List of state leaders in 2011

This is a list of heads of state, heads of governments, and other rulers in the year 2011.

Contents
Africa
Asia
Europe
North America
Oceania
South America
Notes
External links

Africa
Algeria

President – Abdelaziz Bouteflika, President of Algeria (1999–2019)

Prime Minister – Ahmed Ouyahia, Prime Minister of Algeria (2008–2012)
Angola

President – José Eduardo dos Santos, President of Angola (1979–2017)

Benin

President – Thomas Boni Yayi, President of Benin (2006–2016)

Prime Minister – Pascal Koupaki, Prime Minister of Benin (2011–2013)
Botswana

President – Ian Khama, President of Botswana (2008–2018)

Burkina Faso

President – Blaise Compaoré, President of Burkina Faso (1987–2014)

Prime Minister –

1. Tertius Zongo, Prime Minister of Burkina Faso (2007–2011)

2. Luc-Adolphe Tiao, Prime Minister of Burkina Faso (2011–2014)
Burundi

President – Pierre Nkurunziza, President of Burundi (2005–present)

Cameroon

President – Paul Biya, President of Cameroon (1982–present)

Prime Minister – Philémon Yang, Prime Minister of Cameroon (2009–2019)
Cape Verde

President –
 1. Pedro Pires, President of Cape Verde (2001–2011)
2. Jorge Carlos Fonseca, President of Cape Verde (2011–present)
Prime Minister – José Maria Neves, Prime Minister of Cape Verde (2001–2016)
Central African Republic

President – François Bozizé, President of the Central African Republic (2003–2013)

Prime Minister – Faustin-Archange Touadéra, Prime Minister of the Central African Republic (2008–2013)
Chad

President – Idriss Déby, President of Chad (1990–present)

Prime Minister – Emmanuel Nadingar, Prime Minister of Chad (2010–2013)
Comoros

President –

1. Ahmed Abdallah Mohamed Sambi, President of the Comoros (2006–2011)

2. Ikililou Dhoinine, President of the Comoros (2011–2016)
Congo–Brazzaville (Republic of the Congo)

President – Denis Sassou Nguesso, President of the Republic of the Congo (1997–present)
Congo–Kinshasa (Democratic Republic of the Congo)

President – Joseph Kabila, President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (2001–2019)
Prime Minister – Adolphe Muzito, Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (2008–2012)
Djibouti

President – Ismaïl Omar Guelleh, President of Djibouti (1999–present)

Prime Minister – Dileita Mohamed Dileita, Prime Minister of Djibouti (2001–2013)
Egypt

Head of State –

1. Hosni Mubarak, President of Egypt (1981–2011)

2. Mohamed Hussein Tantawi, Chairman of the Armed Forces Supreme Council of Egypt (2011–2012)
Prime Minister –

1. Ahmed Nazif, Prime Minister of Egypt (2004–2011)

2. Ahmed Shafik, Prime Minister of Egypt (2011)
3. Essam Sharaf, Prime Minister of Egypt (2011)
4. Kamal Ganzouri, Prime Minister of Egypt (2011–2012)
Equatorial Guinea

President – Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, President of Equatorial Guinea (1979–present)

Prime Minister – Ignacio Milam Tang, Prime Minister of Equatorial Guinea (2008–2012)
Eritrea

President – Isaias Afwerki, President of Eritrea (1991–present) [a]

Ethiopia

President – Girma Wolde-Giorgis, President of Ethiopia (2001–2013)

Prime Minister – Meles Zenawi, Prime Minister of Ethiopia (1995–2012)
Gabon

President – Ali Bongo Ondimba, President of Gabon (2009–present)

Prime Minister – Paul Biyoghé Mba, Prime Minister of Gabon (2009–2012)
The Gambia

President – Yahya Jammeh, President of the Gambia (1994–2017)

 Ghana

President – John Atta Mills, President of Ghana (2009–2012)

Guinea

President – Alpha Condé, President of Guinea (2010–present)

Prime Minister – Mohamed Said Fofana, Prime Minister of Guinea (2010–2015)
Guinea-Bissau

President – Malam Bacai Sanhá, President of Guinea-Bissau (2009–2012)

Prime Minister – Carlos Gomes Júnior, Prime Minister of Guinea-Bissau (2009–2012)
Ivory Coast

President –

1. Laurent Gbagbo, President of the Ivory Coast (2000–2011; claimant, 2010–2011)

2. Alassane Ouattara, President of the Ivory Coast (2010–present)
Prime Minister –

Guillaume Soro, Prime Minister of the Ivory Coast (2007–2012)

Gilbert Aké, Prime Minister of the Ivory Coast (claimant, 2010–2011)
Kenya

President – Mwai Kibaki, President of Kenya (2002–2013)

Prime Minister – Raila Odinga, Prime Minister of Kenya (2008–2013)
Lesotho

Monarch – Letsie III, King of Lesotho (1996–present)

Prime Minister – Pakalitha Mosisili, Prime Minister of Lesotho (1998–2012)
Liberia

President – Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, President of Liberia (2006–2018)

Libya

with the fall of the capital, the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya was superseded on 23 August
De facto Head of State – Muammar Gaddafi, Guide of the Revolution of Libya (1969–2011)
De jure Head of State – Mohamed Abu al-Qasim al-Zwai, Secretary General of General People's Congress of
Libya (2010–2011)
Head of State – Mustafa Abdul Jalil, Chairman of the National Transitional Council of Libya (2011–2012)
Prime Minister –

1. Baghdadi Mahmudi, General Secretary of the General People's Committee of Libya (2006–2011)
2. Mahmoud Jibril, Acting Prime Minister of Libya (2011)
3. Ali Tarhouni, Acting Prime Minister of Libya (2011)
4. Abdurrahim El-Keib, Acting Prime Minister of Libya (2011–2012)
Madagascar

Head of State – Andry Rajoelina, President of the High Transitional Authority of Madagascar (2009–2014)
Prime Minister –

1. Albert Camille Vital, Prime Minister of Madagascar (2009–2011)

2. Omer Beriziky, Prime Minister of Madagascar (2011–2014)
Malawi

President – Bingu wa Mutharika, President of Malawi (2004–2012)

Mali

President – Amadou Toumani Touré, President of Mali (2002–2012)

Prime Minister –
 1. Modibo Sidibé, Prime Minister of Mali (2007–2011)
2. Cissé Mariam Kaïdama Sidibé, Prime Minister of Mali (2011–2012)
Mauritania

President – Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz, President of Mauritania (2009–2019)

Prime Minister – Moulaye Ould Mohamed Laghdaf, Prime Minister of Mauritania (2008–2014)
Mauritius

President – Sir Anerood Jugnauth, President of Mauritius (2003–2012)

Prime Minister – Navin Ramgoolam, Prime Minister of Mauritius (2005–2014)
Mayotte (overseas collectivity of France)

became an overseas department of the French Republic on 31 March

Prefect – Hubert Derache, Prefect of Mayotte (2009–2011)
Head of Government –

1. Ahmed Attoumani Douchina, President of the General Council of Mayotte (2008–2011)

2. Daniel Zaïdani, President of the General Council of Mayotte (2011–2015)
Morocco

Monarch – Mohammed VI, King of Morocco (1999–present)

Prime Minister –

1. Abbas El Fassi, Prime Minister of Morocco (2007–2011)

2. Abdelilah Benkirane, Head of Government of Morocco (2011–2017)
Western Sahara (self-declared, partially recognised state)

President – Mohamed Abdelaziz, President of Western Sahara (1976–2016)

Prime Minister – Abdelkader Taleb Omar, Prime Minister of Western Sahara (2003–2018)
Mozambique

President – Armando Guebuza, President of Mozambique (2005–2015)

Prime Minister – Aires Ali, Prime Minister of Mozambique (2010–2012)
Namibia

President – Hifikepunye Pohamba, President of Namibia (2005–2015)

Prime Minister – Nahas Angula, Prime Minister of Namibia (2005–2012)
Niger

Head of State –

1. Salou Djibo, President of the Supreme Council for the Restoration of Democracy of Niger (2010–2011)
2. Mahamadou Issoufou, President of Niger (2011–present)
Prime Minister –

1. Mahamadou Danda, Prime Minister of Niger (2010–2011)

2. Brigi Rafini, Prime Minister of Niger (2011–present)
Nigeria

President – Goodluck Jonathan, President of Nigeria (2010–2015)

Rwanda

President – Paul Kagame, President of Rwanda (2000–present)

Prime Minister –

1. Bernard Makuza, Prime Minister of Rwanda (2000–2011)

2. Pierre Habumuremyi, Prime Minister of Rwanda (2011–2014)
Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha (Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom)
Governor –

1. Andrew Gurr, Governor of Saint Helena (2007–2011)

2. Ken Baddon, Acting Governor of Saint Helena (2011)
3. Mark Andrew Capes, Governor of Saint Helena (2011–2016)
São Tomé and Príncipe

President –

1. Fradique de Menezes, President of São Tomé and Príncipe (2003–2011)

2. Manuel Pinto da Costa, President of São Tomé and Príncipe (2011–2016)
Prime Minister – Patrice Trovoada, Prime Minister of São Tomé and Príncipe (2010–2012)
Senegal

President – Abdoulaye Wade, President of Senegal (2000–2012)

Prime Minister – Souleymane Ndéné Ndiaye, Prime Minister of Senegal (2009–2012)
Seychelles

President – James Michel, President of Seychelles (2004–2016)

Sierra Leone

President – Ernest Bai Koroma, President of Sierra Leone (2007–2018)

Somalia

President – Sharif Sheikh Ahmed, President of Somalia (2009–2012)

Prime Minister –

1. Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed, Prime Minister of Somalia (2010–2011)

2. Abdiweli Mohamed Ali, Prime Minister of Somalia (2011–2012)
Somaliland (unrecognised, secessionist state)

President – Ahmed Mohamed Mohamoud, President of Somaliland (2010–2017)

Puntland (self-declared autonomous state)

President – Abdirahman Farole, President of Puntland (2009–2014)

South Africa

President – Jacob Zuma, President of South Africa (2009–2018)

South Sudan

the Southern Sudan Autonomous Region seceded from the Republic of the Sudan on 9 July
President – Salva Kiir Mayardit, President of South Sudan (2005–present) [b]
Sudan

President – Omar al-Bashir, President of Sudan (1989–2019)

Swaziland

Monarch – Mswati III, King of Swaziland (1986–present)

Prime Minister – Barnabas Sibusiso Dlamini, Prime Minister of Swaziland (2008–2018)
Tanzania

President – Jakaya Kikwete, President of Tanzania (2005–2015)

Prime Minister – Mizengo Pinda, Prime Minister of Tanzania (2008–2015)
Togo

President – Faure Gnassingbé, President of Togo (2005–present)

Prime Minister – Gilbert Houngbo, Prime Minister of Togo (2008–2012)
Tunisia
 President –

1. Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, President of Tunisia (1987–2011)

2. Mohamed Ghannouchi, Acting President of Tunisia (2011)
3. Fouad Mebazaa, Acting President of Tunisia (2011)
4. Moncef Marzouki, President of Tunisia (2011–2014)
Prime Minister –

1. Mohamed Ghannouchi, Prime Minister of Tunisia (1999–2011)

2. Beji Caid Essebsi, Prime Minister of Tunisia (2011)
3. Hamadi Jebali, Prime Minister of Tunisia (2011–2013)
Uganda

President – Yoweri Museveni, President of Uganda (1986–present)

Prime Minister –

1. Apolo Nsibambi, Prime Minister of Uganda (1999–2011)

2. Amama Mbabazi, Prime Minister of Uganda (2011–2014)
Zambia

President –

1. Rupiah Banda, President of Zambia (2008–2011)

2. Michael Sata, President of Zambia (2011–2014)
Zimbabwe

President – Robert Mugabe, President of Zimbabwe (1987–2017)

Prime Minister – Morgan Tsvangirai, Prime Minister of Zimbabwe (2009–2013)

Asia
Afghanistan

President – Hamid Karzai, President of Afghanistan (2001–2014)

Bahrain

Monarch – Sheikh Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa, King of Bahrain (1999–present)

Prime Minister – Prince Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa, Prime Minister of Bahrain (1970–present) [c]
Bangladesh

President – Zillur Rahman, President of Bangladesh (2009–2013)

Prime Minister – Sheikh Hasina, Prime Minister of Bangladesh (2009–present)
Bhutan

Monarch – Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck, King of Bhutan (2006–present)

Prime Minister – Jigme Thinley, Prime Minister of Bhutan (2008–2013)
Brunei

Monarch – Hassanal Bolkiah, Sultan of Brunei (1967–present) [d]

Prime Minister – Hassanal Bolkiah, Prime Minister of Brunei (1984–present)
Cambodia

Monarch – Norodom Sihamoni, King of Cambodia (2004–present)

Prime Minister – Hun Sen, Prime Minister of Cambodia (1985–present) [e]
China (People's Republic of China)

Communist Party Leader – Hu Jintao, General Secretary of the Communist Party of China (2002–2012)
President – Hu Jintao, President of China (2003–2013)
Premier – Wen Jiabao, Premier of the State Council of China (2003–2013)
East Timor

President – José Ramos-Horta, President of East Timor (2007–2012)

Prime Minister – Xanana Gusmão, Prime Minister of East Timor (2007–2015)
India

President – Pratibha Patil, President of India (2007–2012)

Prime Minister – Manmohan Singh, Prime Minister of India (2004–2014)
Indonesia

President – Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, President of Indonesia (2004–2014)

Iran

Supreme Leader – Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, Supreme Leader of Iran (1989–present)

President – Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, President of Iran (2005–2013)
Iraq

President – Jalal Talabani, President of Iraq (2005–2014) [f]

Prime Minister – Nouri al-Maliki, Prime Minister of Iraq (2006–2014)
Israel

President – Shimon Peres, President of Israel (2007–2014)

Prime Minister – Benjamin Netanyahu, Prime Minister of Israel (2009–present)
Palestinian National Authority (non-state administrative authority)

President – Mahmoud Abbas, President of the Palestinian National Authority (in the West Bank) (2005–
present)
Prime Minister – Salam Fayyad, Prime Minister of the Palestinian National Authority (in the West Bank)
(2007–2013)
Gaza Strip (rebelling against the Palestinian National Authority, in the West Bank)

President – Aziz Duwaik, Acting President of the Palestinian National Authority (in the Gaza Strip)
(2009–2014)
Prime Minister – Ismail Haniyeh, Prime Minister of the Palestinian National Authority (in the Gaza
Strip) (2007–2014)
Japan

Monarch – Akihito, Emperor of Japan (1989–2019)

Prime Minister –

1. Naoto Kan, Prime Minister of Japan (2010–2011)

2. Yoshihiko Noda, Prime Minister of Japan (2011–2012)
Jordan

Monarch – Abdullah II, King of Jordan (1999–present)

Prime Minister –

1. Samir Rifai, Prime Minister of Jordan (2009–2011)

2. Marouf al-Bakhit, Prime Minister of Jordan (2011)
3. Awn Al-Khasawneh, Prime Minister of Jordan (2011–2012)
Kazakhstan

President – Nursultan Nazarbayev, President of Kazakhstan (1990–2019) [g]

Prime Minister – Karim Massimov, Prime Minister of Kazakhstan (2007–2012)
North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea)

Communist Party Leader – Kim Jong-il, General Secretary of the Workers' Party of Korea (1997–2011)
De facto Head of State –

1. Kim Jong-il, Chairman of the National Defence Commission of North Korea [h] (1993–2011)
2. Kim Jong-un, Supreme leader of North Korea (2011–present)
De jure Head of State – Kim Yong-nam, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly of
North Korea (1998–2019)
Premier – Choe Yong-rim, Premier of the Cabinet of North Korea (2010–2013)
South Korea (Republic of Korea)

President – Lee Myung-bak, President of South Korea (2008–2013)

Prime Minister – Kim Hwang-sik, Prime Minister of South Korea (2010–2013)
Kuwait

Monarch – Sheikh Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah, Emir of Kuwait (2006–present)

Prime Minister –

1. Sheikh Nasser Al-Sabah, Prime Minister of Kuwait (2006–2011)

2. Sheikh Jaber Al-Mubarak Al-Hamad Al-Sabah, Prime Minister of Kuwait (2011–present)
Kyrgyzstan

President –

1. Roza Otunbayeva, President of Kyrgyzstan (2010–2011)

2. Almazbek Atambayev, President of Kyrgyzstan (2011–2017)
Prime Minister –

1. Almazbek Atambayev, Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan (2010–2011)

2. Omurbek Babanov, Acting Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan (2011)
3. Almazbek Atambayev, Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan (2011)
4. Omurbek Babanov, Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan (2011–2012)
Laos

Communist Party Leader – Choummaly Sayasone, General Secretary of the Lao People's Revolutionary
Party (2006–2016)
President – Choummaly Sayasone, President of Laos (2006–2016)
Prime Minister – Thongsing Thammavong, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Laos (2010–2016)
Lebanon

President – Michel Suleiman, President of Lebanon (2008–2014)

Prime Minister –

1. Saad Hariri, President of the Council of Ministers of Lebanon (2009–2011)

2. Najib Mikati, President of the Council of Ministers of Lebanon (2011–2014)
Malaysia

Monarch –

1. Tuanku Mizan Zainal Abidin, Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia (2006–2011)

2. Tuanku Abdul Halim, Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia (2011–2016)
Prime Minister – Najib Razak, Prime Minister of Malaysia (2009–2018)
Maldives

President – Mohamed Nasheed, President of the Maldives (2008–2012)

Mongolia

President – Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj, President of Mongolia (2009–2017)

Prime Minister – Sükhbaataryn Batbold, Prime Minister of Mongolia (2009–2012)
Myanmar
Head of State –

1. Than Shwe, Chairman of the State Peace and Development Council of Myanmar (1992–2011)
2. Thein Sein, President of Myanmar (2011–2016)
Prime Minister – Thein Sein, Prime Minister of Myanmar (2007–2011)
Nepal

President – Ram Baran Yadav, President of Nepal (2008–2015)

Prime Minister –

1. Madhav Kumar Nepal, Prime Minister of Nepal (2009–2011)

2. Jhala Nath Khanal, Prime Minister of Nepal (2011)
3. Baburam Bhattarai, Prime Minister of Nepal (2011–2013)
Oman

Monarch – Qaboos bin Said al Said, Sultan of Oman (1970–present)

Prime Minister – Qaboos bin Said al Said, Prime Minister of Oman (1972–present)
Pakistan

President – Asif Ali Zardari, President of Pakistan (2008–2013)

Prime Minister – Yousaf Raza Gillani, Prime Minister of Pakistan (2008–2012)
Philippines

President – Benigno Aquino, President of the Philippines (2010–2016)

Qatar

Monarch – Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani, Emir of Qatar (1995–2013)

Prime Minister – Sheikh Hamad bin Jassim bin Jaber Al Thani, Prime Minister of Qatar (2007–2013)
Saudi Arabia

Monarch – Abdullah, King of Saudi Arabia (2005–2015)

Prime Minister – Abdullah, Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia (2005–2015)
Singapore

President –

1. S. R. Nathan, President of Singapore (1999–2011)

2. Tony Tan, President of Singapore (2011–2017)
Prime Minister – Lee Hsien Loong, Prime Minister of Singapore (2004–present)
Sri Lanka

President – Mahinda Rajapaksa, President of Sri Lanka (2005–2015)

Prime Minister – D. M. Jayaratne, Prime Minister of Sri Lanka (2010–2015)
Syria

President – Bashar al-Assad, President of Syria (2000–present)

Prime Minister –

1. Muhammad Naji al-Otari, Prime Minister of Syria (2003–2011)

2. Adel Safar, Prime Minister of Syria (2011–2012)
Taiwan (Republic of China)

President – Ma Ying-jeou, President of Taiwan (2008–2016)

Premier – Wu Den-yih, President of the Executive Yuan of Taiwan (2009–2012)
Tajikistan

President – Emomali Rahmon, President of Tajikistan (1992–present)

Prime Minister – Oqil Oqilov, Prime Minister of Tajikistan (1999–2013)
 Thailand

Monarch – Bhumibol Adulyadej, King of Thailand (1946–2016)

Prime Minister –

1. Abhisit Vejjajiva, Prime Minister of Thailand (2008–2011)

2. Yingluck Shinawatra, Prime Minister of Thailand (2011–2014)
Turkey

President – Abdullah Gül, President of Turkey (2007–2014)

Prime Minister – Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, Prime Minister of Turkey (2003–2014)
Turkmenistan

President – Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow, President of Turkmenistan (2006–present)

United Arab Emirates

President – Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan, President of the United Arab Emirates (2004–present)
Prime Minister – Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates
(2006–present)
Uzbekistan

President – Islam Karimov, President of Uzbekistan (1990–2016) [i]

Prime Minister – Shavkat Mirziyoyev, Prime Minister of Uzbekistan (2003–2016)
Vietnam

Communist Party Leader –

1. Nông Đức Mạnh, General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam (2001–2011)
2. Nguyễn Phú Trọng, General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam (2011–present)
President –

1. Nguyễn Minh Triết, President of Vietnam (2006–2011)

2. Trương Tấn Sang, President of Vietnam (2011–2016)
Prime Minister – Nguyễn Tấn Dũng, Prime Minister of Vietnam (2006–2016)
Yemen

President –

Ali Abdullah Saleh, President of Yemen (1978–2012) [j]

Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi, Acting President of Yemen [k]
Prime Minister –

1. Ali Muhammad Mujawar, Prime Minister of Yemen (2007–2011)

2. Mohammed Basindawa, Prime Minister of Yemen (2011–2014)

Europe
Albania

President – Bamir Topi, President of Albania (2007–2012)

Prime Minister – Sali Berisha, Prime Minister of Albania (2005–2013)
Andorra

Monarchs –

French Co-Prince – Nicolas Sarkozy, French Co-prince of Andorra (2007–2012)

Co-Prince's Representative – Christian Frémont (2008–2012)

 Episcopal Co-Prince – Archbishop Joan Enric Vives Sicília, Episcopal Co-prince of Andorra (2003–
present)

Co-Prince's Representative – Nemesi Marqués Oste (1993–2012)

Prime Minister –

1. Jaume Bartumeu, Head of Government of Andorra (2009–2011)

2. Pere López Agràs, Acting Head of Government of Andorra (2011)
3. Antoni Martí, Head of Government of Andorra (2011–2015)
Armenia

President – Serzh Sargsyan, President of Armenia (2008–2018)

Prime Minister – Tigran Sargsyan, Prime Minister of Armenia (2008–2014)
Austria

President – Heinz Fischer, Federal President of Austria (2004–2016)

Chancellor – Werner Faymann, Federal Chancellor of Austria (2008–2016)
Azerbaijan

President – Ilham Aliyev, President of Azerbaijan (2003–present)

Prime Minister – Artur Rasizade, Prime Minister of Azerbaijan (2003–2018)
Nagorno-Karabakh (unrecognised, secessionist state)

President – Bako Sahakyan, President of Nagorno-Karabakh (2007–present)

Prime Minister – Arayik Harutyunyan, Prime Minister of Nagorno-Karabakh (2007–2017)
Belarus

President – Alexander Lukashenko, President of Belarus (1994–present)

Prime Minister – Mikhail Myasnikovich, Prime Minister of Belarus (2010–2014)
Belgium

Monarch – Albert II, King of the Belgians (1993–2013)

Prime Minister –

1. Yves Leterme, Prime Minister of Belgium (2009–2011)

2. Elio Di Rupo, Prime Minister of Belgium (2011–2014)
Bosnia and Herzegovina

Head of State – Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Serb Member – Nebojša Radmanović (2006–2014; Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and
Herzegovina, 2010–2011)
Croat Member – Željko Komšić (2006–2014; Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina,
2011–2012)
Bosniak Member – Bakir Izetbegović (2010–2018)
Prime Minister – Nikola Špirić, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina (2007–2012)
High Representative – Valentin Inzko, High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina (2009–present)
Bulgaria

President – Georgi Parvanov, President of Bulgaria (2002–2012)

Prime Minister – Boyko Borisov, Prime Minister of Bulgaria (2009–2013)
Croatia

President – Ivo Josipović, President of Croatia (2010–2015)

Prime Minister –

1. Jadranka Kosor, Prime Minister of Croatia (2009–2011)

2. Zoran Milanović, Prime Minister of Croatia (2011–2016)
Cyprus
President – Demetris Christofias, President of Cyprus (2008–2013)
Northern Cyprus (unrecognised, secessionist state)

President – Derviş Eroğlu, President of Northern Cyprus (2010–2015)

Prime Minister – İrsen Küçük, Prime Minister of Northern Cyprus (2010–2013)
Czech Republic

President – Václav Klaus, President of the Czech Republic (2003–2013)

Prime Minister – Petr Nečas, Prime Minister of the Czech Republic (2010–2013)
Denmark

Monarch – Margrethe II, Queen of Denmark (1972–present)

Prime Minister –

1. Lars Løkke Rasmussen, Prime Minister of Denmark (2009–2011)

2. Helle Thorning-Schmidt, Prime Minister of Denmark (2011–2015)
Estonia

President – Toomas Hendrik Ilves, President of Estonia (2006–2016)

Prime Minister – Andrus Ansip, Prime Minister of Estonia (2005–2014)
Finland

President – Tarja Halonen, President of Finland (2000–2012)

Prime Minister –

1. Mari Kiviniemi, Prime Minister of Finland (2010–2011)

2. Jyrki Katainen, Prime Minister of Finland (2011–2014)
France

President – Nicolas Sarkozy, President of France (2007–2012)

Prime Minister – François Fillon, Prime Minister of France (2007–2012)
Georgia

President – Mikheil Saakashvili, President of Georgia (2008–2013)

Prime Minister – Nika Gilauri, Prime Minister of Georgia (2009–2012)
Abkhazia (partially recognised, secessionist state)

President –

1. Sergei Bagapsh, President of Abkhazia (2005–2011)

2. Alexander Ankvab, President of Abkhazia (2011–2014)
Prime Minister –

1. Sergei Shamba, Prime Minister of Abkhazia (2010–2011)

2. Leonid Lakerbaia, Prime Minister of Abkhazia (2011–2014)
South Ossetia (partially recognised, secessionist state)

President –

1. Eduard Kokoity, President of South Ossetia (2001–2011)

2. Vadim Brovtsev, Acting President of South Ossetia (2011–2012)
Prime Minister – Vadim Brovtsev, Prime Minister of South Ossetia (2009–2012)
Germany

President – Christian Wulff, Federal President of Germany (2010–2012)

Chancellor – Angela Merkel, Federal Chancellor of Germany (2005–present)
Greece

President – Karolos Papoulias, President of Greece (2005–2015)

Prime Minister –

1. George Papandreou, Prime Minister of Greece (2009–2011)

2. Lucas Papademos, Prime Minister of Greece (2011–2012)
Hungary

President – Pál Schmitt, President of Hungary (2010–2012)

Prime Minister – Viktor Orbán, Prime Minister of Hungary (2010–present)
Iceland

President – Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson, President of Iceland (1996–2016)

Prime Minister – Jóhanna Sigurðardóttir, Prime Minister of Iceland (2009–2013)
Ireland

President –

1. Mary McAleese, President of Ireland (1997–2011)

2. Michael D. Higgins, President of Ireland (2011–present)
Prime Minister –

1. Brian Cowen, Taoiseach of Ireland (2008–2011)

2. Enda Kenny, Taoiseach of Ireland (2011–2017)
Italy

President – Giorgio Napolitano, President of Italy (2006–2015)

Prime Minister –

1. Silvio Berlusconi, President of the Council of Ministers of Italy (2008–2011)

2. Mario Monti, President of the Council of Ministers of Italy (2011–2013)
Latvia

President –

1. Valdis Zatlers, President of Latvia (2007–2011)

2. Andris Bērziņš, President of Latvia (2011–2015)
Prime Minister – Valdis Dombrovskis, Prime Minister of Latvia (2009–2014)
Liechtenstein

Monarch – Hans-Adam II, Prince Regnant of Liechtenstein (1989–present)

Regent – Hereditary Prince Alois, Regent of Liechtenstein (2004–present)
Prime Minister – Klaus Tschütscher, Head of Government of Liechtenstein (2009–2013)
Lithuania

President – Dalia Grybauskaitė, President of Lithuania (2009–2019)

Prime Minister – Andrius Kubilius, Prime Minister of Lithuania (2008–2012)
Luxembourg

Monarch – Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (2000–present)

Prime Minister – Jean-Claude Juncker, Prime Minister of Luxembourg (1995–2013)
Macedonia

President – Gjorge Ivanov, President of Macedonia (2009–2019)

Prime Minister – Nikola Gruevski, President of the Government of Macedonia (2006–2016)
Malta

President – George Abela, President of Malta (2009–2014)

Prime Minister – Lawrence Gonzi, Prime Minister of Malta (2004–2013)
Moldova
President – Marian Lupu, Acting President of Moldova (2010–2012)
Prime Minister – Vlad Filat, Prime Minister of Moldova (2009–2013)
Transnistria (unrecognised, secessionist state)

President –

1. Igor Smirnov, President of Transnistria (1990–2011) [l]

2. Yevgeny Shevchuk, President of Transnistria (2011–2016)
Monaco

Monarch – Albert II, Sovereign Prince of Monaco (2005–present)

Prime Minister – Michel Roger, Minister of State of Monaco (2010–2015)
Montenegro

President – Filip Vujanović, President of Montenegro (2003–2018) [m]

Prime Minister – Igor Lukšić, President of the Government of Montenegro (2010–2012)
Kingdom of the Netherlands

Monarch – Beatrix, Queen of the Netherlands (1980–2013)

Netherlands (constituent country)

Prime Minister – Mark Rutte, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (2010–present)

Aruba (constituent country)

see § North America

Curaçao (constituent country)

see § North America

Sint Maarten (constituent country)

see § North America

Norway

Monarch – Harald V, King of Norway (1991–present)

Prime Minister – Jens Stoltenberg, Prime Minister of Norway (2005–2013)
Poland

President – Bronisław Komorowski, President of Poland (2010–2015)

Prime Minister – Donald Tusk, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Poland (2007–2014)
Portugal

President – Aníbal Cavaco Silva, President of Portugal (2006–2016)

Prime Minister –

1. José Sócrates, Prime Minister of Portugal (2005–2011)

2. Pedro Passos Coelho, Prime Minister of Portugal (2011–2015)
Romania

President – Traian Băsescu, President of Romania (2004–2014)

Prime Minister – Emil Boc, Prime Minister of Romania (2008–2012)
Russia

President – Dmitry Medvedev, President of Russia (2008–2012)

Prime Minister – Vladimir Putin, Chairman of the Government of Russia (2008–2012)
San Marino

Captains-Regent –

1. Giovanni Francesco Ugolini and Andrea Zafferani, Captains Regent of San Marino (2010–2011)
 2. Maria Luisa Berti and Filippo Tamagnini, Captains Regent of San Marino (2011)
3. Gabriele Gatti and Matteo Fiorini, Captains Regent of San Marino (2011–2012)
Serbia

President – Boris Tadić, President of Serbia (2004–2012) [n]

Prime Minister – Mirko Cvetković, President of the Government of Serbia (2008–2012)
Kosovo (partially recognised, secessionist state; under nominal international administration)

President –

1. Jakup Krasniqi, Acting President of Kosovo (2010–2011)

2. Behgjet Pacolli, President of Kosovo (2011)
3. Jakup Krasniqi, Acting President of Kosovo (2011)
4. Atifete Jahjaga, President of Kosovo (2011–2016)
Prime Minister – Hashim Thaçi, Prime Minister of Kosovo (2008–2014)
UN Special Representative –

1. Lamberto Zannier, Special Representative of the UN Secretary-General for Kosovo (2008–2011)

2. Robert E. Sorenson, Acting Special Representative of the UN Secretary-General for Kosovo (2011)
3. Farid Zarif, Special Representative of the UN Secretary-General for Kosovo (2011–2015)
Slovakia

President – Ivan Gašparovič, President of Slovakia (2004–2014)

Prime Minister – Iveta Radičová, Prime Minister of Slovakia (2010–2012)
Slovenia

President – Danilo Türk, President of Slovenia (2007–2012)

Prime Minister – Borut Pahor, Prime Minister of Slovenia (2008–2012)
Spain

Monarch – Juan Carlos I, King of Spain (1975–2014)

Prime Minister –

1. José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero, President of the Government of Spain (2004–2011)

2. Mariano Rajoy, President of the Government of Spain (2011–2018)
Sweden

Monarch – Carl XVI Gustaf, King of Sweden (1973–present)

Prime Minister – Fredrik Reinfeldt, Prime Minister of Sweden (2006–2014)
Switzerland

Council – Federal Council of Switzerland [o]

Members – Micheline Calmy-Rey (2002–2011; President of Switzerland, 2011), Doris Leuthard (2006–
present), Eveline Widmer-Schlumpf (2008–2015), Ueli Maurer (2009–present), Didier Burkhalter (2009–
present), Johann Schneider-Ammann (2010–present), and Simonetta Sommaruga (2010–present)
Ukraine

President – Viktor Yanukovych, President of Ukraine (2010–2014)

Prime Minister – Mykola Azarov, Prime Minister of Ukraine (2010–2014)
United Kingdom

Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of the United Kingdom (1952–present)

Prime Minister – David Cameron, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (2010–2016)
Isle of Man (Crown dependency of the United Kingdom)

Lieutenant-Governor –

1. Sir Paul Haddacks, Lieutenant Governor of the Isle of Man (2005–2011)

 2. David Doyle, Acting Lieutenant Governor of the Isle of Man (2011)
3. Adam Wood, Lieutenant Governor of the Isle of Man (2011–2016)
Chief Minister –

1. Tony Brown, Chief Minister of the Isle of Man (2006–2011)

2. Allan Bell, Chief Minister of the Isle of Man (2011–2016)
Guernsey (Crown dependency of the United Kingdom)

Lieutenant-Governor –

1. Sir Fabian Malbon, Lieutenant Governor of Guernsey (2005–2011)

2. Sir Geoffrey Rowland, Acting Lieutenant Governor of Guernsey (2011)
3. Peter Walker, Lieutenant Governor of Guernsey (2011–2015)
Chief Minister – Lyndon Trott, Chief Minister of Guernsey (2008–2012)
Jersey (Crown dependency of the United Kingdom)

Lieutenant-Governor –

1. Sir Andrew Ridgway, Lieutenant Governor of Jersey (2006–2011)

2. Michael Birt, Acting Lieutenant Governor of Jersey (2016)
3. Sir John McColl, Lieutenant Governor of Jersey (2011–2016)
Chief Minister –

1. Terry Le Sueur, Chief Minister of Jersey (2008–2011)

2. Ian Gorst, Chief Minister of Jersey (2011–2018)
Gibraltar (Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom)

Governor – Sir Adrian Johns, Governor of Gibraltar (2009–2013)

Chief Minister –

1. Peter Caruana, Chief Minister of Gibraltar (1996–2011)

2. Fabian Picardo, Chief Minister of Gibraltar (2011–present)
Vatican City

Monarch – Pope Benedict XVI, Sovereign of Vatican City (2005–2013)

Head of Government –

1. Cardinal Giovanni Lajolo, President of the Governorate of Vatican City (2006–2011)

2. Cardinal Giuseppe Bertello, President of the Governorate of Vatican City (2011–present)
Holy See (sui generis subject of public international law)

Secretary of State – Cardinal Tarcisio Bertone, Cardinal Secretary of State (2006–2013)

North America
Anguilla (Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom)

Governor – Alistair Harrison, Governor of Anguilla (2009–2013)

Chief Minister – Hubert Hughes, Chief Minister of Anguilla (2010–2015)
Antigua and Barbuda

Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Antigua and Barbuda (1981–present)

Governor-General – Dame Louise Lake-Tack, Governor-General of Antigua and Barbuda (2007–2014)
Prime Minister – Baldwin Spencer, Prime Minister of Antigua and Barbuda (2004–2014)
Aruba (constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)

Governor – Fredis Refunjol, Governor of Aruba (2004–2016)

Prime Minister – Mike Eman, Prime Minister of Aruba (2009–present)
 The Bahamas

Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of the Bahamas (1973–present)

Governor-General – Sir Arthur Foulkes, Governor-General of the Bahamas (2010–2014)
Prime Minister – Hubert Ingraham, Prime Minister of the Bahamas (2007–2012)
Barbados

Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Barbados (1966–present)

Governor-General –

1. Sir Clifford Husbands, Governor-General of Barbados (1996–2011)

2. Elliott Belgrave, Acting Governor-General of Barbados (2011–2012)
Prime Minister – Freundel Stuart, Prime Minister of Barbados (2010–2018)
Belize

Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Belize (1981–present)

Governor-General – Sir Colville Young, Governor-General of Belize (1993–present)
Prime Minister – Dean Barrow, Prime Minister of Belize (2008–present)
Bermuda (Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom)

Governor – Sir Richard Gozney, Governor of Bermuda (2007–2012)

Premier – Paula Cox, Premier of Bermuda (2010–2012)
British Virgin Islands (Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom)

Governor – William Boyd McCleary, Governor of the British Virgin Islands (2010–2014)
Premier –

1. Ralph T. O'Neal, Premier of the British Virgin Islands (2007–2011)

2. Orlando Smith, Premier of the British Virgin Islands (2011–2019)
Canada

Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Canada (1952–present)

Governor-General – David Johnston, Governor General of Canada (2010–2017)
Prime Minister – Stephen Harper, Prime Minister of Canada (2006–2015)
Cayman Islands (Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom)

Governor – Duncan Taylor, Governor of the Cayman Islands (2010–2013)

Premier – McKeeva Bush, Premier of the Cayman Islands (2009–2012)
Costa Rica

President – Laura Chinchilla, President of Costa Rica (2010–2014)

Cuba

Communist Party Leader –

1. Fidel Castro, First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba (1965–2011)

2. Raúl Castro, Acting First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba (2006–2011), First Secretary of the
Communist Party of Cuba (2011–present)
President – Raúl Castro, President of the Council of State of Cuba (2008–2016)
Prime Minister – Raúl Castro, President of the Council of Ministers of Cuba (2008–2018)
Curaçao (constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)

Governor – Frits Goedgedrag, Governor of Curaçao (2010–2012)

Prime Minister – Gerrit Schotte, Prime Minister of Curaçao (2010–2012)
Dominica

President – Nicholas Liverpool, President of Dominica (2003–2012)

Prime Minister – Roosevelt Skerrit, Prime Minister of Dominica (2004–present)
 Dominican Republic

President – Leonel Fernández, President of the Dominican Republic (2004–2012)

El Salvador

President – Mauricio Funes, President of El Salvador (2009–2014)

Grenada

Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Grenada (1974–present)

Governor-General – Sir Carlyle Glean, Governor-General of Grenada (2008–2013)
Prime Minister – Tillman Thomas, Prime Minister of Grenada (2008–2013)
Guatemala

President – Álvaro Colom, President of Guatemala (2008–2012)

Haiti

President –

1. René Préval, President of Haiti (2006–2011)

2. Michel Martelly, President of Haiti (2011–2016)
Prime Minister –

1. Jean-Max Bellerive, Prime Minister of Haiti (2009–2011)

2. Garry Conille, Prime Minister of Haiti (2011–2012)
Honduras

President – Porfirio Lobo Sosa, President of Honduras (2010–2014)

Jamaica

Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Jamaica (1962–present)

Governor-General – Sir Patrick Allen, Governor-General of Jamaica (2009–present)
Prime Minister –

1. Bruce Golding, Prime Minister of Jamaica (2007–2011)

2. Andrew Holness, Prime Minister of Jamaica (2011–2012)
Mexico

President – Felipe Calderón, President of Mexico (2006–2012)

Montserrat (Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom)

Governor –

1. Peter Waterworth, Governor of Montserrat (2007–2011)

2. Sarita Francis, Acting Governor of Montserrat (2011)
3. Adrian Davis, Governor of Montserrat (2011–2015)
Premier – Reuben Meade, Premier of Montserrat [p] (2009–2014)
Nicaragua

President – Daniel Ortega, President of Nicaragua (2007–present)

Panama

President – Ricardo Martinelli, President of Panama (2009–2014)

Saint Barthélemy (overseas collectivity of France)

Prefect –

1. Jacques Simonnet, Prefect of Saint Barthélemy (2009–2011)

2. Philippe Chopin, Prefect of Saint Barthélemy (2011–2015)
Head of Government – Bruno Magras, President of the Territorial Council of Saint Barthélemy (2007–present)
 Saint Kitts and Nevis

Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1983–present)

Governor-General – Sir Cuthbert Sebastian, Governor-General of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1996–2013)
Prime Minister – Denzil Douglas, Prime Minister of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1995–2015)
Saint Lucia

Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Saint Lucia (1979–present)

Governor-General – Dame Pearlette Louisy, Governor-General of Saint Lucia (1997–2017)
Prime Minister –

1. Stephenson King, Prime Minister of Saint Lucia (2007–2011)

2. Kenny Anthony, Prime Minister of Saint Lucia (2011–2016)
Saint Martin (overseas collectivity of France)

Prefect –

1. Jacques Simonnet, Prefect of Saint Martin (2009–2011)

2. Philippe Chopin, Prefect of Saint Martin (2011–2015)
Head of Government – Frantz Gumbs, President of the Territorial Council of Saint Martin (2009–2012)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon (overseas collectivity of France)

Prefect –

1. Jean-Régis Borius, Prefect of Saint Pierre and Miquelon (2009–2011)

2. Patrice Latron, Prefect of Saint Pierre and Miquelon (2011–2014)
Head of Government – Stéphane Artano, President of the Territorial Council of Saint Pierre and Miquelon
(2006–2018)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1979–present)
Governor-General – Sir Frederick Ballantyne, Governor-General of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (2002–
2019)
Prime Minister – Ralph Gonsalves, Prime Minister of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (2001–present)
Sint Maarten (constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)

Governor – Eugene Holiday, Governor of Sint Maarten (2010–present)

Prime Minister – Sarah Wescot-Williams, Prime Minister of Sint Maarten (2010–2014)
Trinidad and Tobago

President – George Maxwell Richards, President of Trinidad and Tobago (2003–2013)

Prime Minister – Kamla Persad-Bissessar, Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago (2010–2015)
Turks and Caicos Islands (Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom)

Governor –

1. Gordon Wetherell, Governor of the Turks and Caicos Islands (2008–2011)

2. Martin Stanley, Acting Governor of the Turks and Caicos Islands (2011)
3. Ric Todd, Governor of the Turks and Caicos Islands (2011–2013)
United States

President – Barack Obama, President of the United States (2009–2017)

Puerto Rico (Commonwealth of the United States)

Governor – Luis Fortuño, Governor of Puerto Rico (2009–2013)

United States Virgin Islands (insular area of the United States)

Governor – John de Jongh, Governor of the United States Virgin Islands (2007–2015)
Oceania
American Samoa (unorganised, unincorporated territory of the United States)

Governor – Togiola Tulafono, Governor of American Samoa (2003–2013)

Australia

Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Australia (1952–present)

Governor-General – Quentin Bryce, Governor-General of Australia (2008–2014)
Prime Minister – Julia Gillard, Prime Minister of Australia (2010–2013)
Christmas Island (external territory of Australia)

Administrator – Brian Lacy, Administrator of Christmas Island (2009–2012)

Shire-President –

1. Gordon Thomson, Shire president of Christmas Island (2003–2011)

2. Foo Kee Heng, Shire president of Christmas Island (2011–2013)
Cocos (Keeling) Islands (external territory of Australia)

Administrator – Brian Lacy, Administrator of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (2009–2012)

Shire-President –

1. Balmut Pirus, Shire president of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (2009–2011)

2. Aindil Minkom, Shire president of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (2011–2015)
Norfolk Island (self-governing territory of Australia)

Administrator – Owen Walsh, Administrator of Norfolk Island (2007–2012)

Chief Minister – David Buffett, Chief Minister of Norfolk Island (2010–2013)
Fiji

President – Ratu Epeli Nailatikau, President of Fiji (2009–2015)

Prime Minister – Frank Bainimarama, Prime Minister of Fiji (2007–present)
French Polynesia (overseas collectivity of France)

High Commissioner –

1. Adolphe Colrat, High Commissioner of the Republic in French Polynesia (2008–2011)

2. Alexandre Rochatte, Acting High Commissioner of the Republic in French Polynesia (2011)
3. Richard Didier, High Commissioner of the Republic in French Polynesia (2011–2012)
President –

1. Gaston Tong Sang, President of French Polynesia (2009–2011)

2. Oscar Temaru, President of French Polynesia (2011–2013)
Guam (insular area of the United States)

Governor –

1. Felix Perez Camacho, Governor of Guam (2003–2011)

2. Eddie Baza Calvo, Governor of Guam (2011–2019)
Kiribati

President – Anote Tong, President of Kiribati (2003–2016)

Marshall Islands

President – Jurelang Zedkaia, President of the Marshall Islands (2009–2012)

Micronesia

President – Manny Mori, President of Micronesia (2007–2015)

Nauru
President –

1. Marcus Stephen, President of Nauru (2007–2011)

2. Freddie Pitcher, President of Nauru (2011)
3. Sprent Dabwido, President of Nauru (2011–2013)
New Caledonia (sui generis collectivity of France)

High Commissioner – Albert Dupuy, High Commissioner of New Caledonia (2010–2013)

Head of Government –

1. Philippe Gomès, President of the Government of New Caledonia (2009–2011)

2. Harold Martin, President of the Government of New Caledonia (2011–2014)
New Zealand

Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of New Zealand (1952–present)

Governor-General –

1. Sir Anand Satyanand, Governor-General of New Zealand (2006–2011)

2. Dame Sian Elias, Administrator of the Government of New Zealand (2011)
3. Sir Jerry Mateparae, Governor-General of New Zealand (2011–2016)
Prime Minister – John Key, Prime Minister of New Zealand (2008–2016)
Cook Islands (associated state of New Zealand)

Queen's Representative – Sir Frederick Tutu Goodwin, Queen's Representative of the Cook Islands
(2001–2013)
Prime Minister – Henry Puna, Prime Minister of the Cook Islands (2010–present)
Niue (associated state of New Zealand)

Premier – Toke Talagi, Premier of Niue (2008–present)

Tokelau (dependent territory of New Zealand)

Administrator –

1. John Allen, Acting Administrator of Tokelau (2009–2011)

2. Jonathan Kings, Administrator of Tokelau (2011–2015)
Head of Government –

1. Kuresa Nasau, Head of Government of Tokelau (2010–2011)

2. Foua Toloa, Head of Government of Tokelau (2011–2012)
Northern Mariana Islands (Commonwealth of the United States)

Governor – Benigno Fitial, Governor of the Northern Mariana Islands (2006–2013)

Palau

President – Johnson Toribiong, President of Palau (2009–2013)

Papua New Guinea

Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Papua New Guinea (1975–present)

Governor-General –

1. Sir Michael Ogio, Governor-General of Papua New Guinea (2010–2011)

2. Jeffrey Nape, Acting Governor-General of Papua New Guinea (2011)
3. Sir Michael Ogio, Governor-General of Papua New Guinea (2011–2017)
Prime Minister –

1. Sam Abal, Acting Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea (2010–2011)

2. Sir Michael Somare, Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea (2011)
3. Sam Abal, Acting Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea (2011)
4. Peter O'Neill, Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea (2011–2019)
 Sir Michael Somare, Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea (claimant, 2011–2012)
Pitcairn Islands (Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom)

Governor – Victoria Treadell, Governor of the Pitcairn Islands (2010–2014)

Mayor – Mike Warren, Mayor of the Pitcairn Islands (2008–2013)
Samoa

Head of State – Tufuga Efi, O le Ao o le Malo of Samoa (2007–2017)

Prime Minister – Tuilaepa Aiono Sailele Malielegaoi, Prime Minister of Samoa (1998–present)
Solomon Islands

Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of the Solomon Islands (1978–present)

Governor-General – Sir Frank Kabui, Governor-General of the Solomon Islands (2009–2019)
Prime Minister –

1. Danny Philip, Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands (2010–2011)

2. Gordon Darcy Lilo, Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands (2011–2014)
Tonga

Monarch – George Tupou V, King of Tonga (2006–2012)

Prime Minister – Sialeʻataongo Tuʻivakanō, Prime Minister of Tonga (2010–2014)
Tuvalu

Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Tuvalu (1978–present)

Governor-General – Sir Iakoba Italeli, Governor-General of Tuvalu (2010–present)
Prime Minister – Willy Telavi, Prime Minister of Tuvalu (2010–2013)
Vanuatu

President – Iolu Abil, President of Vanuatu (2009–2014)

Prime Minister –

1. Sato Kilman, Prime Minister of Vanuatu (2010–2011) [q]

2. Serge Vohor, Prime Minister of Vanuatu (2011)
3. Sato Kilman, Prime Minister of Vanuatu (2011)
4. Edward Natapei, Acting Prime Minister of Vanuatu (2011)
5. Sato Kilman, Prime Minister of Vanuatu (2011–2013)
Wallis and Futuna (overseas collectivity of France)

Administrator – Michel Jeanjean, Administrator Superior of Wallis and Futuna (2010–2013)

Head of Government –

1. Siliako Lauhea, President of the Territorial Assembly of Wallis and Futuna (2010–2011)
2. Pesamino Taputai, President of the Territorial Assembly of Wallis and Futuna (2011–2012)

South America
Argentina

President – Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, President of Argentina (2007–2015)

Bolivia

President – Evo Morales, President of Bolivia (2006–present)

Brazil

President – Dilma Rousseff, President of Brazil (2011–2016)

Chile
 President – Sebastián Piñera, President of Chile (2010–2014)
Colombia

President – Juan Manuel Santos, President of Colombia (2010–2018)

Ecuador

President – Rafael Correa, President of Ecuador (2007–2017)

Falkland Islands (Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom)

Governor – Nigel Haywood, Governor of the Falkland Islands (2010–2014)

Head of Government – Tim Thorogood, Chief Executive of the Falkland Islands (2008–2012)
Guyana

President –

1. Bharrat Jagdeo, President of Guyana (1999–2011)

2. Donald Ramotar, President of Guyana (2011–2015)
Prime Minister – Sam Hinds, Prime Minister of Guyana (1999–2015)
Paraguay

President – Fernando Lugo, President of Paraguay (2008–2012)

Peru

President –

1. Alan García, President of Peru (2006–2011)

2. Ollanta Humala, President of Peru (2011–2016)
Prime Minister –

1. José Antonio Chang, President of the Council of Ministers of Peru (2010–2011)

2. Rosario Fernández, President of the Council of Ministers of Peru (2011)
3. Salomón Lerner Ghitis, President of the Council of Ministers of Peru (2011)
4. Oscar Valdés, President of the Council of Ministers of Peru (2011–2012)
Suriname

President – Dési Bouterse, President of Suriname (2010–present)

Uruguay

President – José Mujica, President of Uruguay (2010–2015)

Venezuela

President – Hugo Chávez, President of Venezuela (2002–2013)

Notes
a. Eritrea only became independent in 1993.
b. In 2005–11, Mayardit was president of the Southern Sudan Autonomous Region.
c. Bahrain only became independent in 1971.
d. Brunei only became independent in 1984.
e. Hun Sen was titled Second Prime Minister in 1993–98.
f. In 2005–10, the three-member Presidency Council was head of state collectively—whilst Talabani held his
position as President amongst the entity.
g. Kazakhstan only became independent in 1991.
h. The position of Chairman of the National Defence Commission was declared to be the highest office of state by
the constitution that came into effect in 1998.
 i. Uzbekistan only became independent in 1991.
j. Saleh was president of North Yemen until 1990.
k. During the informal suspension of Saleh from 23 November.
l. Transnistria only declared independence in 1991.
m. Montenegro only became independent in 2006.
n. Serbia only became independent in 2006.
o. The seven-member Swiss Federal Council is head of state and government collectively. As a party to the
Council, the president serves solely in a primus inter pares capacity for one year.
p. His title changed from Chief Minister to Premier on 27 September.
q. Kilman was elected by Parliament in 2010, then ousted in a vote of no confidence on 24 April and succeeded by
former Minister Vohor from the preceding cabinet (also hitherto leading the second-largest party in Opposition).
On 13 May, the Vanuatuan Court of Appeal annulled the election of Vohor on the grounds of a constitutional
irregularity and reinstated Kilman. However, come June the premiership of Kilman was itself voided by the
Supreme Court, due to a constitutional irregularity in his initial election in December. Natapei, the most recent
lawfully-elected PM—in 2008—then served briefly as Acting Prime Minister until Parliament re-elected Kilman
later that month. Legally the respective terms in office of both Kilman and Vohor between 2010 and 26 June have
been declared null and void, as it was retroactively established that they were not lawfully holding office during
that time.

External links
Rulers (http://rulers.org/)—a list of rulers throughout time and places
WorldStatesmen (http://worldstatesmen.org/)—an online encyclopedia of the leaders of nations and territories

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