Latimer (Reduction Potential) Diagrams (Section 8.

9)
Latimer Diagram – Diagram summarizing the standard (reduction) potentials of
different oxidation states of an element
 Latimer (Reduction Potential) Diagrams – Cont.
Acidic Solution:

Basic Solution:

*See Latimer Diagram Handout for more standard potentials of elements

 Frost (Oxidation State) Diagrams (Section 8.10)
Frost Diagram – summarizes oxidation states of an element
Frost (Oxidation State) Diagrams – Cont.
 Pourbaix Diagrams (Section 8.11)
Pourbaix Diagram – Diagram showing the thermodynamically stable species of
an element as a function of standard (reduction) potential and pH.
Pourbaix Diagrams – Cont.
 Ellingham Diagrams (Section 8.12)
Ellingham Diagram – A plot of free energy (∆G°) versus temperature useful for
investigating the conditions under which a redox reaction is feasible

vReduction of Metal Oxides to Metals by the Oxidation of Carbon

 Ellingham Diagrams – Cont.
2 Zn(s) + O2(g) à 2 ZnO(s) ∆ G°(298 K) = –636 kJ/mol
Ellingham Diagrams – Cont.
Biological Aspects (Section 8.13)