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BSA Eng’g 4
ES 31 - Thermodynamics
1. The pressure gage on a 2.5 m3 oxygen tank reads 500 kPa. Determine the amount of
oxygen in the tank if the temperature is 28o C and the atmospheric is 97 kPa.
Given:
V= 2.5m3
Pgage=500 kPa
O2=?
T=28o + 273=301 K
Patm=97 kPa
Solution:
a. Patm=Pabs – Pgage
Pabs=Patm + Pgage
Pabs=97 kPa + 500 kPa
Pabs=597 kPa
b. PV=mRT
m=PV/RT
m= (597 kPa x 2.5m3) / (0.2598 kj.kg-k x 301 K)
m= 19.08 Kg
2. A 400-L rigid tank contains 5 kg air at 25o C. Determine the reading on the pressure
gage if the atmospheric pressure is 97 kPa.
Given:
V =400-L
m =5 kg
T= 25o C
Pgage=97 kPa
Solution:
P=mRT/V
P= (5 kg x 0.287 kPa.m3/kg.K x 298 K) / (0.4 m3)
P= 1069.1 kpa
Pgage = P – Patm
Pgage = 1069.1 kPa – 97 kPa
Pgage = 972.1 kPa
3. A 1-m3 tank containing air at 25°C and 500 kPa is connected through a valve to
another tank containing 5 kg of air at 35°C and 200 kPa. Now the valve is opened,
and the entire system is allowed to reach thermal equilibrium with the surroundings,
which are at 20°C. Determine the volume of the second tank and the final
equilibrium pressure of air.
Let the two tanks be represented by A and B as shown in the figure below.
Given:
Volume of the tank A, VA = 1 m3
Temperature of air in tank A, TA = 25 oC = 298 K
Pressure of air in tank A, PA = 500 kPa
Mass of air in tank B, mB = 5 kg
Temperature of air in tank B, TB = 35 oC = 308 K
Pressure of air in tank B, PB = 200 kPa
Surrounding temperature, Tsurr = 20 oC = 293 K
a. Solution:
Assuming, at given conditions air behaves as an ideal gas.
For air, gas constant R = 0.287 kJ/kmol K
From ideal gas equation, mass of air in tank A is determined by
mA = PAVA / RTA
mA = (500 kPa x 1m3) / (0.287 kj.kmol-K x 298 K)
mA= 5.846 kg
Volume of the tank B can be determined from
VB = mBRTB/PB
VB= (5 kg x 0.287 kj.kg-k x 308 K) / (200 kPa)
VB= 2.21 m3
b.
Now, when the valve is opened
Total volume, V = VA + VB = 1+ 2.21 = 3.21 m3
Total mass of air, m = mA + mB = 5 + 5.846 = 10.846 kg
The final equilibrium pressure (P) can be obtained from the ideal gas equation applied to
total volume
Therefore, P = mRTSum / V
P = (10.846 kg x 0.287 kj.kg-k x 293 K) / 3.21 m3
P= 284.13 kPa.
Given:
T1= 25o C + 273= 298 K
Pgage1= 210 kPa
V= 0.025 m3
Pabs= ? when T2= 50o C + 273= 323 K
mabs= m1-m3
Solution:
a. Pabs1= Pgage1 + Patm1
Pabs1= 210 kPa + 100 kPa
Pabs1= 310 kPa
m1=P1v / RT1
m1= (310 kPa x 0.025 m3) / (0.287 kj.kg-k x 298 K)
m1= 0.09062 kg
b. P2 =mRT2 / V
P2= (0.09062 kg x 0.287 kj.kg-k x 323 K) / (0.025 m3)
P2= 336.0 kPa
Pabs= Pabs2 – Pabs1
Pabs= 336 kPa – 310 kPa
Pabs= 26 kPa
c. Thus T3= 323 K, P3=P1= 310 kPa
m3= P3V / RT3
m3= (310 kPa x 0.025 m3) / (0.287 kj.kg-k x 323 K)
m3= 0.08360 kg
mabs= m2 – m1
mabs= 0.09062 kg – 0.08360 kg
mabs= 0.007018 kg