2018

FLIPPED CLASSROOM - 2
RISK BASED DESIGN
DEVVRAT CHOWDHARY (8984243)
Prof. CHIARA SMERZINI
 CASE STUDY 1
1. Calculate the stiffness of each pier;

2. Calculate the total stiffness;

3. Calculate the period of vibration;

4. Obtain the spectral acceleration demand by using the 5% damped elastic pseudo-
acceleration (PSA(Tn,ζ)) response spectrum of the signal recorded during the Mw6.1
2012 May 20 earthquake in the Po Plain uploaded in beep
(IT.MRN..HNE.D.20120520.020350.C.ACC.ASC);

An aside: For this point it is suggested to use SeismoSignal Software presented in the
03_Tutorial_PartI. Pay attention to set the corrent scale factor for the unity measure
(remember SeismoSignal uses g!!) and time step dt. All these information are provided
in the header lines of the file

5. Calculate the peak relative displacement;

6. Calculate the maximum total base shear force

7. Plot the peak shear force and bending moment diagram on each pier
STEP 1 - Calculate the stiffness of each pier

Moment of Inertia of the rectangular section:

(𝒉𝒉 ∗ 𝒃𝒃𝟑𝟑 ) 𝟐𝟐. 𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕 ∗ 𝟏𝟏. 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟑𝟑

𝑰𝑰 = = = 𝟎𝟎, 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒 𝒎𝒎𝟒𝟒
𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏

Stiffness of a single column/pier

𝑬𝑬 ∗ 𝑰𝑰 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 ∗ 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟗𝟗 ∗ 𝟎𝟎. 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒

𝑲𝑲 = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 ∗ = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 ∗ = 𝟕𝟕. 𝟏𝟏 ∗ 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟕𝟕 𝑵𝑵/𝒎𝒎
𝒉𝒉𝟑𝟑 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟑𝟑

For crack = 0.5

𝑲𝑲 = 𝟕𝟕. 𝟏𝟏 ∗ 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟕𝟕 ∗ 𝟎𝟎. 𝟓𝟓 = 𝟑𝟑. 𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓 ∗ 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟕𝟕 𝑵𝑵/𝒎𝒎

STEP 2 - Calculate the total stiffness

Total stiffness

Total number of piers = 8

𝑲𝑲𝑲𝑲𝑲𝑲𝑲𝑲 = 𝟑𝟑. 𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓 ∗ 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟕𝟕 ∗ 𝟖𝟖 = 𝟐𝟐. 𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖 ∗ 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟖𝟖 𝑵𝑵/𝒎𝒎

STEP 3 - Calculate the period of vibration

Period of vibration:

𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 ∗ 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟑𝟑

𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻 = = 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐�𝒎𝒎/𝒌𝒌 = 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐� = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔 𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒄𝒄
𝝎𝝎𝒏𝒏 𝟎𝟎. 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 ∗ 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟗𝟗
PSA

Spectral acceleration demand

 𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷(𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻, 𝜻𝜻) = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒 𝒈𝒈 = 𝟑𝟑. 𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗 𝒎𝒎/𝒔𝒔𝟐𝟐

𝒈𝒈 = 𝟗𝟗. 𝟖𝟖 𝒎𝒎/𝒔𝒔𝟐𝟐

STEP 5 - Calculate the peak relative displacement

𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷(𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻, 𝜻𝜻) 𝟑𝟑. 𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗

𝑺𝑺𝒅𝒅 (𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻, 𝜻𝜻) = = 𝟐𝟐 = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝒎
𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 𝟐𝟐 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐
( ) � �
𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻 𝟎𝟎. 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔

STEP 6 - Calculate the maximum total base shear force

𝑽𝑽𝒃𝒃 = 𝒎𝒎 ∗ 𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷(𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻, 𝜻𝜻) = 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 ∗ 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟑𝟑 ∗ 𝟑𝟑. 𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗 = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏. 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑 ∗ 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟑𝟑

STEP 7 - Plot the peak shear force and bending moment diagram on each pier

𝑽𝑽𝒃𝒃,𝒊𝒊,𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄 = 𝒌𝒌𝒊𝒊,𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄 ∗ 𝑺𝑺𝒅𝒅 (𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻, 𝜻𝜻) = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 ∗ 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟗𝟗 ∗ 𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 ∗ 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟔𝟔 𝑵𝑵

𝒉𝒉𝒉𝒉 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏
𝑴𝑴𝒃𝒃,𝒊𝒊,𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄 = 𝑽𝑽𝒃𝒃,𝒊𝒊,𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄 ∗ = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 ∗ 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟔𝟔 ∗ = 𝟕𝟕. 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔 ∗ 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟔𝟔 𝑵𝑵𝑵𝑵
𝟐𝟐 𝟐𝟐
 CASE STUDY 2

STEP 1 - Calculate the stiffness of each pier

Moment of Inertia of the rectangular section:

(𝒉𝒉 ∗ 𝒃𝒃𝟑𝟑 ) 𝟐𝟐. 𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕 ∗ 𝟏𝟏. 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟑𝟑

𝑰𝑰 = = = 𝟎𝟎, 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒 𝒎𝒎𝟒𝟒
𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏

Stiffness of a single column/pier

𝑬𝑬 ∗ 𝑰𝑰 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 ∗ 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟗𝟗 ∗ 𝟎𝟎. 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒

𝑲𝑲 = 𝟑𝟑 ∗ = 𝟑𝟑 ∗ = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕 ∗ 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟕𝟕 𝑵𝑵/𝒎𝒎
𝒉𝒉𝟑𝟑 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟑𝟑

For crack = 0.5

𝑲𝑲 = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕 ∗ 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟕𝟕 ∗ 𝟎𝟎. 𝟓𝟓 = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖 ∗ 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟕𝟕 𝑵𝑵/𝒎𝒎

STEP 2 - Calculate the total stiffness

Total stiffness

Total number of piers = 8

𝑲𝑲𝑲𝑲𝑲𝑲𝑲𝑲 = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖 ∗ 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟕𝟕 ∗ 𝟖𝟖 = 𝟕𝟕. 𝟏𝟏 ∗ 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟕𝟕 𝑵𝑵/𝒎𝒎

STEP 3 - Calculate the period of vibration

Period of vibration:

𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 ∗ 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟑𝟑

𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻 = = 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐�𝒎𝒎/𝒌𝒌 = 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐� = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔
𝝎𝝎𝒏𝒏 𝟕𝟕. 𝟏𝟏 ∗ 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟕𝟕

PSA

Spectral acceleration demand

 𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷(𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻, 𝜻𝜻) = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 𝒈𝒈 = 𝟐𝟐. 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 𝒎𝒎/𝒔𝒔𝟐𝟐

𝒈𝒈 = 𝟗𝟗. 𝟖𝟖 𝒎𝒎/𝒔𝒔𝟐𝟐

STEP 5 - Calculate the peak relative displacement

𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷(𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻, 𝜻𝜻) 𝟐𝟐. 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐

𝑺𝑺𝒅𝒅 (𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻, 𝜻𝜻) = = = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝒎
𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 𝟐𝟐 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 𝟐𝟐
( ) � �
𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻 𝟏𝟏. 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐

STEP 6 - Calculate the maximum total base shear force

𝑽𝑽𝒃𝒃 = 𝒎𝒎 ∗ 𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷(𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻, 𝜻𝜻) = 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 ∗ 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟑𝟑 ∗ 𝟐𝟐. 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 = 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔 ∗ 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟑𝟑

STEP 7 - Plot the peak shear force and bending moment diagram on each pier

𝑽𝑽𝒃𝒃,𝒊𝒊,𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄 = 𝒌𝒌𝒊𝒊,𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄 ∗ 𝑺𝑺𝒅𝒅 (𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻, 𝜻𝜻) = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖 ∗ 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟕𝟕 ∗ 𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 = 𝟕𝟕. 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔 ∗ 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟔𝟔 𝑵𝑵

𝑴𝑴𝒃𝒃,𝒊𝒊,𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄 = 𝑽𝑽𝒃𝒃,𝒊𝒊,𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄 ∗ 𝒉𝒉𝒉𝒉 = 𝟕𝟕. 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔 ∗ 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟔𝟔 ∗ 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 = 𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗, 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 ∗ 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟔𝟔 𝑵𝑵𝑵𝑵
 CASE STUDY 3

STEP 1 - Calculate the stiffness of each pier

Moment of Inertia of the rectangular section:

(𝒉𝒉 ∗ 𝒃𝒃𝟑𝟑 ) 𝟐𝟐. 𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕 ∗ 𝟏𝟏. 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟑𝟑

𝑰𝑰 = = = 𝟎𝟎, 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒 𝒎𝒎𝟒𝟒
𝟏𝟏𝟐𝟐 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏

Stiffness of a single column/pier with height H

𝑬𝑬 ∗ 𝑰𝑰 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 ∗ 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟗𝟗 ∗ 𝟎𝟎. 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒

𝑲𝑲𝑯𝑯 = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 ∗ 𝟑𝟑 = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 ∗ = 𝟕𝟕. 𝟏𝟏 ∗ 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟕𝟕 𝑵𝑵/𝒎𝒎
𝒉𝒉 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟐𝟐

For crack = 0.5

𝑲𝑲𝑯𝑯 = 𝟕𝟕. 𝟏𝟏 ∗ 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟕𝟕 ∗ 𝟎𝟎. 𝟓𝟓 = 𝟑𝟑. 𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓 ∗ 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟕𝟕 𝑵𝑵/𝒎𝒎

Stiffness of a single column/pier with height 2H

𝑬𝑬 ∗ 𝑰𝑰 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 ∗ 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟗𝟗 ∗ 𝟎𝟎. 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒

𝑲𝑲𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 ∗ = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 ∗ = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖 ∗ 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟕𝟕 𝑵𝑵/𝒎𝒎
𝒉𝒉𝟑𝟑 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐

For crack = 0.5

𝑲𝑲𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖 ∗ 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟕𝟕 ∗ 𝟎𝟎. 𝟓𝟓 = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒 ∗ 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟕𝟕 𝑵𝑵/𝒎𝒎

Stiffness of a single column/pier with height 3H

𝑬𝑬 ∗ 𝑰𝑰 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 ∗ 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟗𝟗 ∗ 𝟎𝟎. 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒

𝑲𝑲𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 ∗ = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 ∗ = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 ∗ 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟕𝟕 𝑵𝑵/𝒎𝒎
𝒉𝒉𝟑𝟑 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟐𝟐

For crack = 0.5

𝑲𝑲𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 ∗ 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟕𝟕 ∗ 𝟎𝟎. 𝟓𝟓 = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 ∗ 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟕𝟕 𝑵𝑵/𝒎𝒎

STEP 2 - Calculate the total stiffness

Total stiffness

Total number of piers = 8

𝑲𝑲𝑲𝑲𝑲𝑲𝑲𝑲 = (𝟑𝟑. 𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓 ∗ 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟕𝟕 ∗ 𝟒𝟒) + (𝟎𝟎. 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒 ∗ 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟕𝟕 ∗ 𝟐𝟐) + (𝟎𝟎. 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 ∗ 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟕𝟕 ∗ 𝟐𝟐) = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 ∗ 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟗𝟗 𝑵𝑵/𝒎𝒎

STEP 3 - Calculate the period of vibration

Period of vibration:

𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 ∗ 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟑𝟑

𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻 = = 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐�𝒎𝒎/𝒌𝒌 = 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐� = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖 𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔
𝝎𝝎𝒏𝒏 𝟎𝟎. 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 ∗ 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟗𝟗

PSA

Spectral acceleration demand

 𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷(𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻, 𝜻𝜻) = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑 𝒈𝒈 = 𝟑𝟑. 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 𝒎𝒎/𝒔𝒔𝟐𝟐

𝒈𝒈 = 𝟗𝟗. 𝟖𝟖 𝒎𝒎/𝒔𝒔𝟐𝟐

STEP 5 - Calculate the peak relative displacement

𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷(𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻, 𝜻𝜻) 𝟑𝟑. 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐

𝑺𝑺𝒅𝒅 (𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻, 𝜻𝜻) = = = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝒎
𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 𝟐𝟐
( )𝟐𝟐 � �
𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻 𝟎𝟎. 𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖

STEP 6 - Calculate the maximum total base shear force

𝑽𝑽𝒃𝒃 = 𝒎𝒎 ∗ 𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷(𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻, 𝜻𝜻) = 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 ∗ 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟑𝟑 ∗ 𝟑𝟑. 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 = 𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖 ∗ 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟑𝟑 𝑵𝑵

STEP 7 - Plot the peak shear force and bending moment diagram on each pier

For pier with H height

𝑽𝑽𝑯𝑯,𝒊𝒊,𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄 = 𝒌𝒌𝑯𝑯,𝒊𝒊,𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄 ∗ 𝑺𝑺𝒅𝒅 (𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻, 𝜻𝜻) = 𝟑𝟑. 𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓 ∗ 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟕𝟕 ∗ 𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 = 𝟐𝟐. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 ∗ 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟔𝟔 𝑵𝑵

𝒉𝒉𝒉𝒉 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏
𝑴𝑴𝑯𝑯,𝒊𝒊,𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄 = 𝑽𝑽𝑯𝑯,𝒊𝒊,𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄 ∗ = 𝟐𝟐. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 ∗ 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟔𝟔 ∗ = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏. 𝟑𝟑 ∗ 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟔𝟔 𝑵𝑵𝑵𝑵
𝟐𝟐 𝟐𝟐
For pier with 2H height

𝑽𝑽𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐,𝒊𝒊,𝒄𝒄𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐 = 𝒌𝒌𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐,𝒊𝒊,𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄 ∗ 𝑺𝑺𝒅𝒅 (𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻, 𝜻𝜻) = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒 ∗ 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟕𝟕 ∗ 𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 ∗ 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟔𝟔 𝑵𝑵

𝒉𝒉𝒉𝒉 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐
𝑴𝑴𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐,𝒊𝒊,𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄 = 𝑽𝑽𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐,𝒊𝒊,𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄 ∗ = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 ∗ 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟔𝟔 ∗ = 𝟑𝟑. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 ∗ 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟔𝟔 𝑵𝑵𝑵𝑵
𝟐𝟐 𝟐𝟐

For pier with 3H height

𝑽𝑽𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑,𝒊𝒊,𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄 = 𝒌𝒌𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑,𝒊𝒊,𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄 ∗ 𝑺𝑺𝒅𝒅 (𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻, 𝜻𝜻) = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 ∗ 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟕𝟕 ∗ 𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 ∗ 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟔𝟔 𝑵𝑵

𝒉𝒉𝒉𝒉 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑
𝑴𝑴𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑,𝒊𝒊,𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄 = 𝑽𝑽𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑,𝒊𝒊,𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄 ∗ = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 ∗ 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟔𝟔 ∗ = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑 ∗ 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟔𝟔 𝑵𝑵𝑵𝑵
𝟐𝟐 𝟐𝟐