ICEES 2019 Fifth International Conference on Electrical Energy Systems 21- 22 February 2019, SSN College of Engineering, Chennai,
, Chennai, India
Power Quality Improvement in Renewable Energy
Sources Based Power System Using DSTATCOM
Supported by Battery Energy Storage System
Om Prakash Mahela Priya Gupta
IIT, Jodhpur, India VCET, Bundi, India
opmahela@gmail.com priyagupta07432@gmail.com
Abstract— A technique for improving quality of power in a
renewable energy (RE) sources based power system is introduced
in this manuscript. Proposed technique is focussed on the use of
distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM) incorporated with
a battery energy storage system (BESS) and placed in parallel
with dc link capacitor. Control of DSTATCOM is achieved with
the help of synchronous reference frame theory (SRF). Hybrid
power system is simulated by modifying IEEE-13 nodes test
network by integrating wind generator, solar photovoltaic (PV)
system and DSTATCOM. Improvement of power quality (PQ)
events associated with operational events such as synchronization
and outage of wind generator and solar PV system is achieved.
Simulation results establishes that technique proposed in this
manuscript is found to be effective for PQ improvement in
hybrid power system during operational events of outage and
synchronization of renewable energy (RE) generator.
Keywords—DSTATCOM; power quality; solar PV energy; wind
enery.
I. INTRODUCTION
Power quality (PQ) events associated with utility network
is a topic of equal importance to both utilities and customers
because it has detrimental effects on the performance of
equipments on load side and power network. The disturbances
like transients, sag in voltage, swell in voltage, power system
impulses, power system notches, glitches, momentary
interruptions (MI), wave faults, over voltages, harmonic
distortion and under voltages are responsible for poor quality
[1]. Hence, cause and source of PQ events are to be
investigated prior to initiate a suitable action for mitigation of
PQ events. The signal processing techniques play a significant
and key role in extraction of features from signal with PQ
disturbances. The commonly used techniques include Fourier
transform (FT), fast Fourier transform (FFT), short time
Fourier transform (STFT), wavelet transform (WT) and
discrete wavelet transform (DWT) [2]. Poor PQ deteriorates
load and reduces the life of equipments [3]. In [4], authors
presented an energy function approach using wavelet
transform for recognition of PQ events like voltage sag, swell
and flicker. In [5], authors provide a broad scenario about
popular techniques for PQ analysis. These techniques include
wavelet transform, Stokwell transform, Gabor transform and
Wigner distribution function. Further, integration of renewable
energy (RE) sources like wind power generations systems and
solar photovoltaic (PV) to the utility grid network and
operational events of these systems also affect quality of
power. Uncertain nature of solar insolation, variable nature of
wind speed, design of converters used to integrate the solar PV
978-1-5386-9249-3$31.00©2019 IEEE
Shoyab Ali Nitin Gupta
VCET, Bundi, India MNIT, Jaipur, India
ali.shoyab@gmail.com nitingupta.ee@mnit.ac.in
system to power network and penetration level of solar and
wind energy in the power system network also affect quality
of power [6]. Hence, suitable power quality mitigation
techniques are required at distribution level to supply good
quality power to the consumers.
This research work presents a technique based on
DSTATCOM supported by BESS and capable to improve
quality of power in hybrid power system. Control of the
DSTATCOM is achieved using synchronous reference theory
(SRF) theory. Hybrid power system is simulated by modifying
IEEE-13 node test network by integrating wind generator,
solar photovoltaic (PV) system and DSTATCOM is utilized
for the proposed study. PQ disturbances due to
synchronization and outage operations of wind generator and
solar PV system are investigated with DSTATCOM remain
integrated to test system. Simulation results establish that
proposed method is effective in improving power quality of
the hybrid power system network. Investigated events include
the synchronization and outage of RE sources.
II. TEST SYSTEM
A modified IEEE-13 test network is utilized for the
proposed study. Rating of the original feeder is a 5 MVA,
60Hz, operational voltage levels of 0.48 kV and 4.16 kV. The
loads balanced and unbalanced are used in the original feeder
[7], [8]. The solar PV plant of capacity 500 kW, a wind
generator and a DSTATCOM with BESS are incorporated to
the original feeder to perform the proposed study as illustrated
in Fig. 1. Solar PV plant is integrated at node 680 of the test
system through a transformer (XSPV) and this network is
connected to large area utility network at bus 650 through
substation transformer. The wind power plant of capacity 1.5
MW is connected on the bus 680 with the help of transformer
XWG. The DSTATCOM with BESS rapidly injects and
absorbs active power as well as reactive power and provide
compensation of disturbances in network. Hence, the
DSTATCOM supported by BESS is integrated in shunt at node
632 where disturbances in network are minimized at point of
connection of test network to large area utility network. The
underground cables between nodes 692 and 675 as well as
between buses 684 and 652 have been replaced by overhead
distribution lines having the configuration of 601. All overhead
lines use the configuration 601. All the feeders and loads are
three phase and balanced in nature. Loading capacity used in
the modified test system is same as used in the original system.
ICEES 2019 Fifth International Conference on Electrical Energy Systems
Lengths of line segments used in this study are same as used in
original test network supplied by IEEE. Symbol XFM is used
to represent Transformer incorporated between the buses 633
and 634. Transformers data are provided in Table I. On load
tap changer (OLTC) transformer is used to realize voltage
regulator between nodes 650 and 632. A circuit breaker (three
phase) is used to realize the switch between nodes 671 and 692.
Lengths of line segments are equal to that used in original test
feeder. Voltage regulator used between the buses 650 and 632
has been realized using an OLTC. Data related to the voltage
regulator are same as that used in original test system.
Fig. 1. Renewable energy sources based power system network.
The values of positive and zero sequence capacitance are
respectively equal to 1.57199 nF/km and 1.3398 nF/km. Series
impedance (in km) matrices of feeders with configurations
601 (Z601) is given by the following relations.
The solar PV plant uses 5 units each with a capacity of 100
kW are put in parallel. This unit consists of a solar PV array
generating power with dc voltage of 273.5 V. This power is
given to the dc-dc boost converter which increases voltage
level to 500 V. These boost converters of each unit feeds power
to an inverter which converters dc power to ac power at a
voltage level of 260V. A filter circuit consisting of series
branch resistance (0.5mᅅሻǡ •‡”‹‡• inductance (50μH) and
shunt capacitor (50kVAr) are used for filtering harmonic
components. The output of this inverter is integrated to test
system with the help of a transformer (XSPV).
TABLE I DATA OF TRANSFORMER OF TEST SYSTEM
Transformer MVA kV- kV- HV winding LV winding
symbol High Low R (ᅅ) X (ᅅ) R (ᅅ) X (ᅅ)
Substation 10 115 4.16 29.095 211.60 0.1142 0.8306
XFM 5 4.16 0.48 0.011 3.0159 0.011 3.0159
XSPV 5 4.16 0.260 0.001 1.1310 0.001 1.1310
XWG 5 4.16 0.575 0.3807 2.7688 0.0510 0.0042
21- 22 February 2019, SSN College of Engineering, Chennai, India
III. PROPOSED DSTATCOM AND CONTROL
A voltage-source converter incorporated with DC capacitor
for storing short time energy is used to simulate DSTATCOM.
It is effective in compensation for distortion and load
unbalance which helps to ensure the balanced sinusoidal
current flow through the feeder [9]. DSTATCOM is found to
be effective in improvement of PQ with RE sources in grid and
helpful in increasing RE penetration to utility grid [10].
Detailed study of the DSTATCOM topologies and various
control methods are presented in [11].
Three-leg three-phase three-wire topology of the
DSTATCOM interfaced with BESS in parallel with DC
capacitor is used for PQ in distribution network with solar PV
energy penetration as illustrated in Fig. 2. DSTATCOM is
connected on bus 680 of test network. Proposed DSTATCOM
has incorporated with ripple filter, DC link capacitor, AC
inductor, voltage source inverter, and battery energy storage
system. The operational principle of DSTATCOM works on
aspect that flow of active and reactive powers can be altered by
altering the magnitude of inverter voltage and difference
between phase angles of bus voltage and inverter output
voltage [12].
Fig. 2. Proposed DSTATCOM supported by battery energy storage system.
The control technique working on SRF theory is utilized
for to provide the control of DSTATCOM. This works on
transforming the currents in synchronously rotating frame (d-q
frame). Firstly, the three-phase sensed currents are converted
into stationary frame two-phase currents (iĴ, i) using Clarks
transformation. Parks transformation is utilized to convert
stationary frame currents to synchronously rotating frame
components designated as d-q components (id, iq) [13]. These
currents (reference source currents) are compared to source
currents which are sensed in hysteresis controller and used to
generate pulses with pulse width modulation (PWM). These
pulses are utilized gating switches of DSTATCOM. A related
to control algorithm in detail is available in [14].
IV. SIMULATION RESULTS WITH THEIR DISCUSSION
This section deals with simulation results of various case
studies and their discussion. Power injected by utility network
into IEEE-13 node feeder and which is consumed by load is
taken as positive. The power flow out of DSTATCOM will
considered equivalent to source and equivalent to load if
power is absorbed by it. Active power delivered by
DSTATCOM (Pd) is expressed using active power supplied
ICEES 2019 Fifth International Conference on Electrical Energy Systems
by utility grid (Ps) and active power absorbed by load (Pl)
using following relation.
The Pd is assumed positive when power flow is from
DSTATCOM to load and negative for reverse direction. In the
similar way, reactive power delivered by DSTATCOM (Qd) is
expressed using reactive power of utility grid (Qs) and load
(Ql) with the help of following relation.
The Qd is considered positive if the reactive power flows
from DSTATCOM to grid and negative for reverse direction.
There is no exchange of active and reactive powers with
DSTATCOM in absence of solar PV and wind energy
systems. Power exchange is observed in the events of
synchronization and outage of solar PV generator and wind
generator. Investigations related to quality of power have been
carried out during above mentioned events. The flow of active
power, flow of reactive power and harmonic compensations
are analysed in all the events. Voltage has been captured at
bus 632 for the proposed study.
A. Event of Outage of Wind Generator while Solar PV
Generator is connected to Grid
The event of outage of wind generator while solar PV
generator is connected to grid is performed by opening circuit
breaker used to integrate wind generator at 0.50 s. Voltage
(rms value) recorded on node 632 without and with
DSTATCOM is provided respectively in Fig. 3 (a) and (b).
Flow of active and reactive powers from the DSTATCOM are
illustrated respectively in Fig. 3 (c) and (d). This is observed
that voltage has decreased from 2408.5 V to 2404 V
(reduction by 0.187%) without DSTATCOM. Outage of wind
generator decreased the voltage from 2406.5 V to 2404.5 V
(reduction by 0.083%) while DSTATCOM is integrated to test
system. The improvement in voltage profile of 55.61% is
achieved while using the DSTATCOM. This is observed from
Fig. 3 (c) and (d) that available additional active and reactive
powers in the presence of wind and solar PV generation help
to store collect energy in BESS and charging capacitor of dc-
link. However, active and reactive powers injected by wind
generator reduces to zero at moment of wind outage whereas
the DSTATCOM supplies active and reactive powers to meet
Fig. 3. Event of outage of wind energy system while solar PV generation is available (a) voltage in absence of DSTATCOM (b) voltage in while
DSTATCOM is integrated to test system (c) active powers flow in the presence of DSTATCOM and (d) reactive powers flow in the presence of DSTATCOM.
21- 22 February 2019, SSN College of Engineering, Chennai, India
out load demand in absence of wind power generation. Low
magnitude variations are observed with active and reactive
powers supplied by solar PV system during event of wind
outage. Hence, wind outage also affects output power of solar
PV generator for short duration.
Voltage signal recorded on node 632 is analysed using
FFT. Total harmonic distortions in voltage (THDv) while
DSTATCOM is integrated to test system are found to be equal
to 0.3192%. THDv value reduced to 0.1608% while
DSTATCOM supported by BES is integrated to test system.
Thus, an improvement in THDv by 49.62% is achieved with
the use of DSTATCOM.
B. Event of Outage of Solar PV Generator while Wind
Generator is connected to Grid
The event of outage of solar PV generator while wind
generator is connected to grid is performed by opening circuit
breaker of solar PV generator on node 680 at 0.50 s. Voltage
(rms value) at node 632 without and with DSTATCOM is
provided respectively in Fig. 4 (a) and (b). Flow of active and
reactive powers while DSTATCOM is available is presented
respectively in Fig. 4 (c) and (d). This is observed that solar
PV outage has increased the voltage by 1.5 V with a transient
peak to peak value of 1.5 V. Outage of solar PV generator
while DSTATCOM is integrated to test system has not
changed voltage magnitude and transient peak value has also
reduced to 0.75 V. Therefore, improvement of voltage profile
by 100% is achieved while using the DSTATCOM and
transient peak value has improved by 50%. This is observed
from Figs. 4 (c) and (d), that available surplus active and
reactive powers due to wind and solar PV generator are stored
BESS and dc-link capacitor. Active and reactive powers
supplied by solar PV system reduced to zero at the instant of
outage of solar PV generator. The active power absorbed by
DSTATCOM reduces to zero and reactive power taken is
reduced due to solar PV outage. Transients of low frequency
are detected in reactive powers supplied by the wind and solar
due to outage of solar PV generator. Power transients of low
frequency are also detected in power supplied by utility grid
and wind generator. Therefore, solar PV outage also affects
the output power of the wind generator for short duration.
ICEES 2019 Fifth International Conference on Electrical Energy Systems 21- 22 February 2019, SSN College of Engineering, Chennai, India

Fig. 4. Event of outage of solar PV generator in presence of wind generation (a) voltage in the absence of DSTATCOM (b) voltage in the presence of
DSTATCOM (c) active powers flow in the presence of DSTATCOM and (d) reactive powers flow in the presence of DSTATCOM.

DSTATCOM is integrated to test system has decreased

FFT analysis to calculate THDv of voltage (recorded on
node 632) is performed. THDv while DSTATCOM is not
connected to test system is found to be equal to 0.2565%. The
THDv while DSTATCOM is integrated to test system is found
to be equal to 0.1318%. Therefore, a decrease by 48.62% in
values of THDv is obtained while using distribution static
compensator (DSTATCOM) in the outage event of solar PV
generator where wind generator remains integrated to utility
grid network.
C. Event of Simultaneous Outage of Solar PV Generator and
Wind Generator
The event of simultaneous outage of solar PV generator
and wind generator is performed by opening the circuit
breakers at 0.50 s. The voltage (rms value) at node 632
without and with DSTATCOM is provided respectively in
Figs. 5 (a) and (b). Flow of active and reactive powers while
DSTATCOM is integrated to test system are respectively
illustrated in Fig. 5 (c) and (d). This is observed that
simultaneous outage of solar and wind generators have
decreased the voltage from 2407.5 to 2402 V (reduction by
0.228%) without DSTATCOM. Event of outage while
voltage from 2406.5 V to 2403.5 V (0.124% decrease).
Therefore, an improvement in profile of voltage by 45.61% is
achieved while using the DSTATCOM. This can be observed
from Figs. 5 (c) and (d) that available surplus active and
reactive powers are used to collect energy in BESS and
capacitor of dc-link. Active and reactive powers supplied by
wind and solar PV generators reduced to zero at instant of
outage of generators. The DSTATCOM supplies active and
reactive powers to meet out load demand after outage of solar
and wind power generation. Transients of low frequency are
detected in reactive powers supplied by solar PV system due
to the event of outage.
FFT analysis to calculate THDv of voltage (recorded on
node 632) is performed. THDv while DSTATCOM is not
connected to network is found equal to 0.1078%. Application
of DSTATCOM has reduced the THDv to 0.0431%.
Therefore, an improvement of 60.02% in value of THDv is
achieved while using the DSTATCOM during the event of
simultaneous outage of solar PV system and wind generator.

Fig. 5. Event of simultaneous outage of solar PV generator and wind generator (a) voltage in the absence of DSTATCOM (b) voltage in the presence of
DSTATCOM (c) active powers flow in the presence of DSTATCOM and (d) reactive powers flow in the presence of DSTATCOM.
ICEES 2019 Fifth International Conference on Electrical Energy Systems
D. Event of Grid Synchronization of Wind Generator while
Solar PV Generator is connected to Grid
The event of grid synchronization of wind energy system
while solar PV generation is available is simulated by
switching on circuit breaker at 0.5 s. Fig. 6 (a) and (b) details
the voltage recorded on node 632 respectively without and
with DSTATCOM. The flow of active and reactive powers in
presence of DSTATCOM is respectively illustrated in Fig. 6
(c) and (d). This is observed that wind penetration increases
voltage followed by voltage sag. However, it is evident that in
while DSTATCOM is connected to network the voltage is
slightly reduced which indicates that the voltage profile
improves in the presence of DSTATCOM with BESS. This is
concluded that due to reactive power compensation provided
by capacitor available with DFIG. Active and reactive powers
supplied by utility grid in the test system are decreased due to
local wind power generation. Available additional active and
reactive powers are consumed by DSTATCOM which are
utilized to store energy in BESS and charging dc-link
capacitor. High magnitude power transients are observed in
active and reactive powers for duration of 1.2 s as observed
respectively in Fig. 6 (c) and (d). This is due to inrush current
drawn by DFIG. In the absence of DSTATCOM these
transients persists for a period of 3 s (approximately). Hence,
dynamic stability of the system is improved by using
DSTATCOM.
FFT analysis to calculate THDv of voltage (recorded on
node 632) is performed. THDv in absence of DSTATCOM is
found to be equal to 0.2198%. The use of DSTATCOM has
reduced THDv to 0.1304%. Hence, an improvement of
40.67% in the THDv value is achieved by using DSTATCOM
with simultaneous outage of solar PV generator and wind
generator.
E. Event of Grid Synchronization of Solar PV System while
Wind Generator is Connected to Grid
FFT analysis to calculate THDv of voltage (recorded on
node 632) is performed. THDv while DSTATCOM is not
connected to network is found to be equal to 0.2992%. It is
Fig. 6. Event of grid synchronization of wind generator (a) voltage in the absence of DSTATCOM (b) voltage in presence of DSTATCOM (c) active powers
flow in the presence of DSTATCOM and (d) reactive powers flow in the presence of DSTATCOM.
21- 22 February 2019, SSN College of Engineering, Chennai, India
observed to be equal to 0.1528% in the presence of
DSTATCOM with BESS. Thus, a decrease in the value of
THDv by 48.93% by the application of DTSTACOM is
achieved in event of synchronization of solar PV generator in
the presence of wind generator.
F. Event of Simultaneous Grid Synchronization of Solar PV
and Wind Generators
FFT analysis to calculate THDv of voltage (recorded on
node 632) is performed. THDv while DSTATCOM is kept in
circuit is found to be equal to 0.1565%. Implementation of
DSTATCOM has reduced THDv to 0.0735%. Hence, an
improvement of 53.04% in THDv is achieved while using the
DSTATCOM with simultaneous outage of solar PV generator
and wind power generator.
G. Comparative Study
A comparison of THDv values in the presence of RE
sources is illustrated in Table II. This is concluded that
DSTATCOM supported by BESS is effective for reducing the
harmonics components introduced due to penetration of wind
and solar energies into distribution utility network.
V. CONCLUSION
The research work proposed in this paper investigates the
PQ improvement in the distribution system integrating solar
PV generator and wind generator to form hybrid power
system. A DSTATCOM with BESS is proposed for
improvement of power quality during events like grid
synchronization and outage of wind generator and solar PV
system as well as simultaneous operations of these generators.
The proposed DSTATCOM supported by BESS controlled
with the help of SRF theory is found effective for
improvement of quality of power in hybrid power system in
the above mentioned events. From, this study it is established
that DSTATCOM with BESS is effective to improve quality
of power in hybrid power system network. Simulation results
show effectiveness of proposed DSTATCOM with BESS for
PQ improvement in hybrid power system.
ICEES 2019 Fifth International Conference on Electrical Energy Systems 21- 22 February 2019, SSN College of Engineering, Chennai, India

[4] Rahul Dubey, S. R.Samantaray, B. Chitti Babu and S. Nandha

TABLE II THD OF VOLTAGE IN HYBRID POWER SYSTEM WITH RE Kumar, “Detection of power quality disturbances in presence of
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Without With in THDv [5] Norman C.F.Tse, John Y.C.Chan, Wing-Hong Lau and Loi Lei Lai,
DSTATCOM DSTAT (%) “Hybrid Wavelet and Hilbert Transform with frequency-shifting
COM decomposition for power quality analysis,” IEEE Transactions on
Event of outage of wind 0.3192 0.1608 49.62 Instrumentation and Measurement , vol. 61, no. 12, pp-3225-3233,
generator in the presence Dec 2012
of solar PV generator [6] Raj Kumar, Bhim Singh, D. T. Shahani, Ambrish Chandra, Kamal
Event of outage of solar 0.2565 0.1318 48.62 Al-Haddad, “Recognition of Power-Quality Disturbances Using S-
PV generator in the Transform-Based ANN Classifier and Rule-Based Decision Tree”,
presence of wind energy IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, Vol. 51, No. 2, pp.1249-
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