Radiography 50 Question Quiz https://www.nde-ed.org/EducationResources/CommunityCollege/Radiog...

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A specific radioactive source will always produce gamma rays at
the same:
Intensity
Activity
Energy levels
None of the above

X-rays and Gamma rays are a form of:

Light
Particle radiation
Electromagnetic radiation
Both B and C

Who is given credit for the discovery of X-ray?

Henri Becquerel
Wilhelm Roentgen
Marie Curie
Pierre Curie

Which of the following is not a strength of radiographic

inspection?
It is not limited to material type
It can be used to inspect assembled components
It can detect surface and subsurface features
Access to both side of the test sample is required

Newtons Inverse Square Law is useful in radiography because it

indicates how the radiation intensity is affected by:
Radioactive decay
Distance from the source
The size of the source
None of the above

Collimators are used to:

Reduce the radiation beam spread
Filter the radiation beam
Increase film latitude
Decrease film latitude

The rate at which a radioactive isotope changes to a more stable

atom is know as the:

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Radiography 50 Question Quiz https://www.nde-ed.org/EducationResources/CommunityCollege/Radiog...

Isotope decay rate

Half-life
Activity
Attenuation

A radiograph made with an exposure of 8 mAm produces a density

of 1.8. The sensitometric curve shows a difference in relative
exposure between a density of 1.8 and the target density of 2.5 is
4. What must the new exposure time be to produce a radiograph
with a density of 2.5?
4 mAminutes
2 mAminutes
32 mAminutes
None of the above

X-rays and Gamma rays:

Are both affected by radioactive decay
Are both produced by a radioactive atom
Have completely different properties
Differ only in their source

X-rays and Gamma rays present a health risk because they are a
form of ionizing radiation, which means that the radiation has
enough energy to:
Vibrate water molecules and generate heat
Break chemical bonds
Break physical bonds
None of the above

X-rays and Gamma rays have significant penetrating power due to

their:
Short wavelength
Medium wavelength
Long wavelength
Wide range of wavelengths

Lowering the energy of the radiation used to produce a radiograph

will generally result in:
Less latitude
Higher contrast sensitivity
A Longer exposure time
All of the above

Higher energy radiation will have more:

Speed
Incident Intensity
Penetrating power

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Both B and C

Attenuation of radiation is due to:

Absorption
Scattering
Radioactive decay
Both A and B

Thin sheets of lead foil in contact with the film during exposure
increase the film density because:
They act as a filter to harden the radiation beam
They reduce the amount of scatter radiation
Incident radiation liberates electrons which help to expose the film
None of the above

The amount of geometric unsharpness in a radiograph is affected

by:
The source to film distance
The source to object distance
The size of the source
All of the above

After traveling through two half-value layers, the incident radiation

has been reduced to:
50%
35%
20%
None of the above

When penetrating radiation is directed at a material, the radiation

intensity decreases:
Decreases exponentially with increasing material thickness
Increase linearly with increasing material thickness
Decrease linearly with increasing material thickness
None of the above

The target of an X-ray tube is often made out of tungsten becuase:

It has a high atomic mass which will result in more X-rays being
generated due to atomic particle interactions
It is an inexpensive material that is easy to machine
It have very high thermal conductivity which makes it easy to cool
None of the above

Image quality indicators are usually placed:

Anywhere on the back side of the film
On the front side of the film near the primary area of interest
On the front side of the test component in an area of similar thickness

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to the primary area of interest

On the back side of the test component in the area of interest

The number of X-ray or Gamma photons that are transmitted

through a material depends on the:
Energy of the photons
Thickness of the material
Atomic number of the material
All of the above

There are four types of radiation-matter interactions that can

contribute to the total attenuation. These are:
Compton scattering, pair production, photoelectric absorption,
rayleigh scattering
Compton scattering, electron exchange, photoelectric absorption,
rayleigh scattering
Electron exchange, pair production, photoelectric absorption, rayleigh
scattering
None of the above

Who is given credit for the discovery of radioactive materials?

Henri Becquerel
Wilhelm Roentgen
Marie Curie
Pierre Curie

Radiographic contrast describe:

The sharpness of lines in a radiograph
The differences in photographic density in a radiograph
The average photographic density in a radiograph
The difference in density between two different radiographs

X-rays and Gamma rays are often referred to as photons because:

They possess a charge
They have mass
They occur as small packets of energy
None of the above

X-rays and Gamma rays:

Always travel in a straight line
Can be influenced by an electrical field
Can be influenced by a magnetic field
None of the above

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Which two types of radiation-matter interactions account for the

majority of attenuation in typical industrial radiography?
Compton Scattering and photoelectric absorption
Compton Scattering and pair production
Pair production and photoelectric absorption
None of the above

Ionizing radiation can be used in industrial radiography because

the health hazards:
Have been eliminated with controls and procedures
Are minimized through controls and procedures
Are worth the risk
Are being ignored

Stationary lab or shop X-ray systems usually rely on what to limit

exposure to the radiation?�
Distance controls
Time limits
Shielding
All of the above

The factor that indicates how much attenuation will take place per
centimeter is known as the:
Mass attenuation coefficient
Linear attenuation coefficient
Decay rate
Atomic number

Which of the following does not affect radiographic contrast?

Attenuation differences in the component being inspected
The wavelength of the radiaiton used
The amount of scattered radiation
The level of current used for the exposure

The main advantage of real-time radiography over film is:

Higher image contrast sensitivity
Inspection can be performed more rapidly
Higher image definition
Lower equipment costs

In comparison with lower-voltage radiographs, high voltage

radiographic images have:
Less contrast sensitivity
Greater contrast sensitivity
Greater amounts of scatter radiation relative to primary beam
intensity

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Less latitude

On a film radiograph, an area of high density in the test component

will appear:
Lighter than the surrounding area
Darker than the surrounding area
More defined than the surrounding area
Less defined than the sorrounding area

The drive cable of a gamma ray exposure device (camera) allows

the radiographer to:
Turn on and shut off the gamma rays from a safe distance
Adjust the position of the camera from a safe distance
Move the source in and out of the camera while maintaining a safe
distance
None of the above

Radiographic inspection should be used for crack detection only

when:
The crack is large
The test componet is a casting
The test component is a weldment
The orientation of the crack is known

Two of the more common industrial Gamma-ray sources are:

Cobalt-60 and iridium-192
Cobalt-60 and plutonium-240
Plutonium-240 and uranium-222
Iridium-192 and Lead-102

The thickness of any given material where 50% of the incident

energy has been attenuated is known as the:
Half-value layer
Linear attenuation coefficient
Decay rate
Mass attenuation coefficient

When using geometric magnefication to produce a radiograph, the

penumbra will be reduced by:
A longer exposure
A faster film speed
A smaller source spot size
More X-ray energy

Film contrast is determined by:

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The type of film used

The process by which the film was developed
The radiation energy used
Both A and B

Manmade sources of radioactive sources are produced by:

By splitting the nucleus of atoms in the source material
Adding electrons to the source material
Introducing an extra neutron to the atoms of the source material
None of the above

Radiation beam filters are sometime used in X-ray radiography to:

Remove some of the low energy radiation to increase definition
To remove some of the low energy radiation to increase contrast
sensitivity
Remove some of the low energy radiation to reduce definition
Both A and B

Undercut is the loss of resolution at a sharp, thickness transition

area due to:
Scattering within the part
Backscatter
Sidescatter
Scattering within the film

X-ray generators produce radiation through:

Bremsstrahlung processes
K-shell emmission processes
Radioactive decay
Both A and B

Image quality indicators (IQIs) provide information about the level

of:
Resolution and contrast sensitivity
Resolution and film latitude
Contrast sensitivity and latitude
Contrast sensitivity only

Unexposed X-ray film is comprised of a plastic, transparent base

coated with an emulsion containing radiation-sensitive particle
known as:
Metalic silver crystals
Silver halide grains
Both A and B
Neither A or B

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Exposure to ionizing radiation can be limited:

With the use of shielding
By increasing distance form the source
By limiting the time exposed to the radiaiton
All of the above

Bremsstrahlung production of X-rays produces radiation that is

composed of:
A small number of very defined energies
A continuous spectrum of energies over some range
Radiation of only one energy
None of the above

Computed tomography X-ray techniques allow the test component

to be:
Viewed in various cross-sectional slices
Viewed from different angles
Analyzed for chemical composition
None of the above

When flaws are in unknown locations, radiography is best suited

for the detection of:
Volumetric defects such as porosity
Tight linear defects such as cracks
Material delaminations
The flaw type does not matter

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