THERMODYNAMIC

Pablo Diaz Enriquez (76497)

Universidad INCCA de Colombia

ABSTRACT

the next experiment consist in take two different liquids one of them is water and
other is ethanol, i have to take de level and put into the refreeze and when the two
liquids freeze, take the measurement of level and say what happen
Keywords:
Freeze, liquids, measure

INTRODUCTION

Liquids are considered

incomprehensible because within
them there are extreme forces that are
attracted to their molecules, on the
other hand when a pressure is applied
to a liquid its volume is not affected in
large quantities, since its molecules
they have little space with each other;
On the other hand, if we apply a
temperature change to a liquid, its
volume will not undergo considerable
changes. It should be noted that when
the molecules of a liquid are in
continuous increase of movement it is
because of the increase in some
temperature that it is experiencing,
which inclines the liquid to increase the
distance of its molecules, despite this
the attractive forces that they exist in
the liquid oppose that distancing of
their molecules.
OBJETIVE
 analyze the behavior of two
different liquids when frozen
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
Below 4°C, the hydrogen bonds between
water molecules become stronger and
cause the matter to expand. Because the
bonds between water molecules are
stronger, they are less likely to break and
re-form as they do in the liquid state. As a
liquid, water molecules are constantly
moving (forming and breaking hydrogen
bonds) resulting in less expansion. When
frozen, water molecules take a more
defined shape and arrange themselves in
six-sided crystalline structures. The
crystalline arrangement is less dense than
that of the molecules in liquid form which
makes the ice less dense than the liquid
water. When water freezes, volume
expands by approximately 9%.
 PROCESS

 fill two glasses with the different

elements and take them to the
refrigerator until you guess

picture 1. Solid and Liquid structures of Water

When water molecules are in the liquid

state, hydrogen bonds are continuously
being formed and reformed in a disordered
fashion. The average amount of H-bonds a
water molecule has at 25°C is 3.4 bonds.
During freezing, water molecules lose
energy and do not vibrate or move around
as vigorously. This allows more stable
picture 2. glass with water and another
hydrogen-bonds to form between water
molecules, as there is less energy to break with ethanol
the bonds. Because of the crystal lattice
structure imposed on water molecules once  once they are frozen take the
the freezing point is reached, the average
H-bonds per water molecule is much closer measurements to know if they
to its maximum, 4 bonds. The orderly, expanded or contracted
crystalline way in which the hydrogen-
bonds form causes density to decrease
because each water molecule is held away
from its neighbors at a distance equal to
the length of the hydrogen bonds. Thus
water expands as it freezes, and ice floats
atop water. This property is crucial to life as
we know it. Ice sheets on the surface of the
ocean insulate the water beneath and allow
organisms to live in polar regions of the picture 3. glass with solid water and
world, and also prevents oceans from liquid ethanol
freezing solid.

MATERIALS FOR
EXPERIMENT

• Water
• ethanol
• plastic cups
• freezer picture 4. level change measurement
RESULTS around -20 ° C, but this can vary
greatly.
 the water at the time it was
frozen increased 8mm the level CONCLUSIONS
of how it was initially while the
 the water increases its in 8 mm
ethanol did not combine and
volume thanks to the hydrogen
remained at the same level
it contains when it is at low
 Why doesn't ethanol freeze in
temperatures to reach a
the freezer?
solidification it undergoes a
rearrangement which is the
Alcoholic beverages have
expansion of hydrogen and
ethanol as an ingredient. This
therefore increases its volume
type of alcohol is what people
can drink and is "safe" to drink  Ethanol does not freeze
(obviously to some extent). because it needs lower
Ethanol has a freezing point - temperatures to reach
114 ° C, much lower than what solidification and the house's
a domestic freezer can reach. freezer is not able to reach
However, ethanol is not found these temperatures
only in alcoholic beverages and
is always mixed with water and
other ingredients, which raises
the freezing point.
REFERENCE
The amount of ethanol in a drink
is described as the percentage  http://preguntasdequimica.blogspo
of alcohol by volume. The t.com/2017/11/por-que-no-se-
freezing point of a particular congela-el-alcohol-en-el.html
beverage depends mainly on  https://www.monografias.com/tra
the percentage of ethanol in it: bajos16/propiedades-
the higher the percentage of liquidos/propiedades-
alcohol, the lower the freezing liquidos.shtml
point. This means that a vodka,
rum or whiskey is unlikely to
freeze in a domestic freezer.
Beer and wine, however, have a
lower percentage of alcohol, so
they can sometimes be frozen.
A lot depends on the freezer.
Domestic freezers tend to work