EXCEL REVIEW CENTER ECE REVIEW FOR OCTOBER 2019 BOARD EXAM DE 1

Answer Key to Take Home dy 1 9. D. e^x

 y   x ln x  y 2
Differential Equations 1 dx x  y2  x  dx  2ydy  0
1
1. B. y’ = y/2x Px  Divide both sides by 2ydx:
x y x dy dy 1 x
y 2  cx   0  y  y 1
Q  x   x ln x 2 2y dx dx 2 2
y2
c n2 1
x Px 
1n  Pdx 2
I.F.  e
x
Differentiating both sides:
12  
1 Qx 
x  2yy '   y 2 (1)
dx
I.F.  e x 2
0 n  1
x2 I.F.  e  ln x
1n  
2xyy '  y 2
Pdx
I.F.  x 1 I.F.  e
y2 11
1
y'  So, y1n   I.F.  1  n   Q  I.F.dx  C
dx
I.F.  e 2
2xy
y y12 x 1  1  2    x ln x  x 1dx  C I.F.  e x
y' 
2x 1 10. (e^7t)/7 + 6/7
   ln xdx  C
A. (y – k)dx – (x – h)dy = 0
xy d2 y dy
2.
2
7 0
1 dt dt
  x ln x  x  C or
xy Auxiliary equation:
(x,y) 1 m 2  7m  0
 C  x 1  ln x 
(h,k) xy m1  0 and m 2  7
y  c1e m1t  c 2 e m2 t
6. B. y^3 = (3/2)e^(t^2) + C
y  c1  c 2e 7t
t 2 ln y 2
y '  te at t  0, y  1
t 2 ln y 2
yk y '  te e c1  c 2  1
m=
xh dy 2 y '  7c 2e 7t
 te t y 2
where: m = slope (constant) dt at t  0, y'  1
Differentiating: t2
y dy  te dt
2
1
(x  h)dy  (y  k)dx c2 
0 y3 1 t2 7
(x  h) 2  e C 6
3 2 so, c 2 
(x  h)dy  (y  k)dx  0 7
3 2
(y  k)dx  (x  h)dy  0 y3  e t  C 6 e7t
2 y 
7 7
3. C. Bernoulli equation 7. C. 2; 3
2 11. B. xy = C
4. B. 1/y = (x^2)(sin x + C)   dy  2  3 d 2 y
1      2 x 2  y2  c2
 y    x 2 cos x  y 2
dy 2   dx   dx dy
dx x 2x  2y 0
Raise to 3 both sides: dx
2
P x  , Qx   dy  2   d 2 y 
2 3 dy x
x 
1       2  dx y
P(x)   x 2 cos x and n  2   dx    dx  For orthogonal trajectories:
I.F.  e
1n   Pdx 2nd order, 3rd degree: dy  y

2 dx x
12   dx
8. B. y = xlnx + x
I.F.  e x dy dx
I.F.  e 2ln x
dy x  y

1
 1 y
 y   x
dx x x ln y   ln x  C
I.F.  x 2 dy 1
y1n   I.F.  1  n   Q(I.F.)dx  C  y  1  Linear D.E. ln y  ln x  C
dx x
ln yx  C
y12 x 2  1  2   ( x 2 cos x)x 2dx  C
1
So, I.F.  e   e
Pdx  dx
xy  C
x

1 1 1
 sin x  C or  x 1 
x2y y x 12. A. y = (1/2)e^-2t + 1/2
dy
1
 x 2  sin x  C  Solution : y  I.F.    Q  I.F.  dx  C  2y  1
x2y dt
y 1
  dx  C  ln x  C ye 
Pdt
  Qe 
Pdt
dt  c
5. B. 1/xy = C + x(1 – ln x) x x
at y 1  1
ye    1 e 
dy 2dt 2dt
x  y  y 2 x 2 ln x dt  c
dx C 1
1 2t
y
 ln x  1 ye 2t  e c
Divide both sides by x x 2
y  x ln x  x
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EXCEL REVIEW CENTER ECE REVIEW FOR OCTOBER 2019 BOARD EXAM DE 1

at t  0, y  1  y 2 2y    
x2  2   1  C tan 1 y    and y = 1.
1 x x  2 4 4
c
2 y 2  2xy  x 2  C 20. A. y[x + sqrt (x^2 + 1)] = c
1 1 x 2  2xy  y 2  C
ye 2t  e 2t  ydx  x 2  1dy  0
2 2 C is an arbitrary constant which can
1 1 2t dx dy
y  e be placed in either side of the equal  0
2 2 sign x 1 y
2

13. A. Fourth order, first degree 16. A. xy = C  

ln x  x 2  1  ln y  ln C
xdy  ydx  0
 
Fourth order, since the highest
derivative in the equation is 4th xdy   ydx y x  x2  1  C
derivative. First degree, since the
dy y
exponent or power of the 4th 
dx x 21. D. All circles with centers at (0,0)
derivative is 1.
dy dx For a given family, y’ = y/x; thus the
 orthogonal family satisfies the
14. B. (x + 1) y” – x y’ + y = 0 y x
differential equation y’ = - x/y. In
y = C1x + C2 ex  Eq. 1  separated form, we have xdx + ydy =
Integrating both sides: 0, which can be integrated directly to
y’ = C1 + C2 ex  Eq. 2
ln y   ln x  C
y” = C2 ex
 Eq. 3 x 2 y2
ln y  ln x  C yield   C where C is
Substitute (3) in (2): 2 2
y’ = C1 + y” ln  xy   C arbitrary, so x 2  y 2  2C  r 2
C1 = y’ – y”  Eq. 4 giving circles centered at (0,0).
Expressing in exponential form:
Substitute (3) in (1): eln xy  eC
22. A. 3x – 6ln|x + 2| + 1/2y^2 = c
y = C1x + y”  Eq. 5 
Note: eC is constant = C By separating variables,
xy  C 3xdx dy
 0
Substitute (4) in (5): x  2 y3
y  (y ' y")x  y" 17. A. C1e^-2x + C2e^-3x + (e^x)/12  3xdx dy 
y  y ' x  y" x  y" D 2

 5D  6 y  e x   x  2  y3    0  c
(x  1)y" xy' y  0 m 2  5m  6  0  6  1
m  2,  3
  3  x  2  dx   y3 dy  c
15. C. x^2 – 2xy – y^2 = C
(x + y) dy = (x – y) dx 1
3x  6 ln x  2  c
By inspection, this equation is a 2y 2
C.F.  C1e 2x  C 2e 3x
homogeneous DE, since the
coefficient of the dx and dy are of the 1
P.I.  ex 23. B. e^4x – e^-2x
same degree (degree 1). D  5D  6
2
The characteristic polynomial of the
1 equation
Let: y = vx; dy = vdx + xd  ex
Substitute:
12 m2  2m  8   m  4  m  2 
y  C.F.  P.I.
implying that the general form of all
x(vdx + xdv) + vx(vdx + xdv) = xdx 1 x
y  C1e 2x  C 2e 3x  e solutions is y  c1e 4x  c 2e 2x . Only
– vxdx 12
choice A  e2x  e4x is in this
vxdx + x dv + v xdx + vx dv = xdx –
2 2 2
form.
18. C. y = cos x + 2 sin x
vxdx y" y  0
24. 2  2 sqrt 2
xdx (2v + v2 - 1) + x2 dv (1 + v) = 0 D 2

1 y  0 Direct substitution yields
dx (1  v)dv m  i k(k  1)x k  3kx k  4x k  0
 0
x v 2  2v  1 c.f   c1 cos x  c 2 sin x  And since x is not always 0, we can
Putting x = 0, y(0) = 1  c1  0 claim that k 2  4k  4  0 and solve
dx 1 (2  2v)dv
 x 2  v 2  2v  1
 0
Putting x 
 
, y    2  c2  2
for k  2  2 2

1 2 2 25. sqrt (x^2 + y^2) + y = C

ln x + ln (v2 + 2v - 1) = c
y  
2 Therefore: y = cos x + 2 sin x
x 2  y2 dx  xdy  0
Multiply 2 on both sides: 19. B. 1 By inspection, this equation is a
The equation is separable as homogeneous DE, since the
2
2ln x + ln (v + 2v - 1) = k dy
xdx  2 coefficient of the dx and dy are of the
 
where: k = 2c and solved as
ln [x2 (v2 + 2v - 1)] = k y 1 same degree (degree 1).
x2 (v2 + 2v - 1) = C
x2 Let: y = vx; dy = vdx + xdv
where C = ek  tan 1 y  C where y(0) = - 1
y 2
Substituting v  : 
x implies C  . Then x   Substitute:
4
implies
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EXCEL REVIEW CENTER ECE REVIEW FOR OCTOBER 2019 BOARD EXAM DE 1

vx dx - x 2  v 2 x 2 dx - x(vdx + xdv)  6 y  2x 2  C
at 1,  :
=0  5 at  3, 7 
6 14 C
7  2  3   C
2
vx dx - 1  v 2 xdx  vxdx  x 2dv  0  
5 5 1
C  11
 1  v 2 dx  xdv  0 C 1
So :
x4 1
dx dv y   Ans.
 x   1  v2  0 5 x y  2x 2  11

Reverse Engineering: 34. B. xdy – ydx = 0

Let: v = tan  ; dv = sec2  d Choices:
dx sec 2  d
 x  1  tan 2   0
 Assign a value of x. (Let x = 0.1)
Find the value of y. (x,y)
dx Differentiate using the assigned value
 x   sec  d  0 of x. (0,0)
x4 1
y 
ln x  ln  sec   tan    C 5 x
at x  0.1
ln  x  sec   tan    C
0.14 1 y
x  sec   tan    C y   10.0002 m=
x
; where: m = slope (constant)
5 0.1
where: eC = C Differentiating:
dy d  x 4 1  xdy  ydx
     100 0
Refer to the triangle, substitute values dx dx  5 x  x2
x  0.1
of sec  and tan  to the solution:
dy xdy  ydx  0
Given: Find
dx
x 1  v2 v  C 35. B. y = (1 + x)e^-x^2
(Let x = 0.1 and y = 10.0002)
y y
2
dy
 2xy  e  x
2
v dy 10.0002
x 1     C  0.13   100 dx
x x  dx 0.1
Compare the results General Solution:
x y yC
2 2 1
dy
 px y  q x
31. C. e^5 – e^2.5 dx
26. B. ellipses dy x
5 y  0 ye 
 Qe 
Pdx Pdx
dx e  dx  C
27. D. Ricatti
e y dy  5xdx
ye 
 e x e
2xdx 2 2xdx
28. B. second-order linear  C
homogeneous Integrating both sides:
 e  x e x dx  C
2 2 2

y  e 2.5x  c ye x 
2

29. A. y = (x^4)/5 + 1/x

At x  1, y  0 2

x
dy
 y  x4 ye x  x  C
dx c  e 2.5

y   x  C  e x
2

dy 1
 y  x3 at y  0   1:
dx x x 2
1   0  C  e 0
2

y  e 2.5x  e 2.5
2

30. A. ln(e^v + c)
du y  e5  e 2.5 C 1
 evu
y   x  1 e  x
2
dv
du e v 32. B. e^-3t
 dy
dv e u 3  27y  0 Reverse Engineering:
dt Choices:
e u du  e v dv
3m  27  0 Assign a value of x. (Let x = 0.1)
Find the value of y.
Integrate both sides: m  9
Differentiate using the assigned value
eu  e v  c y  Ce mx of x.
lne u  ln(e v  c) y  Ce 9x y   x  1 e  x
2

u  ln(e v  c) at x  0, y  1 at x  0.1:
Linear D.E.: C 1
y   0.1  1 e 0.1
2

9x
ye
ye 

 Qe 
Pdx Pdx
dx  C y  1.089


1

1 33. A. y = 2x^2 – 11 dy d
  x  1 e  x2
 0.7722

dx dx
ye x  x 3e x dx C dx dx x  0.1
dy
x5  4x Given:
yx  C dx
5
dy  4xdx  int egrate both sides Substitute the value of x, y and y’
x4 C from the choices.
y  y   4xdx
5 x
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EXCEL REVIEW CENTER ECE REVIEW FOR OCTOBER 2019 BOARD EXAM DE 1

dy 39. C. c1/x^3 + c2/x^2 42. C. 2xy dx + (2 + x^2) dy = 0

 2xy  e  x
2

dx Setting x  et , we have A DE whose equation is M(x,y )dx +

N(x,y )dy = 0
0.7722  2  0.11.089   e 0.1 dy dy dx
2

  y'x M N
dt dx dt is exact if 
0.99  0.99 y x
Since
dx d e

t
 
 e t  x and From the choices,
36. C. 2xy – (x^3)/2 + (y^2)/2 = C dt dt 2xydx   2  x 2  dy  0 is an exact
 2y  x 2  dx   y  2x  dy  0 d 2 y d  dy  d  dy 
  x   x    xy DE.
F    2y  x  dx dt  dx  dt  dx 
2
2 dt M = 2xy N = 2 + x2
d  dy  dx (2xy)
x3 x    xy  2x
F  2xy   h  y dx  dx  dt y
 2  x2 
3
 x 2 y" xy'
F    y  2x  dy  2x
dy d 2 y dy x
Thus xy '  and x 2 y"  2 
1 2
F y  2xy  h  x  dt dt dt
43. B. y = (c1 + c2x)e^3x
2 We have
So, F  x, y   C  0 m 2  6m  9  0
d 2 y dy dy
  6  6y  0
x3 1 2 dt 2 dt dt  m  32  0
2xy   y C
3 2 d2 y dy m  3, 3
2
 5  6y  0
dt dt Roots are real and equal
37. A. y^2 = - 2x^2 + C The auxiliary equation is given by Therefore c.f   C1  xC2  e3x and P.I
y 2  4cx m2  5m  6  0 , so that the general =0
2y
dy
 4c solution is c1e3t  c 2e 2t which y   c1  c2 x  e3x
dx c c
dy  y2  equals 13  22
2y  4  x x 44. C. y^2 – x + 1 = Ce^-x
dx  4x   y2ex  xex  dx  2yexdy  0
dy y 40. C. y = (C1 + C2x)e^-2x

d2y
M   y e  xe 
dx 2x dy
 4  4y  0 2 x x

dy 2x dx 2 dx   2ye x
Orthogonal trajectory   y y
dx y
N   2ye 
x
ydy  2xdx Auxiliary Equation:
  2ye x
Integrating both sides: m 2  4m  4  0 x x
M N
y2
 x 2  C  m  2  m  2   0   Exact!
y x
2 m1  m 2  2
y 2  2x 2  C  Mdx    y 2e x  xe x  dx
General Solution :  y 2e x  xe x  e x  h1  y 
38. C. 1/x^2
An integrating factor for an ordinary y   C1  C2 x  e mx
differential equation of the form Mdx
y   C1  C2 x  e 2x  Ndy    2ye x  dy  y 2e x  h 2  x 
+ ndy = 0 is a function of the form
J(x,y) such hat JMdx + JNdy = 0 is h1  y   0 and h 2  x 
41. y = (csc x)(x ln x – x + C)
h1  y    xe x  e x
exact that is,
(JM) (JN) Using Calculator: Casio FX570ES+
 Assign : x  0.5, y  1, y '  A So F  x, y   c  0
y x
The given equation is not exact since Radian mode: y 2e x  xe x  e x  c  0 or
M N 2 sin xy ' cos xy  lnx
   2xy cos y y 2  x  1  ce  x
y x x sin  0.5  A  cos  0.5   ln  0.5 
2 A  y '  3.276

x

1  x 2 y cos y  Solve C in the choices:
45. A. degree 1 order 2

0 For Choice y  csc x(x ln x  x  C) 46. B. third order nonlinear ordinary

differential equation
Buy since
1  M N  2 y  csc x  x ln x  x  C 
r(x)     is a 47. B. Euler’s equation
N  y x  x 1  0.5 ln  0.5  
1  
function of x, an integrating factor is sin  0.5   0.5  C  48. A. Convolution theorem
given by C  1.326
49. A. separable
J(x)  e 
 r(x)dx Then solve for y’ if it match with the
given:
2
  dx 50. B. elliptic
e x
For partial DE Af xx  2Bf xy  Cf yy  0
dy d  1  x ln  x   
 e2 ln x     to be classified as parabolic, elliptic or
dx dx  sin  x    x  1.326  
1 x  0.5 hyperbolic, B2  4AC  or  0 . In this
 2 problem the discriminant is < 0, hence
x dy
 3.276 (it matches) elliptic.
dx

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