬‫لَ ِف ٌ‬ ‫‪ُ ٥‬مع َت ُّل الفَا ِء ) ِم َثا ٌل( ‪٨‬‬ ‫َمه ُمو ُز الفَا ِء‬ ‫‪۲‬‬ ‫َسالِ ٌم‬ ‫‪۰‬‬
‫لَ ِف ٌ‬
‫يف َم ُقرو ٌن‬ ‫ف( ‪٩‬‬ ‫‪ُ ٦‬مع َت ُّل ال َعينِ ) َٔاج َو ٌ‬ ‫َمه ُمو ُز ال َعينِ‬ ‫‪۳‬‬ ‫‪ُ ۱‬م َضا َع ٌ‬
‫ف‬
‫‪٤‬‬
‫ص(‬ ‫‪ُ ٧‬مع َت ُّل اللَّا ِم )نَا ِق ٌ‬ ‫َمه ُمو ُز اللَّا ِم‬

‫‪) ۱ ۱ ۰‬كَـ َت َب( ‪Classification of Verbs – Example‬‬
‫‪VIII‬‬ ‫‪V‬‬ ‫‪II‬‬
‫اِف َعن َل َل‬ ‫‪٤‬‬ ‫‪۱‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫‪IX‬‬ ‫‪٧‬‬ ‫‪VI‬‬ ‫‪III‬‬
‫‪X ٨ VII ٥ IV ۲‬‬

‫يح‬
‫لَ ِف ٌ‬
‫ف‬
‫‪٤‬‬

‫‪َ ) ۱ ۲ ٥‬و َج َد( ‪Classification of Verbs – Example‬‬
‫‪VIII‬‬ ‫‪V‬‬ ‫‪II‬‬
‫اِف َعن َل َل‬ ‫‪٤‬‬ ‫‪۱‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫‪IX‬‬ ‫‪٧‬‬ ‫‪VI‬‬ ‫‪III‬‬
‫‪X ٨ VII ٥ IV ۲‬‬

‫يح‬
‫لَ ِف ٌ‬
‫ف‬
‫‪٤‬‬

‫‪َ ) ۱ ۱ ٦‬قا َل( ‪Classification of Verbs – Example‬‬
‫‪VIII‬‬ ‫‪V‬‬ ‫‪II‬‬
‫اِف َعن َل َل‬ ‫‪٤‬‬ ‫‪۱‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫‪IX‬‬ ‫‪٧‬‬ ‫‪VI‬‬ ‫‪III‬‬
‫‪X ٨ VII ٥ IV ۲‬‬

‫يح‬
‫لَ ِف ٌ‬
‫ف‬
‫‪٤‬‬

‫‪َ ) ۲ ۰ ۰‬ق َّد َر( ‪Classification of Verbs – Example‬‬
‫‪VIII‬‬ ‫‪V‬‬ ‫‪II‬‬
‫اِف َعن َل َل‬ ‫‪٤‬‬ ‫‪۱‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫‪IX‬‬ ‫‪٧‬‬ ‫‪VI‬‬ ‫‪III‬‬
‫‪X ٨ VII ٥ IV ۲‬‬

‫يح‬
‫لَ ِف ٌ‬
‫ف‬
‫‪٤‬‬

Noun’s Declensions and Non-Declensions
ٌ ‫ َم ْرفُو‬, ‫وب‬
A noun, when used in a sentence, must be in one of the three cases; ‫ع‬ ٌ ‫ َم ْن ُص‬or ‫ َم ْج ُرو ٌر‬. This is called Noun
Declension and it establishes the function of that noun in the sentence. The noun declension is usually
indicated by the noun ending. While most nouns decline, some do not. And the ones which decline, have
different signs of declension. Nouns are classified according to their declension or non-declension as follows:
There is a change in the endings of

There is no change in the endings
of these nouns to indicate their
Noun ‫اسم‬ these nouns to indicate their function
function. in the sentence.
Non-Declinable ‫َم ْبنِ ٌّي‬ Declinable ‫ُم ْع َر ٌب‬ Declinable nouns are
divided into three sub-
types depending upon
the type of their endings
Majority of Arabic nouns are
declinable with primary endings.
These endings are considered the
rule, while all others are exceptions
Primary Endings Secondary Endings Latent Endings
‫اب الا َٔ ْصلِ َّي ُة‬
ُ ‫ِٕالا ْع َر‬ ‫اب ال َف ْر ِع َّي ُة‬
ُ ‫ِٕالا ْع َر‬ ‫اب ال َّت ْق ِدي ِر َّيـ ُة‬
ُ ‫ِٕالا ْع َر‬
• ‫الض َّم ُة‬
َّ for ‫َم ْرفُو ٌع‬ These are declinable For some declinable
nouns, but they nouns, their endings
The nouns which are non-declinable or
declinable with secondary or latent endings
• ‫ الْ َف ْت َح ُة‬for ‫وب‬ٌ ‫َم ْن ُص‬ decline with non- are hidden and are
primary endings. estimated according
are exceptions and are described in more • ‫ الْ َك ْس َر ُة‬for ‫َم ْج ُرو ٌر‬ to their function.
detail in the subsequent pages.

Non-Declinable ‫َم ْب ِن ٌّي‬
Noun ‫اسم‬
Non-Declinable ‫َم ْبنِ ٌّي‬ Declinable ‫ب‬

ٌ ‫ُم ْع َر‬
ِ ِ ِ
،‫ م ِّني‬،‫ ك َتا ُب َها‬،‫ ن َْح ُن‬،‫ َٔانْت‬،‫ُه َو‬
1 Pronouns
Primary َ ‫ َي ْذ‬،‫ َذ َه ْب ُت ْم‬، َ‫نَّك‬Secondary
‫ه ُبو َن‬Endings ِ‫ٕا‬ Endings Latent Endings
‫الض َمائ ِ ُر‬
َّ
ُ ‫ِٕالا ْع َر‬ ‫اب ال َف ْر ِع َّي ُة‬ ‫ال َّت ْق ِدي ِر‬two
ُ ‫ ِٕالا ْع َر‬The dual forms in‫ َّيـ ُة‬these ‫اب‬ ‫ِٕالا ْع َر‬
ُ cases
2 ،‫ َه ُؤ َلا ِء‬، َ‫ تِ ْلك‬، َ‫ َذالِك‬،‫ َه ِذ ِه‬،‫َه َذا‬
‫ َم ْب ِن ٌّي‬and are fully
Demonstrative Pronouns
‫َٔا ْس َم ُاء ِٕالاشَ ا َر ِة‬ are not
َ‫ُٔاول ٰ ِئك‬ declinable. E.g, ‫ان‬ ِ ‫ َها َت‬،‫َه َذ ِان‬
3 Relative Pronouns
‫الا َٔ ْس َم ُاء ال َم ْو ُصولَ ُة‬ َ ‫ الَّ ِذ‬،‫ الَّ ِتي‬،‫الَّ ِذي‬
‫ين‬ ‫ اللَّ َت ِان‬،‫ اللَّ َذ ِان‬are declinable.
4 Interrogative Nouns
ِ‫َٔا ْس َم ُاء ِٕالا ْستِ ْف َهام‬ َ ‫ َك ْي‬،‫ َم َتى‬،‫ َما‬،‫ َٔا ْي َن‬،‫َم ْن‬
‫ف‬
5 Some Adverbs
ِ ‫ض ال ُّظ ُر‬
‫وف‬ ُ ‫َب ْع‬
ِ ‫ َٔا ْم‬،‫ َح ْي ُث‬،‫ الا ٓ َن‬،‫إِ َذا‬
‫س‬ In the compound number twelve
( ‫)اِ ْثـ َنا َعشَ َر‬, only the second part is
‫ ٓا ِه‬،‫ف‬ َ ‫ا ِٓم‬
6 Verb-Nouns (Interjections)
‫َٔا ْس َم ُاء الأَف َع ِال‬ ٍّ ‫ ُٔا‬،‫ين‬ ‫ َم ْب ِن ٌّي‬, while the first part is ‫ُم ْع َر ٌب‬
(declinable); i.e.,
7 Compound Numbers
‫الا َٔ ْعدَا ُد ال ُم َركَّ َب ُة‬ ‫ الثَّالِ َث َعشَ َر‬،‫ تِ ْس َع َة َعشَ َر‬،‫َٔا َح َد َعشَ َر‬ ‫ُم ْع َر ٌب اِ ْثـ َنا‬
‫َم ْب ِن ٌّي َعشَ َر‬
‫ال َف ْر ِع َّي ُة ‪Secondary Endings -‬‬ ‫ِٕالا ْع َر ُ‬
‫اب‬
‫‪Key:‬‬ ‫‪Noun‬‬ ‫اسم‬
‫‪Primary Ending‬‬
‫‪Secondary Ending‬‬
‫‪Non-Declinable‬‬ ‫َم ْبنِ ٌّي‬ ‫‪Declinable‬‬ ‫ُم ْع َر ٌب‬
‫‪Primary Endings‬‬ ‫‪Secondary Endings‬‬ ‫‪Latent Endings‬‬

‫َعلَا َم ُة الْ َج ِّر‬ ‫َعلَا َم ُة ال َّن ْص ِب‬ ‫ص َّرلِ َّْيف ُِةع‬
‫ابلَا َمال ُةا َٔ ْال‬
‫ِٕالا ْع َر َ ُع‬ ‫اب ال َف ْر ِع َّي ُة‬
‫ِٕالا ْع َر ُ‬ ‫اب ال َّت ْق ِدي ِر َّي ُة‬
‫ِٕالا ْع َر ُ‬
‫الْ َك ْس َر ُة‬ ‫الْ َك ْس َر ُة‬ ‫الض َّم ُة‬

‫َّ‬ ‫‪Sound Feminine Plural‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫ات‬‫َسلَّ ْم ُت َعلَى الطَّالِ َب ِ‬ ‫َر َٔا ْي ُت ال َّطالِ َبا ِت‬ ‫َج َاء ِت الطَّالِ َب ُ‬
‫ات‬ ‫السالِ ِم‬
‫َج ْم ُع الْ ُم َؤن َِّث َّ‬
‫ا ْل َف ْت َح ُة‬ ‫الْ َف ْت َح ُة‬ ‫الض َّم ُة‬‫َّ‬ ‫‪Diptote‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫َسلَّ ْم ُت َعلَى إِ ْب َرا ِهي َم‬ ‫َر َٔا ْي ُت إِ ْب َرا ِهي َم‬ ‫َج َاء إِ ْب َرا ِهي ُم‬ ‫الْ َم ْم ُنو ُع ِم َن َّ‬
‫الص ْر ِف‬
‫‪Only when they‬‬
‫الْ َي ُاء‬ ‫ف‬‫ا ْلأَلِ ُ‬ ‫الْ َو ُاو‬ ‫‪Five (Special) Nouns‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪are‬‬ ‫اف‬
‫‪ُ to‬م َض ٌ‬
‫َسلَّ ْم ُت َعلَى َٔابِـي َح ِام ٍد‬ ‫َر َٔا ْي ُت َٔا َبا َح ِام ٍد‬ ‫َج َاء َٔا ُبو َح ِام ٍد‬ ‫ا ْلا َٔ ْس َم ُاء الْ َخ ْم َس ُة‬ ‫‪anything other‬‬
‫‪than‬‬ ‫َي ُاء الْ ُم َت َكلِّ ِم‬
‫الْ َي ُاء‬ ‫الْ َي ُاء‬ ‫الْ َو ُاو‬ ‫‪Sound masculine Plural 4‬‬
‫َسلَّ ْم ُت َعلَى الْ ُم َد ِّر ِسيـ َن‬ ‫َر َٔا ْي ُت الْ ُم َد ِّر ِسيـ َن‬ ‫َج َاء الْ ُم َد ِّر ُسو َن‬ ‫السالِ ِم‬
‫َج ْم ُع الْ ُم َذكَّ ِر َّ‬
‫الْ َي ُاء‬ ‫الْ َي ُاء‬ ‫ف‬‫ا ْلأَلِ ُ‬ ‫‪Dual‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫َسلَّ ْم ُت َعلَى الْ َوالِ َد ْيـنِ‬ ‫َر َٔا ْي ُت الْ َوالِ َد ْيـنِ‬ ‫َج َاء الْ َوالِ َدا ِن‬ ‫الْ ُم َثـ َّنى‬
‫ال َّت ْق ِدي ِر َّيـ ُة ‪Latent Endings -‬‬ ‫ِٕالا ْع َر ُ‬
‫اب‬
‫‪Key:‬‬ ‫‪Noun‬‬ ‫اسم‬
‫‪Primary Ending‬‬
‫‪Latent Ending‬‬
‫‪Non-Declinable‬‬ ‫َم ْبنِ ٌّي‬ ‫‪Declinable‬‬ ‫ُم ْع َر ٌب‬
‫ـُ‬
‫‪The latent (estimated) ending is‬‬
‫‪shown in the cloud label‬‬
‫‪Primary Endings‬‬ ‫‪Secondary Endings‬‬ ‫‪Latent Endings‬‬
‫َعلَا َم ُة الْ َج ِّر‬ ‫الا ْف ْعِع َر ُ‬
‫اب الا َٔ ْصلِ َّي ُة َعلَا َم ُة ال َّن ْص ِب‬ ‫اب ال َف ْر ِع َّي ُة َعلَا َم ُة ال ِٕ َّر‬
‫ِٕالا ْع َر ُ‬ ‫اب ال َّت ْق ِدي ِر َّيـ ُة‬
‫ِٕالا ْع َر ُ‬
‫ـِ‬ ‫الْ َك ْس َر ُة الْ ُم َق َّد َر ُة‬ ‫الْ َف ْت َح ُة الْ ُم َق َّد َر ُة‬ ‫الض َّم ُة الْ ُم َق َّد َر ُة‬
‫َّ‬ ‫‪The Maqsûr‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫َـ‬ ‫ُـ‬ ‫الْ َم ْق ُصو ُر‬
‫َسلَّ ْم ُت َعلَى الْ َف َتى‬ ‫َر َٔا ْي ُت الْ َف َتى‬ ‫َج َاء الْ َف َتى‬
‫ـِ‬ ‫ا ْل َك ْس َر ُة ا ْل ُم َق َّد َر ُة‬ ‫الْ َف ْت َح ُة‬ ‫الض َّم ُة الْ ُم َق َّد َر ُة‬‫َّ‬ ‫‪The Manqûs‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫َسلَّ ْم ُت َعلَى الْق ِ‬
‫َاضي‬ ‫َاض َي‬ ‫َر َٔا ْي ُت الْق ِ‬ ‫ـُ‬ ‫َاضي‬ ‫َج َاء الْق ِ‬ ‫الْ َم ْنق ُ‬
‫ُوص‬
‫‪Mudâf of the Ist Person‬‬
‫ـِ‬ ‫ا ْل َك ْس َر ُة ا ْل ُم َق َّد َر ُة‬ ‫ْ َ ُ ْ َ َّ‬
‫الف ْت َحة ال ُمقد َر ُة َـ‬ ‫الض َّم ُة الْ ُم َق َّد َر ُة‬ ‫َّ‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫ـُ‬ ‫‪Singular Pronoun‬‬
‫َسلَّ ْم ُت َعلَى ُٔا ْس َتـا ِذي‬ ‫َر َٔا ْي ُت ُٔا ْس َتـا ِذي‬ ‫َج َاء ُٔا ْس َتـا ِذي‬ ‫اف إِلَى َيا ِء ال ُم َت َكلِّ ِم‬
‫الْ ُم َض ُ‬
‫الأُنْـ َثى ‪ It is a noun ending in a long â, e.g.,‬ا‪:‬الْ َم ْق ُ‬

‫صو ُر – ‪The Maqsûr‬‬ ‫الصفَا‪ ،‬الْ َف َتى‪ ،‬الْ ُم ْس َتشْ فَى‪،‬‬
‫الْ َع َصا‪َّ ،‬‬
‫‪: It is a noun ending in an original yâ and the letter before the yâ has a‬االْ َم ْنق ُ‬
‫ُوص – ‪The Manqûs‬‬
‫الْ َوا ِدي ‪kasrah e.g.,‬‬ ‫َاضي‪ ،‬الْ ُم َح ِامي‪،‬‬
‫الْق ِ‬

Summary - Noun Declensions and Non-Declensions
Noun ‫اسم‬
Non-Declinable ‫َم ْبنِ ٌّي‬ Declinable ‫ُم ْع َر ٌب‬
Pronouns
Primary Endings Secondary Endings Latent Endings
‫الض َمائ ِ ُر‬
َّ
ُ ‫ِٕالا ْع َر‬ ‫اب ال َف ْر ِع َّي ُة‬
ُ ‫ِٕالا ْع َر‬ ‫اب ال َّت ْق ِدي ِر َّيـ ُة‬
ُ ‫ِٕالا ْع َر‬
Demonstrative Pronouns
‫َٔا ْس َم ُاء ِٕالاشَ ا َر ِة‬ Sound Feminine Plural The Maqsûr
Majority of Arabic nouns
Relative Pronouns belong to this category. ‫السالِ ِم‬
َّ ‫َج ْم ُع الْ ُم َؤن َِّث‬ ‫الْ َم ْق ُصو ُر‬
‫الا َٔ ْس َم ُاء ال َم ْو ُصولَ ُة‬ Their endings are
considered primary (or Diptote The Manqûs
Interrogative Nouns
َّ ‫الْ َم ْم ُنو ُع ِم َن‬
‫الص ْر ِف‬ ُ ‫الْ َم ْنق‬
‫ُوص‬
original) as they define
ِ‫َٔا ْس َم ُاء ِٕالا ْستِ ْف َهام‬ the basic rules of noun
declension. These Mudâf of the Ist Person
Some Adverbs Five (Special) Nouns
endings are: Singular Pronoun
ِ ‫ض ال ُّظ ُر‬
‫وف‬ ُ ‫َب ْع‬ ‫ا ْلا َٔ ْس َم ُاء الْ َخ ْم َس ُة‬ ‫اف إِلَى َيا ِء ال ُم َت َكلِّ ِم‬
ُ ‫الْ ُم َض‬
Verb-Nouns ‫الض َّم ُة‬
َّ for ‫َم ْرفُو ٌع‬ Sound masculine Plural
‫َٔا ْس َم ُاء الا َٔف َع ِال‬
‫ الْ َف ْت َح ُة‬for ‫وب‬
ٌ ‫َم ْن ُص‬ ‫السالِ ِم‬
َّ ‫َج ْم ُع الْ ُم َذكَّ ِر‬
Compound Numbers
‫الا َٔ ْعدَا ُد ال ُم َركَّ َب ُة‬ ‫ الْ َك ْس َر ُة‬for ‫َم ْج ُرو ٌر‬ Dual
‫الْ ُم َثـ َّنى‬
ُ َّ‫الش‬
‫رط‬
And when they hear ill speech, they turn away from it.
(28:55)
﴾٥٥:‫﴿القصص‬ ...‫َوإِ َذا َس ِم ُعوا ٱللَّ ْغ َو َٔا ْع َر ُضوا َع ْن ُه‬
ِ َّ‫اب الش‬ ُ َّ‫الش‬ Instrument of ِ َّ‫َٔا َدا ُة الش‬
‫رط‬
‫رط‬ ُ ‫َج َو‬ ‫رط‬ the Condition
ِ َّ‫اب الش‬ ِ َّ‫الش‬

In this example ‫ إِذا‬is ‫رط‬ ‫َٔا َدا ُة‬
Answer to the
‫رط‬ ُ ‫َج َو‬ ِ َّ‫ َٔا َدا ُة الش‬signifies a ‫رط‬
Condition
‫رط‬ ٌ َ‫ش‬
‫إِ َذا َس ِم ُعوا ٱللَّ ْغ َو َٔا ْع َر ُضوا َع ْن ُه‬

In this example ‫ َٔا ْع َر ُضوا َعن ُه‬is ‫اب‬
ُ ‫َج َو‬ (conditional clause), and there are
ِ َّ‫الش‬
‫رط‬ ِ َّ‫ات الش‬
many ‫رط‬ ُ ‫( َٔا َد َو‬instruments of
ِ َّ‫اب الش‬
‫رط‬ ُ ‫ َج َو‬can be a nominal or condition)
verbal sentence.
Verb of the
Condition
ِ َّ‫ِفع ُل الش‬
‫رط‬ ِ َّ‫الش‬
Generally ‫رط‬ ‫ َٔا َدا ُة‬belongs to one
ِ َّ‫ َٔا َدا ُة الش‬is ‫جازِ ٌم‬,
If ‫رط‬ َ than ‫ُم َضارِ ٌع‬ ‫فِع ٌل‬ ِ َّ‫فِع ُل الش‬
of two categories:
In this example ‫ َس ِم ُعوا‬is ‫رط‬ o ‫جازِ ٌم‬
َ : Ones, which change the
will become ‫َمج ُزو ٌم‬
‫رط‬ِ َّ‫ فِع ُل الش‬will always be ‫ض‬ ٍ ‫فِع ٌل َما‬ verb in ‫رط‬ ِ َّ‫الش‬
ُ َّ‫ الش‬and ‫رط‬ ‫اب‬
ِ َّ‫الش‬
‫رط‬ ‫اب‬
ُ ‫ َج َو‬is prefixed with a < ‫>فـ‬, ُ ‫ َج َو‬,
if it meets certain conditions. E.g., if
or ‫ع‬ ٌ ِ‫فِع ٌل ُم َضار‬ to ‫َمج ُزو ٌم‬
it is a nominal sentence or there is If ‫رط‬ َ than ‫فِع ٌل‬
ِ َّ‫ َٔا َدا ُة الش‬is ‫جازِ ٌم‬, o ‫جازِ ٍم‬ َ ‫ غ َُير‬: Ones, which do not
‫ َطـ َل ٌب‬in it. For a complete list, see ‫ ُم َضارِ ٌع‬will become ‫َمج ُزو ٌم‬ change the verbs in ‫رط‬ ُ َّ‫ الش‬and
subsequent pages
ِ َّ‫اب الش‬ ِ َّ‫اب الش‬
‫رط‬ ُ ‫ َج َو‬, to ‫ َمج ُزو ٌم‬. ‫إِذا‬
If ‫رط‬ ُ ‫ َج َو‬is prefixed with a < ‫>فـ‬ belongs to this group
‫ فِع ٌل‬is not made ‫ َمج ُزو ٌم‬,
ٌ ِ‫ُم َضار‬
the ‫ع‬ (‫( َٔا َم ٌر )فِع ُل َٔام ٍر أَو َلا ُم َٔام ٍر‬١ ِ َّ‫ َٔا َدا ُة الش‬changes the meaning of
‫رط‬
even if the ‫رط‬ِ َّ‫ َٔا َدا ُة الش‬is ‫َجازِ ٌم‬ (‫( نَ ِهى ) َلا النَّا ِه َّي ُة‬٢ ُ َّ‫ الش‬and ‫رط‬ ِ َّ‫اب الش‬
‫رط‬ ُ ‫ َج َو‬to future,
َ ِ‫( إِست‬٣
‫فها ٌم‬ even if the verbs are ‫ض‬ ٍ ‫فِع ٌل َما‬
See subsequent pages for more details

ِ َّ‫ات الش‬
Instruments of Condition - ‫رط‬ ُ ‫َٔا َد َو‬
ِ َّ‫الش‬
Two categories of ‫رط‬ ُ ‫َٔا َد َو‬
‫ات‬
“When Our verses are
recited to him, he says,
۱ Neither of the two verbs
‫َغ ُير َجا ِز ٍم‬
"Legends of the former
peoples."” (68:15)
َ ِ‫إِ َذا تُ ْت َلى ٰ َع َل ْي ِه ٓا َياتُ َنا َقا َل َٔا َس ِاط ُير ا ْلا َٔ َّول‬
‫ين‬ ‫إِ َذا‬ ُ َّ‫ فِع ُل الش‬or ‫رط‬
(‫رط‬ ِ َّ‫اب الش‬
ُ ‫ ) َج َو‬is
﴾١٥:‫﴿القلم‬ made ‫َمج ُزو ٌم‬
If, When
۲ ُ َّ‫الش‬
Both the verbs (‫رط‬ ‫فِع ُل‬
If you go,
I (will) go ‫إِن َتذ َه ْب َٔاذ َه ْب‬ ‫إِن‬ ‫َجا ِز ٌم‬ ِ َّ‫الش‬
and ‫رط‬ ‫اب‬
ُ ‫ ) َج َو‬are made
If ‫ َمج ُزو ٌم‬.
‫َمج ُزو ٌم‬
‫َمن‬ ‫َٔا ُّي‬
ِ‫( َتج ِز ُم فِع َلين‬It makes two
Whoever Whichever
verbs ‫) َمج ُزو ٌم‬
‫َما‬ ‫أَي َن َما‬/‫ين‬
َ ‫َٔا‬
َ ‫شر ْب َٔا‬
‫شر ْب‬ َ ‫َما َت‬
Whatever you
drink, I (will) drink
Whatever Wherever
‫َمج ُزو ٌم‬ ‫َم َتى‬ ‫َمه َما‬

Whenever Whatever

ِ َّ‫ات الش‬
Instruments of Condition - ‫رط‬ ُ ‫َٔا َد َو‬
When Ramadan
comes, doors of the
Paradise are opened
‫الج َّن ِة‬
َ ‫اب‬ُ ‫إِ َذا َج َاء َر َم َضا ُن فُ ِت َح ْت َٔاب َو‬ ‫إِ َذا‬ ‫َغ ُير َجازِ ٍم‬
“if you support Allah, He will

ِ‫َتج ِز ُم ِفع َلين‬
support you and plant firmly
your feet” (47:7) ﴾٧:‫﴿محمد‬ ‫نص ْركُ ْم َو ُي َثـ ِّب ْت َٔا ْقدَا َم ُك ْم‬
ُ ‫نص ُروا اللَّـ َه َي‬
ُ ‫إِ ْن َت‬
‫إِن‬ ‫َجازِ ٌم‬ Whenever you travel,
I (will) travel
“Whoever does an atom’s weight of
good, shall see it” (99:7)﴾٧:‫﴿الزلزلة‬ ‫َف َم ْن َيع َم ْل ِمثقَا َل َذ َّر ٍة َخ ًيرا َي َر ُه‬ ِ ‫َم َتى تُ َس ِافـ ْر ُٔا‬
‫َمن‬ ‫َم َتى‬ ‫سافـ ْر‬
“And whatever good you do, Allah
‫َو َما َت ْف َعلُوا ِم ْن َخ ْي ٍر َي ْع َل ْم ُه اللَّـ ُه‬ ‫َما‬ ‫ َٔاي َن َما‬/‫َٔا َين‬ Wherever you stay, I
knows it” (2:197) ﴾١٩٧:‫﴿البقرة‬ (will) stay (there)
‫َٔا ُّي‬ ‫َمه َما‬
‫ين َتس ُك ْن َٔاس ُك ْن‬
َ ‫َٔا‬
Whichever dictionary we find
in the bookshop, we will buy it
‫عج ٍم ن َِج ْد ُه ِفي ال َمك َت َب ِة نَش َتـ ِر ِه‬
َ ‫َٔا َّي ُم‬
Whatever you say,
we believe you
َ‫َمه َما َت ُق ْل ن َُص ِّد ْقك‬
‫َمج ُزو ٌم‬

‫رط‬ ِ ‫ُد ُخو ُل الفَا ِء َع َلى َج َو‬
‫رط‬ ُ ‫ َج َو‬should be preceded with ‫ َفـ‬, if it meets certain conditions.
For example, if ‫رط‬ ِ َّ‫اب الش‬
ُ ‫ َج َو‬is a ‫ ُجم َل ٌة إِس ِم َّي ٌة‬, it will be preceded with a ‫فَـ‬
‫رط‬ ُ ‫َج َو‬ ُ َّ‫الش‬
‫رط‬
ٌ ‫َوإِ َذا َسأَلَكَ ِع َبا ِدي َع ِّني َفـــ ِٕانِّي َقر‬

“And if My slave asks you
about Me, than surely I am
near (2:186)”﴾١٨٦:‫﴿البقرة‬ ‫ِيب‬
ِ َّ‫الش‬
Also, if ‫رط‬ َ ‫ إِس ِت‬،‫ نَ ِهي‬،‫) َٔا َم ٌر‬, it will be preceded with a ‫َفـ‬
ُ ‫ َج َو‬contains a ‫فها ٌم( َط َل ٌب‬
‫اب‬
‫رط‬ ُ ‫َج َو‬ ُ َّ‫الش‬
‫رط‬
If I see Bilal, what should

I tell him
‫يت بِلَا ًلا َفــ َما َذا َٔاقُو ُل لَ ُه ؟‬
ُ ‫ٕاِ َذا َر َٔا‬
ِ َّ‫الش‬
There are other conditions which require ‫رط‬ ‫اب‬
ُ ‫ َج َو‬to be preceded
with ‫ َفـ‬. These are described in subsequent pages.
‫رط‬ ِ َّ‫اب الش‬
ُ ‫ َج َو‬should be preceded with ‫ َفـ‬, if it (‫رط‬ ُ ‫ ) َج َو‬meets one of the following conditions:
“Whoever obeys Allah and His
messenger, has indeed achieved
a great success” (33:71) ﴾٧١:‫﴿الأحزاب‬ ‫َو َمن ُي ِط ْع اللَّ َه َو َر ُسو َل ُه َفـــقَد َفا َز َفو ًزا َع ِظي ًما‬
Whoever deceives us, is not
one of us
‫ُجم َل ٌة إِس ِم َّي ٌة‬

If you travel, I will (also)
travel ‫َسـ‬ ‫َق ْد‬ ‫يس ِم َّنا‬
َ ‫َمن َغشَّ َنا َفـــ َل‬
‫إِن تُ َس ِاف ْر َفــ َسـأُ َس ِاف ُر‬
‫وف‬
َ ‫َس‬ ‫َكأَنَّ َما‬ ‫ِفع ٌل َج ِام ٌد‬ If you see Hamid, ask him
about the time of departure
Whatever the circumstances be, I do not
lie ‫َما ال َّن ِاف َّي ُة‬ ‫لَن‬ ‫َط َلـ ِبـ َّيـ ٌة‬ ‫يت َح ِامدًا َفـــسأَلْــ ُه‬
َ ‫إِ َذا َر َٔا‬
‫وف َفــ َما َٔاك ِذ ُب‬
ُ ‫َمه َما َت ُكن ال ُّظ ُر‬ ِ ‫َعن َم‬
َّ ‫وع ِد‬
‫السف ِر‬
َ ‫َٔام ٌر َن ِهي إِس ِت‬
‫فها ٌم‬
Whoever puts on silk (dress) in this world, will not put it on in the If you find the patient sleeping, don’t wake him up
‫الحر َِير ِفي الد َُّنيا َفــ َل ْن َي َلب َس ُه ِفي الا ٓ ِخ َر ِة‬
Hereafter
َ ‫س‬ َ ‫َمن لَ ِب‬ ‫ِيضا نَائِ ًما َفـــلَا تُ ِوق ْظ ُه‬ َ ‫إِ َذا َو َج‬
ً ‫دت َمر‬
‫ ِفع ٌل َج ِام ٌد‬is a verb having only one form, e.g. ‫ َع َسى‬،‫يس‬
َ َ‫ل‬. These have no ‫ ُم َضارِ ٌع‬or ‫َٔا َم ٌر‬
ِ َّ‫الش‬
Once ‫رط‬ ‫اب‬ ِ َّ‫ َٔا َدا ُة الش‬is ‫َجا ِز ٌم‬
ُ ‫ َج َو‬is preceded with ‫ َفـ‬, its verb will not be ‫ َمج ُزو ٌم‬even if ‫رط‬
‫َمرفُو ٌع‬ ‫َمج ُزو ٌم‬ ِ‫ َتجـ ِز ُم ِفع َلين‬،‫ َجا ِز ٌم‬،‫رط‬
ِ َّ‫َٔا َدا ُة الش‬
If you travel, I will (also) travel ‫إِن تُ َسا ِف ْر َفــ َسـأُ َسا ِف ُر‬
ِ َّ‫الش‬
In this case, the whole ‫رط‬ ُ ‫ َج َو‬is said to be ‫ِفي َم َح ِّل َجز ٍم‬
‫اب‬
If, in the above example, ‫سـ‬was not used in the ‫رط‬ ِ َّ‫اب الش‬
ُ ‫ َج َو‬, it will cause ‫ َفـ‬to be dropped, which
will result in the verb in ِ َّ‫اب الش‬
‫رط‬ ُ ‫ َج َو‬to be ‫ َمج ُزو ٌم‬, as shown below:
‫ َتجـ ِز ُم ِفع َلينِ َمج ُزو ٌم َمج ُزو ٌم‬،‫ َجا ِز ٌم‬،‫رط‬
ِ َّ‫َٔا َدا ُة الش‬
If you travel, I (will also) travel ‫إِن تُ َسا ِف ْر ُٔا َسا ِف ْر‬

The Absolute Object – ‫ال َمف ُعو ُل ال ُمط َل ُق‬
Bilal beat me
a beating ‫َض َر َب ِني بِلَا ٌل َض ْر ًبا‬
‫ ال َمف ُعو ُل ال ُمط َل ُق‬is a ‫ َمصدَر‬of the verb occurring in the sentence used along with the
verb, for the sake of emphasis. It is always ‫وب‬ ٌ ‫نص‬
ُ ‫ َم‬.
ُ ‫ال ُمط َل‬

Four Uses of ‫ق‬ ‫ال َمف ُعو ُل‬
‫لِ َتأ ْ ِكي ِد ال َم ْع َنى‬
The book was printed And Allah spoke to Mûsâ
twice
‫لِ َب َي ِان ال َع َد ِد‬ directly ﴾١٦٤:‫﴿النساء‬
ِ‫اب َطب َع َتين‬ ِ ‫طُ ِبـ َع‬

ُ ‫الك َت‬ ‫وسى َتك ِلي ًما‬
َ ‫َو َكلَّ َم اللَّ ُه ُم‬
To specify the To emphasize the
number meaning
I thank
‫ال َمص َد ُر ال َّنائِ ُب‬
He died the death of
Here the ‫ َمصدَر‬is you
‫لِ َب َي ِان ال َّنو ِع‬ martyrs
a substitute for ‫كرا‬

ً ُ‫ش‬ ‫َعن ِفع ِل ِه‬ ‫وت الشُّ َهدَا ِء‬
َ ‫ات َم‬
َ ‫َم‬
the verb ‫ َٔاش ُك ُر‬, To specify the type
of action
As a substitute for
which is omitted its verb
In this case, only the ‫ َمصدَر‬is used and the verb is omitted
Deputies of the Masdar – ‫َاب َع ِن ال َمص َد ِر‬
َ ‫َما ن‬
The following words deputize for ‫ َمصدَر‬and are therefore ‫وب‬
ٌ ‫نص‬
ُ ‫ َم‬. These are grammatically
ُ ‫ال ُمط َل‬
regarded as ‫ق‬ ‫ال َمف ُعو ُل‬.
۲ ‫ع َدده‬ ۱
ُُ َ ‫عض َو َٔا ُّي ُم َضا َف ًة إِلَى ال َمص َد ِر‬
Flog them eighty stripes
ُ ‫كُ ُّل َو َب‬
I know him fully well
﴾٤:‫﴿النور‬
A number with the َ ِ‫َٔاع ِرفُ ُه كُ َّل ال َمع ِر َف ِة َفاج ِلدُو ُهم َث َمان‬
‫ين َجل َد ًة‬ Words ‫ أَ ُّي‬،‫عض‬
ُ ‫ َب‬،‫ كُ ُّل‬with the ‫ َمصدَر‬as their
‫ َمصدَر‬as its ‫َتميِيز‬
‫اف إِلَي ِه‬
ٌ ‫ُم َض‬
٤ ِ‫ اِسم المص َدر‬Hewords
spoke to me harsh
َ
‫صف ُت ُه‬ِ ۳
َ ُ ‫َكلَّ َم ِني َكلَا ًما شَ ِديدًا‬ This is for
I understood the
lesson very well
‫َّرس فَه ًما َج ِّيدًا‬ ُ ‫َف ِه‬

َ ‫مت الد‬ ‫َّرس َج ِّيدًا‬ ُ ‫َف ِه‬
َ ‫مت الد‬ An adjective of
Do you accord me this kind of the ‫ َمصدَر‬, which
٦ reception? itself is omitted
‫َٔا َتس َتق ِبلُ ِني َه َذا ِٕالاستِ َقبا َل؟ اِس ُم ِٕالاشَ ا َر ِة‬ And you love wealth with an
abounding love ﴾٢٠:‫﴿الفجر‬
ِ ‫ َمص َد ٌر ُيل َِاقي ِه ِفي ِالاش ِتق‬٥
‫َاق‬
A demonstrative pronoun ‫َوتُ ِح ُّبو َن ال َما َل ُح ًّبا َج ًّما‬
with the ‫ َمصدَر‬as its ‫َبدَل‬ The cognate ‫َمصدَر‬
٨ ِ I lived a happy life I worked hard in a way nobody else did

ِ َ ِ ِ ٧
‫ُم َرادفُ ُه‬ ‫دت اِج ِت َها ًدا لَم َيج َت ِه ْد ُه َغيرِي‬
ُ ‫اِج َت َه‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ل‬ِ ٕ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬
ُ ‫ئ‬‫ا‬‫ع‬ ‫ال‬
َ ُُ‫ه‬ ‫ير‬ ‫م‬ ‫ض‬
َ
ُ ‫ِع‬
‫شت َح َيا ًة َس ِعي َد ًة‬
A synonym of A pronoun referring
the ‫َمصدَر‬ See subsequent pages for more on these topics to the ‫َمصدَر‬
ِ ‫َمص َد ٌر ُيلَا ِقي ِه** ِفي ِالاش ِتق‬
The Cognate Masdar – ‫َاق‬
* ***
A cognate masdar is one which is not the masdar of the verb used in the sentence, but it is
related to the verb in its common root. The following two situations apply:
‫ال َمص َد ُر‬ ‫ال ِفع ُل‬ ۲ ‫ال َمص َد ُر‬ ‫ال ِفع ُل‬ ۱
‫ثُلَاثِ ٌّي َمزِي ٌد ِفي ِه‬ ‫ثُلَاثِ ٌّي َمزِي ٌد ِفي ِه‬ ‫ثُلَاثِ ٌّي ُم َج َّر ٌد‬ ‫ثُلَاثِ ٌّي َمزِي ٌد ِفي ِه‬
From two different forms
And devote yourself to Him with And you love wealth with an
complete devotion abounding love ﴾٢٠:‫﴿الفجر‬
﴾٨:‫﴿المزمل‬ ‫َو َت َـبـ َّتـ ْل إِلَي ِه َتـبـ ِتـيـلًا‬ ‫َوتُ ِح ُّبو َن ال َما َل ُح ًّبا َج ًّما‬
‫ َبـ َّتـ َل ُي َـبـ ِّتـ ُل‬Form II ‫ َت َـبـ َّتـ َل َيـ َت َـبـ َّتـ ُل‬Form V ‫ َٔا َح َّب ُي ِح ُّب )ثُلَاثِ ٌّي ُم َج َّر ٌد( َح َّب َي ِح ُّب‬Form IV
Masdar: ‫ل‬ ٌ ‫َتـ ْبـ ِتـ ْيـ‬ Masdar: ‫ل‬ ٌ ‫َت َـبـ ُّتـ‬ Masdar: ‫ب‬ ٌّ ‫ُح‬ Masdar: ‫اب‬ ٌ ‫حب‬َ ِٕ‫ا‬
Root: ‫ب ت ل‬ Root: ‫ب ت ل‬ Root: ‫ح ب ب‬ Root: ‫ح ب ب‬
Common root Common root
* **ِ ***
cog-nate - \ˈkäg-ˌnāt\ : word related to another by common root ‫( َلا َقى ُيلَاقي‬Form III): To meet ‫ اِشتِقَا ٌق‬: Derivation
ِ‫اِس ُم ال َمص َدر‬
It is a word that has the same meaning as the masdar but has fewer letters than the masdar. Every
verb has a masdar. But in the derived forms of verbs, i.e. ‫د ِفي ِه‬
ٌ ‫ َمزِي‬, there could be ‫ اِس ُم ال َمص َد ِر‬along
with the regular masdar. Mostly Form II has ‫ال َمص َد ِر‬ ‫ اِس ُم‬on the pattern of ‫ َف َعا ٌل‬along with its
ٌ ‫ َتـ ْفـ ِعـ ْيـ‬.
regular masdar on the pattern of ‫ل‬
ِ‫اِس ُم ال َمص َدر‬ ‫ال َمص َد ُر‬ ‫ال ِفع ُل‬

‫َسلَا ٌم‬ ‫َت ْسلِ ْي ٌم‬ ‫َسلَّ َم ُي َسلِّ ُم‬
‫َٔا َذا ٌن‬ ‫َتأْ ِذي ٌن‬ ‫َٔا َّذ َن ُيـ َؤ ِّذ ُن‬
‫َو َدا ٌع‬ ‫َت ْو ِدي ٌع‬ ‫َو َّد َع ُي َو ِّد ُع‬
ِ ‫َعلَى َو‬
‫زن َفـ َعال‬ ‫َطلَا ٌق‬ ‫َت ْطلِـ ْي ٌق‬ ‫َطـلَّـ َق ُي َطـلِّـ ُق‬
‫َكلَا ٌم‬ ‫َت ْكلِي ٌم‬ ‫كَـلَّ َم ُي َكـلِّ ُم‬ Form II
‫َمـ َتـا ٌع‬ ‫َت ْمـ ِتـي ْــ ٌع‬ ‫َمـ َّتـ َع ُيـ َمـ ِّتـ ُع‬
‫َصلَا ٌة‬ ‫َت ْصلِ َي ٌة‬ ‫َصلَّى ُي َصلِّي‬
ِ ‫َعلَى َو‬
‫زن فُـ ْعـ َلـة‬ ‫قُـ ْبـ َل ٌة‬ ‫َتـ ْقبِيـ ٌل‬ ‫َقـ َّبـ َل ُيـقَـ ِّب ُل‬
‫زن فُـ ُعول‬ ِ ‫َعلَى َو‬ ‫وء‬
ٌ ‫ُو ُض‬ ‫َتـ َو ُّضـ ٌؤ‬ ُٔ‫َت َو َّضأَ َيـ َتـ َو َّضا‬ Form V
Number of letters in each word: 4 5

The Oath – ‫َس ُم‬
َ ‫الق‬
One of the important topics in Arabic is the Qasam ‫الق ََس ُم‬: taking an oath to emphasize a point, a matter,
or a statement, etc. It has its own rules.
The following are the instruments of Qasam used to commence an oath:
The word ‫ِقسام‬َ ٕ‫ ا‬is not used frequently. ِ ‫ ُي‬/ ‫قس َم‬
‫ـقس ُم‬ َ ‫َٔا‬
َ ‫ َق‬, which is its ِ‫اس ُم ال َمص َدر‬, is
Instead ‫سم‬ ِ ‫ ُٔا‬۱
‫قس ُم بِـ‬ ‫َف َلا ٓ ُٔا ْق ِس ُم بِـ َر ِّب ٱلْ َمشَ ـٰر ِِق َوٱ ْل َم َغـٰر ِِب‬
used more often. ‫ِقسا ٌم‬
َ ٕ‫ ا‬:‫َمصدَر‬ ﴾٤٠:‫إِنَّا لَ َقـٰ ِد ُرو َن ﴿المعارج‬
‫َو‬ ۲ ‫نسـٰ َن لَ ِفى ُخ ْس ٍر‬

َ ‫َوال َعص ِر إِ َّن ٱ ْل ِٕا‬
These 3 particles are also used to commence an oath and ﴾٢ ‫ـ‬١:‫﴿العصر‬
act as ‫وف َج ٍّر‬
ُ ‫ ُح ُر‬, so the noun after them is ‫جرور‬
ُ ‫ َم‬. They
deputize for the verb ِ ‫ ُٔا‬, which itself is not mentioned
‫قس ُم‬ ‫بِـ‬ ۳ ‫َو َقالُو ۟ا بِــ ِع َّز ِة ِف ْر َع ْو َن إِنَّا لَ َن ْح ُن ٱلْ َغـٰلِ ُبو َن‬
﴾٤٤:‫﴿الشعراء‬
This particle is only used with ‫ الل ه‬and ‫ب‬ ‫َتـ‬ ٤ ... ‫َو َتــٱللَّـ ِه َلا َٔ ِكي َد َّن َٔا ْص َنـٰ َم ُكم‬
ّ ‫َر‬ ﴾٥٧:‫﴿الأنبياء‬
This ‫ َلا‬is not related to the ‫سم‬ ِ ‫ ُٔا‬is used to negate any idea, notion,
َ ‫ َق‬. ‫ َلا‬is by itself. The ‫ َلا‬before the ‫قس ُم‬
thought or opinion in the minds of the listener(s) being addressed. The person initiating an oath uses ‫َلا‬
before the instrument of oath to spell out that the matter is not as you think, but rather it is what he will
َ ‫ َق‬. ( ‫ َلا َوالل ِه‬/ ‫قس ُم بِالل ِه‬
state after taking the ‫سم‬ ِ ‫) َلا ُٔا‬. In the Qur’an, ‫قس ُم بِـ‬
ِ ‫ َلا ُٔا‬has been used 8 times. Even in
everyday conversations, one may hear ‫َوالل ِه‬ ‫َلا‬
‫اب الق ََس ِم‬
ُ ‫َج َو‬
The ‫َس ُم‬ ُ ‫ َج َو‬, which may be ‫الجم َل ُة ِالاس ِم َّي ُة‬
َ ‫ الق‬requires ِ‫اب الق ََسم‬ ُ or ‫الجم َل ُة ال ِفعلِ َّي ُة‬
ُ . ِ‫اب الق ََسم‬
ُ ‫ج َو‬,
َ as a rule, requires
emphasis. There are instruments of emphasis, which one must understand to fully appreciate the power &
force of ِ‫َسم‬ ُ ‫ َج َو‬. We will study the instruments of emphasis on the next few pages, ‫إن شاء اللّه‬
َ ‫اب الق‬

ُ ‫َج َو‬
‫الجم َل ُة ال ِفعلِ َّي ُة‬

ُ ‫الجم َل ُة ِالاس ِم َّي ُة‬
ُ
‫ِفعلُ َها ُم َضارِ ٌع‬ ٍ ‫ِفعلُ َها َما‬

‫ض‬ ‫ال َمن ِف ُّي‬ ‫ال ُم َثب ُت‬
negative positive
No Requires
emphasis emphasis
‫ال َمن ِف ُّي‬ ‫ال ُم َثب ُت‬ ‫ال َمن ِف ُّي‬ ‫ال ُم َثب ُت‬ required
negative positive negative positive
The sentence in ‫م‬

ِ ‫الق ََس‬ ‫اب‬
ُ ‫ َج َو‬can be either
No Requires No Requires
emphasis emphasis emphasis emphasis
required required 1. ‫( ال ُم َثب ُت‬positive) or
2. ‫ي‬ ِ
ُّ ‫( ال َمنف‬negative) . The negative sentence
has particles like ‫ َما‬،‫َلا‬
‫َسم ‪Instruments of Emphasis in‬‬ ‫الجم َل ُة ِالاس ِم َّي ُة ‪َ when it is‬ج َو ُ‬
‫اب الق َ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫َج َو ُ‬
‫َس ِم ‪When‬‬ ‫ِالاس ِم َّي ُة ال ُم َثـبـ َتـ ُة ‪َ is‬ج َو ُ‬

‫اب الق َ‬ ‫الجم َل ُة‬
‫‪ُ , it is emphasized using one of the following‬‬ ‫الجم َل ُة ِالاس ِم َّي ُة‬
‫ُ‬
‫‪three instruments of emphasis‬‬ ‫َُ ِ ِ ُ‬ ‫الجملة الفعل َّية‬
‫ُ‬
‫‪Examples‬‬ ‫‪Instrument of Emphasis‬‬
‫َوالْ ِك َت ِ‬
‫اب الْ ُمبِينِ ‪ .‬إِنَّــا َج َع ْل َنا ُه قُ ْرآنًا َع َربِ ًّيا لَّ َعلَّ ُك ْم‬ ‫‪ ١‬إِ َّن‬ ‫ال ُم َثب ُت‬
‫َت ْع ِقلُو َن ﴿الزخرف‪٢:‬ـ ‪﴾٣‬‬ ‫‪It is used in the Qur’an but less frequently‬‬ ‫‪positive‬‬
‫‪َ ٢‬لا ُم ِالابـتِدَا ِء‬

‫‪Requires‬‬
‫ٱلض َحى ٰ َوٱلَّ ْيلِ إِ َذا َس َجى ٰ ‪...‬‬ ‫َو ُّ‬ ‫‪emphasis‬‬
‫اخ َر ُة َخ ْي ٌر لَّكَ ِم َن ٱ ْلأُولَى ٰ ﴿الضحى‪١:‬ـ ‪﴾٤‬‬ ‫َولَــ ْل َٔـ ِ‬ ‫‪It is used in the Qur’an but less frequently‬‬
‫ال َمن ِف ُّي‬
‫نسـٰ َن لَ ِفى ُخ ْس ٍر ﴿العصر‪١:‬ـ ‪﴾٢‬‬
‫َوال َعص ِر إِ َّن ٱ ْل ِٕا َ‬ ‫‪ ٣‬إِ َّن َواللَّا ُم ال ُم َزح َل َق ُة‬ ‫‪negative‬‬
‫َوٱلَّ ْيلِ إِ َذا َي ْغشَ ى ٰ ‪ ...‬إِ َّن َس ْع َي ُك ْم لَشَ َّتى ٰ ﴿الليل‪١:‬ـ ‪﴾٤‬‬ ‫‪They are used most frequently in the‬‬ ‫‪No‬‬
‫َس ِم ‪Qur’an for‬‬
‫اب الق َ‬
‫‪َ . The combination of‬ج َو ُ‬ ‫‪emphasis‬‬
‫يس َوٱلْ ُق ْر َء ِان ٱلْ َح ِكي ِم إِنَّكَ لَ ِم َن ٱلْ ُم ْر َسلِ َ‬
‫ين ﴿يس‪١:‬ـ ‪﴾٣‬‬ ‫‪ brings greater and‬إِ َّن َواللَّا ُم ال ُم َزح َل َق ُة ٓ‬ ‫‪required‬‬
‫َو َقالُو ۟ا بِــ ِع َّز ِة فِ ْر َع ْو َن إِن َّا لَ َن ْح ُن ٱلْ َغـٰلِ ُبو َن ﴿الشعراء‪﴾٤٤:‬‬ ‫‪stronger emphasis than either 1 or 2,‬‬
‫‪above, used by itself‬‬
‫الجم َل ُة ِالاس ِم َّي ُة‬ ‫ٓن َوٱلْ َق َلمِ َو َما َي ْس ُط ُرو َن‬
‫َس ِم ‪When‬‬ ‫ال َمـنـ ِفـ َّيـ ُة ‪َ is a‬ج َو ُ‬
‫اب الق َ‬ ‫‪ُ ,‬‬
‫‪no emphasis is required‬‬ ‫نت بِنِ ْع َم ِة َر ِّبكَ بِ َم ْج ُن ٍ‬
‫ون ﴿القلم‪١:‬ـ ‪﴾٢‬‬ ‫َمآ َٔا َ‬
‫اب الق ََسم ‪Instruments of Emphasis in‬‬
‫‪َ when it is‬ج َو ُ‬ ‫الجم َل ُة ال ِفع ِل َّي ُة‬
‫ُ‬
‫َج َو ُ‬ ‫َس ِم ‪When‬‬ ‫الجم َل ُة ال ِفعلِ َّي ُة فِعلُ َها َما ٍ‬
‫الق َ‬ ‫اب‬
‫ـت ‪َ is‬ج َو ُ‬
‫ض ُم َثـب ٌ‬ ‫‪ُ , it is emphasized‬‬
‫لَ َق ْد ‪using‬‬
‫‪Examples‬‬
‫الجم َل ُة ِالاس ِم َّي ُة‬
‫‪Instrument of‬‬
‫ُ‬ ‫‪ُ Emphasis‬‬
‫ين ‪...‬‬ ‫ون َوطُورِ ِسينِ َ‬ ‫َوٱل ِّتينِ َوٱل َّز ْي ُت ِ‬ ‫لَ َق ْد‬
‫نسـٰ َن فِ ٓى َٔا ْح َسنِ َت ْقوِي ٍم ﴿التين‪١:‬ـ ‪﴾٤‬‬
‫لَ َق ْد َخ َل ْق َنا ٱ ْل ِٕا َ‬ ‫اب الق ََسمِ‬ ‫لَـ‪:‬اللَّا ُم فِي َج َو ِ‬
‫ِفعلُ َها ُم َضارِ ٌع‬ ‫ِفعلُ َها َما ٍ‬
‫ض‬ ‫ال ُم َثب ُت‬ ‫رف َتح ِقاليقٍ َمن ِف ُّي‬
‫َقد‪َ :‬ح ُ‬
‫‪positive‬‬ ‫‪negative‬‬
‫‪, it means‬لَ َق ْد ‪Please remember when a sentence commences with‬‬
‫‪Requires‬‬ ‫‪No‬‬
‫َسمِ ‪that it is‬‬
‫‪ is latent‬الق ََس ُم ‪َ and‬ج َو ُ‬ ‫‪(present but‬‬
‫‪emphasis‬‬ ‫‪invisible). Here‬‬
‫‪emphasis‬‬
‫ال َمن ِف ُّي‬ ‫ال ُم َثب ُت‬ ‫ال َمن ِف ُّي‬ ‫ال ُم َثب ُت‬ ‫‪are some examples from the Qur’an:‬‬ ‫‪required‬‬
‫‪negative‬‬ ‫‪positive‬‬ ‫‪negative‬‬ ‫‪positive‬‬ ‫ِس بِِۦه نَ ْف ُس ُۥه ۖ َون َْح ُن َٔا ْق َر ُب إِلَ ْي ِه ِم ْن َح ْبلِ‬‫نسـٰ َن َونَ ْعلَ ُم َما تُ َو ْسو ُ‬ ‫َولَ َق ْد َخ َل ْق َنا ٱ ْل ِٕا َ‬
‫‪No‬‬ ‫‪Requires‬‬ ‫‪No‬‬ ‫‪Requires‬‬ ‫ٱلْ َورِي ِد ﴿ق‪﴾١٦:‬‬
‫‪emphasis‬‬ ‫‪emphasis‬‬ ‫‪emphasis‬‬ ‫‪emphasis‬‬
‫‪required‬‬ ‫‪required‬‬
‫ول ٱللَّـ ِه ُٔا ْس َو ٌة َح َس َن ٌة لِّ َمن كَا َن َي ْر ُجو ۟ا ٱللَّـ َه َوٱلْ َي ْو َم ٱلْ َٔـ ِ‬
‫اخ َر‬ ‫لَ َق ْد كَا َن لَ ُك ْم فِى َر ُس ِ‬
‫َو َذك ََر ٱللَّـ َه َكثِ ًيرا ﴿الأحزاب‪﴾٢١:‬‬
‫ٱلض َحى ٰ َوٱلَّ ْي ِل إِ َذا َس َجى ٰ‬
‫َو ُّ‬
‫‪ as‬لَقَد ‪In such cases, i.e. when qasam is latent, we will analyze‬‬
‫َما َو َّد َعكَ َر ُّبكَ َو َما َقلَى ٰ ﴿الضحى‪١:‬ـ ‪﴾٣‬‬
‫لَـ‪َ :‬لا ُم الق ََس ِم لِق ََس ٍم ُم َق َّد ٍر‬
‫ى ﴿النجم‪١:‬ـ ‪﴾٢‬‬ ‫ى َما َض َّل َص ِ‬
‫اح ُب ُك ْم َو َما َغ َو ٰ‬ ‫َوٱل َّن ْجمِ إِ َذا َه َو ٰ‬
‫رف َتح ِقيقٍ‬ ‫َقد‪َ :‬ح ُ‬
‫َسمِ ‪When‬‬
‫الق َ‬ ‫اب‬ ‫الجم َل ُة ال ِفعلِ َّي ُة فِعلُ َها َما ٍ‬
‫ض َمـنـ ِف ٌّـي ‪َ is‬ج َو ُ‬ ‫‪ُ , no emphasis is required‬‬
Instruments of Emphasis in ‫اب الق ََسم‬
ُ ‫ َج َو‬when it is ‫الجم َل ُة ال ِفع ِل َّي ُة‬
ُ
ُ ‫َج َو‬
When ِ‫َسم‬
َ ‫اب الق‬ ٌ ‫فِعلُ َها ُم َضارِ ٌع ُم َثـب‬
ُ ‫ َج َو‬is ‫ـت‬ ‫الجم َل ُة ال ِفعلِ َّي ُة‬
ُ , it is emphasized using one of the
following instruments of emphasis
ُ ‫الجم َل ُة ِالاس ِم َّي ُة‬
ُ
Examples Instrument of Emphasis
... ‫َو َتــٱللَّـ ِه لَــأَ ِكي َد َّن َٔا ْص َنـٰ َم ُكم‬ ‫ َّن‬+ ‫ ِفعل ُم َضارِع‬+ ‫لَـ‬
﴾٥٧:‫﴿الأنبياء‬
‫ِفعلُ َها ُم َضارِ ٌع‬ ٍ ‫ِفعلُ َها َما‬ ‫ ال َمن ِف ُّي‬are used
The lâm is prefixed to a present tense verb and the nûn is
‫ض‬ ‫ ال ُم َثب ُت‬of emphasis
suffixed to it. These two instruments
together when: positive negative
َ ‫َقا َل َفبِ ِع َّزتِكَ لَــأُ ْغ ِو َيــ َّنــ ُه ْم َٔا ْج َم ِع‬
‫ين إِ َّلا‬ 1. The present tense verb denotes futurity and
2.The lâm is not separatedRequires
َ ‫ِع َبا َد َك ِم ْن ُه ُم ٱلْ ُمخْ َل ِص‬
‫ين‬ from the verb No
ِ ‫( َلا ُم َت َل ِّقي الق ََس‬the lâmemphasis
emphasis
This lâm is called ‫م‬
‫ال َمن ِف ُّي‬ ‫ال ُم َثب ُت‬ ‫ال ُم َثب ُت‬ ‫ال َمن ِف ُّي‬ ﴾٨٣ ‫ـ‬٨٢:‫﴿ص‬
of receiving the
required
negative positive positive negative qasam) and the nûn is called ‫كي ِد ال َث ِقي َل ُة‬ ِ ‫نُو ُن ال َّتو‬
No Requires Requires
love you a ًNoَ َ‫لَـأُ ِح ُّبك‬
By Allah, I .‫كثِيرا‬ ‫( َوالل ِه‬١ ‫ ِفعل ُم َضارِع‬+ ‫لَـ‬
emphasis emphasis emphasis emphasis
required
lot
required Only the lâm (‫م‬
ِ ‫الق ََس‬ ‫) َلا ُم َت َل ِّقي‬, prefixed to a present tense
ۙ ‫َو َٔا ْق َس ُمو ۟ا بِٱللَّـ ِه َج ْه َد َٔا ْي َمـٰنِ ِه ْم‬ ... ٰ ‫ٱلض َحى ٰ َوٱلَّ ْيلِ إِ َذا َس َجى‬
ُّ ‫( َو‬٢ verb, is used for emphasis when:
1. Either the present tense verb does not denote futurity or
‫ف ُي ْع ِطيكَ َر ُّبكَ َف َت ْر َض ٰٓى‬ َ ‫َولَ َس ْو‬ 2.The lâm is separated from the verb
﴾٣٨:‫وت ﴿النحل‬ ُ ‫َلا َي ْب َع ُث ٱللَّـ ُه َمن َي ُم‬ ﴾٥ ‫ـ‬١:‫﴿الضحى‬ In both of these cases ‫ن الثَّ ِقيلَ ُة‬
ُ ‫ ال ُّنو‬is not used.
When ‫َس ِم‬
َ ‫الق‬ ُ ‫ َج َو‬is ‫الجم َل ُة‬
‫اب‬ ُ Please remember if the mode of expression, ‫ن‬
َّ +‫ُم َضارِع‬ ‫فِعل‬+‫ لَـ‬e.g. ‫لَــأَ ْم َلا َٔ َّن‬, appears alone
‫ال ِفعلِ َّي ُة فِعلُ َها ُم َضارِ ٌع َمـنـ ِف ٌّـي‬, no then for sure it is ‫م‬ ُ ‫ َج َو‬and the ‫ َق َسم‬is latent (present but invisible).
ِ ‫الق ََس‬
‫اب‬
emphasis is required Here is an example from the Qur’an: ﴾٨٥:‫ين ﴿ص‬ َ ‫لَــأَ ْم َلا َٔ َّن َج َه َّن َم ِمنكَ َو ِم َّمن َتبِ َعكَ ِم ْن ُه ْم َٔا ْج َم ِع‬
‫‪Heavy Duty Nûn‬‬
‫َٔا ْم ٌر‬ ‫ُم َضا ِر ٌع‬
‫ُه َو‬ ‫َي ْذ َه َب َّن‬ ‫َي ْذ َه ُب‬ ‫ُه َو‬

‫ُه َما‬ ‫َي ْذ َه َبا ِّن‬ ‫َي ْذ َه َبا ِن‬ ‫ُه َما‬
‫ُه ْم‬ ‫َي ْذ َه ُب َّن‬ ‫َي ْذ َه ُب ْو َن‬ ‫ُه ْم‬
‫ِه َي‬ ‫َت ْذ َه َب َّن‬ ‫َت ْذ َه ُب‬ ‫ِه َي‬
‫ُه َما‬ ‫َت ْذ َه َبا ِّن‬ ‫َت ْذ َه َبا ِن‬ ‫ُه َما‬
‫ُه َّن‬ ‫َي ْذ َه ْب َنا ِّن‬ ‫َي ْذ َه ْب َن‬ ‫ُه َّن‬
‫َٔانْ َت‬ ‫اِ ْذ َه َب َّن‬ ‫َت ْذ َه َب َّن‬ ‫َت ْذ َه ُب‬ ‫َٔانْ َت‬
‫َٔانْ ُت َما‬ ‫اِ ْذ َه َبا ِّن‬ ‫َت ْذ َه َبا ِّن‬ ‫َت ْذ َه َبا ِن‬ ‫َٔانْ ُت َما‬
‫َٔانْ ُت ْم‬ ‫اِ ْذ َه ُب َّن‬ ‫َت ْذ َه ُب َّن‬ ‫َت ْذ َه ُب ْو َن‬ ‫َٔانْ ُت ْم‬
‫َٔانْ ِت‬ ‫اِ ْذ َه ِب َّن‬ ‫َت ْذ َه ِب َّن‬ ‫َت ْذ َه ِب ْي َن‬ ‫َٔانْ ِت‬
‫َٔانْ ُت َما‬ ‫اِ ْذ َه َبا ِّن‬ ‫َت ْذ َه َبا ِّن‬ ‫َت ْذ َه َبا ِن‬ ‫َٔانْ ُت َما‬
‫َٔانْ ُت َّن‬ ‫اِ ْذ َه ْب َنا ِّن‬ ‫َت ْذ َه ْب َنا ِّن‬ ‫َت ْذ َه ْب َن‬ ‫َٔانْ ُت َّن‬
‫َٔانَا‬ ‫َٔا ْذ َه َب َّن‬ ‫َٔا ْذ َه ُب‬ ‫َٔانَا‬
‫ن َْح ُن‬ ‫نَ ْذ َه َب َّن‬ ‫نَ ْذ َه ُب‬ ‫ن َْح ُن‬
ِ َّ‫اِج ِت َما ُع الق ََس ِم َوالش‬
‫رط‬
ِ َّ‫( اِجتِ َما ُع الق ََس ِم َوالش‬combining the qasam with the shart) is another important grammatical element of the qasam.
‫رط‬
ُ َّ‫الش‬
‫رط‬ ‫س اللُّ َغ َة ال َع َربِ َّي َة َفــ ِٕانِّي ُمس َت ِع ٌّد‬
َ ‫دت َٔان َتد ُر‬
َ ‫إِن َٔا َر‬
Now let us join the ‫ َق َسم‬to this sentence by adding ‫َوالل ِه‬ ‫س اللُّ َغ َة ال َع َربِ َّي َة إِنِّي ُمس َت ِع ٌّد‬ َ ‫َوالل ِه إِن َٔا َر‬
However, ‫ َوالل ِه‬is not commonly used. Instead ‫( لَـ‬the letter lâm) ‫س اللُّ َغ َة ال َع َربِ َّي َة إِنِّي ُمس َت ِع ٌّد‬ َ ‫لَـ ِئن َٔا َر‬
is used and it denotes ‫ َق َسم‬. Together ‫ لَـ‬and ‫ إِ ْن‬are written as ‫لَـئِن‬
َ ‫وطـ َئـ ُة لِلق‬

This lâm is called ِ‫َسم‬ ِ ‫ اللَّا ُم ال ُم‬or ِ‫ اللَّا ُم ال ُم َوطِّـ َئـ ُة لِلق ََسم‬- “The lâm that paves the way for the qasam”.
It is not qasam itself, but it is an indication of the qasam.
Verb Type/Form Meaning
ُٔ‫ال ِم َثال ال َواوِي َو ِط َـئ َي َطـا‬ To trample under the foot
ِ ‫ اِس ُم الف‬،‫ وطَّـأَ ُي َوطِّ ُئ‬Form II

‫ ُمـ َوطِّ ٌـئ‬:‫َاع ِل‬ To trample continuously (intensive action ‫ ;) ُم َبالَ َغة‬walking on ground so that a
walkable path is paved. The masdar ِ ‫ َت‬has come to mean “introduction”.
‫وطـ َئـة‬
‫ ُمـ ْو ِط ٌـئ‬: ِ‫َاعل‬
ِ ‫ اِس ُم الف‬،‫وط ُئ‬
ِ ‫َٔاو َطـأَ ُي‬ Form IV Same meaning as in Form II
When the qasam is introduced to the shart sentence, the jawab should conform to the qasam and not to the
shart. Now the ‫اب الشَّ رط‬ ُ ‫ َج َو‬. Hence the ‫ َفـ‬that was in the ‫اب الشَّ رط‬
ُ ‫ َج َو‬will become ‫اب الق ََسم‬ ُ ‫ َج َو‬will no longer be there
in the ‫َسم‬
َ ‫الق‬ ‫اب‬
ُ ‫ َج َو‬.
‫وطـ َئـ ُة لِلق َ‬
‫َس ِم ‪Examples of‬‬ ‫القُرآن ال َكرِيم ‪ in‬ال َّلا ُم ال ُم ِ‬
‫وطـ َئـ ُة لِلق ََس ِم‬
‫‪ - “The lâm that paves the way for the qasam”.‬اللَّا ُم ال ُم ِ‬
‫َس ِم ‪It is not qasam itself, but it is an indication of the qasam. So wherever‬‬ ‫‪, it means‬لَـئِ ْن ‪ is used , as in‬اللَّا ُم ال ُم ِ‬
‫‪there is an implicit qasam there.‬‬
‫َوالل ِه ‪If the statement is from anyone other than Allah, e.g. from the believers, the qasam can be estimated to be:‬‬
‫َو َجلَالِـي ‪If the statement is from Allah, the qasam can be estimated to be:‬‬ ‫قس ُم بِـ ِعـ َّزتِـي‬
‫ُٔا ِ‬
‫وطـ َئـ ُة لِلق ََس ِم‬

‫‪ is used more than 60 times in the Qur’an. Following are some examples of this lâm in the‬اللَّا ُم ال ُم ِ‬
‫َسم ‪Qur’an, grouped by the type of‬‬ ‫اب الق َ‬
‫َج َو ُ‬
‫َسم ‪When‬‬
‫الق َ‬ ‫الجم َل ُة ِالاس ِم َّي ُة ال ُم َثـبـ َتـ ُة ‪َ is‬ج َو ُ‬
‫اب‬ ‫ُ‬
‫َولَـ ِئن ُّر ِج ْع ُت إِلَى ٰ َر ِّب ٓى إِ َّن لِى ِعن َد ُه لَ ْل ُح ْس َنى ٰ‬ ‫﴿الأعراف‪﴾٩٠:‬‬ ‫لَـ ِئنِ ٱت ََّب ْع ُت ْم شُ َع ْي ًبا إِنَّ ُك ْم إِ ۭ ًذا لَّ َخـٰ ِس ُرو َن‬
‫﴿فصلت‪﴾٥٠:‬‬
‫اب ُت ِفي ُد التَّو ِكي َد‬
‫رف َج َو ٍ‬
‫إ ًذا ‪َ :‬ح ُ‬
‫وط َئ ُة لِلق ََس ِم‬
‫لَـ ‪ :‬اللَّا ُم ال ُم ِ‬
‫َولَـ ِئن قُ ِت ْل ُت ْم ِفى َسبِيلِ ٱللَّ ِه َٔا ْو ُم ُّت ْم‬
‫اب الق ََسم‬
‫َج َو ُ‬ ‫رط َجازِ ٌم َتج ِز ُم فِع َلينِ‬
‫رف شَ ٍ‬
‫إِ ْن ‪َ :‬ح ُ‬
‫لَ َم ْغ ِف َر ۭ ٌة ِّم َن ٱللَّ ِه َو َر ْح َم ٌة َخ ْي ۭ ٌر ِّم َّما َي ْج َم ُعو َن‬
‫﴿آلعمران‪﴾١٥٧:‬‬ ‫﴿النحل‪﴾١٢٦:‬‬ ‫ِين‬ ‫َولَـ ِئن َص َب ْر ُت ْم لَ ُه َو َخ ْي ٌر لِّ َّ‬
‫لصـٰ ِبر َ‬
‫نسـٰ َن ِم َّنا َر ْح َم ۭ ًة ثُ َّم نَ َز ْع َنـٰ َها ِم ْن ُه‬
‫َولَـ ِئ ْن َٔا َذ ْق َنا ٱ ْل ِٕا َ‬ ‫َقالُو ۟ا لَـ ِئ ْن َٔا َك َل ُه ٱل ِّذ ْئ ُب َون َْح ُن ُع ْص َب ٌة إِنَّآ ِٕا ۭ ًذا لَّ َخـٰ ِس ُرو َن‬
‫كفُو ۭ ٌر ﴿هود‪﴾٩:‬‬ ‫وس َ‬ ‫إِنَّ ُه لَ َي ُٔـ ۭ ٌ‬ ‫﴿يوسف‪﴾١٤:‬‬

‫الق َ‬ ‫الجم َل ُة ِالاس ِم َّي ُة ال َمن ِف َّي ُة ‪َ is‬ج َو ُ‬
‫اب‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َسم ‪When‬‬
‫الق َ‬ ‫اب‬ ‫الجم َل ُة ال ِفعلِ َّي ُة ِفعلُ َها َما ٍ‬
‫ض َمن ِف ٌّي ‪َ is‬ج َو ُ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫َولَـ ِئنِ ٱت ََّب ْع َت َٔا ْه َوا َٓء ُهم َب ْع َد َما َجآ َء َك ِم َن ٱ ْل ِع ْل ِم‬ ‫﴿فاطر‪﴾٤١:‬‬ ‫َولَـ ِئن َزالَ َتآ إِ ْن َٔا ْم َس َك ُه َما ِم ْن َٔا َح ٍد ِّم ۢن َب ْع ِد ٓ ِهۦ‬
‫اق ﴿الرعد‪﴾٣٧:‬‬ ‫َما لَكَ ِم َن ٱللَّـ ِه ِمن َولِ ۢ ٍّى َو َلا َو ٍ‬ ‫رف نَ ْف ٍـي َٔا ْو إِن ال َّنا ِف َي ُة = َما ال َّنا ِف َي ُة‬
‫إ ْن‪َ :‬ح ُ‬
‫‪to go off course, to deviate‬‬ ‫َزا َل َي ُزو ُل‪:‬‬
‫ين ُٔاو ُتو ۟ا ٱ ْل ِك َتـٰ َب بِ ُك ِّل َءا َي ٍة‬ ‫َولَـ ِئ ْن َٔا َت ْي َت ٱلَّ ِذ َ‬ ‫‪Note that this verb is‬‬ ‫كَا َن ‪ i.e. it is sister of‬نَا ِقص ‪َ is‬زا َل َي َزا ُل ‪, while‬تَامّ‬
‫ف ِالاثـ َنينِ ِفي َم َح ِّل َر ٍفع َفا ِع ٌل ) َّ‬ ‫ْت‪ :‬ت َُاء ال َّت ٔاْنِ ِ‬
‫يث‪ ،‬ا‪َٔ :‬الِ ُ‬
‫َّما َت ِب ُعو ۟ا ِق ْب َل َتكَ ۚ َج َواب‪ُ :‬‬ ‫ٰت َوالا َٔ ُ‬
‫الس ٰمو ُ‬
‫رض(‬
‫ض َمن ِف ٌّي‬ ‫الجم َل ُة ال ِفعلِ َّي ُة فِعلُ َها َما ٍ‬
‫نت بِ َتابِ ٍع ِق ْب َل َت ُه ْم ۚ َج َواب‪ُ :‬‬
‫الجم َل ُة ِالاس ِم َّي ُة ال َمن ِف ََّي َت ُةـ ُة‬ ‫َو َمآ َٔا َ‬ ‫ين ُٔاو ُتو ۟ا ٱ ْل ِك َتـٰ َب بِ ُك ِّل َءا َي ٍة‬
‫َولَـ ِئ ْن َٔا َت ْي َت ٱلَّ ِذ َ‬
‫َو َما َب ْع ُض ُهم بِ َتابِ ٍع ِق ْب َل َة َب ْع ٍ‬
‫ضۚ‬ ‫َّما َت ِب ُعو ۟ا ِق ْب َل َتكَ ۚ ‪﴿ ...‬البقرة‪﴾١٤٥:‬‬
‫َولَـ ِئنِ ٱت ََّب ْع َت َٔا ْه َوا َٓء ُهم ِّم ۢن َب ْع ِد َما َجآ َء َك ِم َن ٱلْ ِع ْل ِم ۙ‬
‫ين‬
‫َ‬ ‫م‬‫ٕاِنَّـكَ ٕاِ ًذا لَّـ ِم َن ٱل َّظـٰ ِل ِ‬ ‫َسم ‪When‬‬
‫الق َ‬ ‫الجم َل ُة ال ِفعلِ َّي ُة ِفعلُ َها ُم َضارِ ٌع َمن ِف ٌّي ‪َ is‬ج َو ُ‬
‫اب‬ ‫ُ‬
‫ُ َ‬ ‫َّ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫جواب‪ :‬الجم َل ُة الاسمي ُة المثـبـ َتـ ُة‬‫ُ‬ ‫ََ‬ ‫﴿البقرة‪﴾١٤٥:‬‬ ‫نس َوٱلْ ِج ُّن َع َل ٰٓى َٔان َيأْتُو ۟ا بِ ِم ْث ِلِل‬ ‫قُل لَّـ ِئنِ ْٱج َت َم َع ِت ٱ ْل ِٕا ُ‬
‫ان َلا َيأْتُو َن بِ ِم ْث ِل ِه ﴿الإ سراء‪﴾٨٨:‬‬ ‫َهـٰ َذا ٱلْ ُق ْر َء ِ‬
‫لَـ ِئ ْن ُٔاخْ ر ُِجو ۟ا َلا َيخْ ُر ُجو َن َم َع ُه ْم‬
‫َولَـ ِئن قُوتِلُو ۟ا َلا َي ُ‬
‫‪Note, if the sentence is negative, there is no need‬‬
‫َسم ‪for emphasis in the‬‬ ‫نص ُرونَ ُه ْم ﴿الحشر‪﴾١٢:‬‬
‫َج َو ُ‬

‫الق َ‬ ‫الجم َل ُة ال ِفعلِ َّي ُة ِفعلُ َها ُم َضارِ ٌع ُم َثب ٌت ‪َ is‬ج َو ُ‬
‫اب‬ ‫)‪ُ (Its use in the Qur’an is prolific‬‬
‫َولَـ ِئن لَّ ْم َي ْف َع ْل َمآ َءا ُم ُر ُه لَ ُي ْس َج َن َّن َولَ َي ُكونًا ِّم َن‬ ‫﴿مريم‪﴾٤٦:‬‬ ‫لَـ ِئن لَّ ْم َتن َت ِه َلا َٔ ْر ُج َم َّنكَ‬
‫ِين ﴿يوسف‪﴾٣٢:‬‬ ‫ٱلصـٰ ِغر َ‬
‫َّ‬
‫وط لَ َت ُكونَ َّن ِم َن ٱلْ ُمخْ َر ِج َ‬
‫َقالُو ۟ا لَـ ِئن لَّ ْم َتن َت ِه َيـٰلُ ُ‬
‫ن الخَ ِفي َف ُة ‪This last nûn is‬‬
‫ال ُّنو ُ‬
‫)لِ َي ُكونًا = لِ َي ُكون َْن‬
‫ين‬
‫(‬
‫وط َئ ُة لِلق ََس ِم‬
‫لَـ ‪ :‬اللَّا ُم ال ُم ِ‬
‫﴿الشعراء‪﴾١٦٧:‬‬
‫رط َجازِ ٌم َتج ِز ُم فِع َلينِ‬
‫َم ْن ‪ :‬اِس ُم شَ ٍ‬
‫َوإِ ْذ َتأَ َّذ َن َر ُّب ُك ْم لَـ ِئن شَ َك ْرتُ ْم َلأَزِي َدنَّ ُك ْم ۖ‬
‫لَـ َمن َت ِب َعكَ ِم ْن ُه ْم َلا َٔ ْم َلا َٔ َّن َج َه َّن َم ِمن ُك ْم َٔا ْج َم ِع َ‬
‫ين‬
‫﴿الأعراف‪﴾١٨:‬‬ ‫ك َف ْر ُت ْم ِٕا َّن َع َذابِى لَشَ ِدي ٌد ﴿ابراهيم‪﴾٧:‬‬ ‫َولَـ ِئن َ‬
‫َولَـ ِئن قُ ْل َت ٕاِنَّ ُكم َّم ْب ُعوثُو َن ِم ۢن َب ْع ِد ٱلْ َم ْو ِت‬ ‫ين ِمن َق ْب ِلكَ‬ ‫َولَ َق ْد ُٔا ِ‬
‫وح َى إِلَ ْيكَ َو ٕاِ َلى ٱلَّ ِذ َ‬
‫كف َُر ٓو ۟ا ِٕا ْن َهـٰ َذ ٓا إِ َّلا ِس ْح ٌر ُّم ِبي ٌن ﴿هود‪﴾٧:‬‬ ‫لَ َيقُولَ َّن ٱلَّ ِذ َ‬
‫ين َ‬ ‫لَـ ِئ ْن َٔا ْش َر ْك َت لَ َي ْح َب َط َّن َع َملُكَ َولَ َت ُكو َن َّن ِم َن ٱلْ َخـٰ ِسر َ‬
‫ِين‬
‫﴿الزمر‪﴾٦٥:‬‬
‫‪Please ponder over the following examples. Identify the‬‬
‫‪qasam and the jawab-ul-qasam.‬‬
‫﴿الزخرف‪﴾٨٧:‬‬ ‫َولَـ ِئن َسأَلْ َت ُهم َّم ْن َخ َل َق ُه ْم لَ َيقُولُ َّن ٱللَّـ ُه‬
‫َقا َلا َر َّب َنا َظ َل ْم َنآ َٔانف َُس َنا َوإِن لَّ ْم َت ْغ ِف ْر لَ َنا َو َت ْر َح ْم َنا‬
‫ِين ﴿الأعراف‪﴾٢٣:‬‬ ‫لَ َن ُكو َن َّن ِم َن ٱلْ َخـٰ ِسر َ‬ ‫حشَ ُرو َن ﴿آل عمران‪﴾١٥٨:‬‬ ‫َولَـ ِئن ُّم ُّت ْم َٔا ْو قُ ِت ْل ُت ْم َل ِٕالَى ٱللَّـ ِه تُ ْ‬
‫ين َكف َُرو ۟ا َع َذا ًبا شَ ِديدًا َولَ َن ْج ِز َي َّن ُه ْم َٔا ْس َو َٔا‬ ‫َف َل ُن ِذي َق َّن ٱلَّ ِذ َ‬ ‫‪www.tanzil.net is an excellent search engine for the Qur’an,‬‬
‫ٱلَّ ِذى كَانُو ۟ا َي ْع َملُو َن ﴿فصلت‪﴾٢٧:‬‬

‫‪where you can search using Arabic text. For example, if you were‬‬
‫‪ you will find 61 places in the Qur’an where it is used.‬لَ ِئن ‪to type‬‬

‫‪Pronouns Summary‬‬
‫جرو ٌر‬ ‫َم ُ‬ ‫وب‬
‫نص ٌ‬
‫َم ُ‬ ‫َمرفُو ٌع‬
‫‪ Only the letters highlighted‬‬ ‫ُم َّت ِص ٌل‬ ‫ُص ٌل ُم َّت ِص ٌل‬ ‫ُمنف ِ‬ ‫ُم َّت ِص ٌل‬ ‫ُص ٌل‬ ‫ُمنف ِ‬
‫ض ِمير ‪in red represent the‬‬‫َ‬ ‫ُه‬ ‫ُه‬ ‫إِ َّيا ُه‬ ‫][‬ ‫][‬ ‫ُه َو‬
‫‪ Please note a further‬‬
‫‪breakdown is often done at‬‬ ‫ُه َما‬ ‫ُه َما‬ ‫إِ َّيا ُه َما‬ ‫ا ِانن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ُه َما‬
‫‪advanced levels, but is not‬‬
‫‪shown here for brevity. For‬‬ ‫ُه ْم‬ ‫ُه ْم‬ ‫ٕاِ َّيا ُه ْم‬ ‫ْو َن‬ ‫ْو‬ ‫ُه ْم‬
‫ت ‪ُ only‬ت ْم ‪example, in‬‬
‫‪ُ is the‬‬ ‫َها‬ ‫َها‬ ‫إِ َّيا َها‬ ‫][‬ ‫][‬ ‫ِه َي‬
‫‪ is the sign of‬م ‪َ , and‬ض ِمير‬ ‫ُه َما‬ ‫ُه َما‬ ‫إِ َّيا ُه َما‬ ‫ا ِانن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ُه َما‬
‫‪plural. For simplicity,‬‬
‫تُ ْم ‪however, we will consider‬‬ ‫ُه َّن‬ ‫ُه َّن‬ ‫إِ َّيا ُه َّن‬ ‫َن‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ُه َّن‬
‫ض ِمير ‪as‬‬
‫‪َ for now.‬‬ ‫َك‬ ‫َك‬ ‫اك‬‫ٕاِ َّي َ‬ ‫][‬ ‫َت‬ ‫َٔانْ َت‬
‫كُ َما‬ ‫إِ َّياكُ َما كُ َما‬ ‫ا ِانن‬ ‫تُـ َما‬ ‫َٔانْ ُت َما‬
‫كُم‬ ‫إِ َّياكُم كُم‬ ‫ْو َن‬ ‫تُـ ْم‬ ‫َٔانْ ُت ْم‬
‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫اك‬ ‫إِ َّي ِ‬ ‫ـيـنن‬
‫ـيـ َ‬ ‫ِت‬ ‫َٔانْ ِت‬
‫كُ َما‬ ‫إِ َّياكُ َما كُ َما‬ ‫ا ِانن‬ ‫تُ َما‬ ‫َٔانْ ُت َما‬
‫كُ َّن‬ ‫إِ َّيا ُك َّن كُ َّن‬ ‫َن‬ ‫تُــ َّن‬ ‫َٔانْ ُت َّن‬
‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫إِ َّي َ‬
‫اي‬ ‫][‬ ‫ُت‬ ‫َٔانَا‬
‫ُمس َتتِ ٌر = ] [‬ ‫َض ِمي ٌر‬ ‫نَا‬ ‫نَا‬ ‫إِ َّيانَا‬ ‫][‬ ‫نَا‬ ‫ن َْح ُن‬
ِ
The Exception – ‫الاس ِتث َن ُاء‬
The The tool of The one from which the
excepted exception exception is made
‫ال ُمس َتث َنى ِمن ُه َٔا َدا ُة ِالاس ِتث َنا ِء ال ُمس َتث َنى‬
‫اب كُلُّ ُهم إِ َّلا َحا ِمدًا‬

ُ ‫ن ََج َح ال ُّط َّل‬
All the students have
passed except Hamid
‫ إِ َّلا‬is a particle used as an instrument of exception. There are

many other instruments of exception, including the following
important ones.
‫َغ ُير‬ ‫اِس َم ِان‬
‫ِس َوى‬
‫َما َعدَا‬ ِ ‫ِفعل‬
‫َان‬
‫َما َخلَا‬
ِ ‫َٔان َوا ُع‬
Types of Exception – ‫الاس ِتث َنا ِء‬
‫َما َج َاء إِ َّلا َح ِام ٌد‬ ‫ُم َف َّر ٌغ‬ ‫ ُمس َتث َنى ِمن ُه‬is ‫َّاب كُلُّ ُهم إِ َّلا َح ِامدًا‬ ‫َتا ٌّم‬ ‫ ُمس َتث َنى ِمن ُه‬is
ُ ‫َج َاء الطُّل‬ mentioned
not mentioned
No one came except Hamid All the students came except Hamid
‫وف إِ َّلا َٔامتِ َع َت ُهم‬

ُ ‫الض ُي‬
ُّ ‫َو َص َل‬ ‫ُمنق َِط ٌع‬ ‫ ُمس َتث َنى‬is of a
different kind
‫رت البِلَا َد الأُو ُر ِّبـ َّي َة كُلَّ َها إِ َّلا ُاليونَا َن‬
ُ ‫ُز‬ ‫ُم َّت ِص ٌل‬ ‫ ُمس َتث َنى‬is of the
same kind as
The guests have arrived than ‫ُمس َتث َنى ِمن ُه‬ I have visited all European countries, ‫ُمس َتث َنى ِمن ُه‬
except their luggage except Greece
‫وج ٍب‬
َ ‫َغ ُير ُم‬ ‫وج ٌب‬
َ ‫ُم‬
The sentence is a The sentence
‫رس ُب َٔا َح ٌد إِ َّلا ال َكسلَا ُن‬
ُ ‫َهل َي‬ negative, prohibitive ‫اِف َت ِح ال َّن َو ِاف َذ إِ َّلا الا َٔ ِخ َير َة‬ is an
or interrogative affirmative
Does anyone fail except the sentence Open the windows except sentence
lazy? the last one

Declension of Exception with illa – ‫اب ال ُمس َتث َنى بِـ إِ َّلا‬ َ ِٕ‫ا‬
ُ ‫عر‬
When ‫ إِ َّلا‬is used as the instrument of exception, the declension of ‫ ُمس َتث َنى‬depends on
the type of exception, as shown below
‫ُم َف َّر ٌغ‬ ‫ ُمس َتث َنى ِمن ُه‬is ‫َتا ٌّم‬ ‫ ُمس َتث َنى ِمن ُه‬is
not mentioned mentioned
‫ُمنق َِط ٌع‬ ‫ ُمس َتث َنى‬is of a

different kind
‫ُم َّت ِص ٌل‬ ‫ ُمس َتث َنى‬is of the
same kind as
than ‫ُمس َتث َنى ِمن ُه‬ ‫ُمس َتث َنى ِمن ُه‬
‫وج ٍب‬
َ ‫َغ ُير ُم‬
The sentence is a
‫وج ٌب‬
َ ‫ُم‬
The sentence
negative, prohibitive is an
sentence sentence
Declension
As required by the ‫وب‬
ٌ ‫نص‬ ُ ‫َم‬
sentence, as if ‫إِ َّلا‬ ‫وب‬
ٌ ‫نص‬
ُ ‫َم‬ OR ‫وب‬
ٌ ‫نص‬
ُ ‫َم‬ of ‫ُمس َتث َنى‬
Same as ‫ُمس َتث َنى ِمن ُه‬
is not mentioned with ‫إِ َّلا‬

Examples for illa – ‫أَم ِث َل ٌة لِـ إِ َّلا‬
Allah forgives all
sins except shirk َ ‫َيغ ِف ُر اللَّ ُه ال ُّذن‬
‫ُوب كُلَّ َها إِ َّلا الشِّ ر َك‬
‫ ال ُّذنُوب‬, which is ‫ ُمس َتث َنى ِمن ُه‬, is mentioned
‫ ِشرك‬is a kind of ‫َذنب‬

different kind
same kind as
The sentence is an
affirmative sentence
‫وج ٍب‬
The sentence is a
‫وج ٌب‬
َ ‫ُم‬
The sentence
sentence sentence
Declension
ٌ ‫نص‬
ٌ ‫نص‬

‫ َح ِام ٌد‬/ ‫اب إِ َّلا َح ِامدًا‬
No students were
present except
Hamid ُ ‫َما َح َض َر ال ُّط َّل‬
‫َح ِامد‬ ‫ال ُّطلَّاب‬
ُ ‫ال ُّطل‬, which is ‫ ُمس َتث َنى ِمن ُه‬, is mentioned
Declension of is the same as OR
‫َّاب‬
‫ َح ِامد‬is a student

different kind
same kind as
The sentence is a negative sentence
‫وج ٍب‬
The sentence is a
‫وج ٌب‬
َ ‫ُم‬
The sentence
sentence sentence
Declension
ٌ ‫نص‬
ٌ ‫نص‬

Every sickness has a
medicine except death َ ‫لِ ُك ِّل َدا ٍء َد َو ٌاء إِ َّلا ال َم‬
‫وت‬
‫ َدا ٍء‬, which is ‫ ُمس َتث َنى ِمن ُه‬, is mentioned
Death is
not a
sickness ‫ُمنق َِط ٌع‬ ‫ ُمس َتث َنى‬is of a
different kind
same kind as
‫وج ٍب‬
The sentence is a
‫وج ٌب‬
َ ‫ُم‬
The sentence
sentence sentence
Declension
ٌ ‫نص‬
ٌ ‫نص‬

To get the correct declension for
No one failed except Bilal

‫َما َر َس َب إِ َّلا بِلَا ٌل‬ ‫ ُمس َتث َنى‬in the case of ‫ ُم َف َّر ٌغ‬, remove ‫إِ َّلا‬
from the sentence. (‫ل‬ ٌ ‫ ) َما َر َس َب بِلَا‬In
‫ ُمس َتث َنى ِمن ُه‬is not mentioned this case, ‫ل‬ ِ ‫ الف‬so it is ‫ َمرفُوع‬. Of
ٌ ‫ بِلَا‬is ‫َاعل‬
course, removing ‫ إِ َّلا‬will make the
meaning opposite of what the original
not mentioned mentioned sentence means. This is done only to
establish the declension.

different kind
same kind as
‫وج ٍب‬
The sentence is a
‫وج ٌب‬
َ ‫ُم‬
The sentence
sentence sentence
Declension
ٌ ‫نص‬
ٌ ‫نص‬

َّ ‫ال َمم ُنو ُع ِم َن‬
ِ ‫الص‬
The Diptote – ‫رف‬
A ‫عرب‬
َ ‫ ُم‬noun is one that declines, i.e. dhun, dhan, dhin. It is a noun
Diptote is a ‫ ُم َعرب‬noun, which: that changes the final vowel to indicate its function in the sentence.
1. Does not accept the tanwîn, and
2. Does not decline fully, i.e. it takes fathah instead of kasrah when it is majrûr
Reasons for a noun being diptote

For one reason
1. Nouns which end in ِ ِ‫ف ال َّتأْن‬
‫يث ال َم ْق ُصو َر ُة‬ ُ ِ‫ َٔال‬:
This alif is either written as a dot-less yâ (‫ )ى‬or a long alif (‫)ا‬. In both cases, the pronunciation is Aa. While ‫ ى‬is
used most often as in: ‫قُ ْر َبـى‬ ،‫ َم ْر َضى‬, if it is preceded by a proper yâ (‫ ي‬with two dots), then it changes to a long
alif ( ‫ )ا‬as in ‫َهدَا َيا‬ ،‫ُدنْ َيا‬
2. Nouns which end in ‫يث ال َم ْمدُو َد ُة‬ ِ ِ‫ف ال َّتأْن‬ُ ِ‫ َٔال‬: Please note if the hamza is the third radical and is not extra,
Alif followed by hamza (‫)اء‬. ‫اء‬ ُ ‫ َص ْح َر‬،‫َح ْم َر ُاء‬
then the word is not diptote. Refer to Book 3 Key, Lesson 34
for more details and examples.
ِ ِ ِ
‫ أَط َّب ُاء‬،‫ َٔا ْق ِو َي ُاء‬،‫ َٔا ْغن َي ُاء‬،‫َٔا ْصد َق ُاء‬
‫ ُع َل َم ُاء‬،‫َاء‬ُ ‫ ُز َمل‬،‫ ُو َز َر ُاء‬،‫فُق ََر ُاء‬
3. Nouns on the patterns of ‫ل‬ ِ ‫ َمف‬and ‫َاعي ُل‬
ُ ‫َاع‬ ِ ‫ َمف‬.
These are called ‫الج ْم ُع ال ُمـ َتـ َنا ِهـي‬ َ /‫الج ُمو ِع‬ ُ ‫( ُم ْن َت َهى‬The ultimate plural).
‫ َد َقائِ ُق‬،ُ‫ َف َنا ِدق‬،‫ َٔا َسا ِو ُر‬،‫ َم َكاتِ ُب‬،‫ِس‬ ُ ‫ َمدَار‬،ُ‫اجد‬ ِ ‫َم َس‬
(‫ ك ََر ِاس ُّي )ك ََر ِاس ْي ُي‬،‫اجي ُن‬ ِ ‫ َف َن‬،‫ َٔا َسابِي ُع‬،‫يح‬ ُ ِ‫ َمفَات‬،‫َم َنا ِدي ُل‬
For two reasons (see next page)

ِ ‫الص‬
Reasons for a noun being diptote
For one reason (see previous page)
For two reasons
Proper Nouns - ‫ال َعلَ ُم‬ Adjectives - ‫صف‬
ُ ‫ال َو‬
1. Feminine Proper Nouns - ‫َّث‬
ٌ ‫ُم َؤن‬ ‫ َعلَ ٌم‬: ُ ‫ َٔا ْف َع‬:
1. Adjectives on the patterns of ‫ل‬
‫ َخلِـي َف ُة‬،‫ َط ْل َح ُة‬،‫ ُٔا َسا َم ُة‬،ُ‫ َح ْم َزة‬،‫ َم ْر َي ُم‬،‫ َزي َن ُب‬،‫ فَ ِاط َم ُة‬،‫يج ُة‬ َ ‫ َخ ِد‬،‫ا ِٓم َن ُة‬ ‫ َٔا ْح َم ُر‬،‫ َٔا ْص َغ ُر‬،‫ أَ ْج َم ُل‬،‫ َٔا ْك َب ُر‬،‫َٔا ْح َس ُن‬
2. Foreign Proper Nouns - ‫ي‬ ٌّ ‫ َع َل ٌم َٔا ْع َج ِم‬: 2. Adjectives on the patterns of ‫ن‬ ُ ‫ َف ْعلَا‬:
‫ لَـ ْن َد ُن‬،‫ َب ْغدَا ُد‬،ُ‫ َبا ِك ْس َتان‬،‫ ِولْ َـي ُم‬،‫وسى‬ َ ‫ ُم‬،‫ إ ِْس َم ِاعي ُل‬،‫ُوب‬ ُ ‫ َي ْعق‬،‫إِ ْب َـرا ِهي ُم‬ ‫ شَ ْب َعا ُن‬،ُ‫ ك َْسلَان‬،ُ‫ َع ْطشَ ان‬،ُ‫ َغضْ َبان‬،ُ‫َج ْو َعان‬
3. Altered (modified) Proper Nouns - ‫ل‬ ٌ ‫ َع َل ٌم َم ْعدُو‬: 3. Altered form of adjective - ‫ص َف ٌة َم ْعدُولَـ ٌة‬ ِ :
These are on the pattern of ‫ل‬ ُ ‫فُ َع‬. The verb ‫ َع َد َل‬means to do a) Numbers on the pattern of
justice, to put things in proper place, to change or alter. ‫ فُ َعا ُل‬or ‫ َم ْف َع ُل‬:
‫ َم ْعدُول‬means something which is changed or altered. The name ُ ‫ ثُل‬for ‫( َثلَا َث ٌة َثلَا َث ٌة‬three at a time)
‫َاث‬
‫ ُع َم ُر‬is the altered form of ‫( َع ِام ٌر‬a triptote), which is the ‫َاعل‬
ِ ‫اِس ُم الف‬ ‫ َم ْث َنى‬for ‫( اِ ْث َن ِان اِ ْث َن ِان‬two at a time)
of ‫( َع َم َر‬to flourish/thrive/prosper, live long)
b) The word ‫خ ُر‬ َ ‫( ُٔا‬plural of ‫)أُخْ َرى‬
4. Proper nouns ending with extra ‫ن‬ ُ ‫ا‬:
‫ نُ ْع َما ُن‬،ُ‫ َعفَّان‬،ُ‫ ُس ْف َيان‬،ُ‫ َم ْر َوان‬،ُ‫ُع ْث َمان‬
5. Proper nouns resembling verbs:
‫ َٔا ْح َم ُد‬like ‫ َٔاذ َه ُب‬, ‫ َيـزِي ُد‬like ‫َيـبِـي ُع‬
ُّ ‫ال َم ْز ِج‬
6. Compound Proper Nouns – ‫ي‬ ‫ال ُم َرك َُّب‬:
ُ ‫ َحضْ َر َم‬،‫َم ْع ِدي َكر ُِب‬
‫وت‬
ِ ‫الص‬
In one of the following two conditions, a diptote will become a triptote, i.e. it will decline fully:
1 ﴾٤٠:‫﴿المعارج‬ ‫َف َلا ٓ ُٔا ْق ِس ُم بِ َـر ِّب ٱلْ َمشَ ـٰر ِِق َوٱلْ َم َغـٰر ِِب إِنَّا لَ َقـٰ ِد ُرو َن‬
If it is decorated with the definite article ‫الـ‬ ‫نَـ َزلْ ُت ِفي َه ِذ ِه ال َف َنا ِد ِق‬ I stayed in these hotels
َ ‫يف لِل َولَ ِد‬

‫الج ْو َع ِان‬ َ ‫َسلَّ ْم ُت ال َّر ِغ‬ I gave the loaf to the hungry boy
2 ﴾٤:‫﴿التين‬ ‫نسـٰ َن ِف ٓى أَ ْح َسنِ َت ْقوِي ٍم‬

َ ‫لَ َق ْد َخ َل ْق َنا ٱ ْل ِٕا‬
If it becomes ‫ضاف‬
َ ‫ُم‬ ِ ِ‫َد َّر ْس ُت ِفي َمدَار‬
‫س ال َم ِدي َنـ ِة‬ I taught in the schools of Madinah
ٍ ‫اِت ََّص ْل ُت بِأَ ْص ِد َقا ِء بِل‬

‫َال‬ I contacted Bilal’s friends
Diptote Triptote (declines fully)
Write with a red pen ‫اُك ُت ْب بِـ َق َل ٍم أَ ْح َم َر‬ Write with the red pen ‫اُك ُت ْب بِـال َق َل ِم الا َٔ ْح َم ِر‬
َّ ‫جرو ٌر َو َعلَا َم ُة َج ِّر ِه َف ْت َح ٌة لِأَنَّ ُه َم ْم ُنو ٌع ِم َن‬

ِ ‫الص‬
‫رف‬ ُ ‫ َم‬- “‫نَ ْع ٌت لِـ ” َق َل ٍم‬ ُ ‫ َم‬- “‫نَ ْع ٌت لِـ ”ال َق َل ِم‬
‫جرو ٌر َو َعلَا َم ُة َج ِّر ِه ك َْس َر ٌة َظا ِه َر ٌة‬

‫ال َع َل ُم الا َٔ ْع َج ِم ُّي ‪Examples of Grammatical Analysis for‬‬
‫‪Please remember the proper noun‬‬ ‫وسى‬
‫‪ُ is a non-Arabic‬م َ‬ ‫َمرفُو ٌع‬
‫‪name and therefore it is diptote.‬‬
‫وسى‬
‫َج َاء ُم َ‬
‫ض َمبنِ ٌّي َع َلى ال َف ْت ِح‬ ‫فِع ٌل َما ٍ‬ ‫َج َاء‬
‫وب‬
‫نص ٌ‬
‫َم ُ‬ ‫َفا ِع ٌل َمرفُو ٌع َو َعلَا َم ُة َر ْف ِع ِه َض َّم ٌة ُم َق َّد َر ٌة َع َلى ا ِٓخ ِر ِه‬ ‫وسى‬
‫ُم َ‬
‫َر َٔا ْي ُت ُم َ‬
‫وسى‬
‫ون لِات َِّصالِ ِه بِ َض ِمي ِر َرفْ ٍع ُم َت َح ِّر ٍك‬
‫الس ُك ِ‬
‫ض َمبنِ ٌّي َع َلى ُّ‬ ‫فِع ٌل َما ٍ‬ ‫َر َٔا ْيـ‬
‫الض ِّم فِي َم َح ِّل َرفْ ٍع فَ ِاع ٌل‬
‫َض ِم ٌير ُم َّت ِص ٌل َمبنِ ٌّي َعلَى َّ‬ ‫ـت‬
‫ُ‬
‫جرو ٌر‬ ‫وب َو َعلَا َم ُة ن َْصبِ ِه َف ْت َح ٌة ُم َق َّد َر ٌة َع َلى ا ِٓخ ِر ِه‬ ‫وسى َمف ُعو ٌل بِ ِه َم ُ‬
‫نص ٌ‬ ‫ُم َ‬
‫َم ُ‬
‫َسلَّ ْم ُت َع َلى ُم َ‬
‫وسى‬
‫ون لِات َِّصالِ ِه بِ َض ِمي ِر َرفْ ٍع ُم َت َح ِّر ٍك‬ ‫الس ُك ِ‬ ‫ض َمبنِ ٌّي َع َلى ُّ‬ ‫فِع ٌل َما ٍ‬ ‫َسلَّ ْمـ‬
‫الض ِّم فِي َم َح ِّل َرفْ ٍع فَ ِاع ٌل‬ ‫َض ِمي ٌر ُم َّت ِص ٌل َمبنِ ٌّي َعلَى َّ‬ ‫ـت‬
‫ُ‬
‫ون‪َ .‬لا َم َح َّل لَ ُه ِم َن ِٕالا ْع َر ِ‬
‫اب‬ ‫الس ُك ِ‬ ‫رف َج ٍّر َمبنِ ٌّي َع َلى ُّ‬‫َح ُ‬ ‫َع َلى‬
‫جرو ٌر )بِـ َع َلى( َو َعلَا َم ُة َج ِّر ِه َف ْت َح ٌة ُم َق َّد َر ٌة َع َلى ا ِٓخ ِر ِه‬ ‫اِس ٌم َم ُ‬ ‫وسى‬
‫ُم َ‬
‫لِأَنَّ ُه َم ْم ُنو ٌع ِم َن َّ‬
‫الص ْر ِف‬

‫ِالاس ُم ال َم ُ‬
‫قصو ُر ‪Examples of Grammatical Analysis for‬‬
‫جرو ٌر‬
‫َم ُ‬
‫َمرفُو ٌع‬
‫َخ َر ْج ُت ِم َن ال ُم ْس َت ْشفَى َف ِٕا َذا َص ِدي ِقي َين َت ِظ ُرنِي بِ ُع ْل َب ٍة ِم َن َ‬
‫الح ْل َوى‬
‫ون لِات َِّصالِ ِه بِ َض ِمي ِر َرفْ ٍع ُم َت َح ِّر ٍك‬
‫الس ُك ِ‬ ‫فِع ٌل َما ٍ‬
‫ال ُم ْس َت ْشفَى َك ِبـ ْيـ ٌر‬
‫ض َمبنِ ٌّي َع َلى ُّ‬ ‫َخ َر ْجـ‬
‫ال ُم ْس َتشْ فَى ُم ْب َت َد ٔا ٌ َمرفُو ٌع َو َعلَا َم ُة َر ْف ِع ِه َض َّم ٌة ُم َق َّد َر ٌة َع َلى ا ِٓخ ِر ِه‬
‫الض ِّم فِي َم َح ِّل َرفْ ٍع فَا ِع ٌل‬
‫َض ِمي ٌر ُم َّت ِص ٌل َمبنِ ٌّي َعلَى َّ‬ ‫ـت‬‫ُ‬
‫ون‪َ .‬لا َم َح َّل لَ ُه ِم َن ِٕالا ْع َر ِ‬ ‫َخ َب ٌر َمرفُو ٌع َو َعلَا َم ُة َر ْف ِع ِه َض َّم ٌة َظا ِه َر ٌة‬ ‫َكبِـ ْيـ ٌر‬
‫اب‬ ‫الس ُك ِ‬‫رف َج ٍّر َمبنِ ٌّي َع َلى ُّ‬
‫َح ُ‬ ‫ِم ْن‬
‫جرو ٌر )بِ ِم ْن( َو َعلَا َم ُة َج ِّر ِه ك َْس َر ٌة ُم َق َّد َر ٌة َعلَى ا ِٓخ ِر ِه‬
‫ال ُم ْس َتشْ فَى اِس ٌم َم ُ‬ ‫وب‬
‫نص ٌ‬
‫َم ُ‬
‫اب‬ ‫رف َع ْط ٍف َمبنِ ٌّي َع َلى ال َف ْت ِح‪َ .‬لا َم َح َّل لَ ُه ِم َن ِٕالا ْع َر ِ‬ ‫َح ُ‬ ‫َفـ‬
‫َر َٔا ْي ُت ال ُم ْس َت ْشفَى ال َك ِبـ ْي َـر‬
‫رف لِ ُم َج َّر ِد ال َّر ْب ِط‬
‫إِ َذا الف َُجائِـ َّيـ ُة‪َ ،‬ح ٌ‬ ‫إِ َذا‬
‫ون لِات َِّصالِ ِه بِ َض ِمي ِر َرفْ ٍع‬ ‫الس ُك ِ‬‫ض َمبنِ ٌّي َع َلى ُّ‬ ‫فِع ٌل َما ٍ‬ ‫َر َٔا ْيـ‬
‫ُم ْب َت َد ٔا ٌ َمرفُو ٌع َو َعلَا َم ُة َر ْف ِع ِه َض َّم ٌة ُم َق َّد َر ٌة َع َلى ا ِٓخ ِر ِه َو ُه َو ُم َض ٌ‬
‫اف‬ ‫َص ِدي ِقـ‬ ‫ُم َت َح ِّر ٍك‬
‫ون فِي َم َح ِّل َج ٍّر ُم َض ٌ‬
‫اف إِلَي ِه‬ ‫الس ُك ِ‬ ‫َض ِم ٌير ُم َّت ِص ٌل َمبنِ ٌّي َعلَى ُّ‬ ‫ْي‬ ‫الض ِّم فِي َم َح ِّل َرفْ ٍع فَا ِع ٌل‬ ‫َض ِم ٌير ُم َّت ِص ٌل َمبنِ ٌّي َعلَى َّ‬ ‫ـت‬ ‫ُ‬
‫الض ِّم‪ .‬الف ِ‬
‫َاع ُل َض ِم ٌير ُم ْس َتتِ ٌر َتق ِد ُير ُه ُه َو‬ ‫فِع ٌل ُم َضارِ ٌع َمرفُو ٌع بِ َّ‬ ‫َي ْن َت ِظ ُر‬ ‫وب َو َعلَا َم ُة ن َْصبِ ِه َف ْت َح ٌة ُم َق َّد َر ٌة َع َلى‬ ‫نص ٌ‬ ‫ال ُم ْس َتشْ فَى َمف ُعو ٌل بِ ِه َم ُ‬
‫نُو ُن ال ِو َقا َي ِة َمبنِ ٌّي َع َلى ال َك ْس ِر‪َ .‬لا َم َح َّل لَ َها ِم َن ِٕالا ْع َر ِ‬
‫اب‬ ‫نِـ‬ ‫ا ِٓخ ِر ِه‬
‫ون فِي َم َح ِّل ن َْص ٍب َم ْف ُعو ٌل بِ ِه‬ ‫الس ُك ِ‬
‫َض ِم ٌير ُم َّت ِص ٌل َمبنِ ٌّي َعلَى ُّ‬ ‫ْي‬ ‫وب َو َعلَا َم ُة ن َْصبِ ِه َف ْت َح ٌة َظا ِه َر ٌة‬
‫نص ٌ‬ ‫نَ ْع ٌت َم ُ‬ ‫ال َكبِـ ْي َـر‬
‫اب‬ ‫رف َج ٍّر َمبنِ ٌّي َع َلى ال َك ْس ِر‪َ .‬لا َم َح َّل لَ ُه ِم َن ِٕالا ْع َر ِ‬ ‫َح ُ‬ ‫بِـ‬
‫جرو ٌر َو َعلَا َم ُة َج ِّر ِه ك َْس َر ٌة َظا ِه َر ٌة‬
‫اِس ٌم َم ُ‬ ‫ُع ْل َب ٍة‬
‫جرو ٌر فِي َم َح ِّل َج ٍّر نَ ْع ٌت لِل ُع ْل َب ِة‬ ‫ِم َن َ‬
‫الح ْل َوى َجا ٌّر َو َم ُ‬
‫الج ْم ُع ال ُم َت َنا ِهي ‪َ of‬م ْنقُوص ‪Examples of Grammatical Analysis for‬‬
‫َ‬
‫‪َ , is on the‬م ْع ًنى ‪َ , which is the plural of‬م َع ٍ‬
‫ان ‪The word‬‬ ‫َمرفُو ٌع‬
‫‪pattern of‬‬ ‫الج ُمو ِع( َمف ِ‬
‫َاع ُل‬ ‫الج ْم ُع ال ُم َت َنا ِهي‪ُ /‬م ْن َت َهى ُ‬
‫‪َ – The‬‬ ‫َه ِذ ِه ال َك ِل َم ُة لَ َها َم َع ٍان َك ِث َير ٌة‬
‫‪َ as‬م ْنقُوص ‪ultimate plural), and at the same time it is‬‬ ‫َه ِذ ِه اِس ُم إِشَ ا َر ٍة َمبنِي َع َلى ال َك ْس ِر فِي َم َح ِّل َر ْف ٍع ُمب َت َد ٔا ٌ‬
‫‪َ ). Other examples include:‬م َعان ِ ُي( ‪its 3rd radical is yâ‬‬ ‫ٌّ‬
‫‪َ of the‬م ْنقُوص ‪. These are called the‬لَ َي ٍال‪ ،‬نَ َوا ٍد‪َ ،‬ج َوارٍ‬ ‫ال َكلِ َم ُة َب َد ٌل َمرفُو ٌع َو َعلَا َم ُة َر ْف ِع ِه َض َّم ٌة َظا ِه َر ٌة‬
‫الج ْم ُع ال ُم َت َنا ِهي‬
‫‪َ , and they are treated just as the‬‬ ‫جرو ٌر ِش ْب ُه ُج ْملَ ٍة فِي َم َح ِّل َر ْف ٍع َخ َب ٌر لِـ ” َم َع ٍان“‬ ‫َجا ٌّر َو َم ُ‬ ‫لَ َها‬
‫‪.‬إِ ْع َراب ‪َ in‬م ْنقُوص‬ ‫َم َع ٍان ُمب َت َد ٔا ٌ َم ْرفُو ٌع َو َعلَا َم ُة َر ْف ِع ِه َض َّم ٌة ُم َق َّد َر ٌة َع َلى َاليا ِء ال َم ْح ُذو َف ِة‬
‫جرو ٌر‬
‫َم ُ‬ ‫الج ْم َل ُة ِالا ْس ِم َّي ُة ”لَ َها َم َع ٍان َكثِ َير ٌة“ فِي‬ ‫الض ِّم‪َ .‬و ُ‬ ‫َكثِ َير ٌة نَ ْع ٌت َم ْرفُو ٌع بِ َّ‬
‫َم َح ِّل َر ْف ٍع َخ َب ٌر لِـ ” َه ِذ ِه“‬
‫ُت ْس َت ْع َم ُل َه ِذ ِه ال َك ِل َم ُة بِ َم َع ٍان َك ِث َير ٍة‬
‫وب‬
‫نص ٌ‬
‫َم ُ‬
‫ول َمرفُو ٌع َو َعلَا َم ُة َر ْف ِع ِه َض َّم ٌة َظا ِه َر ٌة‬ ‫جه ِ‬ ‫تُ ْس َت ْع َم ُل فِع ٌل ُم َضارِ ٌع لِل َم ُ‬
‫َع َلى ا ِٓخ ِر ِه‬ ‫ِف َم َعانِ َي َك ِث َير ًة لِ َه ِذ ِه ال َك ِل َم ِة‬
‫َٔا ْعر ُ‬
‫َه ِذ ِه اِس ُم إِشَ ا َر ٍة َمبنِي َع َلى ال َك ْس ِر فِي َم َح ِّل َر ْف ٍع نَائِ ُب الف ِ‬
‫َاعلِ‬ ‫َاع ُل َض ِم ٌير ُم ْس َتتِ ٌر َتق ِد ُير ُه َٔانَا‬ ‫الض ِّم‪ .‬الف ِ‬ ‫ِف فِع ٌل ُم َضارِ ٌع َمرفُو ٌع بِ َّ‬ ‫َٔا ْعر ُ‬
‫ٌّ‬
‫ال َكلِ َم ُة َب َد ٌل َمرفُو ٌع َو َعلَا َم ُة َر ْف ِع ِه َض َّم ٌة َظا ِه َر ٌة‬ ‫وب َو َعلَا َم ُة ن َْصبِ ِه َف ْت َح ٌة َظا ِه َر ٌة َعلَى ا ِٓخ ِر ِه‬ ‫َم َعانِ َي َم ْف ُعو ٌل بِ ِه َم ْن ُص ٌ‬
‫اب‬ ‫رف َج ٍّر َمبنِ ٌّي َع َلى ال َك ْس ِر‪َ .‬لا َم َح َّل لَ ُه ِم َن ِٕالا ْع َر ِ‬ ‫َح ُ‬ ‫بِـ‬ ‫وب َو َعلَا َم ُة ن َْصبِ ِه َف ْت َح ٌة َظا ِه َر ٌة‬ ‫َكثِ َير ًة نَ ْع ٌت َم ْن ُص ٌ‬
‫جرو ٌر َو َعلَا َم ُة َج ِّر ِه َف ْت َح ٌة ُم َق َّد َر ٌة َعلَى َاليا ِء ال َم ْح ُذو َف ِة‬ ‫َم َع ٍان اِس ٌم َم ُ‬ ‫رف َج ٍّر َمبنِ ٌّي َع َلى ال َك ْس ِر‪َ .‬لا َم َح َّل لَ ُه ِم َن ِٕالا ْع َر ِ‬
‫اب‬ ‫َح ُ‬ ‫لِـ‬
‫الص ْر ِف‬‫لِأَنَّ ُه َم ْم ُنو ٌع ِم َن َّ‬ ‫َه ِذ ِه اِس ُم إِشَ ا َر ٍة َمبنِ ٌّي َع َلى ال َك ْس ِر فِي َم َح ِّل َج ٍّر اِ ْس ٌم َم ْج ُرو ٌر‬
‫جرو ٌر َو َعلَا َم ُة َج ِّر ِه ك َْس َر ٌة َظا ِه َر ٌة‬ ‫َكثِ َير ٍة نَ ْع ٌت َم ُ‬ ‫جرو ٌر َو َعلَا َم ُة َج ِّر ِه ك َْس َر ٌة َظا ِه َر ٌة‬
‫ال َكلِ َم ِة َب َد ٌل َم ُ‬

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ِ ‫ﺑِﺴِﻢ‬

2 Classification of Verbs 10 Exception

3 Noun Declension and Non-Declension 11 Diptote

4 Condition – ‫الشّ رط‬

Combining the Oath with the Condition -

Date Ver Author Revision Comments

Jun. 07, 2015 6 Zahid Naeem Added notes for ‫القسم‬

LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 3 Notes (v. 8) 2

Augmented Three Letter Verb Un-augmented Three Letter Verb

LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 3 Notes (v. 8) 3

‫َف َّع َل‬ ‫َل‬ ‫ف ْع َع‬

‫س‬َ ‫َد َّر‬ He taught ‫س‬َ ‫َد َر‬ He learnt

‫َقـ َّتـ َل‬ He massacred ‫َقـ َتـ َل‬ He killed

‫َك َّس َر‬ He smashed ‫ك ََس َر‬ He broke

‫َس َّب َح‬ He praised/glorified ‫َس َب َح‬ He swam

‫َفـا َع َل‬ ‫َل‬ ‫ف ا َع‬

‫َقـا َت َل‬ He fought ‫َقـ َت َل‬ He killed

‫َجـا َه َد‬ He endeavored, He strived ‫َج َه َد‬ He exerted himself

‫شَ ـا َه َد‬ He viewed, inspected, observed ‫شَ ِه َد‬ He witnessed

‫نَـا َدى‬ He called, He shouted ‫نَدَا‬ He called

‫ا‬ Represents the alphabet (‫) ٔالف‬ ‫ا‬

‫َٔا ْف َع َل‬ ‫َل‬ ‫َع‬ ْ‫َٔا ف‬ ‫َف َُــِـعـ َل‬

‫َٔا ْص َل َح‬ He made someone/something good ‫َص َل َح‬ He was good

‫َٔا ْس َل َم‬ He embraced Islam ‫َس ِل َم‬ He was safe

‫َٔا َرا َد‬ He wanted, He wished ‫َرا َد‬ He looked for,

‫َٔا َقا َم‬ He made someone/something standup ‫َقا َم‬ He stood up

LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 3 Notes (v. 8) 6

‫َت َف َّع َل‬ ‫َل‬ ‫ف ْع َع‬

‫َت َذكَّ َر‬ He remembered ‫َذك ََر‬ He remembered

‫َت َولَّى‬ He turned back ‫َولَى‬ He followed

‫َت َف َّك َر‬ He meditated, reflected ‫َف َك َر‬ He meditated, reflected

‫َت َكلَّ َم‬ He spoke ‫َك َل َم‬ He spoke

LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 3 Notes (v. 8) 7

‫َت َفا َع َل‬ ‫َل‬ ‫ف ا َع‬

‫َت َسا َء َل‬ He asked (one another) ‫َسأَ َل‬ He asked

‫َت َضا َر َب‬ He quarreled, He brawled ‫َض َر َب‬ He hit

‫َتـ َنا َو َم‬ He pretended to sleep ‫نَا َم‬ He slept

LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 3 Notes (v. 8) 8

‫ٱِنْ َف َع َل‬ ‫َل‬ َ ‫ٱِ ْن‬

‫ٱِنْ َق َل َب‬ He/it was overturned ‫َق َل َب‬ He/it overturned

‫ٱِنْ َق َط َع‬ He/it was cut ‫َق َط َع‬ He cut

‫ٱِنْ َك َس َر‬ It got broke ‫ك ََس َر‬ He broke

‫ٱِنْ َب َغى‬ It was fitting and proper ‫َب َغى‬ He desired

‫ٱِ ْن َه َز َم‬ He was defeated ‫َه َز َم‬ He defeated

LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 3 Notes (v. 8) 9

‫ٱِ ْف َت َع َل‬ ‫َل‬ ‫ٱِ فْ َت َع‬ ‫َف َُــِـعـ َل‬

‫ٱِ ْج َت َم َع‬ He came together ‫َج َم َع‬ He collected, gathered

‫ٱِ ْش َت َر َك‬ He entered into partnership ‫شَ ِر َك‬ He shared

‫ٱِنْـ َتـ َهى‬ He terminated, He ceased ‫ن ََهى‬ He prohibited

‫ٱِنْـ َتـ َظ َر‬ He waited ‫نَ َظ َر‬ He saw, looked

‫ٱِ ْف َع َّل‬ ‫َع ْل َل‬ ْ‫ٱِ ف‬ ‫َف َُــِـعـ َل‬

‫ٱِ ْح َم َّر‬ He/it turned red

‫ٱِ ْس َو َّد‬ He/it turned black

‫ض‬َّ ‫ٱِ ْب َيـ‬ He/it turned white

LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 3 Notes (v. 8) 11

‫ٱِ ْس َتـ ْف َع َل‬ ‫َل‬ ‫َع‬ ْ‫س َت ف‬ ِ

‫ٱِ ْس َت ْغف ََر‬ He sought forgiveness ‫َغف ََر‬ He forgave

‫ٱِ ْس َت َطا َع‬ He was able to ‫َطا َع‬ He was obedient

‫اب‬ َ ‫ٱِ ْس َت َج‬ He answered ‫اب‬ َ ‫َج‬ He split

َٔ‫ٱِ ْس َت ْه َزا‬ He mocked, He ridiculed َ‫َهزِئ‬ He mocked, He ridiculed

‫ٱِ ْس َت ْع َج َل‬ He sought to hasten ‫َع ِج َل‬ He hastened

LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 3 Notes (v. 8) 12

‫اِ ْس ُم‬ ‫اِ ْس ُم‬ ‫ِف ْع ُل‬ ‫ال ِف ْع ُل ال ِف ْع ُل‬