THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD

Hints of Globalization found in the story of Gio and Latif

1. The spread of Filipino TV into Malaysia
2. The international competition
3. The preservation of Gio and Latif’s friendship through Facebook
4. The places mentioned (Sydney and Singapore)
5. Cultural exchange (food, etc.)

Arjun Appadurai’s Five Scapes of Globalization:

1. Ethnoscape (flow of people)
2. Mediascape (flow of culture)
3. Technoscape (flow of technology)
4. Financescape (flow of money)
5. Ideoscape (flow of ideas)

Popular Definitions of Globalization

 Thomas Larsson: Globalization is the process of world shrinkage.
 Martin Khor: Globalization is colonization.
In simpler terms, globalization refers to the process by which goods, services, culture, and
even people move easily across borders.

Attributes of Globalization
1. The perspective of the person who defines globalization shapes its definition.
2. Globalization is a reality.
3. It allows for the expansion and stretching of social relations
-Regional and international NGO’s
-Sister cities mechanism
-Global corporations
4. Intensification and acceleration of social exchanges and activities
-Door to door mail delivery to FB messages
-Live TV telecast
-Travel capacities brought about by low airfares
5. It occurs objectively.
-Think about the world
-Associate ourselves with global trends
-Sense of responsibility

Impacts of Globalization
1) Economic Impact
 Improvements in Standards of Living
 As countries trade and open their doors to foreign investment, they earn more revenue
 As a result, their citizens benefit from a higher standard of living
 Free trade allows for a larger variety of foreign goods for the consumer to choose
from
 Better quality of life
 Increased Competition Among Nations
 Investment and Market
 Globalization means more competition as TNCs source for the cheapest places
to lower their cost of production
 Governments have to compete with each other to attract these foreign
corporations to invest
 Competition for markets and investment is intense
  Countries that are better able to offer incentives to investors will be more
successful in attracting investment and markets
 This results in further growth for the country when infrastructure is more
developed
 Increased Competition Among Nations
 Talent
 Highly skilled people are in high demand all over the globe
 Globalization allows people to move freely from one country to another in
search of employment
 Advanced economies with stable or shrinking populations seek new talent pools
 Emerging economies seek back their best and brightest
 Widening Income Gap Between the Rich and the Poor
 Due to rapid development in many countries and the spread of poverty in others
 Developed countries experience rapid income growth as they own most of the
manufacturing activities
 These developed countries and their TNCs are able to attract investments, skilled labor
and resources away from poor areas
 International trade has generated much revenue for them
 However, developing countries face trade restrictions put up by Developed Countries
 They are not capable of manufacturing better quality goods that fetch higher prices
 Poorer nations are only attractive for labor-intensive and low-cost ventures
 The rich developed countries prosper with better opportunities while the poor
developing countries face economic uncertainties like retrenchment
 Widening income gap can lead to social problems, increasing tension between the rich
and the poor

2) Social Impact
 Increased Awareness of Foreign Culture
 Travel, the Internet, mass media (products of globalization allow you to learn more
about foreign culture
 Loss of Local Culture
 Global (Western) brands dominate consumer markets in developing countries
 Creation of homogenous culture across the world
 Spread of pop culture and erosion or loss of local culture
 Negative influence of youth
 Enforced beliefs

3) Environmental Impact
 Depletion of natural resources by TNCs
 Concern over profits vs. protection of the environment
 Lack of funds to implement environmental protection
 Environmental Degradation
 Deforestation and Related Problems
 Global Warming

METAPHORS OF GLOBALIZATION

A. Solidity
 Solidity refers to barriers that prevent or make difficult the movement of things.
 Solids can either be natural or man made.
 Solids have the tendency to melt.

B. Liquidity
Liquidity refers to the increasing ease of movement of people, things, information and places
in the contemporary world.
Characteristics:
1. Liquid phenomena change quickly and their aspects are in continuous fluctuation.
2. Their movement is difficult to stop.
3. It tends to melt whatever stands in its path (especially solids)

C. Flows
Flows are the movement of people, things, places, and information brought by the growing
“porosity” of global limitations.

GLOBALIZATION THEORIES
A. Homogeneity: It refers to the increasing sameness in the world as cultural inputs, economic
factors, and political orientations of societies expand to create common practices, same
economies and similar forms of government.)
 McDonaldization (Ritzer, 2008)

B. Heterogeneity: It pertains to the creation of various cultural practices, new economies, and
political groups because of the interaction of elements from different societies in the world.
Dynamics of Local and Global Culture
A. Cultural Differentialism: Emphasizes the fact that cultures are essentially different and are
only superficially affected by global flows.
B. Cultural Hybridization: Emphasizes the integration of local and global cultures.
C. Cultural Convergence: Emphasizes that cultures are radically altered by strong flows.
: Happens when one culture imposes itself on and tends to destroy at
least parts of another culture.

MCDONALDIZATION: the process by which the principles of the fast-food restaurants are coming
to dominate more and more sectors of American society, as well as of the rest of the world. (Ritzer,
1993:1)

1. EFFICIENCY
– OPTIMUM METHOD TO COMPLETE A TASK
– Getting cheapest unit price
– Best cost for least effort
– Everything is done quickly
– Customer does the work
2. CALCULABILITY
– DO IT ACCORDING TO PLAN
– Emphasized quantity over quality (bigger is better)
– Everything must be able to be measured
• E.g. time, # of units, portion sizes
– How much are you getting vs. how much are you paying?
– Companies want you to realize how much you’re getting, not how good the items are
3. UNIFORMITY/PREDICTABILITY
LEAVE NOTHING TO CHANGE
The same experience at ALL locations
E.g. same tasting food
Gives consumers a sense of safety
Builds brand loyalty
Makes work routine & mind-numbing
 4. CONTROL THROUGH AUTOMATION
– HUMANS ARE THE MOST UNRELIABLE FACTOR
– Reduce human interaction = increased human control by company
– Humans easier to replace
– Machines don’t get sick, get married, get into car accidents, etc., which pull away from
time on the job
– Reduces thinking

PARTS OF A RESEARCH PAPER

Title Page
Abstract/Executive Summary
Table of Contents
Acknowledgment
Chapter I: Introduction
This section should present the following:
• Background of the Study
• Statement of the Problem
• Objective of the Study
• Scope and Delimitation
• Significance of the Study
• Definition of Terms
Chapter II: Review of Related Studies and Literature
Chapter III: Research Methodology
This section should present the research design that will be utilized in the course study. This
shall include the following:
• Respondents of the Study
• Sources of Data
• Research Instrument that was used
• Data gathering procedure
• Locale of the Study
Chapter IV: Results and Discussion
Chapter V: Summary/Conclusion and Recommendations
References (APA Citation)
Appendices
Letters
Approval sheets
Official documents acquired in the concerned offices
*Sample Survey questionnaire
*Focus group discussion interview guide
*Key informant interview guide
*Interview Transcriptions
Documentations
Curriculum Vitae
Title Page

TITLE

A Research Paper
Presented to the College of Arts and Sciences
Naga College Foundation
Naga City

In Partial Fulfilment of the requirements in

GEC 5: The Contemporary World

Submitted by:
(Name of Members)
Year and Course
Section

Submitted to:

November 2019