Introduction Oral

Biology
Terminology
Introduction

 Upon entering any new field it is mandatory to learn the

language of that field.

 Hence in dentistry in order to understand and

communicate concepts, it is vital to learn terms used in
descriptive tooth morphology and dental anatomy.

What is Oral
Biology?????????
ORAL BIOLOGY?

It is that area of knowledge

that deals with the structure,
development, & function of the
oral tissues; both health and
disease.
 Dental Terminology
Maxilla
 Upper Jaw, Immovable
 Maxillary Teeth-all teeth present in the maxilla

Mandible
 Lower Jaw, Movable
 Mandibular Teeth- all teeth present in the mandible.
 The Dentition
 All upper and lower teeth

 Human beings have 2 dentitions through out their life

a) The primary dentition
b) The permanent dentition
 Deciduous Dentition
 Deciduous dentition-primary teeth, baby teeth, 1st set of teeth
 Sheds, falls or exfoliates at a certain age
 20 teeth-10 maxillary teeth, 10 mandibular teeth
 Replaced by the permanent dentition
Deciduous Dentition
 Permanent Dentition
 Follows (erupts after) deciduous dentition.
 32 teeth-16 maxillary teeth, 16 mandibular teeth
Dental Notation-Teeth Numbering
The following notations are used to number/identify teeth:
1.Universal numbering system
 American system" as it is commonly used in the United States.
 uppercase letters A through T are used for primary teeth and the
numbers 1 - 32 are used for permanent teeth.

2. Palmer’s Notation
 Adult teeth are numbered 1 to 8, with primary teeth indicated by a
letter A to E.
 Teeth are divided into 4 quadrants.
 consists of a symbol (┘└ ┐┌) designating the quadrant of the tooth
and a number indicating the position from the midline.
Universal Teeth Numbering
Palmer’s Notation
 3. FDI Notation
 Fédération Dentaire Internationale (FDI)
 it is also known as ISO - International Standards Organization Designation
System (ISO System)
 Widely used by dental professionals.
 Uses a two-digit numbering system in which the first digit represents a
tooth's quadrant and the second digit represents the number of the tooth
from the midline of the face.
 Permanent teeth, the upper right teeth begin with the number, "1". The
upper left teeth begin with the number, "2". The lower left teeth begin with
the number, "3". The lower right teeth begin with the number, "4". \
 Primary teeth, the sequence of numbers goes 5, 6, 7, and 8 for the teeth in
the upper right, upper left, lower left, and lower right respectively.
 Tooth Anatomy
 ANATOMIC Vs CLINICAL CROWN &
ROOT

Anatomic Crown
 Part of the tooth (in the mouth or hand held) covered by an enamel
surface

Anatomic Root
 Part of the tooth covered by a cementum surface.
 Cervical line separates anatomic crown from root
 CLINICAL CROWN AND ROOT

Clinical Crown

 Refers specifically to the amount of tooth

visible

Clinical Root

 Refers to the amount of tooth that is not

visible and is beneath the gingiva covered
with cementum.
Anatomic Crown
Clinical Crown
Surfaces of A Tooth
 Mesial – surface of the tooth nearest the midline of the arch

 Distal – surface of the tooth furthest from the midline

 Occlusal – chewing surface of posterior teeth

 Incisal – cutting edge of the anterior teeth

 Buccal / Labial – facial surface facing the cheek of posterior

teeth/ facial surface facing the lip of anterior teeth

 Palatal / Lingual – surface facing the palate / surface facing the

tongue
Teeth Surfaces