Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Hermawan*
Satria, T.*
Akbar, K.*
Sitoru, D.*
Kuswardani, D.**
Guimaraes, C. **
Kowalski, R. **
ABSTRACT
horizontal, long openhole and artificial lift
Matrix stimulation of carbonate reservoirs, despite completion restrictions are still considered
being a mature technique, still presents a challenge challenges that can greatly affect the outcome of a
when long horizontal openhole completions are stimulation treatment. Zonal coverage, the even
producing from fractured formations close to water- distribution of the treatment fluids, is the key to
oil contacts. Total zonal coverage of long carbonate obtaining the best possible result. To overcome
sections, in particular when horizontal, remains a these challenges careful selection of fluids,
challenge. Uniform distribution of the stimulation diversion techniques and placement thru coiled
fluid, while limiting entry into the natural fractures tubing is required.
and possible water sources, requires careful
selection of fluids, diversion and placement The Sepanjang field is on a small island north of the
techniques. east tip of Java, Indonesia (Figure 1). Drilling,
workover and production operations damaged the
This case history describes a successful stimulation middle-late Eocene Ngimbang carbonate formation
of a carbonate formation employing a viscoelastic in this well (Figure 2). Completed as a horizontal
surfactant based self-diverting acid fluid, placed openhole oil producer, its production dropped from
through coiled tubing, using a rotary jetting tool, 500 bopd to less than 200 bopd after receiving the
taking advantage of the existing Y-tool ESP injection of several barrels of crude oil from an
completion. In this particular case, the logistical adjacent well.
constraints that precluded the use of a workover rig
also required particular attention to be given to the An intervention was desired to restore the
protection of the ESP pump system from the effects production of the well. The remote location of the
of the raw and spent acid. field and the expense of supporting operations were
critical considerations in the selection of the
The stimulation treatment increased the production alternatives. The cost of mobilizing a workover rig,
of the well from 200 bopd up to 500 bopd while recompleting the well, and a fracture treatment,
saving the cost of a full workover operation in a eliminated the option of fracture stimulation. Matrix
remote location. The increased water production stimulation was then selected as the stimulation
was an expected possibility, and is being handled technique.
within the capabilities of the artificial lift system
and existing surface facilities. METHODS
INTRODUCTION Conveyance
While stimulation of carbonate reservoirs using acid The remote location made workover with a rig
is a mature technique, complications such as uneconomical. A direct bullheaded treatment would
* Kangean Energy Indonesia
have exposed the ESP to live acid, again risking an
** Schlumberger
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expensive rig intervention. For this reasons Coiled Figure 5). Nodal analysis performed to evaluate pre-
Tubing (CT) was selected as placement method. and post-treatment well performance utilizing the
The coiled tubing size was limited by the size of the generic reservoir and completion parameters for
Y-tool completion, so the rate restriction imposed Ngimbang formation in Sepanjang Field indicated
by the use of 1 ½” OD CT was a drawback of the that most of the production gains would come from
conveyance. The placement of the acid followed the the toe section. For this reason, a large volume
three pass technique described by Uddin et al (40gal/ft) of acid was designed for the toe section,
(2007) that has being successfully applied in other and a lower volume (20 gal/ft) was used for the
openhole carbonates completions. middle and heel sections. Also, again to manage the
overall cost of the treatment, the high porosity toe
A rotating jet bottomhole assembly (BHA) was section was treated using the self diverting acid as
selected to improve the coverage of the exposed main fluid. In the low porosity middle and heel
openhole area and to take advantage of reported sections straight HCl with surfactants was used as
focalized turbulent effects, as suggested by Bogaert main fluid, limiting the self diverting acid to a short
et al (2007). diversion stage (5gal/ft).
The water cut (Figure 4) was already at 30% before • The advantages of acid placement with coiled
the stimulation job and continued climbing over tubing compensate its low pump rate
50%. As discussed earlier, this was a risk that was limitations.
considered and accepted. It is certain that channels
connecting to the water zones have being ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
stimulated, and is expected that as time progresses
water will flow preferentially through this channels The authors would like to thank Kangean Energy
instead of displacing the oil in place. The available Indonesia, BPMigas and Schlumberger for the
ESP completion and the surface facilities have permission to publish this paper.
being able to handle the increased volume of water.
REFERENCES
The ESP has now been running for three months
without any indication of damage from the Uddin, S., Liu, H., Coston, C., Yassin, M., Al-
corrosive fluids pumped in the well. This confirms Dhafeeri, F., 2007, A Novel Stimulation Technique
that CT placement, and careful monitoring and for Horizontal Openhole Wells in Carbonate
handling of the flowback were successful in Reservoirs: A Case Study in Kuwait: SPE 105127
protecting the pump components from damage from presented at the 15th SPE Middle East Oil & Gas
spent acid. Show and Conference held in Bahrain International
Exhibition Centre, Kingdom of Bahrain, 11–14
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS March.
• The increase of oil production is the Bogaert, P., Cavazzoli, G., Perez, D.R., Guimaraes,
confirmation of a successful stimulation C., Trummer, S., Lungwitz, B., 2007, World’s First
treatment, and suggests that good zonal Combined Acid Stimulation of Horizontal
coverage was achieved. Openhole Gravel-Pack Application of Coiled-
Tubing, Dynamically Positioned Vessel, and
• The distribution of acid volumes according to Floating Production, Storage, and Offloading,
the porosity and permeability profile proved to Deepwater Offshore Brazil: SPE 106546 presented
be adequate. at the 2007 SPE/ICoTA Coiled Tubing and Well
Intervention Conference and Exhibition held in
• It is recommended to have production logging Woodlands, Texas, U.S.A., 20-21 March.
data before and after the treatment to optimize
the acid volumes. NOMENCLATURE
PREFLUSH: 7390 ft MD
Start Cumm. CT Cumm.
Design Stop Rate Volume Time
(ft Vol Speed Time
Fluid (ft MD) (BPM) (BBL) (Min)
MD) (BBL) (ft/min) (Min)
Circulate 7390 7390 1 10 10 0.0 10 10
Inject 7390 7390 1 20 30 0.0 20 20
Figure 3 - Production data – Oil rate, Bottomhole Pressure (BHP) and Gas Oil Ratio (GOR)
Figure 4 - Production Data – Wellhead Pressure (WHP), Tubing Choke Size (Tub. Chk) and Water Cut
(WC)
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Zone I: 6580 – 6625 ft MD (Tight Zone): Zone III: 7295 – 7390 ft MD (main target):