ASSIGNMENT OF INTRODUCTION TO SOCIOLOGY

SUBMITTED TO: DR. M. ANWAR

SIBMITTED BY: M ADIL AMIN
MC180402053
COURSE CODE: SOC101
DATE: 21ST MAY, 2019.
Assignment
Social groups and organizations comprise a basic part of every arena of modern life. Thus, in
the last 50 years or so, sociologists have taken a special interest in studying these. A social
group is a collection of people who interact with each other and share similar characteristics
and a sense of unity. There are different types of groups that are being segregated on the basis
of their characteristics and goal orientations. Sometimes these identities overlap and
interchanged. Keeping in mind this, you are supposed to go through the Pakistan Super
League (2019) teams’ formation. Select any two teams of your choice and identify the
following types of groups along with justification:
1: In-group 2. Out-group 3. Secondary group 4. Reference group
2: How membership in these groups overlaps? And what are the dynamics of change in
these groups. Justify your answer with examples in specific context of PSL.
SOCIAL GROUPING
PSL 2019 comprises of total six groups. The chosen groups are Lahore Qalandars and
Islamabad United.
(1)
In-group: it is social group commanding a member’s esteem and loyalty. For instance the
use of my pronouns: I feel I belong to them, I am outside them etc. In-group exists in relation
to an out-group.
Justification: As the team comprises of different players belonging to platinum, diamond,
gold, silver, and emerging classes but they all have one goal to win the trophy for their respective
teams hence they make an in-group.

Out-group: it is a social group toward which one feels in competition or opposition. In

modern societies the membership may overlap. These groups are important because they
affect our behaviour.
Justification: The point when a list of players were to be selected and put into their
respective teams, players were given preliminaries, as there was an opposition they were
going up against one another hence making an out-group.
Secondary group: is a large and impersonal social group whose members pursue a specific
interest or activity. Just the opposite of primary groups their relationships are secondary.
Such relationships involve weak emotional ties and little personal knowledge of one another.
Most secondary groups are formal, impersonal, segmental, and utilitarian. These groups are
goal oriented. The interaction may be impersonal though pleasant.
Justification: The players, the board and instructing staff were interacting and cooperating
for a shorter time. After the end of tournament they won’t be staying in same condition hence
forming a secondary group.

Reference Group: A social group that serves as a point of reference in making evaluations
and decisions. Reference groups can be models, which could be ideals for individuals.
Parents can be reference groups for their children. Individuals can also be models and we can
call them as reference individuals. A teacher can be a reference individual for students etc.
Justification: The point when competition was going on , each staff member was giving
reference to the players such as ‘you must bat, bowl or field like that player’ or ‘you must
play like the last winners of PSL’ and so on. Therefore it is a reference group.

(2)
When a group chosen and players are in a gathering, yet simultaneously there is a challenge
to be chosen in the 11. Since just 4 outsider players can play at one time in a group and 7
neighbourhood players can be there. So if there are 11 neighbourhood players, 7 will play at a
point, there will be challenge in middle of them to be chosen for any match and hence this
would be an outside gathering.
Let’s assume Lahore Qalandars are left with just a single match and they need to win it
however on the off chance that Islamabad United will beat Multan Sultans, at that point there
will be no utilization of winning the counterpart for Lahore Qalandars. So as of now out
gathering (various groups) is covered by in gathering since Lahore is trusting Multan to win
despite the fact that they are various groups.
Proceeding with the elements of changes in these gatherings, groups are out gathering for one
another in light of the fact that they are rivalling one another yet they have same premium
that is each group is playing to win the trophy, prize cash and regard. So they are auxiliary
gathering in this sense. Likewise, these groups won't play for a real existence time; they are
playing for a shorter timeframe that is an auxiliary gathering, which is covering the out
gathering once more.
Here is another case for the covering of optional and reference gathering. Mentor of
Islamabad United gave the players reference of a year ago and requested that they play that
way and same thing has occurred in the Lahore camp, too. That, their mentor incited them to
play like a year (dislike them, similar to Islamabad United). So here out gathering and
optional gathering both are covered by reference gathering.