Disaster Risk Reduction Climate Change Adaptation-Enhanced Provincial Development and Physical Framework Plan 2017-2022

Table of Contents
MESSAGE I
LIST OF FIGURES iii
LIST OF TABLES iv
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 1
I. The History of Leyte 1
2. Objectives and Context of the PDPFP 2
3. Coverage of the PDPFP 3
4. Outline of the PDPFP 3
CHAPTER 2. VISION 3
CHAPTER 3. PLANNING ENVIRONMENT 4
CHAPTER 4. OVERALL PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT FRAMEWORK 117
CHAPTER 5. POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS 122
CHAPTER 6. GOALS, OBJECTIVES AND TARGETS 123
CHAPTER 7. STRATEGIES 124
CHAPTER 8. PROGRAMS, PROJECTS AND ACTIVITIES 127
CHAPTER 9. IMPLEMENTATION, MONITORING AND EVALUATION 132
ANNEXES
“A” - Provincial Development Investment Program (PDIP)
“B” - PDC Resolution No. 2017-10, Series of 2017
Governor’s Message
Greetings! I wish to present to you the updated Disaster Risk Reduction/Climate

Change Adaptation-Enhanced Provincial Development and Physical Framework Plan
(PDPFP) and the Provincial Development Investment Program (PDIP) of the Province of
Leyte, 2017 to 2022. After the preceding six-year-DRR-CCA enhanced PDPFP, 2011 to
2016, this updated version is now ready for implementation. This planning document
is a product of a harmonized planning at our level which is pursuant to DILG-NEDA-
DBM-DOF Joint Memorandum Circular (JMC) No. 1, Series of 2007, that mandates
provinces to harmonize and synchronize planning, investment programming, revenue
administration, budgeting and expenditure management.
Furthermore, this updated Plan is aligned with the national government’s

thrusts, such as: (a) the 0+10 Economic Agenda of the Duterte Administration, (b) the
2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, and (c) the Ambisyon Natin 2040. This is
also inclusive of the policies and guidelines set in the Regional Physical Framework
Plan (RPFP), the Regional Development Plan (RDP), and the Visayas Spatial
Development Framework (VSDF), 2015 to 2045. With the PDIP as the PDPFP’s
accompanying document, the vision therein set forth will hopefully be realized through
the strategic programs, projects and activities.
As your Provincial Governor, it is my earnest dream to achieve generational

sustainable development and realize the goal of poverty reduction among families in
the Province of Leyte. Mabuhay!
LEOPOLDO DOMINICO L. PETILLA

Governor
i
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE NO. NAME OF TABLE PAGE NO.
1 Location Map 5
2 Congressional District and Kilometer Distance Map 7
3 Annual Population Growth Rate Map 12
4 Population Density Map 13
5 Hierarchy of Settlement Map—2015 18
6 Province of Leyte Settlement—Hierarchy of Population 2015 19
7 Hierarchy of Settlement Map—2022 24
8 Province of Leyte Settlement—Hierarchy of Population 2022 25
9 Slope Map 27
10 Geological Map 30
11 Existing Land Use Map 32
12 Land Suitability Map 36
13 National Integrated Protected Areas System (NIPAS) Map 37
14 Watershed Map 39
15 Rice Production 45
16 Value Chain Map for Cardaba in Eastern Visayas 47
17 Location Map of Compact Farming 57
18 Health Facilities Map 60
19 Poverty Incidence Among Families by Province, Region 8: 2012 and 2015 64
20 Road Network Map 66
21 Water Facilities Map 69
22 Power Facilities Map 70
23 Solid Waste Facilities Map 72
24 Transportation, Access and Circulation Map 73
25 Climate Map of the Philippines 75
26 Population Exposure Map—Flood 84
27 Population Exposure Map—Rain Induced Landslide 87
28 Agricultural Exposure Map—Flood 89
29 Agriculture Exposure Map—Rain Induced Landslide 90
30 Agriculture Exposure Map— Storm Surge 91
31 Built-up Exposure Map—Flood 98
32 Built-up Exposure Map—Rain Induced Landslide 99
33 Vulnerability Index Map—Forestry Sector 105
34 Road Network Exposure Map—Flood 108
35 Road Network Exposure Map—Rain Induced Landslide 109
36 Overall Physical Framework Map 117
37 Transport Infrastructure Framework Map 120
38 National Framework Strategy on Climate Change 126
ii
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE NO. NAME OF TABLE PAGE NO.
1 Land, Area of Cities/Municipalities/District 6
2 Region 8 Population, Annual Population Growth Rate, Density, Area, by Province, 9
Philippines, CY 2010 and 2015
3 Province of Leyte, Population, Annual Population Growth Rate, Density, Area, by City/ 10
Municipality, CY 2010 and 2015
4 Estimated Population Density, Province of Leyte, by City/Municipality, CY 2022 14
5 Province of Leyte Criteria—Hierarchy of Centers 16
6 Province of Leyte Criteria—Hierarchy of Centers, CY 2015 17
7 Province of Leyte Criteria—Hierarchy of Centers, CY 2022 20
8 Roles and Functions of the Main Centers 21
9 Slope Classification 26
10 Major Rivers and Sources of Surface Water Province of Leyte 29
11 Existing Land Use Classification 31
12 Province of Leyte Consolidated Existing Land Use Categories by City/Municipality 32
13 Land Suitability: By Municipality/City 34
14 Inventory of Occupants in the Protected Areas 38
15 Watersheds in the Province of Leyte 40
16 Strategic Agricultural and Fisheries Development Zone (SAFDZ) Areas 41
17 Non-SAFDZ Areas 41
18 Rice Production for the period January to December 2016 43
19 Number of Banana Farmers in the Province of Leyte 48
20 Comparative Banana Production 2010-2014, By Top Producing Regions 49
21 Comparative Banana Production in Eastern Visayas 49
22 Leyte EconoMICs Priority Barangays 51
23 Annual Per Capita Poverty Threshold, Poverty Incidence Among Population and Families 64
24 Magnitude of Poor Population and Poor Families by Province 65
25 Rainfall, CYs 2004 to 2008 76
26 Baseline and Projected Temperature 2020 and 2050 77
27 Climate Change Impact Matrix 78
28 Climate Change Impact (PAG-ASA, Climate Change in the Philippines) 79
29 Erosion Potential 79
30 Summary Municipal Population Exposure—Flood 82
31 Summary Municipal Population Exposure—Rain Induced Landslide 85
32 Risk Exposure to Flood of Various Land Uses 88
33 Risk Exposure to Rain Induced Landslides of Various Land Uses 88
34 Risk Exposure to Storm Surge of Various Land Uses 88
35 Summary of Built-up Areas Exposure to Flood per Municipality 92
36 Summary of Built-up Areas Exposure to Rain Induced Landslide per Municipality 94
37 Summary of Built-up Areas Exposure to Storm Surge per Municipality 100
38 Vulnerability Index 102
39 Summary of Critical Point Facilities Exposure to Flood per Municipality 105
40 Self-Assessment on Disaster Risk Resiliency of the Province Using the Hyogo Framework 110
41 Assessment of Provincial Institutional Capacity to Implement LGU Mandates under the 112
Climate Change Act (RA 9729)
42 Assessment of Provincial Institutional Capacity to Implement LGU Mandates under the 113
Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act (RA 10121)
iii
1 Introduction
1. THE HISTORY OF LEYTE
The Province of Leyte is one of the country’s historic provinces. The

historical importance of Leyte is depicted in the provincial seal with an alpha-
bet on the cross argent which is the ancient Visayan paleographic syllabary
of the letter “L” which stands for Leyte. The white cross represents the sec-
ond phase of Leyte’s development, when Magellan passed through on his
way to Cebu. The upper portion is a perspective of the national Freedom
Park commemorating the landing of General Douglas MacArthur and the American Libera-
tion Forces in Leyte on October 20, 1944 during World War II. The stars around the inner cir-
cle symbolize the 41 towns of Leyte and the everlasting flame symbolizes the soldiers who
died during World War II.
On March 28, 1521, Ferdinand Magellan, a Portuguese navigator in the service of the
Spanish crown, found the Leyte gateway, while sailing southwestward from the tiny Homon-
hon island in Samar – an atoll about 60 nautical miles southeast of Tacloban City – passing
the coastline of Leyte to Liloan strait. Soon after, Magellan’s saw Limasawa, another atoll be-
yond Panaon lsland – a five-square-mile island at the southern tip of the Leyte mainland.
Here, Magellan met the native ruler, Rajah Kolambu, and his brother, Rajah Siagu, chieftain of
Butu in Mindanao. In Limasawa island, the first recorded blood compact or treaty of friendship
between Magellan and Rajah Kolambu took place on March 29, 1521, and where the first
Catholic mass in the orient was celebrated on March 31, 1521 (an Easter Sunday) by Fr.
Pedro de Valderrama. At sundown of that Easter Sunday, Magellan planted a cross on a hill-
top and took possession of the archipelago in the name of Spain. In 1543, The explorer Ruy
López de Villalobos, first came to the island and named it Las Islas Felipinas.1
In 1595, the Jesuits established the first mission in Leyte. At this time, there were only
19 pueblos with 70,000 people whom the missionaries converted to Christianity, easing the
settlement of Leyte by Spanish conquistadores. Politically, Leyte is deemed to have existed as
early as 1622. In 1735, Leyte was a politico-military province with jurisdiction over Samar.
The two provinces were politically separated in 1768. By Royal Decree on July 31, 1860
which ordered the re-organization of provincial government of the Visayas, Leyte was
classified as a third class province with 28 pueblos or villages.
The capital site of Leyte changed several times before Tacloban City, became the perma-
nent capital in 1787. The first capital was Carigara, then successively, Palo and Tanauan. The
Philippine-American war reached Leyte when General Lukban y Rilles, the appointed military
governor of Leyte and Samar by the revolutionary government of Malolos , arrived on January
17, 1899. The civil government under the Americans was organized on April 22, 1901. In
Leyte, the Americans decided to unify the eastern and the western parts of the islands sepa-
rated geographically by mountain range and culturally by two distinct dialects – the Lineyte-
Samarnon and Cebuano – by constructing the Baybay-Abuyog inter-coastal road in July 1918
which was formally inaugurated on April 5 to 7, 1937.
1
When the second World War hit the Philippines in 1941, the Japanese occupation fol-
lowed. On October 20, 1944, Leyte became world-renown when General Douglas MacArthur
strode through knee-high water onto “Red Beach” in the town of Palo, Leyte that led to the lib-
eration of the Philippines from the Japanese occupation. With him were President Sergio
Osmeña and Resident Commissioner Carlos P. Romulo. From October 23, 1944 to February
27, 1945, Tacloban became the temporary seat of the Philippine Commonwealth. Thereafter,
Leyte found an honored place in the history of the Philippines and of the world.
2. OBJECTIVES AND CONTEXT OF THE ENHANCED PDPFP
The DRR/CCA Enhanced Provincial Development and Physical Framework Plan (PDPFP)
of Province of Leyte provides the framework and defines the scope of development of the
province.
The preparation of the Enhanced PDPFP is in accordance with the Provincial/Local

Planning and Expenditure Management (PLPEM) Guidelines and the Guidelines on
Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction in Sub-national Development and Land Use/Physical
Planning published by the NEDA, the Asian Development Bank (ADB) and the European
Commission Humanitarian Aid.
The objectives of the PDPFP are as follows:
1. To provide the Vision Statement of the Province of Leyte;

2. To provide the descriptions, analyses and understanding of the existing situation
and the present socio-economic and physical characteristics of the Province of
Leyte;
3. To provide the detailed information on natural hazards, the risks attendant to them
and the vulnerabilities of exposed areas and communities
4. To define development issues and subsequent goals, objectives/targets and
strategies; and
5. To identify the programs, projects and activities and appropriate disaster risk
reduction measures that are consistent with the development objectives and
strategies.
2
3. COVERAGE OF THE PLAN
The enhanced PDPFP is a six-year (2017-2022) medium-term development plan contain-

ing a long-term vision that guides the direction of the Province. It is intended to guide the two
three-year political term of the Provincial Governor and can be aligned with a full term of the
national leadership. In the planning analyses of the PDPFP, longer-term trends are considered
despite its being a medium-term plan as said analyses are inputs to identifying the programs,
projects and activities (PPAs) for the six-year period that are embodied in the Provincial
Development Investment Program (PDIP).
In terms of geographical coverage, the cities and municipalities of the Province serve as
the major level of analytical disaggregation vis-a-vis population analysis and delineation of
metropolitan areas and watersheds. Also, references to land and its uses are explicitly cited in
the Plan.
On the sectoral coverage of the enhanced PDPFP, all major sectors relevant to the
Province’s development are included in the planning environment. Thus, all the data are
consistent with and comparable to the regional, municipal context and even the national
perspective.
4. OUTLINE OF THE PLAN
The enhanced PDPFP has nine (9) chapters. Chapter 1 (Introduction) contains the
historical background of the Province of Leyte, the legal bases for the preparation of the
PDPFP and the objectives of the PDPFP. Chapter 2 (Vision) presents the long-term vision of
the Province of Leyte. Chapter 3 (Planning Environment) contains the analysis of the
prevailing situation. This chapter presents various analyses on the Province’s population,
settlement pattern, local economy, employment, poverty, land use, transportation and other
infrastructure and utilities. Chapter 4 (Situational Analysis) Chapter 5 (Goals, Objectives/
Targets), Chapter 6 (Strategies), Chapter 7 (Land Use and Physical Development),
Chapter 8 (Programs, Projects and Activities or PPAs proposed for implementation from
2017 to 2022 by the departments and offices of the Provincial Government of Leyte. In the last
chapter - Chapter 9 - Implementation, Monitoring and Evaluation.
2 Vision A progressive province of Leyte with an empowered people

living in a sustainable environment with safer, adaptive and
disaster-resilient communities
Mission Leyte
EconoMICs GOAL Leyte EconoMICs Program is a
To attain human,
poverty alleviation program
family and community The Province’s poverty through the development of
development and incidence is reduced from resilient, inclusive and competitive
empowerment 23.6% in CY 2015 to 9.0% in community economy
CY 2022
3
3 Planning Environment
1. LOCATION, LAND AREA AND POLITICAL SUBDIVISION
The Province of Leyte is one of the six (6) provinces of Region VIII or the Eastern Visayas.
It is bounded by the Province of Biliran in the north, the San Juanico Strait and the island of
Samar in the east, the Visayan and Ormoc Seas in the west, and the Province of Southern
Leyte in the south (Figure 1).
Leyte’s total land area is 5,712.80 square kilometers or 571,280 hectares. It is the largest
province in the Eastern Visayas region, comprises 25.47% of the region's total land area of
22,427.60 square kilometers.
By virtue of Republic Act No. 2227 issued on May 22, 1959, the Leyte Island was divided
into the Provinces of Leyte and Southern Leyte, and Biliran as Leyte’s sub-province. On May
11, 1992, Biliran became an independent province when the people of Biliran and Leyte ratified
in a plebiscite the conversion of Biliran into a province.
Leyte is a first class province with 40 municipalities and three (3) cities, two (2) of which
are administratively independent of the Province. Ormoc City is an independent component
city, while the capital, Tacloban City (which is also the regional capital of the Eastern Visayas
region) was declared as a highly-urbanized city (HUC) in Calendar Year 2008. Both cities
govern themselves independently of the Province. Baybay regained its city status following the
reversal of the Supreme Court decision dated December 22, 2009. Leyte is comprised of
1,641 barangays, majority of which (1,258 or 76.7% of the total) are rural and the remaining
383 or 23.3% are urban.
The municipalities of the Province are clustered into five (5) congressional districts,
namely: (1) the First District with an area of 758.60 square kilometers and comprised of Taclo-
ban City and seven (7) municipalities; (2) the Second District with an area of 1,360 square
kilometers and comprised of 14 municipalities; (3) the Third District with an area of 740.30
square kilometers and five (5) municipalities; (4) the Fourth District with an area of 1,189.30
square kilometers and comprised of Ormoc City and six (6) municipalities; and (5) the Fifth Dis-
trict with an area of 1,663.70 square kilometers and comprised of Baybay City and eight (8)
municipalities (refer to Table 1 and Figure 2).
4
Figure 1
5
Table 1
Land Area of Cities/Municipalities by District
AREA AREA 2015 2015

CITY/MUNICIPALITY/DISTRICT
(SQ. KM.) % POPULATION DENSITY
District I 758.60 13.28 511,031 674

1. Tacloban City 100.90 1.77 242,089 2,399
2. Alangalang 150.50 2.63 55,235 367
3. Babatngon 137.80 2.41 27,797 202
4. Palo 67.60 1.18 70,052 1,036
5. San Miguel 120.10 2.10 19,420 162
6. Sta. Fe 81.90 1.43 20,439 250
7. Tanauan 68.10 1.19 55,021 808
8. Tolosa 31.70 0.55 20,978 662
District II 1,360.90 23.82 406,359 299
1. Barugo 78.50 1.37 32,745 417
2. Burauen 178.00 3.12 52,732 296
3. Capoocan 185.40 3.25 33,617 181
4. Carigara 94.90 1.66 51,345 541
5. Dagami 160.00 2.80 35,147 220
6. Dulag 39.00 0.68 47,300 1,213
7. Jaro 148.70 2.60 43,199 291
8. Julita 53.30 0.93 15,114 284
9. La Paz 171.50 3.00 19,998 117
10. Mayorga 61.60 1.08 21,211 436
11. MacArthur 48.60 0.85 17,161 279
12. Pastrana 79.30 1.39 18,002 227
13. Tabontabon 23.90 0.42 11,204 469
14. Tunga 38.20 0.67 7,584 199
District III 740.30 12.96 179,594 243
1. Calubian 137.60 2.41 31,228 227
2. Leyte 238.30 4.17 40,639 171
3. San Isidro 109.20 1.91 31,641 290
4. Tabango 129.20 2.26 34,195 265
5. Villaba 126.00 2.21 41,891 332
District IV 1,189.30 20.82 471,197 396
1. Ormoc City 464.30 8.13 215,031 463
2. Albuera 181.20 3.17 46,332 256
3. Isabel 97.50 1.71 46,915 481
4. Kananga 144.20 2.52 56,575 392
5. Matag-ob 75.40 1.32 18,373 244
6. Merida 122.70 2.15 29,863 243
7. Palompon 104.00 1.82 58,108 559
District V 1,663.70 29.12 398,587 240
1. Baybay City 410.50 7.19 109,432 202
2. Abuyog 294.70 5.16 59,571 440
3. Bato 87.10 1.52 38,356 267
4. Hilongos 136.90 2.40 63,431 463
5. Hindang 127.40 2.23 20,924 164
6. Inopacan 182.40 3.19 20,550 113
7. Javier 141.80 2.48 25,379 179
8. Mahaplag 172.00 3.01 27,823 162
9. Matalom. 110.90 1.94 33,121 299
6
CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT AND KILOMETER DISTANCE MAP
CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT ANDofKILOMETER
Province Leyte DISTANCE MAP
Province of Leyte
Figure 2
Kilometer distance from Tacloban City

CitCity
First District Km.
Tacloban City 00.00
Alangalang 29.27
Babatngon 33.05
Carigara Bay
Palo 11.57
San Miguel 40.42
Sta. Fe 21.27
Tanauan 17.64
Tolosa 23.86
Second District Km.
Barugo 51.67
Burauen 42.96
Capoocan 59.47
Carigara 54.59
Dagami 31.49
Dulag 36.64
Jaro 37.52
Julita 45.10
La Paz 51.60
Mayorga 48.53
MacArthur 43.00
Pastrana 27.95
Tabontabon 33.21
Tunga 44.88
Third District Km.
Calubian 157.00
Leyte 86.30
San Isidro 175.87
Tabango 159.50 Camotes Sea
Villaba 146.65
Fourth District Km.
Ormoc City 110.12
Albuera 123.82 LEGEND:
Isabel 154.09
Kananga 86.50 First District
Matag-ob 101.36
Second District
Merida 134.29
Third District
Palompon 124.38
Fourth District Province of
Fifth District Km.
Fifth District Southern Leyte
Abuyog 61.62
Bato 153.68
Baybay City 107.81
Hilongos 145.72
Hindang 138.70
Inopacan 130.80
Javier 65.05
Mahaplag 88.08
Matalom 158.26
7
2. POPULATION AND SETTLEMENTS
2.1 Population Growth: Province
The Province of Leyte (excluding Tacloban City) has a total population of 1,724,679
according to the 2015 Census of Population. It is the most populated province in Region
VIII inasmuch as 38.84% of the total regional population are in Leyte. Its population den-
sity in CY 2015 stood at 302 persons per square kilometer (sq. km.) and the second
highest among the six (6) provinces of the Eastern Visayas region. It was greater than
the region's population density of 198 persons per square kilometer and the country's
population density of 337 persons per square kilometer (Table 1). Within the period of
CY 2010 to CY 2015, Annual Population Growth Rate (APGR) was 1.92% which is lower
by 0.81% than the region's APGR of 2.73% (Table 2).
2.2 Population Growth and Density: Cities and Municipalities
Results of the 2015 census showed that Tacloban City, the only urbanized city in
the region had the highest population density of 2,399 persons per sq. km. Its popula-
tion of 242,089 accounted for 12.31% of the province's total population of 1.79 million.
Tacloban City is followed by the municipality of Dulag at 1,213 persons per sq. km.
Inopacan has the lowest population density at 113 persons per sq.km; the municipality
occupies only 3.19% of the Province's total land area. Aside from Tacloban City, the five
(5) largest population settlements are Ormoc City, Baybay City, Palo, Abuyog and Hilon-
gos, which account for 26.31% of the Province’s total population. These aforesaid settle-
ments are followed by Palompon, Burauen, Tanauan, Carigara and Kananga (Table 3).
Given its current growth rate, the population of Tacloban City is expected to grow at
274,734 by the end of the plan period (2022). This translates into an additional
population of 32,645 with an estimated population density of 2,723 persons per sq.
Km. (Table 4).
2.3 Settlements
2.3.1 Criteria for Hierarchy of Centers
The hierarchies of existing urban centers are categorized according to

functional hierarchy based on the population size and functions. As shown in
Table 5, the hierarchies are categorized as: (1) Primary Metropolitan Center,
(2) Secondary Metropolitan Center, (3) Small/Medium City, (4) Large Town, (5)
Medium Town, and (6) Small Town. Each of these categories has its respec-
tive economic roles, functions in relation to the range or level of urban popula-
tion.
Another consideration is the measure of the overall accessibility taking

into account the average travel time of residents in small, medium or large
towns to urban centers and growth areas given the road condition which is
generally good as a result of national and provincial development efforts on road
concreting or paving.
8
Table 2
Region VIII Population, Annual Population Growth Rate, Density, Area, By Province,
Philippines
CYs 2010 and 2015
2015
2010 2015 APGR
POPULA- DENSITY DENSITY AREA AREA
PROVINCE POPULA- POPULA- 2010-
TION % 2010 2015 (sq.km) %
TION TION 2015
SHARE
Leyte 1,567,984 1,724,679 38.84% 1.92 274 302 5,712.80 25.47
Southern Leyte 399,137 9.50% 1.11 222 235 1,797.20 8.01
Biliran 161,760 171,612 3.87% 1.19 302 320 536.00 2.39
Samar 733,377 17.58% 1.25 121 129 6,048.00 26.97
Eastern Samar 428,877 9.98% 1.72 92 101 4,640.70 20.69
Northern 589,013 14.24% 1.43 159 171 3,692.90 16.47
Region VIII 4,101,322 80.31% 2.73 173 198 22,427.60 100.00

PHILIPPINES 92,337,852 100,981,437 4.4% 1.29 295 337 300,000.00
2.3.2 2015 Hierarchy of Centers
In CY 2015, the cities of Tacloban, Ormoc and Baybay were within the small/
medium cities category (population within the range of 100,001 to 250,000). The
municipalities of Alangalang, Palo, Tanauan, Burauen, Carigara, Kananga,
Palompon, Abuyog and Hilongos were deemed large towns (population between
50,001 to 100,000). Nineteen (19) municipalities were medium towns (population
ranging between 25,000 to 50,000), while 13 municipalities were small towns
(population of 2,501 to 25,000). Leyte has no metropolitan center as shown in
Table 6, Figures 5 and 6.
2.3.3 2022 Trend Hierarchy of Centers
In CY 2022, Tacloban City and Ormoc City will qualify as a secondary metro-
politan center as can be gleaned in Table 8, Baybay City will remain a medium/
small city. Nine (9) municipalities will continue to be large towns, while Albuera
and Dulag are projected to move from the medium town category to the large
town category. Eighteen (18) municipalities will remain as medium towns. Ten
(10) municipalities will continue to be small towns as shown in Table 7 and
Figures 7 and 8.
9
Table 3
Province of Leyte Population, Annual Population Growth Rate, Density, Area, by City/
Municipality, 2010, 2015
2010 2015
2010 2015 POPU- POPU- AGPR
CITY/ DENSITY DENSITY AREA AREA
POPU- POPULA- LATION LATION 2010-
MUNICIPALITY 2010 2015 (SQ.KM) %
LATION TION % % 2015
SHARE SHARE
1. Baybay City 102,841 109,432 5.75 5.56 1.25 251 267 410.50 7.19
2. Ormoc City 191,200 215,031 10.69 10.93 2.38 412 463 464.30 8.13
3. Tacloban City 221,174 242,089 12.36 12.31 1.82 2,192 2399 100.90 1.77
4. Abuyog 57,146 59,571 3.19 3.03 0.83 194 202 294.70 5.16
5. Alangalang 46,411 55,235 2.59 2.81 3.54 308 367 150.50 2.63
6. Albuera 40,553 46,332 2.27 2.36 2.70 224 256 181.20 3.17
7. Babatngon 25,575 27,797 1.43 1.41 1.68 186 202 137.80 2.41
8. Barugo 30,092 32,745 1.68 1.66 1.70 383 417 78.50 1.37
9. Bato 35,610 38,356 1.99 1.95 1.50 409 440 87.10 1.52
10. Burauen 48,853 52,732 2.73 2.68 1.54 274 296 178.00 3.12
11. Calubian 29,619 31,228 1.66 1.59 1.06 215 227 137.60 2.41
12. Capoocan 29,834 33,617 1.67 1.71 2.42 161 181 185.40 3.25
13. Carigara 47,444 51,345 2.65 2.61 1.59 500 541 94.90 1.66
14. Dagami 31,490 35,147 1.76 1.79 2.22 197 220 160.00 2.80
15. Dulag 41,757 47,300 2.33 2.40 2.52 1,071 1213 39.00 0.68
16. Hilongos 56,803 63,431 3.17 3.23 2.23 415 463 136.90 2.40
17. Hindang 20,179 20,924 1.13 1.06 0.73 158 164 127.40 2.23
18. Inopacan 19,904 20,550 1.11 1.04 0.64 109 113 182.40 3.19
19. Isabel 43,593 46,915 2.44 2.39 1.48 447 481 97.50 1.71
20. Jaro 39,577 43,199 2.21 2.20 1.77 266 291 148.70 2.60
21. Javier 23,878 25,379 1.33 1.29 1.23 168 179 141.80 2.48
22. Julita 13,307 15,114 0.74 0.77 2.58 250 284 53.30 0.93
23. Kananga 48,027 56,575 2.68 2.88 3.33 333 392 144.20 2.52
24. La Paz 19,133 19,998 1.07 1.02 0.89 112 117 171.50 3.00
25. Leyte 37,505 40,639 2.10 2.07 1.62 157 171 238.30 4.17
26. MacArthur 18,724 21,211 1.05 1.08 2.53 385 436 48.60 0.85
27. Mahaplag 26,599 27,823 1.49 1.41 0.90 155 162 172.00 3.01
28. Matag-ob 17,089 18,373 0.96 0.93 1.46 227 244 75.40 1.32
10
Table 3 (Continuation)
2010 2015
2010 2015 POPU- POPU- AGPR
CITY/ DENSITY DENSITY AREA AREA
POPU- POPULA- LATION LATION 2010-
MUNICIPALITY 2010 2015 (SQ.KM) %
LATION TION % % 2015
SHARE SHARE
29. Matalom 31,097 33,121 1.74 1.68 1.27 280 299 110.90 1.94
30. Mayorga 14,694 17,161 0.82 0.87 3.15 239 279 61.60 1.08
31. Merida 27,224 29,863 1.52 1.52 1.87 222 243 122.70 2.15
32. Palo 62,727 70,052 3.51 3.56 2.23 928 1036 67.60 1.18
33. Palompon 54,163 58,108 3.03 2.95 1.42 521 559 104.00 1.82
34. Pastrana 16,649 18,002 0.93 0.92 1.57 210 227 79.30 1.39
35. San Isidro 28,554 31,641 1.60 1.61 2.07 261 290 109.20 1.91
36. San Miguel 17,561 19,420 0.98 0.99 2.03 146 162 120.10 2.10
37. Sta. Fe 17,427 20,439 0.97 1.04 3.24 213 250 81.90 1.43
38. Tabango 31,932 34,195 1.78 1.74 1.38 247 265 129.20 2.26
39. Tabontabon 9,838 11,204 0.55 0.57 2.63 412 469 23.90 0.42
40. Tanauan 50,119 55,021 2.80 2.80 1.88 736 808 68.10 1.19
41. Tolosa 17,921 20,978 1.00 1.07 3.20 565 662 31.70 0.55
42. Tunga 6,516 7,584 0.36 0.39 3.08 171 199 38.20 0.67
43. Villaba 38,819 41,891 2.17 2.13 1.53 308 332 126.00 2.21
Total 1,789,158 1,966,768 100.00 100.00 313 344 5,712.80 100.00
11
Figure 3
CY 2015
12
Figure 4
CY 2015
13
Table 4
Estimated Population Density, Province of Leyte, by City/Municipality, CY 2022
APGR PGR
EST
APGR DEN- FAC- FAC-
CITY/ MUNICIPAL- POP AREA EST POP DEN- ADD POP
POP 2010 2010- SITY TOR TOR
ITY 2015 (SQKM) 2022 SITY 2015-2022
2015 2015 2010- 2015-
2022
2015 2022
1. Baybay City 102,841 109,432 1.25 410.50 267 1.0125 1.0909 119,375 291 9,943
2. Ormoc City 191,200 215,031 2.38 464.30 463 1.0238 1.1787 253,466 546 38,435
3. Tacloban City 221,174 242,089 1.82 100.90 2,399 1.0182 1.1348 274,734 2723 32,645
4. Abuyog 57,146 59,571 0.83 294.70 202 1.0083 1.0599 63,140 214 3,569
5. Alangalang 46,411 55,235 3.54 150.50 367 1.0354 1.2759 70,477 468 15,242
6. Albuera 40,553 46,332 2.70 181.20 256 1.0270 1.2050 55,832 308 9,500
7. Babatngon 25,575 27,797 1.68 137.80 202 1.0168 1.1237 31,236 227 3,439
8. Barugo 30,092 32,745 1.70 78.50 417 1.0170 1.1256 36,857 470 4,112
9. Bato 35,610 38,356 1.50 87.10 440 1.0150 1.1096 42,560 489 4,204
10. Burauen 48,853 52,732 1.54 178.00 296 1.0154 1.1129 58,685 330 5,953
11. Calubian 29,619 31,228 1.06 137.60 227 1.0106 1.0769 33,628 244 2,400
12. Capoocan 29,834 33,617 2.42 185.40 181 1.0242 1.1819 39,732 214 6,115
13. Carigara 47,444 51,345 1.59 94.90 541 1.0159 1.1170 57,351 604 6,006
14. Dagami 31,490 35,147 2.22 160.00 220 1.0222 1.1663 40,991 256 5,844
15. Dulag 41,757 47,300 2.52 39.00 1,213 1.0252 1.1907 56,318 1444 9,018
16. Hilongos 56,803 63,431 2.23 136.90 463 1.0223 1.1671 74,029 541 10,598
17. Hindang 20,179 20,924 0.73 127.40 164 1.0073 1.0521 22,013 173 1,089
18. Inopacan 19,904 20,550 0.64 182.40 113 1.0064 1.0457 21,490 118 940
19. Isabel 43,593 46,915 1.48 97.50 481 1.0148 1.1083 51,995 533 5,080
20. Jaro 39,577 43,199 1.77 148.70 291 1.0177 1.1304 48,833 328 5,634
21. Javier 23,878 25,379 1.23 141.80 179 1.0123 1.0891 27,640 195 2,261
22. Julita 13,307 15,114 2.58 53.30 284 1.0258 1.1951 18,063 339 2,949
23. Kananga 48,027 56,575 3.33 144.20 392 1.0333 1.2578 71,157 493 14,582
14
APGR PGR EST

APGR DEN-
CITY/ MUNICI- AREA FACTOR FACTOR EST POP DEN- ADD POP
POP 2010 POP 2015 2010- SITY
PALITY (SQKM) 2010- 2015- 2022 SITY 2015-2022
2015 2015
2015 2022 2022
24. La Paz 19,133 19,998 0.89 171.50 117 1.0089 1.0639 21,275 124 1,277
25. Leyte 37,505 40,639 1.62 238.30 171 1.0162 1.1189 45,471 191 4,832
26. MacArthur 18,724 21,211 2.53 48.60 436 1.0253 1.1908 25,257 520 4,046
27. Mahaplag 26,599 27,823 0.90 172.00 162 1.0090 1.0650 29,632 172 1,809
28. Matag-ob 17,089 18,373 1.46 75.40 244 1.0146 1.1067 20,334 270 1,961
29. Matalom 31,097 33,121 1.27 110.90 299 1.0127 1.0923 36,178 326 3,057
30. Mayorga 14,694 17,161 3.15 61.60 279 1.0315 1.2427 21,326 346 4,165
31. Merida 27,224 29,863 1.87 122.70 243 1.0187 1.1383 33,993 277 4,130
32. Palo 62,727 70,052 2.23 67.60 1,036 1.0223 1.1672 81,766 1210 11,714
33. Palompon 54,163 58,108 1.42 104.00 559 1.0142 1.1034 64,118 617 6,010
34. Pastrana 16,649 18,002 1.57 79.30 227 1.0157 1.1156 20,083 253 2,081
35. San Isidro 28,554 31,641 2.07 109.20 290 1.0207 1.1546 36,531 335 4,890
36. San Miguel 17,561 19,420 2.03 120.10 162 1.0203 1.1513 22,358 186 2,938
37. Sta. Fe 17,427 20,439 3.24 81.90 250 1.0324 1.2501 25,550 312 5,111
38. Tabango 31,932 34,195 1.38 129.20 265 1.0138 1.1006 37,635 291 3,440
39. Tabon-
tabon 9,838 11,204 2.63 23.90 469 1.0263 1.1996 13,441 562 2,237
40. Tanauan 50,119 55,021 1.88 68.10 808 1.0188 1.1396 62,700 921 7,679
41. Tolosa 17,921 20,978 3.20 31.70 662 1.0320 1.2467 26,153 825 5,175
42. Tunga 6,516 7,584 3.08 38.20 199 1.0308 1.2368 9,380 246 1,796
43. Villaba 38,819 41,891 1.53 126.00 332 1.0153 1.1125 46,604 370 4,713
Total 1,789,158 1,966,768 1.91 5,712.80 344 1.0191 1.1857 2,249,390 394 282,622
15
Table 5
PROVINCE OF LEYTE
CRITERIA - HIERARCHY OF CENTERS
Province of Leyte
INDICATOR URBAN
CENTER ROLE FUNCTIONS POPULATION
1. Primary Metropolitan International production  International port, airport + 1,000,001

Center and distribution center industry and commerce
2. Secondary Metropolitan International production  International port, airport 250,001 – 1,000,000

Center and distribution center industry and commerce
3. Small/Medium City International production  International port, airport 100,001 -250,000

and distribution center industry and commerce
4. Large Town Inter-regional center  Specialist medical 50,000 - 100,000

facilities
 Offices of NGA
 Tourism facilities
5. Medium Town Provincial services  Comprehensive 25,001 – 50,000

and administration shopping
 Tertiary health and
education services
6. Small Town Small agri-processing  Entertainment 2,500 – 25,000

and services
 Full range of
convenient shops
 Extension services
16
Table 6
PROVINCE OF LEYTE
HIERARCHY OF CENTERS
CY 2015
CENTERS
LEVEL OF HIERARCHY POPULATION
1. Primary Metropolitan Center - + 1,000,000
-
2. Secondary Metropolitan 250,001 - 1,000,000
Center
3. Small/Medium City Ormoc City, Tacloban City and 100,001 - 250,000

Baybay City
4. Large Town Alangalang, Palo, Tanauan, 50,001 - 100,000

Burauen, Carigara, Kananga,
Palompon, Abuyog and
Hilongos
5. Medium Town Babatngon, Barugo, Capoocan, 25,001 - 50,000

Dagami, Dulag, Jaro, Calubian,
Leyte, San Isidro, Tabango, Vil-
laba, Albuera, Isabel, Merida,
Abuyog, Bato, Javier, Mahaplag
and Matalom
6. Small Town San Miguel, Sta. Fe, Tolosa, 2,500 - 25,000

Julita La Paz, Mayorga, MacAr-
thur, Pastrana, Tabontabon,
Tunga, Matag-ob, Hindang and
Inopacan
17
Figure 5
CY 2015
18
Figure 6
Province of Leyte Settlement Hierarchy on Population 2015
300,000
250,000
200,000
150,000
Population
100,000
50,000
City/Muncipality
19
Table 7
PROVINCE OF LEYTE
HIERARCHY OF CENTERS
CY 2022
POPULATION
LEVEL OF HIERARCHY CENTERS POPULATION
SHARE
1. Primary Metropolitan - + 1,000,000

Center
2. Secondary Tacloban City 250,001 - 2.3

Metropolitan Ormoc City 1,000,000
Center
3. Small/Medium City Baybay City 100,001 - 4.6

250,000
4. Large Town Abuyog, Alangalang, 50,001 - 13.95

Albuera, Burauen, Carigara, 100,000
Dulag, Hilongos, Isabel,
Kananga, Palo, Palompon
and Tanauan
5. Medium Town Babatngon, Barugo, Bato, 25,001 - 50,000 46.51

Calubian, Capoocan,
Dagami, Jaro, Javier, Leyte,
MacArthur, Mahaplag,
Matalom, Merida, San Isidro,
Sta. Fe, Tabango, Tolosa
and Villaba
6. Small Town Hindang, Inopacan, Julita, 2,500 - 25,000 33.54

La Paz, Matag-ob, Mayorga,
Pastrana, San Miguel,
Tabontabon and Tunga
20
Table 8
ROLES AND FUNCTIONS OF THE MAIN CENTERS
ROLES AND FUNCTIONS

CENTER
2015 2022
Tacloban City (Highly Major center for tertiary sector (trade, A strategic hub of Eastern Visayas for
Urbanized City) manufacturing, finance, services) educational excellence
Extension of gateway to Luzon and
Gateway to Luzon and Mindanao Mindanao
Major center for institutions together Major center for institutions and
with Palo services
Major center for education (colleges Center for competitive and responsive
and universities) human capital
In-migration area (growth center) Extension of human resource devel-

opment and information technology
Settlement area not only for present

population growth but for high
in-migration due to high
urbanization
Light and medium industrial zone
Ormoc (Medium City) Secondary center for manufacturing Extension of commerce and trade
commerce and trade (due to easy
access to Cebu)
Secondary Center for education Built-up industrial functions due to PIC
Gateway to Cebu City and other Improved port facilities to support

central islands extension of trade and commerce
Destination for eco tourism because of Settlement area not only for present
Lake Danao population growth but for
in-migration
Eco-tourism zone
Baybay (Small City) Major center for agricultural education Extension of this function (through
implementation of the Baybay
Industrial Park)
Producer of coconut based products
Abuyog (Large Town) Major center for abaca production Extension of abaca production
Major producer of rice, coconut, Intensifying the productivity of agri-

vegetables and root crops based production
Extension of high value crop

production
21
ROLES AND FUNCTIONS
CENTER
2015 2022
Alangalang (Medium Town) Part of the Tacloban-Ormoc growth cor- Part of the Tacloban-Ormoc
ridor growth corridor
In-migration area – expansion area of Settlement area and industrial

Tacloban (RPFP p. 50) area, not only for present
population growth but also for
immigration
Rice granary of the Province Agro-based production area
Burauen (Large Town) Destination for eco-tourism because of Eco-tourism zone

Mahagnao National Park
Major center for abaca and coconut

production
Carigara (Medium Town) Part of the Tacloban-Ormoc growth Part of the Tacloban-Ormoc
corridor growth corridor
Center for marine products Secondary center for trade and

industry
Center for culture and eco-tourism
(museum, church and old buildings)
Hilongos (Large Town) Producer of rice and cassava Center for feed milling
Rice milling area
Presence of cassava based

processing firms
Kananga (Large Town) Location of the Leyte Geothermal power Location of the Leyte
Plants Geothermal power Plants
Expansion area of Ormoc City Expansion area of Ormoc City
Site of light industries
Palo (Large Town) Part of the Tacloban-Ormoc growth Part of the Tacloban-Ormoc
corridor growth corridor
Expansion area of Tacloban (RPFP p. Settlement areas for in-migration

50) of people
Major center for government institutions Educational and commercial cen-

ter
Destination for religion and eco-tourism
(cathedral, shrines, McArthur Land- Special eco-zone and
ing Memorial National Park) conservation area
22
ROLES AND FUNCTIONS
CENTER
2015 2022
Palompon (Large Town) Secondary center for education Expansion of secondary center for
education
Center for raw marine products Center for seafood industry
A bird sanctuary Expansion for bird sanctuary
Tanauan (Medium Town) Extension area of Tacloban Expansion area of Tacloban
Producer of ceramics Center for ceramics industry
Producer of rice vegetables, coconuts Expansion of processing industry for

and root crops agricultural products
Center for coconut oil processing Secondary center for education

(New Leyte Edible Oil
Manufacturing Company)
Isabel (Medium Town) Part of Tacloban-Ormoc growth Part of Tacloban-Ormoc growth

corridor corridor
Expansion area of Ormoc City Settlement areas for in-migration of

people
Site of heavy industries
Expansion of Leyte Industrial
Export production due to LIDE Development Estate (LIDE)
A gateway for industrial raw materials Improvement of gateway (roll on and

and products roll off facilities)
San Isidro (Medium Town) Growth center Settlement areas for in-migration of
people
Major eco-tourism destination
Special eco-tourism zone and forest
Industrial area for light and comple- conservation area
mentary industries
Expansion of industrial area for light
and complementary industries
Calubian (Medium Town) Growth Center Settlement areas for in-migration of

people
Site for secondary eco-tourism
Extension for special eco-zone and
A banana producing town conservation area
A processing town for banana based

products
23
Figure 7
CY 2022
24
25
3. PHYSICAL RESOURCES
3.1 General Land and Water Characteristics and Resources
3.1.1 Topography and Slope
Natural land slope is categorized into six (6) ranges. The first category is 0
to 3% slope or flatlands; there are 173,801 hectares or 30.4% of the total land
area in this category. These areas are considered as irrigable and highly suit-
able for agriculture, urban and industrial uses. The 3% to 8% slope is charac-
terized as gently sloping to undulating and highly suitable for agricultural and
non-agricultural development. This covers 46,722 hectares or 8.2% of the total
land area. The slope between 8% and 18% has a wide variety of uses and a
suitable area for planting seasonal and permanent crops. About 12.6% or
72,207 hectares fall under this category. Hilly to mountainous areas which are
categorically within the 18% to 30% slope comprise a total land area of 163,220
hectares or 28.6%. The 30% to 50% slope category is classified as mod-
erately steep to very steep which covers 84,623 hectares or 14.8%. Slope
above 50% covering 30,707 hectares is characterized as very steep to ex-
tremely rough mountainous areas equivalent to 5.4%. A tabular presentation
hereof is shown below and the corresponding Slope Map can be seen in
Figure 9.
Table 9. SLOPE CLASSIFICATION

Province of Leyte
LAND CLASSIFICATION AREA (in % TO

SLOPE LIMIT DESCRIPTION
hectares) TOTAL
Irrigable and highly suit-

0 to 3% Flatlands able for agriculture, ur- 173,801 30.40
ban and industrial uses
Highly suitable for agri-
Gently sloping to un- culture and non-
3 to 8% 46,722 8.20
dulating agricultural development
Suitable area for planting
8 to 18% Undulating to rolling seasonal and permanent 72,207 12.60
crops
Hilly to mountainous
18 to 30% For tree crop planting 163,220 28.60
areas
For timber production,
Moderately steep to not suited to any type of
30 to 50% 84,623 14.80
very steep agriculture
Very steep to ex- For timber production,
Above 50% tremely rough moun- not suited to any types of 30,707 5.40
tainous areas agriculture
TOTAL 571,280 100.00
26
Figure 9
CY 2015
27
3.1. 2 Land and Water Resources
The Province of Leyte has a total land area of 5,712.80 square kilometers
which is 26.7% of the Eastern Visayas’ total land area of 21,431.70 square
kilometers.
Leyte’s terrain is relatively flat near and along its coast. The mountainous and
rough areas are located in the middle portion of the island. Vast plains can be
found in the island but these are traversed by mountain ranges with peaks from
approximately 2,295 to 3,280 feet high and extending generally from north to
south. Leyte’s overall land structure is described as heavily-settled coastal plains
and relatively-deserted mountainous and hilly interiors.
The Province is traversed by eight (8) major rivers, namely:

Sangputan, Lingayon, Daguitan, Bito, Layog, Payonjan, Pagsanghan, and
Palaypay. These rivers serve as the Province’s major sources of surface water.
Layog River is the largest river having a watershed area of 597 sq.km. Dapdap,
Cadacan, Baelon and Calingcaguin Rivers are tributaries of the major rivers.
3.1. 3 Geological Features of the Province
The Alto Peak (Mt. Danao), classified as an inactive volcano, is the most
prominent of the volcanic mountains that constitute the Leyte Central Highlands
Range, which is 1,219 meters above sea level (masl). The volcanoes
occupy present topographic highs and farm ridges with irregular slopes. 2 Two
(2) small mountain systems also comprise the Province’s major geomorphic fea-
tures and primary lowlands are the Leyte Valley and the Ormoc Valley. At the Leyte
Valley, major and rich deposits of tuffaceous sediments are found. On the other
hand, the recent deposits at Ormoc Valley are well sorted along rivers in forms with
varying thickness, width and length (Figure 10 ).
3.2 Land Use Potential and Constraints
3.2.1 Land Classification
Of the Province’s total land area of 571,280 hectares, 68% (388,595 hectares)
is classified as Alienable and Disposable (A & D) land and the remaining 32%
(182,685 hectares) is forest land. Of the A & D’s 388,595 hectares, 88.8% (345,067
hectares) is agricultural land; 8.7% (33,807 hectares) is built-up area; and the
remaining 2.5% (9,721 hectares) is devoted to special land use.
About 10.36% (35,750 hectares) of the total agricultural land is planted to

irrigated rice; 6.98% (24,092 hectares) is planted to lowland rainfed and upland rice;
17.57% (60,620 hectares) is for cultivated annual crops; 47.86% (165,152 hectares)
is planted to perennial crops; 0.56% (1,942 hectares) is devoted to pasture land;
15.88% is shrub and grass land; and a very nil 0.79% (2,720 hectares) is utilized for
28
Table 10. MAJOR RIVERS AND SOURCES OF SURFACE WATER
Province of Leyte
RIVER COVERAGE AREA
Abuyog, Baybay and Javier

1. Bito
2. Cadac-an Abuyog
3. Calingcaguin Capoocan, Kananga
Albuera, Burauen, Dagami, Dulag, Julita, La Paz and

4. Daguitan
Ormoc City
5. Dapdap San Miguel, Tacloban City
6. Layog Mahaplag
Alangalang
7. Lingayon
8. Pagsanghan Ormoc City
9. Palaypay Leyte
10. Payonjan Baybay
San Miguel
11. Sangputan
fishpond. Forest land is further classified into timber land, watershed, national park,
civil reservation and fishpond development as reflected in Table 11 and in Figure 11.
3.2.2 Land Suitability
Land suitability considers the classification of land into categories based on the
soil composition of the land that would satisfy environmental requirements of specific
crop of each municipality and city. From Table 13, it can be gleaned that there is a
need for the Province to shift from agricultural land uses to ensure maximum produc-
tivity (Figure 12) because its lands are not optimally used.
3.2.3 Protection Areas
1) National Integrated Protected Areas System (NIPAS) Categories (pursuant

to Republic Act 7586), Otherwise Known as the NIPAS Law
Of the 10 proclaimed protected areas under the NIPAS category, three (3)
of which are located in the Province, namely: (1) Mahagnao Volcano Natural
Park (635 hectares) in Burauen and La Paz, (2) Lake Danao Natural Park
(2,193 hectares) in Ormoc City, (3) Cuatro Islas Protected Landscape/Seascape
29
Figure 10
30
Table 11. EXISTING LAND USE CLASSIFICATION CY 2015
Province of Leyte
LAND %
LAND CLASSIFICATION AREA TO
(in hectares) TOTAL
1. Alienable and Disposable (A & D) 388,595 68.00
 Agricultural land 345,067 88.80
 Irrigated Riceland 35,750 10.36
 Lowland Rainfed and Upland Rice 24,092 6.98
 Cultivated Annual Crops 60,620 17.57
 Perennial Crops 165,152 47.86
 Pasture Land 1,942 0.56
 Shrub and Grassland 54,791 15.88
 Fishpond 2,720 0.79
 Built-up Areas 33,807 8.70
 Special Land Use 9,721 2.50

2. Forestland 182,685 32.0
 Timberland 158,967 87.01
 Watershed 15,588 8.54
 National Parks 3,571 1.95
 Civil Reservation 3,506 1.92
 Fishpond Development 1,053 0.58
TOTAL LAND AREA 571,280 100.0
Source: Department of Environment and Natural Resources

Region VIII, Tacloban City
31
Figure 11
32
(35,000 hectares) in Inopacan and Hindang as can be seen in Table 14.
There are, however. other protected areas that are being proposed for
proclamation under the NIPAS Act, namely: (1) Palompon Protected Landscape
(5,147 hectares) in Palompon, Matag-ob and Villaba; (2) MacArthur Landing Me-
morial National Park (14 hectares) in Palo, (3) Lake Bito Protected Landscape
(527 hectares) in MacArthur, (4) Bito Watershed Protected Landscape (12,148
hectares) in Abuyog, Javier and MacArthur, (5) Ormoc-Merida Wildlife Sanctuary
(984 hectares) in Ormoc City and Merida, (6) Tunga Watershed Forest Reserve
(1,127 hectares) in Tunga, Jaro and Kananga, (7) Baybay Watershed Forest Re-
serve (1,127 hectares) in Baybay City, (8) Babatngon-San Miguel Forest Reserve
(10,580 hectares) in Babatngon and San Miguel, (9) Kuapnit-Balinsasayao Na-
tional Park (364 hectares) in Mahaplag and Baybay, (10) Mt. Amandewing
Ranges Protected Landscape (5,250 hectares) in Jaro, (11) Mt. Pangasugan
Ranges Protected Landscape (3,855 hectares) in Baybay, and (12) Salug Water-
shed Protected Landscape (9,239 hectares in Inopacan, Hindang and Hilongos
(Figure 15 ).
Meanwhile, per survey conducted by the Protected Areas Wildlife and

Coastal Zone Management Service of the DENR Regional Office 8 (as of 2008),
there were 4,916 settlers or 835 households living within the Province’s protected
areas, except at the MacArthur Landing Memorial National Park (MLMNP) in
Barangay Candahug in the municipality of Palo. Majority of the settlers (71.30%)
are within the protected area of the Palompon Watershed Forest Reserve; 14.85%
are in Lake Danao in Ormoc City; 2.70% are in Mahagnao Volcano National Park
in the municipality of Burauen, and 11.15% are at the Cuatro Islas Protected Land-
scape/Seascape as shown in Table 14.
2) Non-NIPAS Categories
Under these categories are 30,707 hectares of second growth forest above
1,000-meter elevation or slopes above 50%; the mangrove forest reserves of
26,205 hectares located at the Sakay Point to Calunayan Point and at Puertobello
to Lao, both in the municipality of Merida, and at Barangays Uban and Bagahupi in
the municipality of Babatngon; and the buffer strips along rivers and escarpments
of 2,143 hectares to include freshwater swamps and marshes consisting 9,076
hectares.
3) Watershed Areas
As of CY 2007, the Province had 25 watersheds as shown in Table 15: one

of which is proclaimed, four (4) are characterized and the rest are still in the proc-
ess of categorization prior to their appropriate proclamation.
33
TABLE 13. LAND SUITABILITY: BY MUNICIPALITY AND CITY
(In hectares)
Province of Leyte
LOWLAND CULTI- WET- FOR- PAS- SHRUBS BUILT-UP AR-
MUNICIPAL- TOTAL IRRI- RAINFED VATED PERE- LAND MAN- EST TURE AND GRASS- FISHPONDS EAS OTHERS
ITY AREA GATED AND UP- ANNUAL NIAL AREA GROVE LAND AREA LAND
LAND LAND RICE CROPS TREE AREA
1. Abuyog 29,470 2,596 2,702 1,441 10,118 48 96 11,209 297 301 132 530 -
2. Alan- 15,050 3,050 1,147 1,029 5,138 1,391 - 2,055 - 281 - 452 -
galang
3. Albuera 18,120 720 83 813 3,055 - 6 7,903 - 105 3 1,147 4,285
4. Ba- 13,780 711 418 2,955 2,861 - 206 3,230 - 1,905 794 258 442
batngon
5. Barugo 7,850 929 46 431 4,086 185 530 - - - 53 1,590 -
6. Bato 8,710 713 620 2,165 3,568 5 13 93 572 622 1 338 -
7. Baybay 41,050 1,373 393 752 14,797 - 52 14,106 - - 44 3,868 5,665
8. Burauen 17,800 1,840 600 862 7,325 - - 6,597 - - - 576 -
9. Calubian 13,760 85 280 588 11,638 - 82 48 213 - - 826 -
10. Capoo- 18,540 812 555 1,803 4,555 - 162 6,579 - 2,842 36 1,196 -
can
11. Carigara 9,490 1,183 113 158 3,251 181 45 2,409 348 589 59 1,154 -
12. Dagami 16,000 2,146 597 658 8,081 8 4 3,994 273 85 4 150 -
13. Dulag 3,900 136 483 409 1,858 5 8 590 - - 5 205 201
14. Hilongos 13,690 1,852 843 7,129 - - 74 2,329 - 1,160 - 303 -
15. Hindang 12,740 254 213 3,308 1,088 - 155 1,415 518 - 52 5,737 -
16. Inopacan 18,240 1,053 800 1,150 4,291 240 70 5,000 12 2,611 13 3,000 -
17. Isabel 9,750 377 327 886 1,871 49 758 299 336 344 65 3,748 690
18. Jaro 14,870 751 298 1,516 4,665 11 - 6,133 646 691 2 157 -
19. Javier 14,180 2,347 186 358 5,640 10 20 1,393 675 803 1,000 207 2,540
20. Julita 5,330 268 1,557 1,275 2,000 - - - - - - 230 -
21. Kananga 14,420 1,196 416 8,974 2,369 - - 559 - - - 906 -
34
22. La Paz 17,150 867 22 1,723 8,408 120 - 5,255 312 99 191 153 -
23. Leyte 23,830 1,641 423 3,839 4,950 - 1,772 4,754 1,608 485 1,128 3,230 -
TABLE 13 (Continuation)
LOWLAND CULTIVATED WET- FOREST PAS- SHRUBS BUILT-UP

MUNICIPALITY TOTAL IRRIGATED RAINFED ANNUAL PERENIAL LAND MANGROVE LAND TURE AND FISH- AREAS OTHERS
AREA LAND AND UPLAND CROPS TREE AREA AREA AREA GRASS- PONDS
RICE LAND
24. MacArthur 4,860 1,166 722 274 1,557 - - 90 180 - - 731 140
25. Mahaplag 17,200 181 221 1,739 10,235 14 - 963 116 862 10 2,859 -
26. Matag-ob 7,540 1,166 86 895 2,965 50 - 2,132 49 - 7 190 -
27. Matalom 11,090 598 247 1,244 7,454 - 12 1,449 25 2 24 35 -
28. Mayorga 6,160 2,229 689 280 1,895 - 180 - 300 - 10 577 -
29. Merida 12,270 240 215 200 5,000 40 150 750 264 4,871 40 500 -
30. Ormoc City 46,430 3,714 2,244 14,085 3,370 650 360 3,949 1,424 3,648 257 2,411 10,318
31. Palo 6,760 1,067 1,489 569 2,171 170 - 370 8 - - 916 -
32. Palompon 10,400 339 679 1,772 1,268 1,167 1,075 1,378 748 456 31 1,487 -
33. Pastrana 7,930 2,210 80 1,652 3,240 - - 200 315 - 3 230 -
34. San Isidro 10,920 80 400 990 2,000 100 119 1,875 743 4,000 - 613 -
35. San Miguel 12,010 1,465 895 3,715 2,903 532 97 933 95 256 7 1,112 -
36. Sta. Fe 8,190 2,122 827 1,305 1,175 280 - 400 738 626 - 717 -
37. Tabango 12,920 495 1,146 3,459 3,883 13 165 15 881 840 136 1,887 -
38. Tabontabon 2,390 623 736 340 485 60 - - 10 - - 136 -
39. Tacloban 10,090 - 199 397 775 38 66 4,677 - - 50 3,888 -

City
40. Tanauan 6,810 300 705 3,332 2,023 30 25 - - - 10 385 -
41. Tolosa 3,170 549 350 16 190 590 290 - 380 695 5 105 -
42. Tunga 3,820 346 103 655 1,904 164 - - 48 - 7 593 -
43. Villaba 12,600 427 340 665 4,492 283 38 356 210 5,000 12 777 -
TOTAL
35
Source: Municipal/City Planning and Development Office
PLUC-TWG
Figure 12
36
Figure 13
CY 2015
37
Table 14. INVENTORY OF OCCUPANTS IN THE PROTECTED AREAS
Province of Leyte
OCCUPANTS
AREA POPULATION
PROTECTED AREAS LOCATION HOUSEHOLD
(in has.)
NUMBER NUMBER
% %
1. MacArthur Landing Candahug, Palo,

Memorial National Park Leyte 14 - - - -
2. Mahagnao Volcano
Burauen, Leyte 635 26 3.10 133 2.70
National Park
3. Cuatro Islas Protected Hindang and

Landscape/Seascape Inopacan, Leyte 12,500 11 1.31 548 11.15
4. Lake Danao Natural Park Ormoc City 2,193 146 17.43 730 14.85
5. Palompon Watershed
2,372 655 78.16 3,505 71.30
Forest Reserve Palompon, Leyte
TOTAL 17,714 838 100.00 4,916 100.00
Source: Protected Areas, Wildlife and

Coastal Zone Management Service
Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Region VIII, Tacloban City
4) Network of Protected Agricultural Areas (NPAAs) Highly-Restricted

Agricultural Lands
The NPAAs highly-restricted lands are prime agricultural lands that should be
protected from conversion to other land uses. These include: irrigated lands
where water is available for rice and other crops production; other irrigated lands
where water is available but are programmed for rehabilitation; all agricultural lands
with funding commitment for irrigation facility; and agricultural lands with high po-
tential for irrigation. A total of 46,724 hectares of irrigated lands are being utilized
for rice production.
All lands under the coverage of the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program
(CARP) or Republic Act 6657 should be prohibited from conversion to uses other
than agricultural. In the Province, CARP covers 75,756 hectares. Most of the large
CARP areas are in the municipalities of Burauen, La Paz, Leyte, San Isidro,
Kananga, Abuyog, Javier, Hilongos, Matalom, and Ormoc City.
38
Figure 14
39
Table 15. WATERSHEDS IN THE PROVINCE OF LEYTE
AREA (in
NAME OF WATERSHED COVERAGE AREA
hectares)
Ormoc City, Jaro, Dagami, Tanauan, Pastrana
1. Binahaan-Quilot** 35,978.21
and Palo
Dagami, Julita, Burauen, Albuera, La Paz and
2. Daguitan** 26,923.38
Ormoc City
3. Bito Abuyog, Javier and Baybay 12,623.00
4. Palompon* Palompon and Villaba 2,392.00
Burauen, Dagami, Tabontabon, Tanauan, Tolosa
5. Guinarona** 9,578.02
and San Miguel
6. Busay Babatngon 284.00
7. Hinabangan and Dagami
5885.12
Hitungnog
8. Patag-Gabas Baybay 574.00
9. Plaridel Baybay and Inopacan 1,284.60
10. Hilapnitan Brgy. Hilapnitan, Baybay 775.31
11. Mainit San Miguel 8,938.63
12. Caridad Baybay 1,415.46
13. Jaro Jaro and Ormoc City 1,762.00
14. Higasaan Abuyog, Mahaplag, Sogod and Silago 20,782.00
15. Anilao Malbasag Ormoc City 4,501.00
16. Carigara Carigara 3,061.83
17. Bao** Kananga, Ormoc City (Brgy. Valencia) 7,605.96
18. Villaba Watershed Villaba and Leyte 1,000.00
19. Magon River Watershed La Paz, MacArthur (Brgy. Inayupan) 4,473.00
20. Pongso River Watershed Carigara, Barugo, Tunga and Ormoc City 4,020.00
Palo, Jaro, Sta. Fe, Alangalang and
21. Palo River Watershed Tacloban City 2,350.00
22. Salug River Watershed Hindang, Hilongos and Inopacan 7,200.00
23. Pinarigusan Watershed Brgy. Pinarigusan, San Miguel 168.00

24. Kigan Watershed Brgy. Gaas, Baybay 1,168.68
25. Gubiga Watershed La paz, Julita, Burauen and Mayorga 7,468.91
TOTAL 172,213.11
Legend:
*Proclaimed
**Characterized
Source: Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Region VIII
40
5) Strategic Agriculture and Fisheries Development Zone (SAFDZ) and Non-
SAFDZ Areas
Under the SAFDZ, some 274,481 hectares in the Province are for Strategic
Crop Sub-development Zone, 14,854 hectares are for Strategic Livestock Sub-
development Zone, and 9,228 hectares are for Strategic Fishery Sub-development
Zone. For non-SAFDZ areas, the remaining Network of Protected Areas for Agricul-
ture and Agro- Industrial Development (NPAAAD) total to 154,288 hectares. The
agro-forestry zone is comprised of 6,828 hectares, the watershed/forestry zone -
113,638 hectares while the built-up area - 6,068 hectares.
NPAAAD are areas that are classified as prime agricultural land. It covers irri-
gated areas that include all irrigable lands covered by irrigation projects with firm
funding commitments; all alluvial plain lands highly suitable for agriculture whether
irrigated or not; agro-industrial crop lands or lands presently planted to industrial
crops that support the viability of existing agricultural infrastructure and agro-based
enterprises; highland areas located at an elevation of 500 meters or above and
have the potential for growing semi temperate and high-value crops; all agricultural
lands that are ecologically fragile, the conversion of which will result in serious envi-
ronmental degradation; mangrove areas; and fish sanctuaries. Areas declared as
NPAAAD will be a constraint, and should not be considered or planned for urban
use.
Table 16. STRATEGIC AGRICULTURE AND FISHERIES DEVELOPMENT ZONE (SAFDZ) AREAS
STRATEGIC SUB-DEVELOPMENT ZONE AREA (in hectares) PERCENTAGE (%)
Crop 274,481 45.75

Livestock 14,854 2.48
Fishery 9,228 1.54
Table 17. NON-SAFDZ AREAS
DESCRIPTION AREA (in hectares) PERCENTAGE (%)
Remaining NPAAAD 154,288 25.74
Agro forestry Zone 6,828 1.14
Watershed/Forestry Zone 113,638 18.96
Built-up Areas 26,068 4.35
41
4. ECONOMY
Major agricultural crops have been contributing to the growth of the local economy in the
Province of Leyte. One major economic activity is rice production. In order to sustain the
desired crop productivity, attention is needed to bring down the relatively high cost of
production inputs.
4.1 Rice
The Province of Leyte with its total production area of 64,127 hectares produced 256,
904 metric tons of rice and yielded an average of 3.98 for the period of January to
December 2016 (Table 18).
Among the five (5) districts of the Province, the second district was the top producer
of rice with a production of 82, 733 metric tons from the period of January to December
2016. Next in rank was the first district with 62,102; followed by the fifth district with a
production of 51,117; the fourth district with 44,048 metric tons and finally, the third
district with 16, 904 metric tons of rice production for the same time period.
The top producer municipalities for each respective district included, Alangalang with
a production of 15, 640 metric tons for the first district; Carigara with a production of 11,
950 for the second district; Leyte with a production of 6,215 metric tons; Ormoc with a
production of 20,736 tons for the fourth district and Abuyog with a production of 17,295
metric tons for the fifth district.
With regard to the average yield, the first district ranked first with an average yield
of 4.17 metric tons, followed by the fourth district 4.12 metric tons, the second district
with 4.03 metric tons of average yield. Fourth in rank was the third district with an aver-
age yield of 3.79 metric tons and finally, the fifth district with an average yield of 3.78 met-
ric tons.
In the first district, the municipality of Palo had the highest average yield 5.02 metric
tons, while the municipality of Tabontabon ranked first in the second district with 4.44
metric tons of average yield. The municipality of Villaba had the highest average yield in
the third district with 4.41 metric tons while Palompon ranked first in the fourth district with
4.40 metric tons of average yield. In the fifth district, the municipality of Hindang had the
highest average yield with 4.28 metric tons.
4.2 Banana
Banana is the leading fruit grown in the Philippines, and a major commodity for
export. Demand for both fresh and processed product is increasing in both local and
international markets. According to a report from the Bureau of Agricultural Research in
2009, Cardaba is the world’s fourth most important staple next to rice, corn, and wheat.
However, Philippine’s Cardaba has recently captivated the international market because
of its nutritional value and many uses. Cardaba is a banana variety, used for processing
into banana chips.
42
Table 18. Rice Production
For the period January to December 2016
AREA (in hectares) AVERAGE

MUNICIPALITY/ PRODUCTION
IRRI- YIELD (in met-
CITY (in metric tons)
GATED RAINFED UPLAND TOTAL ric tons)
LEYTE 36,024 13,631 1,538 64,126 207,476 3.24
1st District 9,576 5,323 14,899 62,102 4.17
1. Alangalang 3,076 901 3,977 15,640 3.93

2. Babatngon 673 428 1,101 4,885 4.44
3. Palo 1,343 327 1,670 8,390 5.02
4. San Miguel 982 1,094 2,076 8,556 4.12
5. Sta. Fe 1,816 594 2,410 9,935 4.12
6. Tacloban 83 431 514 1,817 3.54
7. Tanauan 1,199 1,306 2,505 10,363 4.14
8. Tolosa 404 242 646 2,516 3.89

2nd District 15,575 4,759 219 20,553 82,733 4.03
9. Barugo 872 150 1,022 4,184 4.09
10. Burauen 1,711 758 2,469 9,582 3.88
11. Capoocan 294 374 30 698 2,739 3.92
12. Carigara 2,893 146 63 3,101 11,950 3.85
13. Dagami 1,634 861 2,495 10,375 4.16
14. Dulag 1,164 776 1,940 7,676 3.96

15. Jaro 730 370 126 1,226 4,565 3.72
16. Julita 1,075 58 1,133 4,992 4.41
17. La Paz 672 23 695 2,681 3.86
18. MacArthur 1,063 172 1,235 4,897 3.97
19. Mayorga 813 534 1,347 5,597 4.16
20. Pastrana 1,527 120 1,647 6,725 4.08
21. Tabontabon 1,035 383 1,418 6,297 4.44
22. Tunga 93 34 127 473 3.72

Source: Office of the Provincial Agriculture
43
AREA (in hectares) AVERAGE

MUNICIPALITY/ PRODUCTION YIELD
CITY IRRI- (in metric tons) (in metric
GATED RAINFED UPLAND TOTAL tons)
3rd District 1,228 3,141 94 4,463 16,904 3.79
23. Calubian 18 150 10 178 652 3.66
24, Leyte 776 829 1,605 6,215 3.87
25. San Isidro 39 1,043 1,082 3,546 3.28
26. Tabango 76 691 34 801 2,974 3.72
27. Villaba 319 428 50 797 3,517 4.41

4th District 9,315 161 1,225 10,701 44,048 4.12
28. Albuera 695 100 795 2,985 3.75
29. Isabel 178 143 322 1,217 3.78
30. Kananga 2,153 282 2,435 10,386 4.27
31. Matag-ob 1,271 15 1,286 4,982 3.87
32. Merida 375 52 164 591 2,166 3.66
33. Ormoc 4,284 109 521 4,914 20,736 4.22
34. Palompon 358 358 1,576 4.40

5th District 9,151 4,252 108 13,511 51,117 3.78
35. Abuyog 2,830 1,813 4,643 17,295 3.72

36. Bato 626 330 955 3,500 3.66
37. Baybay 1,549 448 1,997 8,297 4.16
38. Hilongos 1,538 759 30 2,327 8,776 3.77
39. Hindang 397 100 19 516 2,211 4.28
40. Inopacan 256 119 59 434 1,446 3.33
41. Javier 1,381 181 1,562 5,972 3.82
42. Mahaplag 245 255 500 1,931 3.86
43. Matalom 330 247 577 1,689 2.93
44
Figure 15
CY 2016
45
In 2012, Leyte produced an estimated volume of 51,450 metric tons of banana. It is
also one of the top crops planted by farmers in the province with 1 out of 5 farmers having
farm areas planted with banana (NFRS, 2012).
Among the cooking varieties of banana, the Musa balbisiana, locally known as card-
aba/saba is the most promising variety. It is resistant to prolonged drought and other ex-
treme weather conditions. It has various uses such as in the preparation of snack food like
banana cue, turon and, pinaypay. Most importantly, it is utilized in processing of banana
chips for domestic and export markets (Dela Cruz, et. el., 2008).
Demand for cardaba/saba in Leyte has significantly increased in recent years. In 2012,
the volume of banana needed by traders in key production areas in Leyte was 5.1 MT
while the actual volume traded was only 2.6 MT. The Supply deficit was at 47.6 % (or 2.45
MT) of fresh bananas in the province (DA-RFU-8, 2013). Moreover, SC Global Coco Prod-
ucts, Inc. (SGCPI), a company that processes fresh banana to banana chips located in
Brgy. Caridad, Baybay, Leyte has a total requirement of 70 MT of bananas daily or 490 MT
weekly. To meet this demand, an additional area of 1,066 hectares will be planted with ba-
nana. At present, farmers can only supply an average of as much as 10 mt per week of
bananas to SC Global Coco Products, Inc.. This means, there is still a huge demand of
around 480 MT of bananas per week that need to be satisfied.
The VCA Map as shown in Figure 16, describe the flow of commodities starting from
input segment, production, processing, trading, distribution up to final sales by various
players with specific functions for each segment.
Table 19 presents the banana production data as to the number of farmers, area
planted, area harvested, production and average yield per hectare for the different munici-
palities of the province. The Municipality of Calubian has the largest recorded production
output of 1,038 metric tons per hectare. Bananas are grown either as intercrop to coconut,
cacao or other annual and cash crops or as a monocrop. Cardaba banana production in
the province is extensive. The crop is grown along the roadside, on mountainside, on
home lots and in small farms. Most farmers do not practice desuckering.
Banana is one of the most common fruit crops that are extensively grown in the prov-
ince of Leyte. It is mostly grown as a backyard crop planted under coconut trees or
along with other crops such as rootcrops and vegetables. It is classified into two
groups – table and cooking banana. Bungulan, lakatan and latundan are known as popular
table bananas while saba and cardaba are classified as cooking bananas locally con-
sumed in the province.
Table 20, presents the annual cardaba/saba banana production of the top banana pro-
ducing regions of the country from 2010 to 2014 reflecting an average production of
2,604,006.20 metric tons planted to an average area of 185,088.87 hectares for the same
period. The table further presents the comparative banana production data from 2010 to
2014 of the top 10 banana producing regions of the country. Davao region is the top and
consistent Cardaba/saba banana producer of the country with an average production of
46
Figure 16
47
Table 19. Number of Banana Farmers in the Province of Leyte, CY 2012
Average Yield
Area Har- Volume Average Yield
Number of Area Planted Per Area
Municipality vested Production Per Farmer (MT/
Farmers (hectares) Planted (MT/
(hectares) (metric tons) farmer)
ha.)
1 San Isidro 438 870 726.25 622.69 0.72 1.42
2 Calubian 321 901 899.5 1038 1.15 3.23
3 Carigara 289 288.75 91.25 158 0.55 0.55
4 Barugo 263 201.75 933.75 167.4 0.83 0.64
5 Tabango 176 538.65 449 220 0.41 1.25
6 MacArthur 170 128.92 18.23 28.6 0.22 0.17
7 Jaro 169 178.7 63.5 96.94 0.54 0.57
8 Ormoc 169 166.25 57.5 59.3 0.36 0.35
9 Merida 139 1,297.75 248 496 0.38 3.57
10 Leyte 124 268.5 48 43 0.16 0.35
11 Isabel 115 265.75 2.25 2.25 0.01 0.02
12 Dulag 109 223.95 66.4 135 0.60 1.24
13 Tanauan 99 159 32.77 38.01 0.24 0.38
14 Villaba 91 167 41 24.6 0.15 0.27
15 Mahaplag 90 220.75 167.25 128 0.58 1.42
16 Burauen 81 257.4 164.25 136.75 0.53 1.69
17 Albuera 78 226.73 205.1 162.2 0.72 2.08
18 Matag-ob 76 97 22.9 16.8 0.17 0.22
19 Abuyog 75 587.25 95.25 205.8 0.35 2.74
20 Hilongos 63 52.8 13.15 23.8 0.45 0.38
21 Kananga 58 144.75 69.5 53.25 0.37 0.92
22 Inopacan 58 103.75 14.75 17.75 0.17 0.31
23 Bato 46 175 111.5 79.5 0.45 1.73
24 Julita 46 73.7 6.4 8.32 0.11 0.18
25 Baybay 41 240.5 137.2 213.48 0.89 5.21
26 San Miguel 34 100 42 63.75 0.64 1.88
27 Capoocan 30 154.7 100 153 0.99 5.10
28 Dagami 30 32 0.5 0.8 0.03 0.03
29 Tacloban City 23 22.35 14.6 15 0.67 0.65
30 Javier 21 146.5 139.5 206 1.41 9.81
31 Matalom 18 82.15 47.25 32.5 0.40 1.81
32 Tunga 17 20.5 5 2.5 0.12 0.15
33 Mayorga 15 49 35 28.5 0.58 1.90
34 Tolosa 2 46.3
35 La Paz 25.5
36 Hindang 130 68 35 4.9

Total 3,574 8,514.6 5,068.5 4,677.5
Source: National Farmers Registry System, 2012
48
Table 20. Comparative Banana Production, CYs 2010-2014 (By Top Banana
Producing Regions), in metric tons
Cardaba/ %
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Average
Saba Share
PHILIPPINES 2,632,692 2,616,842 2,645,893 2,557,109 2,567,495 2,604,006.20 100.00
Cagayan Valley 267,578.32 191,180.99 215,049.47 255,500.01 274,217.81 240,705.32 9.24
MIMAROPA 130,685.89 141,301.93 125,672.67 98,915.44 96,980.28 118,711.24 4.56
Western Visayas 203,496.62 212,543.22 218,719.05 203,869.72 159,632.38 199,652.20 7.67
Central Visayas 122,977.20 133,066.79 135,699.58 123,176.13 123,472.28 127,678.40 4.90
Eastern Visayas 182,216.98 181,739.03 183,556.55 169,426.82 145,577.32 172,503.34 6.62
Zamboanga
143,631.06 131,130.80 131,883.57 138,878.30 147,029.31 138,510.61 5.32
Peninsula
Northern
269,395.26 291,200.03 294,605.18 295,655.65 302,444.86 290,660.20 11.16
Mindanao
Davao Region 579,464.55 582,529.14 571,431.00 487,433.13 522,808.41 548,733.25 21.07
SOCCSKSARGEN 321,522.95 334,400.71 348,476.78 356,727.43 369,172.17 346,060.01 13.29
ARMM 131,333.07 134,062.76 136,543.97 145,612.72 159,168.40 141,344.18 5.43
Source: Bureau of Agricultural Statistics
Table 21. Comparative Cardaba Production in Eastern Visayas, CYs 2010-2014

in metric tons
%
% Share to
Provinces 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Average Share to
PHL
EV
PHILIP-
2,632,692 2,616,842 2,645,893 2,557,109 2,567,495 2,604,006.20 100
PINES
E.VISAYAS 182,216.98 181,739.03 183,556.55 169,426.82 145,577.32 172,503.34 100 6.62
Biliran 10,713.65 10,716.30 10,719.55 9,262.40 7,301.00 9,742.58 5.65 0.37
E. Samar 2,461.61 2,382.94 2,502.02 2,393.27 1,880.39 2,324.05 1.35 0.09
Leyte 28,890.22 28,443.62 28,269.65 25,090.15 12,916.00 24,721.93 14.33 0.95
N. Samar 7,136.50 7,364.17 7,696.33 8,446.79 8,789.66 7,886.69 4.57 0.30
Samar 95,125.00 95,010.00 95,094.00 85,070.00 77,644.00 89,588.60 51.93 3.44
So. Leyte 37,890.00 37,822.00 39,275.00 39,164.21 37,046.27 38,239.40 22.17 1.47
49
548,733.25 metric tons for the five year period planted to an average area of 21,700.80
hectares. This production represents 21.07 % share to the national production. Eastern
Visayas on other hand, whose production was greatly affected by the onslaught of
Typhoon Yolanda during the latter part of 2013 experienced a 16.38% decline in
production.
Leyte ranks as the top producer of Cardaba/saba bananas in Eastern Visayas with an
all-time high average yield of 10.33 metric tons per hectare in 2014 (Table 21).
4.3 Coconut
Another major crop is coconut. Leyte is the highest coconut-producing province in Re-
gion VIII in terms of area (208,337 hectares), number of coconut trees (22 million), and
number of nut production (672 million) according to CY 2007 records. The coconut industry
is export-dependent, but despite the crop’s increased competitiveness and market share,
the industry is vulnerable to international market price fluctuation. As a strong performing
industry, coconut is considered a current strength but would need strategies and interven-
tions to be globally competitive vis-a-vis other palm oil products.
The Province is a potential producer of high value crops, fruits and vegetables. The
Provincial Government of Leyte, in cooperation with national government agencies con-
cerned and local government units has been advocating to farmers transfer of new agri-
cultural technologies and farm practices for them to veer away from planting low-yielding
varieties of traditional crops, both production- and income-wise.
4.4 Leyte EconoMICs Program
For over three (3) years now and right after the Yolanda devastation, the Province of
Leyte has been implementing the Leyte EconoMICs Program initially piloted in some 98
barangays of the various municipalities in the Province. It is a poverty reduction program
through the development of a resilient, inclusive and competitive community economies.
The program is a community-based framework aimed to alleviate the poverty situation in
line with attaining a no poverty and a zero hunger, among other sustainable development
goal (SDGs) indicators. The Leyte EconoMICs is a holistic development approach with hu-
man development as the center.
Presently, there are 117 poor barangays (Table 22) where the program is imple-
mented. The farmer- beneficiaries organize themselves into associations and undergo a
16-week season-long training on high-value vegetable production as an initial step towards
achieving total human development. This exposure enables them to acquire knowledge
and skills and empower them to become active members on the community. In the end, a
developed community would emerge
To sustain the economic activities in all the barangays covered by the project access
road development is required.
50
Table 22. Leyte EconoMICs Priority Barangays, CY 2016
NUMBER
NAME OF CROP
MUNICIPALITY BARANGAY OF
ASSOCIATION SPECIALIZATION
MEMBERS
ALANGALANG (9) Astorga Astorga Community Bell Pepper 18
Farmers Association
Borseth Borseth Agri- Baguio Beans 22
Entrepreneurs
Farmers Association
Binongtoan Binongtoan Farmers Sweet Pepper 65
Association
Bugho Bugho Farmers Sweet Pepper 75
Association
Cavite Cavite Farmers Bell Pepper 31
Association
Hupit Hupit Farmers Bell Pepper 60
Association
Lukay Lukay Farmers Hot Pepper 25
Association
Tombo Tombo Farmers Formosa 48
Association
San Isidro San Isidro Farmers Sweet Corn 42
Association
BABATNGON (3) Victory Babatngon United Ampalaya 35
Farmers Fisherfolks and
Labor Organization
Villa Villa Magsaysay Sweet Pepper 41
Magsaysay Farmers
Association
Brgy. District 4 Villa Magsaysay Formosa 36
Farmers Association
PALO (2) Gacao Gacao Women’s Sweet Pepper 25
Vegetables Farmers
Association
San Jose San Jose Integrated Agri Lettuce 25
Ventures Farmers
Association
STA. FE (2) San Isidro Sta. Fe Integrated Red Lady 35
Natural Technology Papaya
Farmers Association
Gapas Gapas Farmers Sweet Pepper 35
Association
SAN MIGUEL (4) Libtong Samahang Inilunsad sa Bell Pepper 33
Ikauunlad ng Agrikul-
turang Pangkabuhayan
Malaihao Sitio Malaihaw Watermelon 20
Integrated Farmers
Association
Sta. Cruz Seaside Integrated Bell Pepper 70
Farmers Association
Cabatianuhan Cabatianuhan Farmers Sweet Pepper 30
Association
51
NUMBER
NAME OF CROP
MEMBERS
TANAUAN (4) Ada Ada Farmers Honey Dew and
34
Association Musk Melon
Calogcog Calogcog Intergrated
Farmers Association Red Lady Papaya 28
Pago Pago Farmers

Association Bell Pepper 29
Cabuynan Cabuynan Farmers Musk Melon/
43
Association Honeydew
TOLOSA (2) Malbog San Antonio de Padua
Farmers Association Cucumber 92
San Roque Sitio Youngfield
Vegetable Growers Watermelon 30
Association
TACLOBAN (1) Bagacay La Granja Farmers Assorted High
Association 69
Value Vegetables
BURAUEN (12) Catagbacan Catagbacan Farmers
Sweet Corn 45
Association
Esperanza Esperanza Farmers
Association Pepper Varieties 30
Matin-ao Matin-ao Farmers
Cutflowers 27
Association
Calao Calao Farmers
Tomato 45
Association
Roxas Multi-Integrated Com-
pact Upland Brgy. Red Cabbage and
58
Roxas Farmers Asso- Beets
ciation
Patag Patag Integrated
Carrots 35
Farmers Association
Tagadtaran Tagadtaran Integrated
Tomato 45
Farmers Association
Villa Aurora Villa Aurora Farmers Honeydew and
Association other Melon 67
Varieties
Villa Corazon Villa Corazon Farmers Broccoli and Cau-
65
Association liflower
Mahagnao Mahagnao Farmers Red Cabbage and
37
Association Cauliflower
Cansiboy Cansiboy Farmers
Cherry Tomato 38
Association
Pawa Pawa Farmers
Honeydew Melon 37
Association
CARIGARA (20) San Isidro San Isidro Farmers Cutflowers and
Association Red Lady 26
Papaya
Binibihan Binibihan-Peloro Lettuce,
Integrated Farmers Cauliflower and 33
Association Broccolli
Paglaum Paglaum Farmers
Tomato 28
Association
52
NUMBER
NAME OF CROP
MEMBERS
CARIGARA (20) Cutay Cutay “Gudti nga Parag Melons 27
Uma” Farmers
Association
Baruguhay Sur Baruguhay Sur Farmers Eggplant 22
Association
Upper Sogod Upper Sogod Farmers Broccolli and 23
Association Cauliflower
Lower Sogod Cugihan nga Parag-uma Eggplant 33
ha Lower Sogod
Parag-um Parag-um Farmers Tomato 29
Association
Camansi Camansi Farmers Cauliflower 50
Association
Tagbibi Tagbibi Farmers Watermelon 50
Association
Cogon Cogon Farmers Eggplant 32
Association
Barugohay Baruguhay Central Eggplant 30
Central Farmers
Association
Tinaguban Tinaguban Farmers Ampalaya 24
Association
Candigahub Candigahub Farmers Tomato 25
Association
Canfabi Canfabi Farmers Sweet Pepper 30
Association
Peloro Peloro Farmers Sweet Pepper 33
Association
Tigbao Tigbao Farmers Eggplant 56
Association
Canal Canal Farmers Eggplant 22
Association
Bagong Bagong Lipunan Farmers Lettuce 25
Lipunan Association
Macalpi Macalpi Farmers Brocolli 28
Association
CAPOOCAN (1) Cabul-an Cabul-an Farmers Watermelon 48
Association
DAGAMI (3) Camonoan Camonoan Farmers Pinakbet Type 51
Association
Calipayan Calipayan Farmers Honeydew and 72
Association Pinakbet
Katipunan Katipunan Farmers Pinakbet Type 41
Association
DULAG (1) Tigbao Tigbao Farmers and Pinakbet 25
Livestock
Association
JARO (6) Alahag Alahag Farmers Sweet Pepper 25
Association
53
NUMBER
NAME OF CROP
MEMBERS
JARO (6) Alahag Alahag Farmers Sweet Pepper 25
Association
Caglawaan Caglawaan Multi - Cucumber and 36
Purpose Farmers Lettuce
Association
Macanip Macanip Farmers Eggplant 46
Association
Malobago Malobago Integrated Sweet/Bell 29
Farmers Association Pepper
Canhandugan United Farmers Associa- Lettuce and Bell 62
tion of Canhandugan Pepper
Villaconzoilo Villaconzoilo Community High Value 36
Farmers Association Vegetables and
Livestock
JULITA (3) Bungdo God’s Love Farmers Pinakbet Type 16
Association
Villahermosa Villahermosa Organic High Value 28
Farmers Association Vegetables and
Livestock
District I Tindog Mag-uruma Eggplant 18
Integrated Farmers
Association
MAC ARTHUR (4) Kiling Kiling Farmers Ampalaya 31
Association
Lanawan Lanawan Farmers Cabbage 49
Association
Sta. Isabel Sta. Isabel Organic Cucumber 50
Farmers Association
Burabod Burabod Farmers Eggplant 25
Association
MAYORGA (1) Union Mayorga United Cucumber 32
Integrated Livelihood
Farmers Association
PASTRANA (10) Arabonog Arabanog Farmers Eggplant 25
Association
Lanawan Lanawan Farmers Onion, Carrots 32
Association
Lourdes Lourdes Farmers Tomato, Sweet 32
Association Pepper
Yapad YAMAHA Sweet Pepper 44
Calsadahay Calsadahay Integrated Tomato 69
Farmers Association
District II District II Farmers Eggplant 25
Association
Manaybanay Manaybanay Farmers Ampalaya 25
Association
Aringit Brgy. Aringit Farmers Ampalaya 25
Association
54
NUMBER
NAME OF CROP
MEMBERS
PASTRANA (10) Capila Brgy. Capila Farmers Eggplant 25
Association
Jones Brgy. Jones Farmers Tomato 25
Association
TABONTABON (2) Mercaduhay Mercaduhay Farmers Red Lady Papaya 28
Association and Formosa
San Pablo SAQUEFA Sweet Pepper 27
TUNGA (2) Banawang Tunga Ventures Farmers Formosa 35
Association
San Roque Tunga Agri Ventures Formosa 33
Farmers Association
SAN ISIDRO (1) Daja Daku Daja Daku Farmers Ampalaya and 49
Association Formosa
VILLABA (4) Cabungahan Cabungahan Farmers Watermelon 36
Association
Tabunok Tabunok Farmers Squash 36
Association
Tagbubunga Tagbubunga Farmers Pinakbet 50
Association
Sta. Cruz Sta. Cruz Farmers Pinakbet 31
Association
ALBUERA (2) Tabgas Albuera Compact Farming Bell Pepper 41
for High Value Vegetables
and Fruit crops Farmers
Associations
Antipolo Brgy. Antipolo Farmers Melon 58
Association
ISABEL (1) Mahayag Mahayag Farmers Tomato 35
Association
KANANGA (2) Libertad Libertad Farmers Cucumber 22
Association
Rizal Kawarayon, Abukayan Ginger and 33
Matinao Farmers Hot Pepper
Association
MERIDA (6) Calunasan Calunasan Farmers Squash, Bell 35
Association Pepper
Cambalong Cambalong Farmers Bell Pepper, 30
Association Tomato
Lundag Lundag Farmers Associa- Cucumber, 29
tion Eggplant
Mat-e Mat-e Farmers Association Sweet Corn 28
San Jose San Jose Farmers Tomato, 25
Association Eggplant
Tubod Tubod Farmers Tomato, Sweet 23
Association Pepper
PALOMPON (1) Cambinoy Cambinoy Agri-Fisherfolks Pinakbet type 29
Association
ABUYOG (1) New Taligue Christian Family Farmers Squash 54
Association
55
NUMBER
NAME OF CROP
MEMBERS
BATO (1) Buli Buli Farmers Association Pinakbet type 46
BAYBAY CITY (1) Hipusngo Barangay Hipusngo Honey Dew 41

Integrated Farmers and Melon
Fisherfolks Association
HILONGOS (1) Libertad Libertad Patag Farmers Watermelon 41
Association varieties
HINDANG (1) Canha-ayon Canha-ayon Farmers Sweet Pepper, 61
Association Watermelon
INOPACAN (1) Cabulisan Cabulisan Farmers Hot Pepper 44
Association
MAHAPLAG (1) Mahayag St. Michael Multi-Purpose Cucumber 27
Development Cooperative
MATALOM (1) San Salvador Salvador Farmers Sweet Pepper 43
Association
4.5 Existing Major Industries
The Province of Leyte’s special economic zone at the municipality of Isabel houses the
existing Leyte Industrial Development Estate (LIDE) with an area of 435 hectares of which
the 80-hectare portion is still open to investors. LIDE is home to two (2) heavy industries,
namely: (1) the Philippine Associated Smelting and Refining Corporation (PASAR) copper
plant; and (2) the Philippine Phosphatic Fertilizer Corporation (PhilPhos) plant. PASAR pro-
duces over 172,000 metric tons of copper cathodes every year. These products are being
shipped to international importers in Japan, Taiwan, South Korea, China and the Southeast
Asia. PASAR’s by-products are ore metal, sulfuric acid and selenium powder. On the other
hand, PhilPhos produces phosphatic fertilizers which are exported to Vietnam and South-
east Asian countries. It also produces some 600 to 900 metric tons of gypsum per year as
by-product.
Part of LIDE’s infrastructure support package is its modern port which has a total
berth length of 670 meters and a handling capacity of 3.4 million tons of cargo per
year. LIDE has spurred economic activities in the municipality of Isabel.
Another major Special Ecozone in the Province of Leyte is the Leyte Information
Communication Technology (ICoT) Park consisting of 36,305 square meters and located at
Barangay Pawing in the municipality of Palo. The said park was created and designated by
virtue of Presidential Proclamation No. 855 issued on June 8, 2005. Present locators in the
said ICoT park are the Freight Process Outsourcing Solutions, Inc. (FPOSI) a leading BPO
locator, specializing back office support in freight, surveys, health care, engineering and IT
with its clients in USA, UK and Europe and the AMA Computer and Learning Center. Facili-
ties within are food chains like Andok’s, Jolibee, McDonald’s, Shakeys and other food
chains. This ICT park has generated jobs and employment to the graduates in the Province
of Leyte and Region VIII.
56
Figure 17
CY 2016
57
There are also special ecozones for light and heavy industries in the Province like the
Eastern Visayas Regional Growth Center (EVRGC) in Tacloban City, the Barugo Economic
Zone, the Baybay Techno Park and the Provincial Industrial Estate in Ormoc City. These eco-
zones have not been functional but their respective status are tracked through action plans per
DTI Leyte Province ‘s Development Plan, 2010-2013.
Moreover, a proposed Leyte Ecological Industrial Zone (LEIZ) is also identified in the Re-
gional Development Investment Program (RDIP) for CYs 2017-2022 for Region 8. This covers
the municipalities of Isabel, Merida, Palompon, Villaba, the cities of Ormoc and Tacloban.
This is expected to complement the 425-hectare LIDE once operational.
5. TOURISM
The Province of Leyte plays a big role in the promotion of the Central Philippines Develop-
ment Concept for CY 2016. The Eastern Visayas forms part o the Eastern Nautical Highway
which is part of the Pan Philippine Highway that links the islands of Luzon and Samar and Leyte
and Mindanao, and has been in operation since the 1980’s. This strategy is relevant to the Prov-
ince’s tourism development as roads are necessary access to tourist destinations.
The Province’s relatively high poverty incidence (39.2% in CY 2012) requires some improve-
ment in its economic condition. It should embark into developing its economic potentials in rela-
tion to its existing physical and natural resources. One strategy would be the development of its
eco-tourism potentials, thereby stimulating economic opportunities in communities through maxi-
mizing its natural, historical and cultural characteristics without sacrificing the sustainability of
these resource potentials. Supportive of this thrust is the embodiment in the Region 8 Tourism
Master Plan of the Province of Leyte’s role in eco-tourism development as a future tourist destina-
tion area that will promote local economic development in partnership with investors and commu-
nities and all development stakeholders. For the Province of Leyte, a basic strategy would be cre-
ating an image to market “history and culture.”
The Sto. Nino Shrine and Heritage Center is one of the major attractions in Tacloban City
and the MacArthur Landing National Memorial Park (MLNMP) in Palo and all other sites related to
the Leyte Gulf Landings by Gen. Douglas MacArthur during World War II. Across the San Juanico
Strait in Tacloban City is the Sohoton Natural Bridge National Park, well known or its huge caves,
forests and rivers.
Ormoc City in the western side of the Province has also become a hub owing to its pro-
tected harbor. There are regular trips to and from Cebu City and the Camotes island (an eco-
tourism destination). Besides, Ormoc City has developed a resort area that caters to tourists and
business visitors because of the Leyte Golf and Country Club as well as Lake Danao National Park
which is located east of Ormoc City.
6. SOCIAL SECTOR
6.1 Health
In CY 2015, the general health status of the Leyteños was better compared to the re-
gional health situation. This is because the administration’s priority was, among others, the
58
implementation and delivery of social services projects, particularly healthcare and well-
ness-related products and services. Investments on these areas included hospital services
and upgrading of hospital facilities and infrastructure support, hiring of additional medical
manpower and providing health insurance coverage to indigent families.
There are 18 hospitals in the Province, 8 are district hospitals, 1 provincial (Leyte Pro-
vincial Hospital), 3 are community hospitals, 1 institution for mental disorder and 5 pri-
vately owned infirmary clinics. A total of 716 (government and private) authorized beds or
equivalent to a bed - population ratio of 1:2,009 was observed In CY 2015. A doctor-
population ratio of 1:31,270 was lower compared to the standard ratio of 1:20,000.
Meanwhile, the national government still maintains and operates the Eastern Visayas
Medical Center (EVRMC) and the Schistosomiasis Hospital, while the LGU Tacloban op-
erates the Tacloban City Hospital. There are also five (5) privately owned hospitals and
clinics/infirmaries located in Tacloban City, Ormoc City and Isabel, Leyte.
There are 181 health centers and 271 barangay health stations (BHS) in the different
municipalities and barangays in the Province. These health facilities are manned by 46
Rural Health Physicians (RHP), 66 Public Health Nurses (PHN), 289 Rural Health Mid-
wives (RHM), 23 Rural Health Dentists (RHD), 51 Rural Sanitary Inspectors (RSI), 48
Medical Technologists with a population ratio of 1:31,270, 1:22,475, 1:4,977, 1:62,540,
1:28,204 and 1:33,452, respectively. Standard ratio to population is 1 (RHP, PHN, RSI,
and Medical Technologist) to 20,000 population and 1 RHM to 5,000 population.
Through the capitalization funds received from PhilHealth, health facilities are able to
procure sufficient emergency drugs.
The PHO was able to monitor a total of 21 cases for 12 maternal deaths and 134
neonatal deaths. Its leading causes of maternal mortality are Uterine Atony, Eclampsia,
Ruptured Ectopic Pregnancy and Post Partum Sepsis. At the provincial and Inter Local
Health Zones (ILHZ) level, both maternal and neonatal deaths were reviewed and con-
ducted.
A total of 17,920 pregnant women or 46.14% had 4 prenatal visits which is very far
from the goal of 90% in 2016. The health seeking behavior of pregnant women to seek
early prenatal care still remains a problem. However, in the later part of CY 2015, some
municipalities in Leyte introduced and implemented the Maternity Care Assistance Project
by utilizing the PhilHealth Capitalization Funds where pregnant mothers were given cash
assistance if they completed the required criteria. It is anticipated that this intervention will
be able to improve the health seeking behavior of both pregnant and post partum women
in CY 2016 and in the near future.
There are 27,809 or 71.60% women initiated breastfeeding as monitored by PHO and
26,849 or 69.13% among lactating mothers were provided with vitamins and supplementa-
tion within one (1) month after delivery.
59
Figure 18
CY 2016
60
In CY 2015, an improvement in the accomplishments in maternal, neonatal, child
health and nutrition program was seen. During the year under review, our development part-
ners such as: USAID - Visayas Health, CMSU – IMAP, and VICA – SMACHEV were among
those who continued to give technical assistance and support in the implementation of health
programs for our mothers and children in the Province. The achievements have been re-
markable but still below the targeted Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) of 52/100,000 live births
for 2016. In Leyte, the MMR for 2015 is 72.64 per 100,000 live births in all cases.
In the same year, the Province of Leyte garnered a total number of live births of 28,908,
higher by 1,671 or 6.13% as compared to 27,237 in CY 2014. Delivery attendance by Skilled
Birth Attendants (SBA) reached 93%, Facility Based Deliveries (FBD) was 92.86%, a signifi-
cant increase from 90.4% and 90.6% respectively in 2014.
After Typhoon Yolanda, health facilities both public and private are back to normal in
terms of facility structures, set up and operations. Many have been restored back better to
serve their constituents. Comparing the Pre and Post Yolanda data, a remarkable increase
was shown in the indicators. The PhilHealth is a big contributor in achieving the goals in ma-
ternal and child health by providing its “Avail All” policy, considering the DOH and other de-
velopment partners. The policy provides all pregnant women, whether they are members or
not, to avail of PhilHealth free delivery in health facilities.
The ten (10) leading causes of morbidity were communicable or infectious in nature
were forms of Upper Respiratory Tract Infection (URTI) which included ARI, Rhinitis, Colds,
Cough, Pneumonia, Influenza, Community Acquired Pneumonia, Coryza and Post Natal Drip
that still remain at the top. This was followed by other respiratory diseases, which included
Bronchial Asthma, Asthmatic Bronchitis, COPD, Asthma, Acute and Chronic Bronchitis, Ton-
sillitis, Tonsillopharyngitis, Pharyngitis, Sinusitis and Cor Pulmonale.
Hypertensive cardiovascular diseases which included HVD, HPN, CVA, CVD, HCVD,
CVD Thrombosis, CHF and Angina Pectoris ranks number 3. The remaining seven (7)
causes were a combination of lifestyle-related diseases such as all forms of gastrointestinal
diseases (which includes APD, PUD, AGE, Diarrhea, LBM, Dyspepsia, Hyperacidity, Ab-
dominal Colic, Amoebiasis, AGE with DHN, Gastritis, and other diseases of the stomach and
Duodenum), all forms of skin problems, followed by all forms of kidney diseases, all forms of
wounds, musculoskeletal diseases, Koch’s Infection, and last are diseases/disorders of the
eyes and the ears.
The top leading causes of deaths in CY 2015 showed that majority of the causes are
related to lifestyle in the non-communicable diseases area.
The top leading causes of mortality are Hypertensive cardiovascular diseases (MI, CVD,
CRHD, HCVD, CHF, CRA, Coronary Artery Disease, Heart Disease, Atherosclerotic Heart
Disease, Cardiomegaly, Arteriosclerosis, Atherosclerosis, Cardiac Arrest, Cardiomyopathy,
Hypertensive Heart Disease, HPN, HVD, Ischemic Cardiomyopathy) still ranks as number
one cause of death, acute respiratory diseases (Pneumonia, Aspiration Pneumonia, Com-
munity Acquired Pneumonia) ranks second, followed by all forms of Malignant Neoplasm
ranking at third.
61
Koch’s Infection (PTB all forms, TB of bone, Extrapulmonary TB) ranks 4th, and endo-
crine disorders/diseases (Diabetes Mellitus all types, Acute Pancreatitis, Hyperthyroidism,
Irreversible Hypoglycemia, Metabolic Acidosis, Thyrotoxicosis, Pancreatitis, Diabetes Neu-
ropathy, Metabolic Imbalance, Hypokalemia) ranks 5th.
Other respiratory diseases (Bronchial Asthma, Emphysema, Chronic Asthma, COPD,

Status Asthmaticus, Asthma Chronic Bronchitis, BAIAE, Cor Pulmonale, Pulmonary Embo-
lism, Pleural Effusion) ranks 6th, kidney disorders/diseases ranks 7th, all forms of accidents
ranks 8th, malnutrition and other nutritional deficiency ranks 9th, and gastrointestinal dis-
eases/disorders ranks 10th.
6.2 Water and Sanitation
In CY 2015, a total of 93.40% was reached out of the 236,425 households in the Prov-
ince of Leyte. The abovementioned households have access to safe water. Of these num-
bers, 68,185 or 30.88% were served by level I, 71,559 or 32.40% were covered by level II
water services, and 81, 086 were served with level III or the individual household connec-
tions water supply or a total of 36.72%.
On sanitation, there were 206,220 households or 87.22% have access to water sealed
toilet facilities, and the remaining 12.78% has no toilet at all.
As recorded or monitored by the PHO, it was observed that there were 175,702 or
74.32% households with satisfactory disposal of solid waste, while 196,609 or 83.16%
households are with complete basic sanitary facilities.
6.3 Education
For the School Year (SY) 2014-2015, the Province of Leyte showed a better accom-
plishment than the region both in the elementary and secondary levels. Based on the data
from the Department of Education (DepEd) Leyte Division, the Cohort Survival Rate for the
Elementary Level was recorded at 82.18%; the Completion Rate at 79.62 and the Dropout
Rate at 0.76%. The Secondary Level showed a Cohort Survival Rate of 75.89%; a Comple-
tion Rate of 72.13% and a Dropout Rate of 2.90%.
The region’s performance for the same time period for the Cohort Survival Rate, Com-
pletion Rate and Dropout Rate for the Elementary Level were recorded at 87.34%, 85.76%
and 1.19%, respectively and for the secondary level, the same were recorded at 73.00%,
70.19% and 3.25%, respectively.
Comparatively, the average Provincial Dropout Rate for the Elementary Level for the
last three (3) school years (SY 2012-2013 to SY 2014-2015) was recorded at 0.8 % which is
lower than the average Dropout Rate for the region for the same time period which was at
1.19% showing a variance of 0.39%.
The average Provincial Dropout Rate for the Secondary Level for the same time period
(SY 2012-2013 to SY 2014-2015) was at 3.40%, still lower than the 3.73% average Drop-
out Rate for the region, exhibiting a variance of 0.33%.
62
The three (3) performance indicators considering the period of SY 2012-2013 to 2014-
2015 showed an irregular trend, on both the regional and provincial accomplishments of
the DepEd, Regional Office VIII.
For the School Year 2014-2015, the Dropout Rate for the Elementary Level the six (6)
provinces in Eastern Visayas are ranked as follows: Southern Leyte showed the lowest
Dropout rate with 0.57%; followed by Leyte with 0.76%; Biliran with 0.98%; Samar with
0.99%; Northern Samar with 1.46%; and finally, by Eastern Samar with a 1.77% Dropout
Rate.
For the same time period, the Dropout Rate for the Secondary Level among the six (6)
provinces in Eastern Visayas show the following ranking from lowest to highest: Southern
Leyte with 0.93%; Biliran with 1.37%; Samar with 2.60%; Leyte with 2.90%; Northern
Samar with 3.46%; and Eastern Samar with 5.42%.
6.4 Housing
The 2010 Census of Population and Housing showed that the Province of Leyte has a
total of 343,921 occupied housing units/buildings. The ratio of household population to oc-
cupied housing unit was 4.5. Other types of building units included single house which
comprised 97.10%, for duplex 1.55% , multi-unit residential at 0.97% and other housing
types like multi-unit residential, commercial/industrial/agricultural, institutional living quar-
ters and other types.
In terms of the kind of construction materials used, 32.42% of the outer walls of
houses/dwellings were made of bamboo/sawali/cogon or nipa; wood at 28.68%; and con-
crete/brick/stone at 20.68%. On the types of roofing materials used, 53.49% of the
houses/dwellings were of galvanized iron; nipa/cogon/anahaw at 39.57%; and the rest
consisted of roofing made of mixed galvanized and nipa, tile/concrete/clay; wood; make-
shift galvanized /improvised materials; and asbestos.
The projected total housing demand of the Province of Leyte (per 2000 Census of
Population and Housing) was 26,774 or an average of 25,234 over a five-year period (CY
2002 to CY 2006). The Province would have a projected housing demand in CY 2010 of
about 28,418 which is around 47% of the regional housing demand of 60,147 for the same
period. This projection is at 2% annually based on the 2007 Population Census. Com-
paratively, Leyte has the highest housing demand as compared to the rest of the five (5)
provinces in Region VIII.
6.5 Poverty
The Province of Leyte’s poverty situation has decreased from 31.4% in CY 2012 to
23.6% in CY 2015 (Figure 19). The Province ranked second lowest among the six (6)
provinces in Region 8 (the Eastern Visayas region) in CY 2015. According to the report of
the Philippine Statistical Authority (PSA), the Province’s poor population of 652,690 or
111,394 poor families in CY 2015 comprised 37.15% of Region 8’s poor population of
1,756,744 or 299,897 poor families. (please refer to Tables 23 and 24).
63
Figure 19
Table 23. Annual Per Capita Poverty Threshold, Poverty Incidence among
Population and Families
Poverty Incidence among Poverty Incidence among

Annual Per Capita Poverty Population (%) Families (%)
Province Threshold (in Pesos)
Estimates (%) Estimates (%)
2006 2009 2012 2015 2006 2009 2012 2015 2006 2009 2012 2015
Region VIII 12,520 16,278 18,076 21,304 41.5 42.6 45.2 38.7 33.7 34.5 37.4 30.7
Biliran 11,841 15,350 17,393 21,008 29.8 39.2 27.5 21.3 22.6 31.8 20.9 17.4
Eastern Samar 13,140 17,091 20,237 22,886 51.3 56.4 63.7 46.3 41.3 49.2 55.4 37.4
Leyte 12,493 16,255 17,561 20,807 38.4 36.3 39.2 31.0 32.2 29.8 31.4 23.6
Northern
12,959 16,883 19,197 21,574 53.4 52.1 50.2 56.2 44.6 42.8 43.5 47.9
Samar
Southern
12,830 16,688 19,431 23,318 33.7 43.1 43.3 38.0 25.3 30.1 34.0 30.2
Leyte
Samar 11,607 15,091 15,891 20,139 40.4 42.5 50.0 46.9 32.3 34.9 43.5 39.5
64
Table 24. Magnitude of Poor Population and Poor Families by Province
Region VIII: 2006, 2009, 2012 and 2015
Magnitude of Poor Population (%) Poverty Incidence among Population (%)

Province Estimates (%) Estimates (%)
2006 2009 2012 2015 2006 2009 2012 2015
Region VIII 1,627,468 1,708,941 1,882,934 1,756,744 271,319 293,886 337,221 299,897
Biliran 46,289 70,076 45,782 45,007 7,143 10,701 7,468 8,173
Eastern Samar 223,131 236,588 279,607 226,309 34,344 43,489 52,189 37,919
Leyte 671,771 628,371 713,063 652,690 117,271 114,843 128,273 111,394
Northern Samar 294,039 303,403 309,089 337,064 47,317 48,079 51,663 57,003
Southern Leyte 123,065 164,487 174,368 146,726 20,915 26,483 31,890 27,083
Samar 269,174 306,015 361,045 348,948 44,329 50,291 65,737 58,326
Source: Philippine Statistical Authority
The PSA records show that the Province’s annual per capita poverty threshold
income was Php17,561 in CY 2012 and Php20,807 in CY 2015. The latter at
Php20,807 is a little below Region 8’s annual per capital poverty threshold income of
P21,304.00.
7. UTILITY/INFRASTRUCTURE SECTOR
7.1 Roads
Roads and bridges are the major infrastructure support systems that are needed
by local governments for economic development. There are four (4) categories of
roads in the Province of Leyte, namely: (1) National roads – 946.502 kilometers, (2)
Provincial roads – 565.303 kilometers, (3) City/municipal roads – 473.450 kilometers,
and (4) Barangay roads – 522.100 kilometers. The provincial roads serve as
linkages between farms and markets.
The total length of existing roads in the Province of Leyte stands at 2,494.901
kilometers. The current road density is 0.44 kilometer/square kilometer or 1.46
kilometer/1000 population which is higher than the country’s ratio of 0.332
kilometer/1000 population.
The Province’s gravel roads need to be upgraded to concrete in order to mini-

mize cost of maintenance and also to improve the mobility of people and commodi-
ties from the production areas to the market area. As of August 31, 2016, 225.256
kilometers of the 565.910 kilometers of provincial roads or 39.80% of the total, were
gravel road.
65
Figure 20
66
The Provincial Engineer's Office (PEO) disclosed that out of the existing 565.910
kms. of provincial roads, 74.238 kms or 13.13% is in good condition, 434.115 kms. or
76.80% is fair while 56.95 kms. or 10.07% is in poor condition. Based on the criteria
stipulated in the Special Local Roads Fund (SLRF)-Local Roads Inventory Form 2 of the
Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG) “Fair” means the road is
smooth riding even if there are visible potholes and cracks. On the other, hand “Poor”
means uneven riding, large percentage patching or potholes, cracking and edge dam-
age.
Improvement and rehabilitation of road sections with poor condition shall be given
priority to enhance accessibility and mobility.
In CY 2015, the Province of Leyte spent P19.00 million for the maintenance of pro-
vincial, barangay roads and bridges on fuel and spare parts. This is 4.63% higher than
last year’s P18.12 million. The said amount was spent for hauling of aggregates,
spreading and compaction of 336.12-kilometer road length of provincial road, vegetation
control of 127.76-kilometer road length of provincial road and 25-kilometer road length
of barangay road. Five (5) units of road concreting with a total project cost of
P980,050.00 was also accomplished in 2015.
7.2 Bridges
In CY 2015, bridges along the national roads in the Province of Leyte totaled
10,935.55 linear meters. Of the total length, 10,698.10 lineal meters are concrete and
steel bridges that are considered as permanent structures, or 97.83 of the total length,
while 237.45 lineal meters are bailey and timber bridges that are temporary in nature, or
2.17% of the total length.
Along the provincial roads, the length of the bridges totaled 1,555.08 lineal meters
of which 54.78% of the total length or 850.90 lineal meters are temporary bridge type,
and 45.22% of the total length or 703.18 lineal meters are of permanent type
7.3 Airport
The Daniel Z. Romualdez Airport is a trunk line airport with a total runway of 2,400
lineal meters, and an apron terminal of 9,150 square meters.
In the Province, there are secondary airports in Ormoc City which is located west of
the Province, and in the municipality of Hilongos which is south of the Province.
A study to determine feasible sites for construction of new airport in the Province is
being conducted by the DOTC through a private consultant.
7.4 Seaports
There are 21 seaports in the Province of Leyte. Major ports are located in
67
Tacloban City, Ormoc City and Palompon. Secondary ports are in the municipali-
ties of Isabel, Bato and Hilongos, and in Baybay City with Cebu City as the main
destination point.
In Eastern Visayas, the Tacloban Port is the primary shipping harbor where
inter-island ships ply the Tacloban-Cebu-Tacloban and the Tacloban-Manila-
Tacloban routes. The ports of Ormoc City, Baybay City and Palompon have also
inter-island ships plying the Manila route at regular schedules. Fast ferry sea
crafts ply between Ormoc City and Cebu City several times daily.
The conduct of the Feasibility Study (FS) and Master Plan of the Babatngon
Port as Eastern Visayas Regional Transshipment Hub was endorsed by the Re-
gional Development Council (RDC) of Eastern Visayas to the Philippine Ports Au-
thority and the Department of Transportation (DOT) for Korean Government Techni-
cal and Financial Assistance.
7.5 Water System
There are 22 Level III systems in the Province of Leyte operated under dif-
ferent types of ownership (by water association or authority). There are 10 water
districts, nine (9) municipal waterworks and three (3) Rural Water System Associa-
tions (RWSAs)- operated systems. Among the water districts, the Leyte Metropoli-
tan Water District (LMWD)
7.6 Power
Energy development plays a vital role in the economic development of the

Province. Leyte has a distinct comparative advantage over the other provinces in
Eastern Visayas because it is endowed with the biggest geothermal reserves esti-
mated at 2,000 megawatts (MW). Geothermal energy is an important component of
the country’s energy program, and same has proven to be one of the more reliable,
environment-friendly and cost-effective sources of electricity.
The Energy Development Corporation (EDC) in Kananga, Leyte has remained

the country’s largest producer of geothermal energy with an installed capacity of
1,198 MW. The 107,625-hectare Leyte Geothermal Production Field (LGPF) alone
produces 708 MW. Within the LGPF, considered as the largest wet steam produc-
ing field in the world are, namely: (1) the 112.5-MW Tongonan Production Field,
(2) the 132-MW Upper Mahiao Power Plant, (3) the 232.5-MW Malitbog Power
Plant, (4) the 180-MW Mahanagdong A and B Plants, and (5) the 51-MW Optimiza-
tion Plant.
The Upper Mahiao Plant, the Malitbog Plant, the Mahanagdong Plants and the
Optimization Plant were built through the Build-Operate and Transfer (BOT)
scheme. After the completion of the 10-year cooperation period, these plants will
be handed-over to PNOC-EDC by the builders.
68
Figure 21
CY 2015
69
Figure 22
CY 2015
70
The California Energy International, Ltd., the private firm that built the plants has
turned over to EDC the Upper Mahaio Plant in CY 2007, the Malitbog Plant and the
Twin Mahangdong Plants on July 25, 2008 and the Optimization Plant in September
2008.
Since the commercial operation of the EDC in 1983, it has produced about 80,614
gigawatts (GW) or 134 million barrels of fuel oil equivalent (MBFOE). According to
PNOC-EDC, a foreign exchange savings of $3.75 billion were generated.
The EDC has been supplying power to Cebu and Luzon via submarine cable.
Same will serve as the linchpin of the national electric highway upon installation of an-
other submarine cable from the Province of Leyte to Mindanao.
7.7 Solid Waste Management
The Province’s waste disposal has caused a significant threat to the environment
and the marine waters as liquid and solid wastes are usually dumped into the creeks,
rivers and seas. Local governments have not actively pursued the establishment of
sanitary landfills pursuant to Republic Act No. 9003 (also known as the Ecological
Waste Management Act of 2000), because of financial constraints. Instead, open dump-
ing has been the usual practice. As such, solid wastes disposal by the majority (52%) or
167,550 households are mostly done by burning, 17.86% or 57,609 households resort
to dumping their wastes in identified dumpsites, 14.70% or 47,435 households dumped
their wastes into individual pits, 3.40% or 10,987 resorted to burying their wastes,
5.19% or 16,736 made compost and used them as fertilizers, and 6.3% or 20,315 util-
ized their wastes as feeds to animals. Figure 23 shows the location of solid waste fa-
cilities in the Province of Leyte.
As generally observed, solid wastes disposal by local governments has been un-
sanitary and has led to ground water and air pollution, and scattered solid wastes. The
dumped and scattered wastes become breeding ground for insects, rodents and other
diseases-causing agents and a fire hazard as well.
7.8 Transportation, Access and Circulation
The strategic location of the island of Leyte at the center of the Philippine Archipel-
ago makes it a vital link between Luzon and Mindanao through the Philippine-Japan
Friendship Highway (Daang Maharlika) that traverses the islands of Samar and Leyte
(Figure 24).
Starting from the San Juanico Bridge at the Leyte side, passing through the south-
ern town of Mahaplag and ending at the port of the town of Liloan in Southern Leyte,
emanates other roads of strategic importance providing access to other parts of the
Provinces of Leyte and Southern Leyte.
71
Figure 23
CY 2015
72
Figure 24
CY 2015
73
Concrete roads connect the major cities and municipalities within the Province,
with farm-to-market roads being continuously upgraded and maintained. The Daniel Z.
Romualdez Airport in Tacloban City serves as the main landing point for planes com-
ing from Manila and Cebu. A secondary airport is located in Ormoc City. Private air-
ports are also available in the municipality of Hilongos and at the PHILPHOS Fertilizer
Plant in the municipality of Isabel and the Energy Development Corporation’s Leyte
Geothermal Reservation Project (LGRP) in Tongonan. The Province has 24 seaports
with major ports in the cities of Ormoc and Tacloban. Passenger and cargo ships to
and from Cebu anchor at these major ports that also serve as jump-off points to the
other centers of Luzon, Visayas and the northern parts of Mindanao.
8. CLIMATE PROFILE/CHARACTERIZATION
8.1 Climate Profile

The climate profile includes the types of hazards that the province is confronted
with. Past disaster events are recorded to have an idea of the locations affected, mag-
nitude or intensity of the disaster, population and properties affected including
physical assets such as physical and social infrastructures. This profile is part of the
hazard characterization required in the DRA.
 Climate and Rainfall
There are two (2) types of climate in the Province. The eastern part has
Type II climate which is characterized by a very pronounced rainfall from Novem-
ber to February. The western portion has Type IV climate with rainfall that is more
or less evenly distributed through out the year.
The Climate Change in the Philippines of PAGASA, using the Corona’s four
climate types (Types I to IV) Province of Leyte has a Type IV climate wherein the
rainfall is almost evenly distributed during the whole year. (Figure 25) Climate
Map of the Philippines.
Based on a five-year record of rainfall from CY 2004 to CY 2008, heaviest

rains occurred in the month of February 2008 with a total rainfall of 894.10 milli-
meters (mm), followed by a rainfall of 781.70 mm in the month of December 2005
and 604.70 mm in December 2006. The maximum number of rainfall occurred in
CY 2008 with a total rainfall of 4,097.80 mm and the least number of rainfall was
recorded in CY 2004 with a total rainfall of 1,996.70 mm. (Table 25)
 Climate Change Projections
In terms of climate projection, the mean temperature in the Province of Leyte

is expected to increase by 1.050C in 2020 and by 2.050C in 2050 under the me-
dium-range emission scenario. (Table 26)
It is also observed that the largest temperature increase is projected during

the summer (MAM) seasons of 2020 and 2050 at 1.2 and 2.3, respectively.
74
Figure 25
Climate Map of the Philippines
Source: Climate Change in the Philippines, February 2011

PAGASA
75
Table 25. Rainfall, CYs 2004 to 2008
MONTH 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 TOTAL
January 334.10 136.80 238.20 344.90 542.70 1,596.70
February 223.20 49.70 591.90 108.40 894.10 1,867.30

March 205.20 148.90 168.10 90.50 284..60 897.30
April 35.00 108.10 82.60 98.10 297.60 621.40
May 215.00 100.30 271.20 142.00 188.20 916.70

June 102.00 70.10 242.00 275.40 369.80 1,059.30
July 87.80 155.90 187.10 105.10 130.90 666.80
August 95.20 153.70 132.50 217.50 198.50 797.40
September 113.40 167.90 235.80 121.80 136.60 775.50
October 186.90 268.80 114.70 247.90 287.80 1,106.10
November 195.70 165.10 233.20 365.70 369.80 1,329.50
December 203.20 781.70 604.70 330.60 397.20 2,317.40
TOTAL 1,996.70 2,307.00 3,102.00 2,447.90 4,097.80 13,951.40
Source: Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and

Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA)
Tacloban City
Table 26. Baseline and Projected Temperature CY 2020 and CY 2050
High-Range Emission Medium –Range Emission

Baseline Observed
Scenario Scenario
Average for 1971-2000 Temperature Change (°C) Projections for 2020
26.4 27.8 28.0 27.7 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.9 1.2 1.1 1.0
Average for 1971-2000 Temperature Change (°C) Projections for 2020
26.4 27.8 28.0 27.7 1.6 1.9 1.7 1.7 1.8 2.3 2.2 1.9
76
Table 27. Climate Change Impact Matrix
Critical Sectors
CC Variable
Agricul- Forestry Coastal & Biodiversity Water Health
ture Marine
Tempera- Decrease Increase Survival of Species lost Increase de- Heat
ture yield due wildfires; fish, corals, due to heat mand for wa- strokes
increase to heat Pest out- sea grass, stress; ter; Low wa- from heat
stress; breaks; mangroves Spread of ter supply waves;
increase Spread of & wildlife invasive replenish- increase
pest out- invasive alien spe- ment demand
breaks alien species for en-
cies ergy
Rainfall Damage Erosion; Coastal Species Water supply Increase
Change to crops; landslides; land flood- lost due to contamination/ in water
soil ero- river silta- ing; water water sedimentation borne
sion; tion and pollution stress Damage to wa- diseases;
flooding flooding; and silta- ter supply fa- gastro-
mortality of tion; beach cilities intestinal
seedlings erosion diseases;
and young respira-
trees tory &
skin dis-
eases
Sea level Salinity Mangrove Sea grass, Degrada- Salinity intru- Water
rise intrusion and nipa coral reef & tion of sion borne
Decrease survival; wildlife sur- wetlands Water supply diseases;
in crop vival; & wildlife system inunda- pollution
yield Beach ero- habitats tion from HH
sion & indus-
try
wastes
Sea surface Decrease Mangrove Algal Coral
tempera- in agricul- and nipa blooms; bleaching;
ture ture yield survival coral sea grass
increase bleaching; and reef
fish sur-
vival
El Nino/ Crop Wildfires; Increased Species Increased wa- Heat

Drought damage; Low seed- fishing ef- lost due to ter demand; stokes;
increased lings sur- fort; de- water Low rate of wa-
livestock vival crease in stress ter supply re-
deaths; mariculture plenishment
yield
77
Table 28. Climate Change Impacts (PAGASA. Climate Change in the Philippines. February, 2011)
Sector Impacts of Climate Change
Water Reduction in rainfall during the summer season will result in water shortage. Irriga-
tion water for farms will be less affecting food production. Water level in dams will be
low affecting energy production.
Heavy rains In many areas will create flooding affecting economic activities, dam-
ages to physical assets and even fatalities, injuries and illnesses.
Forestry Increase in temperature and variability in rainfall will affect the growth and develop-
ment of plants and animals in the forest. Some forest plants and wildlife animal spe-
cies may not survive.
Forest fires may become frequent in forest and grassland areas during El Nino epi-
sodes.
Agriculture Changes in temperature and rainfall intensity, frequency and distribution will affect
the growth and yield of climate sensitive crops and fruit trees.
Floods and strong winds brought by typhoons will damage crops and affect their pro-
duction.
Drought will seriously affect crop production while heat stress will increase mortality
of poultry and livestock.
Changes in temperature and rainfall will trigger the spread of pests and diseases of
both plants and animals.
Sea surface temperature will affect fishery. Fish will move out to cooler and deeper
waters making it difficult to reach and catch them by artisanal fishermen.
Aquaculture and mariculture are damaged by typhoons and coastal flooding aside
from storm surges.
Coastal Storm surge and sea level rise will inundate coastal settlements and tourism indus-
resources try. Small islands will significantly be affected by sea level rise inundating large por-
tions of the lands and contaminating the ground water with saline.
Health Flooding will cause the outbreak and spread of water-based and vector-borne dis-
eases leading to higher morbidity and mortality. The incidence of malaria, dengue,
leptospirosis, schistosomiasis, cholera and dysentery will increase in flooded and
unsanitary areas.
Heat waves will increase heat stroke among the elderly. The demand for energy will
increase and may exceed the available supply.
Typhoons and monsoon rains can flood hospitals and health centers disrupting ser-
vices and access by the residents.
78
9. VULNERABILITY AND CONSEQUENCE ANALYSES
The province of Leyte is a hazard prone area and its entire population of 1.79 million
are vulnerable and exposed to various hazard types. A simple discussion on the number
of people affected and the extent of threat that would result from the occurrence of haz-
ards in particular areas follows below. People settled within the NIPAS and non-
NIPAS areas, watershed areas, erosion potential areas, areas subject to weather-related
hazards, areas within the active fault line, areas subject to volcanic hazards and Network
of Protected Agricultural Areas (NPAAs) Highly-Restricted Agricultural Lands, SAFDZ and
non-SAFDZ areas need to observe policies that would impact on the effects of disasters
and climate change in the long run.
The people living in hazard prone areas mentioned earlier have to be assisted on and
made aware on their extent of vulnerability so as not to deter development instead capaci-
tated them to cope with the effects of disaster occurrences and adapt to the impacts of
climate change. These can be done through technical assistance, advocacy and aware-
ness campaigns and establish policy support mechanisms and legislations by LGUs.
9.1 Population Vulnerable to Erosion-Prone Areas
The extent of erosion in the Province of Leyte is categorized into: no apparent

erosion; slightly eroded; moderately eroded; severely eroded; and very severely
eroded. The municipalities of Bato, Hilongos, Isabel, Matalom, Palompon and San
Isidro fall under the very severely eroded category equivalent to an area of 64,560
hectares or 11.30% of the total land area and an affected population numbering
241,314.
Ormoc City and the municipalities of Hindang, Inopacan and Tabango are se-
verely eroded with a total area of 90,330 hectares or 15.81% of the total land area
and comprised of 247,230 number of population vulnerable to such hazard. Other
erosion categories are reflected in the metrical presentation in Table 29. There are
nine (9) municipalities and two (2) cities that are moderately eroded affecting a total
population of 638,805 in an area of 170,450 hectares or 29.85% of the total land
area of the Province of Leyte, 20.18% is slightly eroded and 22.86% has no apparent
erosion with a population of 321,217.
9.2 Population within the Active Fault Line
The Province is traversed by the Philippine Fault Zone (PFZ) and is within the
vicinity of the Philippine Deep and is therefore vulnerable to seismic hazards. These
are the municipalities that are vulnerable to risks and exposure to such hazard would
affect a population of 742,009.
Also, a detailed discussion on why the population living in the aforementioned

areas is provided and the reasons why the said affected population living in the area
79
are at risk in terms of their location.
9.3 Population Exposed to Weather- Related Hazards
The cities of Baybay, Ormoc and Tacloban and 19 municipalities (Please see
Table 30 and Figure 26) are located in environmentally-constrained areas wherein
flooding hazard is very severe, thereby endangering lives and properties. A total of
612,876 population are vulnerable and exposed to these types of hazards. This fig-
ure is about 35.60% from the Province’s total population of 1.7 million. While a total
population of 246,333 are moderately susceptible to rain-induced landslide hazard
as reflected in Table 31 and Figure 27.
9.4 Population in Areas Subject to Volcanic Hazards
All the coastal municipalities and barangays along the eastern side of Leyte
which are facing the Pacific Ocean are prone to tidal waves and tsunamis. Mostly
affected are the low-lying places along the coastal zones. A total of 465,352 popula-
tion are vulnerable to the said hazard.
9.5 Risk Exposure of Agricultural Lands
A total of 943.51 square kilometers or 100% of the agriculture land are high
risk to flood. Of the entire agricultural area, 56.27 sq.km. is for cultivated annual
crops, 291.24 sq. kilometers is for irrigated rice, 220.62 sq.km is for pasture area and
375.38 sq.km. is for perennial trees and vine crops (Table 32 and Figure 28).
As to the risk exposure of agricultural lands to rain induced landslide, a total of

2,009.87 square kilometers or 37.29% of agriculture lands are highly expose to this
hazard.
9.6 Critical Infrastructure
As seen in Table 39, there is a total number of 364 critical infrastructure facili-
ties in the Province (airports, churches, hospitals and schools) located in the 40 mu-
nicipalities and the cities of Baybay, Ormoc and Tacloban in the Province of Leyte.
These facilities are vulnerable to hazards. In particular, exposure to floods of these
critical infrastructure facilities would show that a number of 179 of the said facilities
or 49.18 % are within the highly susceptible flooding areas.
80
Table 29. Erosion Potential
EROSION LAND AREA % TO

DESCRIPTION Municipality/City TOTAL
POTENTIAL (HECTARES)
Alangalang, Barugo, Dagami, Jaro,

No Apparent Ero- Javier, Julita, La Paz, MacArthur,
0 130,590 22.86
sion Mayorga, Pastrana, Sta. Fe,
Tabontabon, Tanauan and Tunga
Albuera, Babatngon, Capoocan,

1 Slightly Eroded Carigara, Leyte, Mahaplag, Matag-ob 115,260 20.18
and Palo
Abuyog, Baybay, Burauen, Calubian,

2 Moderately Eroded Dulag, Kananga, Merida, San Miguel, 170,540 29.85
Tacloban City, Tolosa and Villaba
Hindang, Inopacan, Ormoc City and

3 Severely Eroded 90,330 15.81
Tabango
Very Severely Bato, Hilongos, Isabel, Matalom,

4 Palompon and San Isidro 64,560 11.30
Eroded
TOTAL 571,280 100.00
Source: Erosion Map

2000-2009 Provincial Physical Framework Plan (PPFP)
Province of Leyte
81
Table 30. Summary of Municipal Population Exposure
Flood, CY 2015
Exposed Population Exposure

Municipal
Municipality Population in High Percentage in High
Population
Susceptible Areas Susceptible Areas
ALBUERA 39,199 10,670 27.22%
BABATNGON 24,067 3,604 14.98%
BARUGO 27,569 15,377 55.78%
BATO 33,930 11,475 33.82%
BAYBAY 102,526 40,621 39.62%
BURAUEN 48,606 7,698 15.84%
CALUBIAN 29,945 4,420 14.76%
CAPOOCAN 28,388 4,278 15.07%
CARIGARA 45,696 27,476 60.13%
DAGAMI 30,451 11,585 38.04%
DULAG 40,570 23,609 58.19%
HILONGOS 53,911 34,837 64.62%
HINDANG 19,927 11,807 59.25%
INOPACAN 19,276 3,587 18.61%
ISABEL 39,972 8,872 22.20%
JARO 38,797 1,658 4.27%
JAVIER (BUGHO) 23,453 8,767 37.38%
JULITA 12,310 3,693 30.00%
KANANGA 46,373 18,800 40.54%
LA PAZ 18,650 2,423 12.99%
LEYTE 35,478 10,806 30.46%
82
Exposed Population Exposure

Municipal
Municipality Population in High Percentage in High
Population
Susceptible Areas Susceptible Areas
MACARTHUR 17,608 10,408 59.11%
MAHAPLAG 27,097 9,146 33.75%
MATAG-OB 16,764 7,945 47.39%
MATALOM 31,055 1,186 3.82%
MAYORGA 13,807 10,974 79.48%
MERIDA 26,285 3,458 13.15%
ORMOC CITY 177,524 47,138 26.55%
PALO 56,781 42,871 75.50%
PALOMPON 52,530 13,035 24.81%
PASTRANA 16,008 2,416 15.09%
SAN ISIDRO 29,655 7,495 25.27%
SAN MIGUEL 16,527 4,849 29.34%
SANTA FE 15,905 5,681 35.72%
TABANGO 30,503 6,146 20.15%
TABONTABON 9,518 1,227 12.89%
TACLOBAN CITY 217,199 89,545 41.23%
TANAUAN 47,426 25,349 53.45%
TOLOSA 16,839 7,305 43.38%
TUNGA 6,221 289 4.64%
VILLABA 37,838 3,476 9.19%
GRAND TOTAL 1,721,775 612,876 35.60
83
Figure 26
CY 2015
84
Table 31. Summary of Municipal Population Exposure
Rain Induced Landslide, CY 2015
Population
Exposed Exposed Total Ex- Total Popula-
Exposed Exposure
Population Population in posed Popu- tion Exposure
Municipal Population in Percentage
Municipality in High Sus- Moderate lation in All Percentage in
Population Low Suscep- in Prone
ceptible Ar- Susceptible Susceptible All Susceptible
tible Areas Susceptible
eas Areas Areas Areas
Areas
ALBUERA 39,199 19,704 11,323 2,128 33,155 84.58%
BABATNGON 24,067 4,240 5,283 5,952 15,475 64.30%
BARUGO 27,569 12,140 12,140 44.03%
BATO 33,930 3,246 14,754 18,000 53.05%
BAYBAY 102,526 28,633 19,000 8,707 1.65% 58,029 56.60%
BURAUEN 48,606 8,538 8,913 7,529 24,981 51.39%
CALUBIAN 29,945 7,787 12,802 3,137 0.29% 23,814 79.52%
CAPOOCAN 28,388 17,746 5,348 161 3.95% 24,377 85.87%
CARIGARA 45,696 4,149 3,827 10,129 18,105 39.62%
DAGAMI 30,451 2,883 3,238 397 6,518 21.40%
DULAG 40,570
HILONGOS 53,911 2,143 5,509 9,188 16,840 31.24%
HINDANG 19,927 1,182 5,297 1,510 7,989 40.09%
INOPACAN 19,276 7,889 4,299 1,618 13,807 71.63%
ISABEL 39,972 4,792 21,890 3,903 0.32% 30,714 76.84%
JARO 38,797 2,794 1,853 33,471 38,118 98.25%

JAVIER
(BUGHO) 23,453 876 759 3,728 5,362 22.86%
JULITA 12,310 915 915 7.43%
KANANGA 46,373 4,234 7,262 17,632 0.01% 29,135 62.83%
LA PAZ 18,650 1,411 3,293 9,640 14,344 76.91%
85
Population Ex- Total Popula-

Exposed Popu- Exposed Popu- Total Exposed
posure Percent- tion Exposure
Municipal- Municipal lation in High lation in Moder- Population in All
age in High Percentage in
ity Population Susceptible ate Susceptible Susceptible Ar-
susceptible Ar- All Susceptible
Areas Areas eas
eas Areas
LEYTE 35,478 14,207 9,199 40.05% 24,652 69.48%

MACAR-
THUR 17,608 367 484 2.08% 3,680 20.90%
MAHAPLAG 27,097 6,528 4,614 24.09% 18,423 67.99%
MATAG-OB 16,764 3,032 4,966 18.09% 8,021 47.85%
MATALOM 31,055 3,114 25,411 81.83%
MAYORGA 13,807 11 0.08%
MERIDA 26,285 1,739 8,352 6.62% 21,994 83.67%

ORMOC
CITY 177,524 22,533 10,014 12.69% 93,801 52.84%
PALO 56,781 1,786 527 3.15% 2,319 4.08%
PALOMPON 52,530 4,878 7,665 9.29% 39,166 74.56%
PASTRANA 16,008 641 101 4.01% 10,263 64.11%
SAN ISIDRO 29,655 106 18,457 0.36% 20,844 70.29%

SAN MI-
GUEL 16,527 2,148 915 13.00% 7,612 46.06%
SANTA FE 15,905 398 319 2.50% 3,629 22.82%
TABANGO 30,503 5,952 16,666 19.51% 23,798 78.02%

TABON-
TABON 9,518
TACLOBAN
CITY c
(Capital) 217,199 24,588 14,487 11.32% 60,883 28.03%
TANAUAN 47,426 233 233 0.49%
TOLOSA 16,839
TUNGA 6,221 6,221 100.00%
VILLABA 37,838 5,086 18,119 13.44% 33,255 87.89%
86
Figure 27
CY 2015
87
Table 32
Risk Exposure to Floods of Various Land Uses, CY 2015
Total Flood Exposure

Land Use area
Classification exposed Low risk % of Moderate % of High % of
(sq.km) (hectares) total risk total risk total
area (sq.km) area (sq.km) area
Agriculture
Cultivated
Annual Crops 56.27 56.27
Irrigated Rice 291.24 291.24
Pasture Area 220.62 220.62
Perennial Trees 375.38 375.38
and Vine Crops
Total 943.51 943.51 100.00
Table 33
Risk Exposure to RIL of Various Land Uses, CY 2015
Total Flood Exposure

area ex-
Land Use posed Low risk % of Moderate % of High % of
Classification (sq.km) (hectares) total risk total risk total
area (sq.km) area (sq.km) area
Agriculture 5,390.29 2,009.87 37.29
Built up Area 58.35 1.42 2.43

Total
Table 34
Risk Exposure to Storm Surge of Various Land Uses, CY 2015
Flood Exposure
Total
Land Use area ex- Low risk % of Moderate % of High % of
Classification posed (hectares) total risk total risk total
(sq.km) area (sq.km) area (sq.km) area
Agriculture 1,260.52 11.69 0.93

Total
88
Figure 28
CY 2015
89
Figure 29
CY 2015
90
Figure 30
CY 2015
91
Table 35
Summary of Built up Area Exposure to Flood per Municipality, CY 2015
Province of Leyte
Total Municipal Exposed to Built up Exposure Percent-

MUNICIPALITY Classification Built up Area Area within HSA age of Built up
(in sq. Km.) (sq. Km.) Area within HSA
1. ABUYOG Built up Area 3.44 2.67 77.76%
2. ALANGALANG Built up Area 0.86 0.29 34.27%
3. ALBUERA Built up Area 2.20 1.73 78.63%
4. BARUGO Built up Area 0.51 0.43 83.97%
5 BATO Built up Area 1.56 1.19 76.54%
6. BAYBAY Built up Area 5.21 4.45 85.52%
7. BURAUEN Built up Area 1.13 0.47 41.78%
8. CALUBIAN Built up Area 0.23 0.17 75.92%
9. CAPOOCAN Built up Area 0.42 0.20 46.65%
11. CARIGARA Built up Area 0.83 0.82 98.33%
12. DAGAMI Built up Area 0.83 0.30 36.30%
13. DULAG Built up Area 2.07 1.18 57.07%
14. HILONGOS Built up Area 3.09 2.55 82.40%
15. HINDANG Built up Area 1.82 1.54 84.41%
16. INOPACAN Built up Area 0.81 0.27 33.23%
17. ISABEL Built up Area 2.92 1.28 43.86%
18. JARO Built up Area 0.80 0.14 16.90%
19. JAVIER (BUGHO) Built up Area 1.02 0.48 46.45%
20. JULITA Built up Area 0.40 0.22 55.29%
21. KANANGA Built up Area 0.92 0.35 38.34%
22. LA PAZ Built up Area 0.72 0.04 5.91%
92
Total Municipal Exposed to Built up Exposure Percent-

MUNICIPAL Classification Built up Area Area within HSA age of Built up
(in sq. Km.) (sq. Km.) Area within HSA
23. LEYTE Built up Area 0.29 0.25 85.88%
24. MACARTHUR Built up Area 0.89 0.64 71.49%
25. MAHAPLAG Built up Area 0.73 0.52 71.12%
26. MATAG-OB Built up Area 0.18 0.11 60.75%
27. MATALOM Built up Area 0.56 0.18 31.34%
28. MAYORGA Built up Area 0.55 0.48 85.82%
29. MERIDA Built up Area 0.79 0.34 42.83%
30. ORMOC CITY Built up Area 6.87 3.10 45.09%
31. PALO Built up Area 3.26 2.71 83.16%
32. PALOMPON Built up Area 1.46 0.95 65.10%
33. PASTRANA Built up Area 0.35 0.08 21.83%
34. SAN ISIDRO Built up Area 0.27 0.21 77.81%
35. SAN MIGUEL Built up Area 0.39 0.16 41.00%
36. SANTA FE Built up Area 0.23 0.04 18.62%
37. TABANGO Built up Area 0.26 0.07 27.05%
38. TABONTABON Built up Area 0.24 0.06 25.54%
39. TACLOBAN CITY (Capital) Built up Area 11.30 7.89 69.88%
40. TANAUAN Built up Area 1.87 1.32 70.52%
41. TOLOSA Built up Area 0.96 0.41 43.27%
42. TUNGA Built up Area 0.19 0.01 6.62%
43. VILLABA Built up Area 0.19 0.03 17.84%
Total 63.63 40.34 63.40%
93
Table 36
Summary of Built up Area Exposure to Rain Induced Landslide per Municipality, CY 2015
Province of Leyte
Total Munici- Exposed to Built Expo

Exposed to Built up
MUNICIPALITY Classification pal Built up up Area within up A
Area within HSA
Area (sq. Km.) MSA
1. ABUYOG Built up Area 3.44 0.25 0.16 0.00
2. ALANGALANG Built up Area 0.86 - - 0.60
3. ALBUERA Built up Area 2.20 0.00 0.06 0.14
4. BABATNGON Built up Area 0.42 0.01 0.15 0.02
5 BARUGO Built up Area 0.51 - - 0.08
6. BATO Built up Area 1.56 - 0.11
7. BAYBAY Built up Area 5.21 0.00 0.21 0.34
8. BURAUEN Built up Area 1.13 0.13 0.06 0.01
9. CALUBIAN Built up Area 0.23 - 0.01
11. CAPOOCAN Built up Area 0.42 0.17 0.04 0.00
12. CARIGARA Built up Area 0.83 - - 0.02
13. DAGAMI Built up Area 0.83 - 0.00 0.02
14. HILONGOS Built up Area 3.09 - - 0.09
15. HINDANG Built up Area 1.82 - - 0.32
16. INOPACAN Built up Area 0.81 - 0.01 0.36
17. ISABEL Built up Area 2.92 0.00 1.03 0.38
18. JARO Built up Area 0.80 0.01 - 0.79
19. JAVIER (BUGHO) Built up Area 1.02 - 0.01 0.17
20. JULITA Built up Area 0.40 - - 0.00
94
osed to Built Exposed to Built Exposure Percent- Exposure Percentage Exposure Percentage Exposure Percentage of
Area within up Area within age of Built up Area of Built up Area of Built up Area Built up Area within
LSA Prone Area within HSA within MSA within LSA Prone Area
0.00 7.28% 4.54% 0.05% 0.04%
- 0.00% 0.00% 69.67% 0.00%
- 0.05% 2.76% 6.56% 0.00%
- 2.04% 36.73% 5.74% 0.00%
- 0.00% 0.00% 16.03% 0.00%
- - 0.00% 7.21% 0.00% 0.00%
- 0.07% 4.11% 6.46% 0.00%
- 11.28% 5.20% 1.02% 0.00%
- - 0.00% 4.28% 0.00% 0.00%
0.07 39.53% 9.07% 0.37% 15.51%
- 0.00% 0.00% 1.82% 0.00%
- 0.00% 0.17% 2.54% 0.00%
- 0.00% 0.00% 2.82% 0.00%
- 0.00% 0.00% 17.63% 0.00%
- 0.00% 0.66% 44.45% 0.00%
0.04 0.16% 35.36% 12.91% 1.24%
- 0.99% 0.00% 98.88% 0.00%
- 0.00% 0.80% 16.21% 0.00%
- 0.00% 0.00% 0.69% 0.00%
95
Total Munici- Exposed to Built Exp

Exposed to Built up
MUNICIPALITY Classification pal Built up up Area within up
Area within HSA
Area (sq. Km.) MSA
21. KANANGA Built up Area 0.92 0.17 0.06 0.34
22. LA PAZ Built up Area 0.72 0.01 0.09 0.20
23. LEYTE Built up Area 0.29 0.01 0.00
24. MACARTHUR Built up Area 0.89 - - 0.06
25. MAHAPLAG Built up Area 0.73 - - 0.21
26. MATAG-OB Built up Area 0.18 0.09 0.02
27. MATALOM Built up Area 0.56 - - 0.17
28. MERIDA Built up Area 0.79 0.01 0.09 0.20
29. ORMOC CITY Built up Area 6.87 0.34 0.13 2.57
30. PALO Built up Area 3.26 0.02 0.09
31. PALOMPON Built up Area 1.46 0.04 0.16 0.23
32. PASTRANA Built up Area 0.35 0.00 - 0.20
33. SAN ISIDRO Built up Area 0.27 - 0.00
34. SAN MIGUEL Built up Area 0.39 - 0.00 0.10
35. SANTA FE Built up Area 0.23 - - 0.06
36. TABANGO Built up Area 0.26 0.10 -
37. TACLOBAN CITY (Capital) Built up Area 11.30 0.05 0.24 0.94
38. TUNGA Built up Area 0.19 - - 0.19
39. VILLABA Built up Area 0.19 0.01 0.13 0.01
Total 58.35 1.42 2.85 8.82
96
posed to Built Exposed to Built Exposure Percent- Exposure Percentage Exposure Percentage Exposure Percentage of
p Area within up Area within age of Built up Area of Built up Area of Built up Area Built up Area within
LSA Prone Area within HSA within MSA within LSA Prone Area
4 - 18.86% 6.33% 36.93% 0.00%
0 - 0.72% 11.93% 27.27% 0.00%
- - 4.43% 1.50% 0.00% 0.00%
6 - 0.00% 0.00% 6.35% 0.00%
1 - 0.00% 0.00% 28.29% 0.00%
- 0.01 51.40% 8.64% 0.00% 3.37%
7 - 0.00% 0.00% 31.25% 0.00%
0 - 1.65% 11.85% 25.13% 0.00%
7 - 4.92% 1.83% 37.47% 0.00%
- - 0.48% 2.85% 0.00% 0.00%
3 0.02 2.60% 10.68% 15.81% 1.20%
0 - 0.46% 0.00% 58.54% 0.00%
- - 0.00% 0.12% 0.00% 0.00%
0 - 0.00% 0.23% 24.68% 0.00%
6 - 0.00% 0.00% 24.11% 0.00%
- 0.01 37.36% 0.00% 0.00% 4.53%
4 - 0.45% 2.15% 8.34% 0.00%
9 - 0.00% 0.00% 99.98% 0.00%
1 - 5.61% 66.70% 4.53% 0.00%
2 0.14 2.44% 4.89% 15.12% 0.24%
97
Figure 31
CY 2015
98
Figure 32
CY 2015
99
Table 37
Summary of Built up Area Exposure to Storm Surge per Municipality, CY 2015
Province of Leyte
Exposure
Exposure Per- Percentage
Total Built up Exposed to Exposed to
centage of Built of Built up
MUNICIPALITY Classification Area Built up Area Built up Area
up Area within Area
(Sq. Km.) within HSA within MSA
HSA within
MSA
ABUYOG Built up Area 3.44 - 0.84 0.00% 24.42%
ALBUERA Built up Area 2.20 - 0.02 0.00% 0.88%
BAYBAY Built up Area 5.21 - 0.03 0.00% 0.62%
DULAG Built up Area 2.07 - 0.29 0.00% 14.18%
ISABEL Built up Area 2.92 - 0.24 0.00% 8.25%
LEYTE Built up Area 0.29 - 0.00 0.00% 0.05%
MACARTHUR Built up Area 0.89 - 0.01 0.00% 0.84%
MATALOM Built up Area 0.56 - 0.00 0.00% 0.25%
MAYORGA Built up Area 0.55 - 0.08 0.00% 14.20%
MERIDA Built up Area 0.79 - 0.10 0.00% 12.94%
ORMOC CITY Built up Area 6.87 - 0.04 0.00% 0.59%
PALO Built up Area 3.26 - 0.03 0.00% 0.78%
SAN ISIDRO Built up Area 0.27 - 0.00 0.00% 1.49%
TABANGO Built up Area 0.26 - 0.03 0.00% 11.39%
TACLOBAN CITY Built up Area 11.30 0.03 0.25 0.30% 2.19%
TANAUAN Built up Area 1.87 - 0.17 0.00% 8.93%
TOLOSA Built up Area 0.96 - 0.00 0.00% 0.17%
Total 43.71 0.03 2.13 0.08% 4.88%
100
10. ENVIRONMENT INVENTORY
Vulnerability to natural hazards and effects of Climate Change (falling under the
forestry or environment sector) is one of the major development issues embedded in
the PDPFP. With this concern, the vulnerability of the said sector to various impacts of
climate change was assessed; and based on the various sectors, the climate change
impact on forestry was initially identified and considered as the most relevant to the
Province of Leyte as the said sector falls under the environment and a priority area of
concern of the Province as identified in the PDPFP. The vulnerability to climate change
of the forestry sector was obtained by deriving the composite indices for the determinants
or indicators of vulnerability, namely: sensitivity, exposure and adaptive capacity. The
level of vulnerability of the sector to the given impact is expressed in five scales, namely:
Very High, High, Moderate, Low and Very Low which are assigned values from 1.0 (very
high) to 0.2 (very low impacts). The VI for forestry was computed using sub indicators
on slope and land use for sensitivity; erosion and extent of damage for exposure; and
reforestation for adaptive capacity that resulted to the VI mentioned earlier. (Please see
Table 39 on VI attached)
The values of the sub- indicators are weighted and summed. The final value derived
is the level of vulnerability of the sector with respect to the specific impact of climate
change. The more vulnerable is the ecosystem and human settlements, the greater is
the negative impacts of climate change.
The computation of the vulnerability index (VI) of the forestry sector using the vul-
nerability assessment procedure resulted that Abuyog and Burauen have VI ranging
from 0.8 to 0.87 and implies that the said areas have high vulnerability in terms of indi-
ces on sensitivity, exposure and adaptive capacity; 31 municipalities and the cities of
Baybay and Ormoc have moderate VI between 0.625 and 0.73 , and eight (8) munici-
palities and Tacloban City have low VI equivalent to 0.55 and 0.59 (Please see Table
40).
101
Table 38
Vulnerability Index, CY 2015
Forestry Sector
Extent of
Land Use_ Land Erosion _ flood E
Slope__R Slope_W
R Use _W R prone ar-
Sense_V
City/Municipality eas _ R
al
Sensitivity Sub-Indicators Exposure Sub-I
1. Baybay City 0.6 1 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.8 0.4

2. Ormoc City 0.6 1 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.8 0.8
3. Tacloban City 0.2 1 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.8
4. Abuyog 0.8 1 0.5 0.5 0.9 0.8 1
5. Alangalang 0.8 1 0.5 0.5 0.9 0.2 0.4
6. Albuera 0.6 1 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.2 0.6
7. Babatngon 0.4 1 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.2 0.6
8. Barugo 0.2 1 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.2 0.4
9. Bato 0.4 1 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.4
10. Burauen 0.8 1 0.5 0.5 0.9 0.4 1
11. Calubian 0.4 1 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.2 0.4
12. Capoocan 0.8 1 0.5 0.5 0.9 0.2 0.2
13. Carigara 0.4 1 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.4 0.6
14. Dagami 0.6 1 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.2 1
15. Dulag 0.2 1 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.2 0.8
16. Hilongos 0.4 1 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.4 0.4
17. Hindang 0.4 1 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.4 0.4
18. Inopacan 0.4 1 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.4 0.4
19. Isabel 0.6 1 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.4 0.4
20. Jaro 0.2 1 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.2 0.4
21. Javier 0.6 1 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.4 0.8
22. Julita 0.2 1 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.2 0.6
23. Kananga 0.6 1 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.4 0.2
24. La Paz 0.2 1 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.2 0.6
25. Leyte 0.2 1 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.2
26. MacArthur 0.2 1 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.2 0.8
27. Mahaplag 0.6 1 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.2 0.4
28. Matag-ob 0.6 1 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.2 0.4
29. Matalom 0.4 1 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.4 0.4
30. Mayorga 0.2 1 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.2 0.8
31. Merida 0.6 1 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.2 0.4
32. Palo 0.2 1 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.2 1
33. Palompon 0.6 1 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.2 0.4
34. Pastrana 0.2 1 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.2 0.8
35. San Isidro 0.6 1 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.4 0.4
36. San Miguel 0.4 1 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.4 0.8
37. Sta. Fe 0.2 1 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.2 0.8
38. Tabango 0.6 1 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.4 0.4
39. Tabontabon 0.2 1 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.2 0.8
40. Tanauan 0.2 1 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.2 0.8
41. Tolosa 0.2 1 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.2 0.6
42. Tunga 0.2 1 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.2 0.6
43. Villaba 0.6 1 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.4 0.4
Total
102
Extent of
Erosion flood Refo _ Refo_ Ad-
Sens_W Expo_W
_W prone R W Cap_W
Expo_ Ad- Vul_
areas _W Vul_Cat
Val Cap_Val Index
Adaptive Ca-
Indicators
pacity Sub-
0.5 0.5 0.4 0.8 1 0.8 0.35 0.35 0.3 0.66 Moderate
0.5 0.5 0.4 0.8 1 0.8 0.35 0.35 0.3 0.66 Moderate
0.5 0.5 0.2 0.8 1 0.8 0.35 0.35 0.3 0.52 Low
0.5 0.5 0.9 0.8 1 0.8 0.35 0.35 0.3 0.87 High
0.5 0.5 0.3 1 1 1 0.35 0.35 0.3 0.72 Moderate
0.5 0.5 0.4 1 1 1 0.35 0.35 0.3 0.72 Moderate
0.5 0.5 0.4 0.6 1 0.6 0.35 0.35 0.3 0.565 Low
0.5 0.5 0.3 0.8 1 0.8 0.35 0.35 0.3 0.555 Low
0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 1 0.6 0.35 0.35 0.3 0.6 Moderate
0.5 0.5 0.7 0.8 1 0.8 0.35 0.35 0.3 0.8 High
0.5 0.5 0.3 0.8 1 0.8 0.35 0.35 0.3 0.59 Low
0.5 0.5 0.2 0.8 1 0.8 0.35 0.35 0.3 0.625 Moderate
0.5 0.5 0.5 0.8 1 0.8 0.35 0.35 0.3 0.66 Moderate
0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 1 0.6 0.35 0.35 0.3 0.67 Moderate
0.5 0.5 0.5 0.8 1 0.8 0.35 0.35 0.3 0.625 Moderate
0.5 0.5 0.4 0.8 1 0.8 0.35 0.35 0.3 0.625 Moderate
0.5 0.5 0.4 0.8 1 0.8 0.35 0.35 0.3 0.625 Moderate
0.5 0.5 0.4 0.8 1 0.8 0.35 0.35 0.3 0.625 Moderate
0.5 0.5 0.4 0.8 1 0.8 0.35 0.35 0.3 0.66 Moderate
0.5 0.5 0.3 0.8 1 0.8 0.35 0.35 0.3 0.555 Low
0.5 0.5 0.6 0.8 1 0.8 0.35 0.35 0.3 0.73 Moderate
0.5 0.5 0.4 0.8 1 0.8 0.35 0.35 0.3 0.59 Low
0.5 0.5 0.3 0.8 1 0.8 0.35 0.35 0.3 0.625 Moderate
0.5 0.5 0.4 0.8 1 0.8 0.35 0.35 0.3 0.59 Low
0.5 0.5 0.3 0.8 1 0.8 0.35 0.35 0.3 0.555 Low
0.5 0.5 0.5 0.8 1 0.8 0.35 0.35 0.3 0.625 Moderate
0.5 0.5 0.3 0.8 1 0.8 0.35 0.35 0.3 0.625 Moderate
0.5 0.5 0.3 0.8 1 0.8 0.35 0.35 0.3 0.625 Moderate
0.5 0.5 0.4 0.8 1 0.8 0.35 0.35 0.3 0.625 Moderate
0.5 0.5 0.5 0.8 1 0.8 0.35 0.35 0.3 0.625 Moderate
0.5 0.5 0.3 0.8 1 0.8 0.35 0.35 0.3 0.625 Moderate
0.5 0.5 0.6 0.8 1 0.8 0.35 0.35 0.3 0.66 Moderate
0.5 0.5 0.3 0.8 1 0.8 0.35 0.35 0.3 0.625 Moderate
0.5 0.5 0.5 0.8 1 0.8 0.35 0.35 0.3 0.625 Moderate
0.5 0.5 0.4 0.8 1 0.8 0.35 0.35 0.3 0.66 Moderate
0.5 0.5 0.6 0.8 1 0.8 0.35 0.35 0.3 0.695 Moderate
0.5 0.5 0.5 0.8 1 0.8 0.35 0.35 0.3 0.625 Moderate
0.5 0.5 0.4 0.8 1 0.8 0.35 0.35 0.3 0.66 Moderate
0.5 0.5 0.5 0.8 1 0.8 0.35 0.35 0.3 0.625 Moderate
0.5 0.5 0.5 0.8 1 0.8 0.35 0.35 0.3 0.625 Moderate
0.5 0.5 0.4 0.8 1 0.8 0.35 0.35 0.3 0.59 Low
0.5 0.5 0.4 0.8 1 0.8 0.35 0.35 0.3 0.59 Low
0.5 0.5 0.4 0.8 1 0.8 0.35 0.35 0.3 0.66 Moderate
18.3
103
Figure 33
CY 2015
104
Table 39. Summary of Critical Point Facilities Exposure to Flood per Municipality
CY 2015
Total Count of Fa- Exposure Percent-

Type of Critical Exposed Point Fa-
MUNICIPAL cilities Municipal by age of Point Facili-
Point Facility cilities within HSA
Type ties within HSA
ORMOC CITY Airport 11 100.00%

TACLOBAN CITY (Capital) Airport 11 100.00%
Total 2.00 2.00 100.00%
ABUYOG Church 21 50.00%
ALANGALANG Church 22 100.00%
ALBUERA Church 33 100.00%
HINDANG Church 11 100.00%
MACARTHUR Church 11 100.00%
ORMOC CITY Church 11 100.00%
PALO Church 75 71.43%
TABANGO Church 11 100.00%
TANAUAN Church 11 100.00%
TOLOSA Church 22 100.00%
Total 21.00 18.00 85.71%
ABUYOG Hospital 22 100.00%
BAYBAY Hospital 33 100.00%
CARIGARA Hospital 22 100.00%
HILONGOS Hospital 22 100.00%
KANANGA Hospital 11 100.00%
MAYORGA Hospital 11 100.00%
ORMOC CITY Hospital 21 50.00%
PALO Hospital 22 100.00%
TACLOBAN CITY (Capital) Hospital 22 100.00%
TOLOSA Hospital 11 100.00%
Total 18.00 17.00 94.44%
105

ABUYOG School 15 11 73.33%
ALANGALANG School 11 3 27.27%
ALBUERA School 11 8 72.73%
BABATNGON School 13 1 7.69%
BARUGO School 8 5 62.50%
BATO School 3 3 100.00%
BAYBAY School 25 13 52.00%
BURAUEN School 5 2 40.00%
CALUBIAN School 9 4 44.44%

CAPOOCAN School 9 3 33.33%
CARIGARA School 10 9 90.00%
DAGAMI School 10 6 60.00%
DULAG School 6 4 66.67%

HILONGOS School 4 4 100.00%
HINDANG School 2 2 100.00%
INOPACAN School 7 3 42.86%
ISABEL School 5 4 80.00%
JARO School 8 1 12.50%
JAVIER (BUGHO) School 18 8 44.44%
JULITA School 1 1 100.00%
KANANGA School 11 5 45.45%
LA PAZ School 13 1 7.69%
LEYTE School 8 1 12.50%
MACARTHUR School 10 5 50.00%
MAHAPLAG School 3 2 66.67%

MATAG-OB School 2 2 100.00%
MAYORGA School 6 5 83.33%
MERIDA School 7 4 57.14%
106

ORMOC CITY School 28 7 25.00%

PALO School 13 11 84.62%
PALOMPON School 3 2 66.67%
PASTRANA School 8 1 12.50%
SAN ISIDRO School 3 1 33.33%
SAN MIGUEL School 7 1 14.29%
SANTA FE School 12 6 50.00%
TABANGO School 1 1 100.00%
TABONTABON School 2 1 50.00%
TACLOBAN CITY (Capital) School 23 12 52.17%
TANAUAN School 10 6 60.00%

TOLOSA School 10 9 90.00%
VILLABA School 4 1 25.00%
Total Total 364.00 179.00 49.18%
107
Figure 34
CY 2015
108
Figure 35
CY 2015
109
Table 40
Self-assessment on Disaster Risk Resiliency of the Province Using the
Hyogo Framework
Briefly describe the specific actions

Rating*
Parameters/Questions taken or presently being undertaken
(Mode)
with regards to the question being asked
1. a) Does the provincial government have an or- The Honorable Governor Carlos Jeri- 5
ganization and coordination in place to under- cho L. Petilla, through an Executive Or-
stand and reduce disaster risk, based on partici- der, has reorganized the Leyte Provin-
pation of citizen groups and civil society? cial Disaster Coordinating Council
(LPDCC) into the Leyte Disaster Risk
Reduction and Management Council
(LDRRMC)
b) Has the provincial government been able to Yes, the establishment of the Flood 5
build local alliances in DRRM? Early Warning System in some munici-
palities of the Province through the Op-
eration Center located at the Leyte Aca-
demic Center, Palo, Leyte
c) Do all the departments in the provincial govern- Yes 4
ment understand their role to disaster risk reduc-
tion and preparedness?
2. a) Does the provincial government have a Yes 5

budget for disaster risk reduction?
b) Does it provide incentives for homeowners, low Yes 4
‐income families, communities, businesses and
public sector to invest in reducing the risks they
face?
3. a) Does the provincial government maintain up Yes 5
‐to‐date data on hazards and vulnerabilities, pre-
pare risk assessments and use these as the ba-
sis for urban development plans and decisions?
b) Are these information and plans for the prov- Yes 4

ince’s resilience readily available to the public
and fully discussed with them?
4. Has the provincial government invested in and Yes 4
maintained critical infrastructure that reduces risk,
such as flood drainage, adjusted where needed
to cope with climate change?
5. Does the provincial government conduct an Yes 4

assessment of the safety of all schools and health
facilities and upgrade these as necessary?
6. a) Does the provincial government apply and Yes 4

enforce realistic, risk‐compliant building regula-
tions and land use planning principles?
b) Has the provincial government identified safe Yes 4
land for low‐income citizens and develop upgrad-
ing of informal settlements, wherever feasible?
110
Briefly describe the specific actions taken or

Rating*
Parameters/Questions presently being undertaken with regards to the
(Mode)
question being asked
7. Does the provincial government have in Yes 5
place education programs and training on
disaster risk reduction in schools and local
communities?
8. a) Does the provincial government pro- Yes, through the Municipal Comprehensive 5
tect its ecosystems and natural buffers to Land Use Plans (CLUPs) approved by the
mitigate floods, storm surges and other Sangguniang Panlalawigan of the Province of
hazards to which it may be vulnerable? Leyte
b) Does the provincial government adapt Yes 3

to climate change by building on good risk
reduction practices?
9. Does the provincial government have early Yes 5

warning systems and emergency manage-
ment capacities installed and hold regular
public preparedness drills?
10. a) Does the provincial government under- Yes 5

take reconstruction after any disaster?
b) Does it ensure that the needs of the survi- Yes 5

vors are placed at the centre of reconstruction
with support also coming from their commu-
nity organizations to design and help imple-
ment responses, including rebuilding homes
and livelihoods?
Rating: 5 – Highly satisfactory; 4 – Moderately satisfactory; 3 –Fairly satisfactory; 2 – Poorly satisfac-
tory; and 1 – Unsatisfactory
The Checklist builds on the priorities identified in the Hyogo Framework for Action 2005‐2015:
Building the Resilience of Nations and Communities to Disasters ‐ www.unisdr.org/hfa
d natural buffers to mitigate floods, storm surges and other hazards to which it may be vulnerable?
111
Table 41
Assessment of Provincial Institutional Capacity to Implement LGU Mandates under the
Climate Change Act (RA 9729)
Briefly describe the actions Com-

Mandates for Provincial LGUs taken or being undertaken with pliance
regards to the mandate Rating
Provide technical assistance, enforcement and in- Provision of technical assistance 5
formation management in support of municipal and to municipalities in the preparation
city climate change action plans. of their Municipal Disaster Plans
Conduct Inter-local government unit collaboration in Coordination meeting with the 5

the conduct of climate- related activities. MPDCs and MLGOOs of the mu-
nicipalities of the Province of Leyte
Allocate from their annual appropriations adequate Review of the Annual Budget of 5
funds for the formulation, development and imple- the municipalities by the Local Fi-
mentation, including training, capacity building and nance Committee of the Province
direct intervention, of their respective climate of Leyte
change programs and plans.
Conduct public awareness campaigns on the ef- Through the Operation Center of 5
fects of climate change and energy-saving solutions the Binahaan River Local Flood
to mitigate these effects, and initiatives, through Early Warnng System (BRLFEWS)
educational and training programs and micro-credit
schemes, especially for women in rural areas.
Rating: 5 – Fully met; 4 – Moderately met; 3 – Fairly met; 2 – Poorly met; and 1 – Not yet met
112
Table 42
Assessment of Provincial Institutional Capacity to Implement LGU Mandates under the
Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act (RA 10121)
Mandates for Provincial LGUs Briefly describe the actions Complia-

taken or being undertaken with nce
regard to the mandate Rating
Establish an LDRRMO which shall be responsible for Reorganization of the Leyte Provincial 5
setting the direction, development, implementation and Disaster Coordinating Council
coordination of disaster risk management programs (LPDCC) into the Leyte Disaster Risk
Reduction and Management Council
(LDRRMC)
Organize, train and directly supervise the local emer- Conduct of Planning Workshop at- 5
gency response teams tended by the members of the
PDRMMC and its Technical Working
Group
Design, program, and coordinate disaster risk reduction Preparation of the Provincial Disaster 5
and management activities consistent with the National Risk Reduction Management
Council's standards and guidelines (PDRRM) Plan and the Flood Contin-
gency Plan of the Province of Leyte for
CY 2012
Facilitate and support risk assessments and contingency Provision of technical assistance 5
planning activities at the local level through workshops in preparing
MDRRMPs
Consolidate local disaster risk information which in- Preparation of GIS generated hazard 5
cludes natural hazards, vulnerabilities, and climate maps
change risks, and maintain a local risk map
Organize and conduct training, orientation, and knowl- Active participation in planning work- 5
edge management activities on disaster risk reduction shops at the various levels called
and management at the local level DILG, NEDA, OCD, PHIVOLCS, GIZ
and other partners
Operate a multl-hazard early warning system, linked to Monitoring of the Binahaan River Lo- 5
disaster risk reduction to provide accurate and timely cal Flood Early Warnng System
advice to national or local emergency response or- (BRLFEWS) Through the Operation
ganizations and to the general public, through diverse Center located at the Leyte Academic
mass media, particularly radio, landline communications, Center, Palo, Leyte
and technologies for communication within rural com-
munities
Formulate and implement a comprehensive and - Implementation of the legitimized 5
integrated LDRRMP in accordance with the national, PDRRMP of the Province of Leyte
regional and provincial framework, and policies on disas-
ter risk reduction in close coordination with the local de-
velopment councils (LDCs)
Prepare and submit to the local Sanggunian through the Inclusion in the Province’s Annual 5
LDRRMC and the LDC the annual LDRRMO Plan and Budget and Annual Investment Plan
budget, the proposed programming of the LDRRMF, (AIP)
other dedicated disaster risk reduction and management
resources, and other regular funding source/s and budg-
etary support of the LDRRMO /BDRRMC
Conduct continuous disaster monitoring and mobilize Active participation in the M and E 5
instrumentalities and entities of the LGUs, CSOs, private functions as provided for in the
groups and organized volunteers, to utilize their facilities PDRRMC
and resources for the protection and preservation of life
and properties during emergencies in accordance with
existing policies and procedures
113
Briefly describe the actions Complia-

Mandates for Provincial LGUs taken or being undertaken with nce
regard to the mandate Rating
Identify, assess and manage the hazards. vulner- DRVA identified through the 5
abilities and risks that may occur in their locality preparation of hazard given to mu-
nicipalities through the DILG
Disseminate information and raise public aware- OPCEN on Flood Early Warning 5
ness about those hazards. vulnerabilities and risks, System fully operationalyzed
their nature, effects, early warning signs and
counter-measures
Identify and implement cost-effective risk reduction Strategies are included in 5
measures/strategies; MDRRM Plans
Maintain a database of human resource, equip- A priority concern in planning 3
ment, directories, and location of critical infrastruc-
tures and their capacities such as hospitals and
evacuation centers
Develop, strengthen and operationalize mecha- Networking and linkaging with 4
nisms for partnership or networking with the private communities and CSOs
sector, CSOs, and volunteer groups
Take all necessary steps on a continuing basis to Conduct of continuing capacity 5
maintain, provide, or arrange the provision of, or to building activities on DRR and
otherwise make available, suitably-trained and com- CCA
petent personnel for effective civil defense and dis-
aster risk reduction and management in its area
Organize, train, equip and supervise the local emer- For consideration in immediate 3
gency response teams and the ACDVs ensuring planning and development under-
that humanitarian aid workers are equipped with takings
basic skills to assist mothers to breastfeed
Prepare and submit, through the LDRRMC and the This is being done . COA is pro- 5
LDC, the report on the utilization of the LDRRMF vided reports and DRRM Plan
and other dedicated disaster risk reduction and
management resources to the local Commission on
Audit (COA), copy furnished the regional director of
the OCD and the Local Government Operations Of-
ficer of the DILG
Respond to and manage the adverse effects of The Province has created and ad 5
emergencies and carry out recovery activities in the hoc Team to undertake crisis and
affected area, ensuring that there is an efficient risk management
mechanism for immediate delivery of food, shelter
and medical supplies for women and children, en-
deavour to create a special place where internally-
displaced mothers can find help with breastfeeding,
feed and care for their babies and give support to
each other
Within its area, promote and raise public awareness The SP has enacted appropriate 5
of and compliance with the DRRM Act and legisla- ordinances on this concerns
tive provisions relevant to the purpose of this Act
Serve as the secretariat and executive arm of the PDRRMO Staff 5
LDRRMC
114
Briefly describe the actions Compli-

Mandates for Provincial LGUs taken or being undertaken with ance
regards to the mandate Rating
Coordinate other disaster risk reduction and man- Conduct of coordination efforts 4
agement activities with agencies concerned
Establish linkage/network with other LGUs for dis- Networking and linkaging with 5
aster risk reduction and emergency response pur- LGUs and agencies in place
poses
Recommend through the LDRRMC the enactment Appropriate ordinances and poli- 5
of local ordinances consistent with the require- cies are being enacted by the
ments of this Act Sanggunian
Implement policies, approved plans and programs PPAs provided in approved plans 5
of the LDRRMC consistent with the policies and are implemented and monitored
guidelines laid down in this Act
Establish a Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction and Operationalization of the Disaster 5
Management Operations Center Action Response Team of the
Province and the OpCen on
floods
Prepare and submit, through the LDRRMC and the The COA is being provided re- 4
LDC, the report on the utilization of the LDRRMF ports and relevant information
and other dedicated disaster risk reduction and needs
management resources to the local Commission
on Audit (COA), copy furnished the regional direc-
tor of the OCD and the Local Government Opera-
tions Officer of the DILG
Encourage community, specifically the youth, par- The youth are being involved on 4
ticipation in disaster risk reduction and manage- DRR related concerns
ment activities, such as organizing quick response
groups, particularly in identified disaster-prone ar-
eas, as well as the inclusion of disaster risk reduc-
tion and management programs as part of the SK
programs and projects
Monitor and evaluate the use and disbursement of A report is being prepared regu- 4
the LDRRMF based on the LDRRMP as incorpo- larly
rated in the local development plans and annual
work and financial plan
Rating: 5 – Fully met; 4 – Moderately met; 3 – Fairly met; 2 – Poorly met; and 1 – Not yet met
115
4 OVERALL PHYSICAL FRAMEWORK
1. Settlements Component
In CY 2015, Tacloban City, the capital of the Province of Leyte and Region VIII, was
the most densely populated area in Leyte with a population density of 2,399 persons per
square kilometer as illustrated in Table 3. By CY 2022, the city will have a population den-
sity of 2,723 persons per square kilometer. By then, the total projected population will be
274,734, while Ormoc City, the second highest populated area will have a projected popu-
lation of 253,466. Consequently, 25% of the Leyte’s total population will be concentrated in
the cities of Tacloban and Ormoc.
Among the municipalities/city, Baybay had the most number of residents at 109,432
(5.10% of the Province of Leyte’s total population) per CY 2015 census. Other populous
towns with a population of more than 50,000 in CY 2015 are Palompon, Hilongos, Abuyog
and Palo.
The population within the growth corridor that connects the cities of Ormoc and Taclo-
ban (which includes the municipalities of Palo, Sta. Fe, Alangalang, Jaro, Barugo, Tunga,
Carigara, Capoocan, Kananga, Merida, Isabel and including Tanauan as the expansion
area of Tacloban City) added up to a total population of 817,891 in CY 2015 or 47.50% of
the total population of the Province. In CY 2022, almost one-half (919,667 population) or
49.38% of the total population is expected to live in this growth corridor. The population
density in this corridor will be 554 persons per square kilometer (Table 4).
The most densely populated municipalities in CY 2015 with a density of more than 600
persons per square kilometer were Dulag, Palo, Tanauan and Tolosa which is attributable
to their proximity to Tacloban City, a growth center (Table 4). In CY 2022, the population
density of these four (4) municipalities is projected to be more than 800 persons per square
kilometer.
The city of Tacloban as a highly urbanized city is envisioned to be a secondary metro-

politan center in CY 2022 the same with Ormoc City from small/medium city to secondary
metropolitan center and Baybay as a small city from a large town.
The municipality of Palo will continue to be large town and is envisioned to be more de-
veloped because of the Leyte ICoT (Information and Communication Technology) Park, a
PEZA-accredited zone intended for locators interested to establish Business Process Out-
sourcing (BPO) and Information Technology Sourcing (ITS).
116
Figure 36
CY 2015
117
2. Protection Component
The current situation of the use of the protected areas in the Province of Leyte is such
that it is wanting of policy guidelines that would be able to achieve environmental stability
and ecological integrity. All the declared NIPAS and non-NIPAS areas, including hazard-
prone areas, need to be protected to avoid the ill effects of disasters and calamities to peo-
ple and properties within the hazard-prone areas.
Addressing the physical planning issues and concerns within the protection areas of
the Province has been considered a priority in its Environment and Rural Development
(EnRD) Program wherein the Disaster Risk Management (DRM) Project, among others, is
one of the several project components being implemented in pilot municipalities in coopera-
tion with the German Agency for International Cooperation (GIZ). Under this program, dis-
aster mitigation and risk management, to include advocacy and information campaigns on
the values of disaster preparedness and the effects of climate change in communities,
have been implemented. Under the EnRD Program, conflict resolution within protection ar-
eas and the use of resources on protection areas are considered in municipalities and in
areas wherein activities and initiatives on Community Based Forest Management (CBFM)
strategy and Integrated Social Forestry (ISF) initiatives are implemented.
Three (3) of the 10 proclaimed protected areas under the NIPAS in Region 8 are lo-
cated in the Province of Leyte, namely: (1) Mahagnao Natural Park (635 hectares) in Bu-
rauen and La Paz., (2) Lake Danao Natural Park (2,193 hectares) in Ormoc City, and (3)
Cuatro Islas Protected Landscape/Seascape (35,000 hectares) in Inopacan and Hindang.
There are however other protected areas being proposed for proclamation under the
NIPAS Law, namely: (1) Palompon Protected Landscape (5,147 hectares) in Palompon,
Matag-ob and Villaba; (2) MacArthur Landing Memorial National Park (14 hectares) in Palo,
(3) Lake Bito Protected Landscape (527 hectares) in MacArthur, (4) Bito Watershed Pro-
tected Landscape (12,148 hectares) in Abuyog, Javier and MacArthur, (5) Ormoc-Merida
Wildlife Sanctuary (984 hectares) in Ormoc City and Merida, (6) Tunga Watershed Forest
Reserve (1,127 hectares) in Tunga, Jaro and Kananga, (7) Baybay Watershed Forest Re-
serve (1,127 hectares) in Baybay, (8) Babatngon-San Miguel Forest Reserve (10,580 hec-
tares) in Babatngon and San Miguel, (9) Kuapnit-Balinsasayao Protected Landscape (364
hectares) in Mahaplag and Baybay, (10) Mt. Amandewing Ranges Protected Landscape
(5,250 hectares) in Jaro, (11) Mt. Pangasugan Ranges Protected Landscape (3,855 hec-
tares) in Baybay, and (12) Salug Watershed Protected Landscape (9,239 hectares in
Inopacan, Hindang and Hilongos (please refer to Figure 14 – National Integrated Protection
Areas System (NIPAS) Map).
Under the non-NIPAs category, there are 30,707 hectares of second growth forest
which are above 1,000-meter elevation or slopes above 50%; the mangrove forest reserves
of 26,205 hectares located at the Sakay Point to Calunayan Point in Merida, at Puertobello
to Lao in Merida and at Barangays Uban and Bagahupi in Babatngon; and the buffer strips
along rivers and escarpments of 2,143.00 hectares (including freshwater swamps and
marshes) consisting of 9,076 hectares.
118
3. Production Component
Under the production component, direct and indirect utilization of land resources for
crop production, fishery, livestock and poultry production, timber production, agro forestry,
mining, industry and tourism is the main objective of the production land use component.
All lands in the Province falling under this category are the following: (1) agricultural areas,
(2) coastal and marine zones, (3) production forests, (4) mineral lands, and (5) tourism and
industrial areas.
Thus, in the formulation of plans and policies pertaining to the aforesaid category, pro-
jects and productive activities that would meet the province’s requirement for economic
growth have to be taken into account. Basically, the Province still needs to further provide
the basic infrastructure support that would link production areas to other land uses and im-
plement the Strategic Agriculture and Fisheries Development Zones (SAFDZs) in existing
expansion and production areas.
The basic consideration would be to determine the most efficient and equitable man-
ner of utilizing and managing the Province’s land resources in order to promote sustainable
food production, forest and mineral extraction, industry and tourism, without sacrificing the
basic needs of the population. Therefore, food security, levels of production and productiv-
ity, industrialization plans and environmental impact have to be considered in planning for
production.
4. Transport/Infrastructure Component
Under the PDPFP, the province’s infrastructure component shall consider appropriate
physical link in order to provide adequate support systems vis-à-vis the overall production,
protection and settlements components. Doing so would entail a comprehensive planning
on the various sub-sectors, namely: (1) roads and transportation, (2) communications, (3)
airports and seaports, (4) water resources, (5) other utility and social infrastructure facilities.
These sub-sectors should be able to provide basic services, promote economic integration
for production to satisfy the basic needs of the Leyteños in an efficient, responsive, safe and
ecologically built environment.
The PDPFP’s policy guidelines under the infrastructure component shall therefore be
geared towards the strategic role of infrastructure; food security; protection and disaster
mitigation; and local and private sector participation in planning, implementation, monitoring
and evaluation and management .
119
Figure 37
CY 2015
120
5 POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS
Policy Recommendation Responsible Agency
Grant soft loans to farmers with a minimal interest fee Department of Agriculture
Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic
Encourage investment in agri-fishery processing technolo- Resources
gies and infrastructure facilities Department of Trade and
Industry
Encourage the use of organic fertilizer
Enhance access to high quality seeds and genetic materi-

als
Provision of alternative livelihood and/or supplemental

livelihood
Include tourism development of the as one of the priorities Department of Tourism

of local government units Department of the Interior and
Local Government
Improvement of infrastructure support facilities Department of Public Works and
Highways
Promote the Province of Leyte as the Eastern Visayas Regional Development Council
ICT hub National Economic and
Development Authority
Improve the enforcement of zoning ordinances by munici- Municipal Local Government

pal local government units Units
Enforce policy to regulate aquaculture industry to protect Housing and Land Use
mangroves Regulatory Board
Enforce policy on easement Department of the Environment

and Natural Resources
Review the Building Code
Fast-track land use planning of municipalities Municipal Local Government

Units
Housing and Land Use

Regulatory Board
121
6 DEVELOPMENT ISSUES, GOALS,
OBJECTIVES AND TARGETS
Development Issues Goal Objectives/Targets
Low agricultural Improve productivity To increase annual average income of

productivity families
Increase family
income To reduce poverty incidence from 23.6% to 9.0%
Reduce poverty
Incidence
Vulnerability to Protect the To implement appropriate ecological solid waste man-

natural hazards and population from agement practices in at least 90% of the municipal
effects of Climate natural disasters and local government units
Change (CC) capacitate prepared-
ness on climate
change
Under developed Develop tourism To generate income from tourism industry

tourism potentials industry without
jeopardizing the To generate jobs through tourism
ecosystem
To encourage existing tourism-related enterprises to
increase their capacity and to offer more products
and services
To increase investments by at least 10% annually

Unregulated use of land Sustain a healthy To properly manage five (5) critical water sheds and
and marine resources ecosystem protected areas
To maintain/rehabilitate critical mangrove areas
To delineate municipal waters
To increase the forest cover from 11.5% to 25%
To promote, develop, protect and rationalize viable

small scale mining activities
Critical infrastructure Efficient infrastructure To provide efficient infrastructure facilities and utilities
facilities in the Prov- facilities and
ince (government of- utilities To improve road development and management
fices, housing facili-
ties, airport, churches,
hospitals schools and
other structures)
are located within the
highly susceptible
flooding areas
122
7 STRATEGIES
Development Issues Strategies
Low agricultural productivity

 Modernize agriculture and fisheries
 Encourage investment in agri-fishery processing technologies and
infrastructure facilities
 Agricultural Infrastructure Support Program
 Unify Research and Development (R&D)
 Encourage the use of organic fertilizer
 Enhance access to high quality seeds and genetic materials
 Enhance communication
 Training and extension
 To collectively and effectively implement agrarian reform and
sound rural development and industrialization
 Implement sustainable/resilient rural based livelihood recovery
projects
Vulnerability to natural  Updating of existing database and information system

hazards and effects of Climate
Change (CC)
 Conduct advocacy and training activities
 Tap ODA as window for development funds
 Implement RA 10121 or the Disaster Management Act of 2010
 Establish policies support, incentives and recognition
 Activate and strengthen the Provincial Solid Waste Management
Board (PSWMB)
 Prepare disaster preparedness plan at the provincial and
municipal levels
 Establish and implement an Environmental Management System
 Reduce environmental impact of disasters
 Availability of funds in conformity with the DRRM Plan.
 Develop and implement environment friendly practices such as
tree planting, waste segregation and the like
 Adopt greening program
 Conduct environmental assessment
123
Issues Strategies
Vulnerability to natural  Adopt technology on rainwater harvesting (ferrocement tank)

hazards and effects of Climate
Change (CC)  Conduct Environmental Impact Assessment
 Conduct Post-Disaster EIA
 Monitor the implementation of activities
 Develop and implement environment friendly practices such as

tree planting, waste segregation and the like
 Adopt greening program
 Conduct environmental assessment
 Adopt technology on rainwater harvesting (ferrocement tank)
 Conduct Environmental Impact Assessment
 Conduct Post-Disaster EIA
 Monitor the implementation of activities

\
Under developed tourism  Make tourism development one of the priorities of local govern-
potentials ment units (LGUs)
 Implement the cluster approach
 Encourage tourism development in municipalities
 Provide technical assistance to municipalities in the preparation

of Municipal Tourism Master Plans
 Implement One-Town-One-Product (OTOP) that promotes tour-

ism
 Professionalize and strengthen tourism- allied services sub-

sectors like transport services, home-stay operators, medical ser-
vices providers and others in order to upgrade overall competi-
tiveness of the tourism industry sector vis-à-vis competitors from
other regions
 Social preparation and mobilization
 Networking with other provinces
 Wellness tourism
 Information management
 Ensure security of tourists
 Improvement of infrastructure support facilities
124
Development Issues Strategies
Unregulated use of land and

marine resources  Establish database on ecosystem
 Re-activate/strengthen Protected Area Management

Boards (PAMBs)
 Conduct watershed characterization
 Tap Coastal Fisheries Resource Management (CFRM)

studies of development institutions on the delineation of
municipal waters
 Conduct Behavioral Change Communication (BCC)
 Improve the enforcement of zoning ordinances by munici-

pal local government units
 Regulate land utilization
 Regulate land conversion from agricultural land to other

uses and from forest land to agricultural lands and non-
agricultural uses
 Strict implementation of the Environmental Code of the
Province of Leyte and all other related environmental laws,
rules and policies
 Strictly enforce Republic Act No. 7076 (People’s Small
Scale Mining Act of 1991)
 Strict enforcement and implementation of the laws and poli-

cies on easements, setbacks and buffer zones on rivers,
streams, forest areas, shores of the seas and lakes
 Review of the “no build zone” policy by agencies concerned

and stakeholders
Critical infrastructure facilities in the  Find more suitable or less constrained areas for
Province (government offices, hous- settlements development
ing facilities, airport, churches,
hospitals schools and other struc-  Build flood resistant houses and buildings
tures) are located within the highly  Reforest mangrove areas and beach vegetation
susceptible flooding areas
 Move back existing facilities inland away from foreshore
areas
 Implement laws and policies on easement of coastal areas
 Retrofit hospital buildings to be flood proofed or flood
resistant
 Improve drainage capacity in localities where hospitals and
other lifeline infrastructure are located
 Build new hospitals in sites safe from hazards
125
8 PROGRAMS, PROJECTS AND ACTIVITIES
The programs, projects and activities (PPAs) in this Chapter were identified following
the National Framework Strategy on Climate Change as presented below (Figure 37). This
serves as a template in the identifying PPAs on climate change adaptation, mitigation and cross
cutting measures.
Figure 38
National Framework Strategy on Climate Change
126
Issues/ Goals Objectives/ Strategies Programs/Projects/Activities (PPAs)
Problems Targets
Low Improve To increase  Increase Production  High Value Commercial Crops

agricultural produc- productivity of Raw Materials to Development Program
productivity tivity level of ma- Support Existing Agri  Village Level/Commercial
and in- jor food and
crease industrial
-based Industries  Agribusiness Enterprise on High
income crops Value Vegetables and Fruit crops
of farm-  Yellow Corn Production
ers and  Abaca Rehabilitation and Expansion
fisher Program
folk  Leyte Abaca Tissue Culture Labo-
ratory
 Abaca Disease Mitigation and
Management Project
To under-  Tap the Philippine  Animal Health Program
take 3,360 Veterinary Medical  Animal health mission through
a n i m a l Association-Eastern people’s caravan in areas with
health mis- Visayas Chapter occurrence of animal diseases
sion in the (PVMA-EV), Philip-
different pine Society of Ani-
barangays mal Science (PSAS),
of the mu- Visayas State Uni-
nicipalities versity (VSU), drug
in order to companies and
minimize NGOs on veterinary-
the loss of related Services
animals
due to dis-  Participate in the
eases People’s Caravan of
the Province of Leyte
To prevent
outbreaks  Conduct vaccination,
of the six defluking, treatment
(6) priority and vitamin and min-
animal dis- eral supplementation
eases and
reduce the  Conduct IEC and
morbidity upgrade the technical
and mortal- capability of Munici-
ity of pal Agricultural Tech-
livestock nologist (ATs) for
and poultry Animal Health
by 5% per
year using
the mean  Establish animal
average health centers in
number of strategic locations
morbidity
and  Undertake veterinary
mortality quarantine measures
from to regulate move-
ment of animals com-
ing from other re-
gions and provinces
and monitor stock-
yards
127
Issues/ Goals Objectives/ Strategies Programs/Projects/Activities
Problems Targets (PPAs)
Low Accelerate To provide  Encourage  Integrated Agricultural and Fishery

agricultural economic and sustain investment in Processing Facilities Program
productivity develop- s u p p o r t agri-fishery
ment for all mechanism in processing
 Establishment of Agri-Fishery Proc-
at sustain- the agri- essing and Marketing Center
technologies
able level fishery sector and infrastruc-
ture facilities  Agricultural Infrastructure Support
 Agricultural Program
Infrastructure  Construction/Rehabilitation of Farm
Support Pro- to Market Roads
gram  Farm Mechanization Project
 Small Irrigation Development
Project
Ensure To increase  Unify Re-  Agricultural Productivity Research

Food Se- prod uc ti v it y search and and Development Program
curity and produc- Development  Community-based Participatory
tion (R&D) Action Research (CPAR)
 Enhancing Productivity of Crops
and Livestock through Diversified
and Integrated Farming System
- Palay Check System
- Palayaman Farm Models
- Location Specific Technology
Development on Rainfed Rice
- Rural Enterprise Development
Project Through Innovative
Goat
Production System
(RED Project)
- Fishery Research and
Development Project
 Encourage the  Organic Fertilizer Production
use of organic Program
fertilizer  Modified Rapid Composting
(Balanced Fertilization in Rice
Production)
 Vermi Composting Project
To provide  Enhance  Seeds and Plant Material Produc-
greater off- access to high tion and Distribution Program
farm employ- quality seeds  Provincial Plant Nursery and
ment and genetic Propagation Center
materials  Palay Seed Production Project
 Enhance  Techno Gabay Program
access to high  FITS Center
quality seeds - Information services
and Genetic - Technology services
materials
 Science and Technology-based
Magsasaka Siyentista (MS)
 Information Communications
Technology (ICT)
- Web Inter-Connectivity
- FITS Databases
128
Issues/ Goals Objectives/ Strategies Programs/Projects/
Problems Targets Activities (PPAs)
Vulnerability Protect the To imple-  Establish and implement

 Reforestation
to natural population ment appro- an Environmental Man-
hazards from priate eco- agement System  Watershed rehabilitation
and effects natural logical solid  Waste segregation
of Climate disasters waste man-  Solid waste and water waste
Change and ca- agement facility
(CC) pacitate practices in  IEC campaigns on solid
prepared- at least 90%
wastes management
ness on of the mu-
climate nicipal local  Capacity building of LGUs
change government
units
Unregulated Sustain a To properly  Establish database on  Watershed rehabilitation

use of land healthy manage ecosystem
and marine ecosystem five (5)  Disaster risk reduction and
resources critical wa-  Re-activate/strengthen management (DRRM) and
ter sheds Protected Area Manage- Climate change adaptation
and pro- ment Boards (PAMBs) (CCC) trainings
tected ar-
eas  Conduct watershed char-  Planting of appropriate tree
acterization species along river banks
To maintain/
rehabilitate  Tap Coastal Fisheries  River protection and em-
critical man- Resource Management bankment
grove areas (CFRM) studies of devel-
opment institutions on
To deline- the delineation of munici-  Siltation and dredging
ate pal waters
municipal
waters  Advocacy on Behavioral  Watershed rehabilitation
Change Communication
(BCC)
To increase
 Improve the enforcement  Disaster risk reduction and
of zoning ordinances by management (DRRM) and
the forest
municipal local govern- Climate change adaptation
cover from
ment units (CCA) trainings
11.5% to
25%  Regulate land utilization
 Planting of appropriate tree
 Regulate land conver- species along river banks
sion from agricultural
land to other uses and  River protection and em-
from forest land to agri- bankment
cultural lands and non-
agricultural uses  Siltation and dredging
 Strict implementation of
 Flood early warning sys-
the Environmental Code
tems (FEWS) and drills
To promote, of the Province of Leyte
develop, and all other related envi-
protect and ronmental laws, rules
rationalize and policies
viable small
scale min-
 Strictly enforce Republic
Act No. 7076 (People’s
ing activi-
Small Scale Mining Act of
ties
1991)
129
Issues/ Goals Objectives/ Strategies Programs/Projects/
Problems Targets Activities (PPAs)
Critical infra- Efficient To provide  Find more suitable or

 Infrastructure development
structure infrastruc- efficient less constrained areas
program
facilities in ture facili- infrastruc- for settlements
the Prov- development
ince
ties and ture facili-  Concreting of provincial/
utilities ties and barangay road
(governme Efficient utilities  Build flood resistant
nt offices, infrastruc- houses and buildings
housing ture facili- To improve
facilities,  Resurfacing of provincial/
airport,
ties and road devel-  Reforest mangrove areas barangays roads
utilities opment and and beach vegetation
churches, manage-
hospitals  Road cement stabiliza-
schools
ment  Move back existing facili- tion project
and other ties inland away from
structures) foreshore areas  Construction of roads
are located and bridges leading to
within the  Implement laws and poli- growth centers
highly sus- cies on easement of
ceptible coastal areas  Purchase of brand new
flooding equipment
areas  Retrofit hospital buildings
to be flood proofed or  Purchase of material
flood resistant testing apparatus and
equipment
 Improve drainage capac-
ity in localities where  Rehabilitation of motor
hospitals and other life- pool
line infrastructure are
located
 Build new hospitals in

sites safe from hazards
130
8 IMPLEMENTATION, MONITORING AND
EVALUATION
The implementation of the updated DRR-CCA enhanced PDPFP emanates from the
endorsement by the Provincial Development Council (PDC) to the Sangguniang Panlalawi-
gan (SP) for adoption and ratification. The PPAs identified are included in the PDIP over a
six-year period wherein the yearly slices are reflected in the Annual Investment Program
(AIP).
As regards the actual monitoring on the implementation of the PPAs, this shall be done
by the Provincial Project Monitoring Committee (PPMC) of the Province of Leyte, in coordina-
tion with the implementing national government agencies, the municipal local government
units concerned and the private sector. Indicators and tools shall utilize the Results-Based
Monitoring and Evaluation (RBME).
Meanwhile, the Provincial Governor, in answer to a DILG Memorandum Circular, has

issued Executive Order No. 10-001, Series of 2017 on October 11, 2017 creating the Provin-
cial Project Monitoring Committee (PPMC).
131
Provincial Planning and Development Office Ag
2nd Floor, Justice Wing, Provincial Capitol
Sen. Enage Street, Tacloban City

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Table of Contents

CHAPTER 3. PLANNING ENVIRONMENT 4

CHAPTER 4. OVERALL PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT FRAMEWORK 117

CHAPTER 5. POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS 122

CHAPTER 6. GOALS, OBJECTIVES AND TARGETS 123

CHAPTER 7. STRATEGIES 124

CHAPTER 8. PROGRAMS, PROJECTS AND ACTIVITIES 127

CHAPTER 9. IMPLEMENTATION, MONITORING AND EVALUATION 132

Greetings! I wish to present to you the updated Disaster Risk Reduction/Climate

Furthermore, this updated Plan is aligned with the national government’s

As your Provincial Governor, it is my earnest dream to achieve generational

LEOPOLDO DOMINICO L. PETILLA

1. THE HISTORY OF LEYTE

The Province of Leyte is one of the country’s historic provinces. The

2. OBJECTIVES AND CONTEXT OF THE ENHANCED PDPFP

The preparation of the Enhanced PDPFP is in accordance with the Provincial/Local

The objectives of the PDPFP are as follows:

1. To provide the Vision Statement of the Province of Leyte;

The enhanced PDPFP is a six-year (2017-2022) medium-term development plan contain-

4. OUTLINE OF THE PLAN

2 Vision A progressive province of Leyte with an empowered people

1. LOCATION, LAND AREA AND POLITICAL SUBDIVISION

AREA AREA 2015 2015

District I 758.60 13.28 511,031 674

Kilometer distance from Tacloban City

2.1 Population Growth: Province

2.2 Population Growth and Density: Cities and Municipalities

2.3.1 Criteria for Hierarchy of Centers

The hierarchies of existing urban centers are categorized according to

Another consideration is the measure of the overall accessibility taking

Leyte 1,567,984 1,724,679 38.84% 1.92 274 302 5,712.80 25.47

Southern Leyte 399,137 9.50% 1.11 222 235 1,797.20 8.01

Biliran 161,760 171,612 3.87% 1.19 302 320 536.00 2.39

Samar 733,377 17.58% 1.25 121 129 6,048.00 26.97

Eastern Samar 428,877 9.98% 1.72 92 101 4,640.70 20.69

Northern 589,013 14.24% 1.43 159 171 3,692.90 16.47

Region VIII 4,101,322 80.31% 2.73 173 198 22,427.60 100.00

2.3.2 2015 Hierarchy of Centers

2.3.3 2022 Trend Hierarchy of Centers

Total 1,789,158 1,966,768 100.00 100.00 313 344 5,712.80 100.00

APGR PGR EST

1. Primary Metropolitan International production  International port, airport + 1,000,001

2. Secondary Metropolitan International production  International port, airport 250,001 – 1,000,000

3. Small/Medium City International production  International port, airport 100,001 -250,000

4. Large Town Inter-regional center  Specialist medical 50,000 - 100,000

5. Medium Town Provincial services  Comprehensive 25,001 – 50,000

6. Small Town Small agri-processing  Entertainment 2,500 – 25,000

1. Primary Metropolitan Center - + 1,000,000

3. Small/Medium City Ormoc City, Tacloban City and 100,001 - 250,000

4. Large Town Alangalang, Palo, Tanauan, 50,001 - 100,000

5. Medium Town Babatngon, Barugo, Capoocan, 25,001 - 50,000

6. Small Town San Miguel, Sta. Fe, Tolosa, 2,500 - 25,000

1. Primary Metropolitan - + 1,000,000

2. Secondary Tacloban City 250,001 - 2.3

3. Small/Medium City Baybay City 100,001 - 4.6

4. Large Town Abuyog, Alangalang, 50,001 - 13.95

5. Medium Town Babatngon, Barugo, Bato, 25,001 - 50,000 46.51

6. Small Town Hindang, Inopacan, Julita, 2,500 - 25,000 33.54

ROLES AND FUNCTIONS

In-migration area (growth center) Extension of human resource devel-

Settlement area not only for present

Light and medium industrial zone

Secondary Center for education Built-up industrial functions due to PIC

Gateway to Cebu City and other Improved port facilities to support