Survey Quality Control Procedures

EQUIPMENT SPECIFICATION
Precision and reliability may be subject to anomalies due to multipath, obstructions, satellite
geometry, and atmospheric conditions. The specifications stated recommend the use of stable
mounts in an open sky view, EMI and multipath clean environment, optimal GNSS constellation
configurations, along with the use of survey practices that are generally accepted for performing
the highest-order surveys for the applicable application including occupation time appropriate for
baseline length. Baselines longer than 30 km require precise ephemeris and occupations up to 24
hours may be required to achieve the high precision static specification. For networking Trimble
R8-GNSS survey equipment was used. Trimble R8-GNSS is the most sophisticated and state of
the art equipment being used by the world and is the latest seismic serving system, Trimble R8
GNSS is different from other Trimble products because it has good accuracy standards and best
satellite reception that includes GPS and GLONASS satellite system. Following are the
specifications for Trimble R8 GNSS GPS equipment.
SURVEY EQUIPMENT CALIBRATION

Trimble R8 GPS receivers have resulted in a very accurate and precise residual against the
ground measurements thus proving the manufacturer’s positioning specification of +/-5mm in
single static session .It also indicates that all R8 Receivers Static and Fast Static Survey Modes
are configured properly according to manufacturer’s specification and are duly compatible for
performing any Survey field operation.

Measuring Antenna Heights

The diagram below shows how to measure the height of an antenna mounted on a
range pole when the Measured to field is set to Bottom of antenna or Bottom of
antenna mount. With a fixed height range pole, the height is a constant value.
Measuring the Height of an Antenna on a Tripod

The way to measure this depends on the equipment used.

Zephyr antenna

If this antenna is mounted on a tripod, measure the height to the top of the notch on
the side of the antenna. See the diagram below.

Zephyr Geodetic antenna

If this antenna is mounted on a tripod, measure the height to the bottom of the notch
on the side of the antenna. See the diagram below.

Trimble R8 and 5800 GPS receiver

If this receiver is mounted on a tripod, measure the height to the bottom of the groove
between the gray base and the white top of the antenna, and select Center of
bumper in the Measured to field.

Tip - If you are using a fixed height tripod, you can measure the height to the bottom
of the antenna housing and select Bottom of antenna mount in the Measured to field.

Micro-centered L1/L2 antenna

If this antenna is mounted on a tripod, measure the height to the bottom of the plastic
housing. Enter this value in the Antenna height field and set the Measured to field
to Bottom of antenna .

Ground plane

If you are using a ground plane, see the next section.

Measuring the Height of an Antenna When Using a Ground Plane

The following diagram shows how to measure the uncorrected height of a Micro-
centered antenna (or a Compact L1/L2 antenna) that has a ground plane. Measure to
the underside of the notch in the ground plane.

Tip - Measure the height to three different notches around the perimeter of the ground
plane. Then record the average as the uncorrected antenna height.

1. ESTABLISHMENT OF CONTROL POINTS NET

We were required to build new GPS control points in this area. According to the extent of the
project, we selected location for new control points from pre-plot map in the office with in the
base line limit of 12 kms and calculate their design coordinates. Then the survey team scouted
the design locations and established the monuments. After that we used static observation
method for accurate coordinates..
2. OBSERVATION STANDARDS:
To get the best observation data for each GPS point, the following quality control methods were
taken to establish GPS sites.

The applied main technical standard for static observation is as following:

 Elevation mask is more than 15°

 Observation time> 06hour

 PDOP value is less than 3

 Data logging interval is 15 seconds

 Centering error of GPS antenna is less than 3 mm
 Error of measuring GPS antenna height is less than 3 mm

 At least 4 satellites available during the observation

 According to new ephemeris forecast to select best observation time

The regulations on selecting new GPS control stations are:

 GPS station should be established in open area, no any veil above 10°around it, and easy to set
up GPS receiver

 At least 400 meters far from radio source (such as TV station, microwave station) at least 200
meters far from high-voltage power lines.

 Far from large area of water.

 Easily accessible, easy to extend or connect and safe place to retain and use for long term.
 GPS DATA PROCESSING
All the acquired data was downloaded and processed in Trimble Business Center (TBC) software
version 2.7 according to following parameters:-

World Geodetic Parameters

Spheroid: World Geodetic System 1984(WGS-84)

Semi-Major Axis(a): 6378137.000 m

Inverse Flattening(1/f): 298.2572236

Projection Parameters

Projection type: Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM)

Central Meridian 69 degrees East

Zone 42 N

False Easting: 500000

False Northing: 0

Scale Factor at Origin: 0.9996

Unit of measurement International Meter

Horizontal Datum World Geodetic System 1984(WGS-84)

Geoid Model OSU91A(Global)

Local Ellipsoid

Name/Type Everest 1830

Semi Major Axis(a) 6377276.345

Inverse Flattening(1/f): 300.8017255

Transformation Parameters

Transformation From WGS-84 to Local

Method Molodensky
dX -282.324

dY -699.541

dZ -236.812