INDEX:

AIM:
To study the effect of fertilizers on the rate off germination,
elongation of hypocotyls and the length of root.
INTRODUCTION:
A )Study of germination effect of fertilizers (like biozyme,NPK
and urea on some vegetable plants.):

The common fertilizers (Biozyme, NPK and Urea) were used to

study the plant growth regulators on vegetable plants. These vegetable
plants have high nutritional and medicinal value. The growth parameters
like germination, survival, seedling height and root/shoot ratio etc were
studied on the seeds of Pisum sativum, Vigna radiata and Vigna catjang
at 0.5 % (v/v) solutions of fertilizers. The results found were used to
assay the effect of fertilizers on vegetable plants. Germination is an
economical and simple method for improving the nutritive value and
several studies have reported [2-5] higher levels of nutrients and lower
levels of antinutrients in sprouts compared to the ungerminated seeds.
Compatible with fertilizer and pesticides, increase the tollens capacity of
the plant against pest disease and climatic strain. Increase the quality and
rate of germination and flowers and fruits, setting by improving the size,
colors, vitamin and proteins and starch in agriculture. NPK is a
compound Fertilizer with additional ammonia in standard phosphate for
better use base fertilizers prior to growing.NPK is used as fertilizer.
when applied as plant Food ,it temporarily increase the soil PH but over
a long term the treated ground become more acidic than before upon the
nitrification of the ammonium. It is incomplete with alkaline chemicals
because it is converting to ammonia in a high pH environment. These
are important effect in fighting wild fires as lowering the pyrolysis
temperature and increasing the amount of char formed reduces that
amount of available fuel and to the largest component of some popular
commercial firefighting products. NPK is also used as a yeast nutrient in
winemaking and brewing mead, as an additive enhancer, to prevents
after glow in purifying crops.
Hence, some common fertilizers are uses to increase the crop
production. So necessitate concentrating on the study of common
fertilizers for study the germination pattern. Since, Biozyme, NPK and
Urea have intense germination capacity because it’s used as common
fertilizers in the agriculture field because its increases the nutrients in the
soil and since no work is reported on the plant growth regulators of
mentioned vegetable plants ( Biozyme, NPK and urea).
B) Study of effect of common fertilizers on plant growth
parameters of some vegetable plants:
A plant’s normal growth and function depend on relatively high
intracellular water content. A plant-based diet – focusing mainly on
vegetables, fruits and whole grains – has become one of the most
important guidelines for lowering the risk of human diseases. The
important contributions of the nineteenth century, experimental plant
physiology to agriculture was discovery that soil fertility and crop yields
could be increased by adding several. Biozyme which is toxin free eco–
friendly bio-degradable product containing growth hormones, trace
element, minerals and vitamins. It is used for higher yield and effective
growth of plant and agricultural produces. It also increases the resistance
of plant against various pest disease and climatic stress. Effects of
Biozyme like to increase the yield of crop and quality of fodder and
milk, nutrients to the soil.
Some bivalent metal ions have been reported to be useful in agriculture
as plant growth regulators. Some common fertilizers are uses to increase
the crop production. So necessitate concentrating on the study of
common fertilizers for studying the germination pattern. Since,
Biozyme, Diammonium phosphate and Urea have intense germination
capacity because it’s used as common fertilizers in the agriculture field
and since no work is reported on the plant growth regulators of
mentioned vegetable plants (Trigonella foenum graecum, Anethum
graveolens and Brassica compestris).
C) The effect of fertilizers on growth and development of
seedlings ( of Mesua ferrea Linn):
Treatments with diverse concentration of ammonium nitrate and
superphosphate were given to the young seedlings of
Mesua ferrea with a view to augment the seedling growth
and productivity of the species. Length decreased in the
seedlings treated with ammonium nitrate. While showing
decrease in dry weight significant decrease was also
observed in the shoot and root fresh weight which shows
that ammonium nitrate has inhibitory effect on the growth
of Mesua ferrea seedlings. The interaction of sub-toxic
levels of different elements in the soil may be accounted for
the successive reduction in growth rate. The growth of
roots was hampered by both ammonium nitrate and
superphosphate at higher concentrations. While ammonium
nitrate treated seedlings did not show noteworthy variation
in the shoot length at diverse concentration shoot growth
was better under superphosphate treatment. Thus for
enhanced establishment of Mesua ferrea seedlings under
nursery conditions the study suggests the use of > 5%
superphosphate and <1% ammonium nitrate.
MATERIALS REQUIRED:
A)To study the germination effect of fertilizers:

Fertilizer solutions, seeds and soil.

Fertilizers Solutions-: For the study of effect of fertilizer on germination,
survival and seedling height of plants, 0.5% solution of fertilizers as
Urea, NPK Biozyme were prepared using distilled water.
Seeds-: Healthy 15 seed of Pisum sativa, Vigna radiant and Vigna
catjang were selected for study.
Soil-: Fertilized soil was collected from around the town of Nipani and it
was grind and filtered .This soil was then filled in the petri dishes and
then moisture with water then sowing of seeds in this soil after half an
hour.
 B)Study of effect of common fertilizers on plant
growth parameters of some vegetable plants:
Fertilizer solutions, seeds and soil.
Fertilizers solution:-For study, some selected fertilizers are Urea,
Diammonium phosphate and Biozyme and 0.5% solutions of fertilizers
were prepared by using distilled water.
Seeds:- Healthy 15 seeds of Trigonella foenum graecum, Anethum
graveolens and Brassica compestris plant were selected.
Soil:-The basic requirement for this experiment was soil. Fertilized soil
was collected from agricultural land. Stones and other hard material
removed from it. It was then grind and filtered. This finely powdered
soil was then filled with uniform layer in the Petri plates of equal size.
The soil in the Petri plates was moistened with water. Sowing of seeds
was done in this soil after one hour.
C)The effect of fertilizers on growth and development
of seedlings (Mesua ferrea):

Fully mature fruits of Mesua ferra, soil (pH- 5.3, organic carbon-
2.80%, total nitrogen- 0.26%, nitrate (N)- 2.22 g/g, ammonium
(N)- 6.93 g/g, available phosphorus- 3.29 g/g, moisture content-
31.05%) and fertilizers ammonium nitrate and super-phosphate
salts.
PROCEDURE:
A)Study of germination effect of fertilizers (urea,
NPK and biozyme on some vegetable plants):

Experiments performed-: Healthy seeds of Pisum sativum, Vigna

radiant and Vigna catjang seeds, are equal size were selected. The
selected seeds were soaked in water and kept in refrigerator for 3
hours. These healthy seeds of equal size were chosen were
immersed in distilled water, urea solution, biozyme solution and
NPK with 7 hours. The seed soaked were taken out of each so in
and washed with distilled water the seeds were sowed in the Petri
dishes in circle. The petri dishes were kept under the atmosphere
pressure and room temperature and it give the sun light treatment
at morning 11.00 am to 12.00 am only alternate days. These plants
are ideal system to study the germination and growth patterns.
B) Tostudy the effect of common fertilizers on plant
growth parameters of some vegetable plants:

Trigonella foenum graecum, Anethum graveolens and Brassica

compestris are selected as plant system in present investigation.
These plants are ideal system to study the germination and growth
pattern. Further, their economical importance is reflected by its
wide used for the vegetable purposes. Healthy seeds of Trigonella
foenum graecum, Anethum graveolens and Brassica compestris of
equal size were selected for same germination were taken and
thoroughly washed using doubly distilled water. 15 healthy seeds
of equal size immersed in tested solution Healthy seeds of
Trigonella foenum graecum, Anethum graveolens and Brassica
compestris equal size were selected 15 seeds were soaked in water
and kept in refrigerators for 3 hours, these healthy seeds of equal
size were chosen were immersed in distilled water, Urea solution,
Diammonium phosphate (DAP) solution and Biozyme solution
with 7 hours. The seeds soaked were taken out of each solution
and washed with distilled water. The seeds were sowed in the Petri
plates in circle. The Petri plates were kept under the atmospheric
pressure and room temperature and to give the sun light treatment
at morning 8 a.m. to 9 a.m. alternate days only.
C) The effect of fertilizers on growth and development
of seedlings of Mesua ferrea Linn:
Mesua ferrea Linn, the excel wood tree is found in profuse in the
humid tropical belt of Arunachal Pradesh. However its
germination and seedling growth rate in situ is found meager.
Treatments with diverse concentrations of ammonium nitrate and
superphosphate were given to young seedlings with a view to
augment the seedling growth and productivity of the species.
Fully mature fruits of M ferrea were collected from the mother
plants and instant processing was done to release the seeds. After
soaking the seeds (measuring ca 4 g) in deionized water for 24 h
seeds were wrapped with wet cloth for 12 h. One seed per
polythene bag (15 x 10 cm) containing soil (pH- 5.3, organic
carbon- 2.80%, total nitrogen- 0.26%, nitrate (N)- 2.22 g/g,
ammonium (N)- 6.93 g/g, available phosphorus- 3.29 g/g,
moisture content- 31.05%) was sown. Within 15 DAS the seeds
germinated and the germination percentage was found to be 71 per
cent. The fertilizers doses were applied after 7 days of germination
and when the seedlings had attained the height of 10 cm above the
ground level. While using deionized water the ammonium nitrate
and super-phosphate salts were diluted to 1, 2.5 and 5 per cent
concentrations correspondingly. The treatment continued for 15
days while keeping the loading rate of each concentration at 20 ml
per day per bag. As root coiling started seedlings were
transplanted in the fields and thereafter the polythene bags were
not used. Roots and shoot length (cm), fresh weight (g) and dry
weight (g) were determined on the 15th day. In control the
seedlings were treated with 20 ml/day water only and all the
treatments were replicated thrice. For dry weight the plant material
was dried in an oven at 80°C for 48 h. To contrast the mean values
across diverse concentrations Turkey’s test was used and linear
regression was worked out.
OBSERVATIONS:
A)To study the germination effect of fertilizers:
Table No 1: Effect of Fertilizer on Germination, Survival, and Seedling
height on Vigna catjang.

s.no PARAMETERS CONTROL UREA BIOZYME NPK

1 Germination seed no 15 15 15 15
2 %Germination after 3 80% 66.66% 73.33% 60%
days
3 %of survival after 6 73.33 %
days 86% 86.66% 86.66% 80%
10 days 93.33% 93.33% 100% 80%
15 days 93 100% 100% 80%
4 Seeding High in cm 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.3

Shoot length in cm
5 6 days 4.2 2.8 2.5 3.2
10 days 4.4 5.8 4.9 5.4
15 days 6.5 6.8 7.0 6.2
6 Root length in cm
6 days 0.6 0.4 0.9 0.7
10 days 2.2 2.4 2.8 2.6
15 days 4.1 3.9 5.4 5.9
7 Length of young leaf
6 days 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4
10 days 0.5 0.7 0.9 0.4
15 days 0.5 0.7 0.9 0.8
8 Root/Shoot ratio 0.14 0.14 0.36 0.21
Table no.2: Effect of fertilizers on germination, survival and seedling
height on Vigna radiata.

S.no PARAMETERS CONTROL UREA BIOZYME NPK

1 Germination seed no. 15 15 15 15
2 % Germination after 66.66% 53.33% 60% 73.33%
3 days
3 % of survival
6 days 93.33% 86.66% 100% 80%
10 days 100% 93.33% 100% 86.66%
15 days 100% 93.33% 100% 86.66%
4 Seedling high in cm 0.7 0.6 1.9 0.3
5 Shoot length in cm,
6 days 3.0 3.2 3.4 2.8
10 days 5.3 5.8 6.8 3.5
15 days 7.3 7.6 7.8 7.2
6 Length of young leaf,
6 days 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3
10 days 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.3
15 days 0.5 0.9 0.6 0.7
7 Root length in cm,
6 days 1.5 2.4 3.9 1.5
10 days 2.8 4.1 4.3 1.9
15 days 6.8 6.5 6.8 5.9
8 Root/shoot ratio 0.50 0.75 1.14 0.53
Table no 3: Effect of fertilizers on germination, survival and seedling
height on Pisum sativam.
S.no PARAMETERS CONTROL UREA BIOZYME NPK
1 Germination seed no. 15 15 15 15
2 % germination after 3 66.66% 53.33% 60% 73.33%
days
% of survival after
3 6 days 93.33% 86.66% 100% 80%
10 days 100% 93.33% 100% 86.66%
15 days 100% 93.33% 100% 86.66%
4 Seedling high in cm, 0.7 0.6 1.9 0.3
Shoot length in cm,
5 6 days 3.0 3.2 3.4 2.8
10 days 5.3 5.8 6.8 3.5
15 days 7.3 7.6 7.8 7.2
Length of young leaf,
6 6 days 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3
10 days 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.3
15 days 0.5 0.9 0.6 0.7
Root length in cm,
7 6 days 1.5 2.4 3.9 1.5
10 days 2.8 4.1 4.3 1.9
15 days 6.8 6.5 6.8 5.9
8 Root/shoot ratio 0.50 0.75 1.14 0.53
B)Tostudy the effect of common fertilizers on plant
growth parameters of some vegetable plants:
Fig.1. For Brassica compestris as a treatment plant system. Plots of %
Seed germination Vs Different fertilizers

Control

Urea

Dap

Biozyme

0 1 2 3 4 5

Fig.2. For Trigonella foenum graecum as a treatment plant

system. Plots of % Seed germination Vs Different fertilizers

Control

Urea

Dap Series 3
Column1

Biozyme Series 1

0 1 2 3 4 5
Fig.3. For Anethum graveolens as a treatment plant system. Plots of %
Seed germination Vs Different fertilizers

Biozyme

Dap

Control

Urea

0 1 2 3 4 5
C)The effect of fertilizers on growth and development of
seedlings of Mesua ferrea Linn:
Table 1: Growth response of Mesua ferrea seedlings to ammonium
nitrate and superphosphate treatments.
PARAMETERS AMMONIUM SUPER
NITRATE (%) PHOSPHATE(%) CONTROL
1 2.5 5 1 2.5 5
Length
Root 8.39 7.42 7.39 9.86 9.29 9.26 11.29
Shoot 22.00 21.42 18.96 20.52 22.92 27.167 28.74
Fresh weight
Root 0.58 0.52 0.47 0.56 0.47 0.78 0.68
Shoot 0.99 0.60 0.49 1.04 1.24 1.60 1.62
Dry weight
Root 0.21 0.17 0.15 0.19 0.27 0.27 0.23
Shoot 0.39 0.33 0.33 0.47 0.41 0.59 0.60
R/S(length) 0.49 0.46 0.51 0.59 0.52 0.45 0.50
R/S(fresh wt) 0.63 0.93 1.04 0.57 0.42 0.56 0.47
R/S(dry wt) 0.49 0.42 0.34 0.35 0.65 0.45 0.36
 RESULTS:
A)To study the germination effect of fertilizers:
Plant growth is decided on the basis of parameters such as percentage of
germination, survival height, shoot length, root length & Root/shoot
ratio and thickness of young leaves, this value compare to control
system. Germination and survivals were noted after 6 days, 10days. The
seedling height, shoot length, root length, root/shoot ratio and thickness
of young leaf of survival plants were measured. Plant growth regulator
technique (PGR) is most important to study the parameters such as
percentage of germinations, survival, seedling height, shoot length, root
length and leaf area of young leaves having high values compared to
control system. In the present investigation, study the effect of fertilizers
and it is represented in the table 1, 2 and 3. The present work, studied
effect of the common fertilizers (Urea, NPK, Biozyme) on percentage of
seed germination, root length, shoot length, and seedling height it is a
presented in the table 1, 2, 3 on crop plants in terms of PGR and their
general order of plant growth regulators were found as –
1) For Vigna radiant Biozyme > control> urea> NPK
2) For Pisum sativum Biozyme>urea>control>NPK
3) For Vigna catjang Biozyme>Urea>NPK >Control
The above order of fertilizer for plant regulator determined from the
table 1, 2, 3 and Biozyme fertilizer can function as good plant growth
regulators for selected crop plants.
 B) To study the effect of common fertilizers on plant
growth parameters of some vegetable plants:
Plant growth regulator technique (PGR) are most important to study the
parameters such as percentage of germinations survival, seedling height,
shoot length, root length and leaf area of young leaves having high
values compared to control system. 1) The germination was noted after 3
days. 2) Survival was noted after 3, 10 and 15 days and also noted
germination after 3, 10 and 15 days. 3) After noting the survival of the
plants, they were taken out of the soil. The seedling height (root
length/shoot length) and leaf area (width & length) of young leaf of
survived plants were measured. The average values of these parameters
are presented in table 1, 2 & 3. In the present investigation, effect of the
Urea, Diammonium phosphate and Biozyme on percentage of seed
germination, root length, shoot length (root /shoot ratio) and seedling
height etc. have been studied. The general order of plant growth
regulators found is as –
1. For Brassica compestris -Biozyme > Urea > Control > DAP
2. For Trigonella foenum graecum- Biozyme > Urea > Control > DAP
3. For Anethum graveolens- Biozyme > DAP > Urea > Control
Thus, the above order of fertilizers for plant regulators determined from
the table 1, 2 and 3 and Biozyme fertilizers can functions as good plant
growth regulators for selected vegetable plants. The percentages of seed
survived are found to be greater after 15 days for all the plants in all the
fertilizers solutions. Seedling height is observed high in Biozyme for
Anethum graveolens but for Brassica compestris and Trigonella foenum
graecum it is higher in the solution of Urea.
C) The effect of fertilizers on growth and development of
seedlings of Mesua ferrea Linn:
It is evident from the data that length decreased in the seedlings treated
with ammonium nitrate. While showing decrease in dry weight
significant decrease was also observed in the shoot and root fresh
weight. It shows that ammonium nitrate has inhibitory effect on the
growth of M ferrea seedlings. The interaction of sub-toxic levels of
different elements in the soil may be accounted for the successive
reduction in growth rate. The bounded relationships between water
uptake and biomass accumulation can be understood from the
synchronized decrease in fresh weight and dry weight in response to
shoot and root length. While confirming this the plant length was
significantly correlated with respective dry weight (Y= 25.64 + 18.57 X,
df=6, r= 0.945, P <0.01) irrespective of the treatments.
It is apparent from the data that increased concentration of soil solution
which pushes the osmotic potential to a point where the growth and
subsequently checks water absorption is due to the application of
increased dose of salts. It is also evident that super-phosphate
application normally increased the growth rate at all concentrations.
Depending chiefly on the nutrient requisite of the plant the disparity in
effect between these two inorganic fertilizers was ca 15 per cent. While
seeking further trial substantiation it may be affirmed that with the
application of super-phosphate Mesua ferrea seemed to grow well. The
growth of roots was hampered by both ammonium nitrate and
superphosphate at higher concentrations. It is apparent that while
ammonium nitrate treated seedlings did not show noteworthy variation
in shoot length at diverse concentration shoot growth was better under
superphosphate treatment. Thus for enhanced establishment of Mesua
ferrea seedlings under nursery conditions the present study suggests the
use of >5% superphosphate and <1% ammonium nitrate.
BIBLIOGRAPHY: