Ejercicios

1. 𝐴 = 25 𝑐𝑚2 − 16 𝑐𝑚2 = 9 𝑐𝑚2

Medida de los lados:

𝐻𝑖𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑎 = √25 𝑐𝑚2 = 5 𝑐𝑚

𝐶𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑡𝑜 1 = √16 𝑐𝑚2 = 4 𝑐𝑚

𝐶𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑡𝑜 2 = √9 𝑐𝑚2 = 3 𝑐𝑚

2. 𝐶($) = 5000000(1.065)𝑡

a.

Tiempo en años 1 2 3 4 5 6
Capital final 5325000 5671125 6039748.1 6432331.8 6850433.3 7295711.5
b. Si el incremento fuera del 4%, para el año abrían 5200000 de capital final y no 5325000, por
lo tanto, no es correcto afirmar que el incremento del capital es del 4% respecto al año anterior.
3
3. a. 𝐶𝑢𝑏𝑜 3: 𝑙 = √369 𝑐𝑚3 = 7.2 𝑐𝑚

369 𝑐𝑚3 3
𝐶𝑢𝑏𝑜 2: 𝑉 = = 123 𝑐𝑚3 𝑙 = √123 𝑐𝑚3 = 5 𝑐𝑚
3
123 𝑐𝑚3 3
𝐶𝑢𝑏𝑜 1: 𝑉 = = 61.5 𝑐𝑚3 𝑙 = √61.5 𝑐𝑚3 = 4 𝑐𝑚
2
b. 𝑉𝑐𝑢𝑏𝑜 1 = 61.5 𝑐𝑚3

𝑉𝑐𝑢𝑏𝑜 2 = 123 𝑐𝑚3

c. 𝐴𝑐𝑢𝑏𝑜 1 = 6(4 ∗ 4) = 96 𝑐𝑚2

𝐴𝑐𝑢𝑏𝑜 2 = 6(5 ∗ 5) = 150 𝑐𝑚2

𝐴𝑐𝑢𝑏𝑜 1 = 6(7.2 ∗ 7.2) = 311 𝑐𝑚2

4. a. Es correcto el pronóstico porque se cumple que:

𝑃(5) = 41000000(1.04)5 =49882769

b. 2 = 1.04𝑡 𝑡 = 17.7 𝑎ñ𝑜𝑠

24.4−8
5. a. 24.4 = 4 + 4 + 𝑥 + 𝑥 𝑥= 2
= 8.2 𝑐𝑚

𝑑 = √8.22 + 42 = 9.1 𝑐𝑚
2.4
b. 2.4𝑥 = 1.2 𝑥= = 0.5 𝑚
1.2
𝑑 = √2.42 + 0.52 = 2.45 𝑐𝑚
10
c. 8𝑥 = 10 𝑥= 8
= 1.25 𝑐𝑚

𝑑 = √102 + 1.252 = 10.08 𝑐𝑚

12.6−8
d. 12.6 = 4 + 4 + 𝑥 + 𝑥 𝑥= 2
= 2.3 𝑐𝑚

𝑑 = √2.32 + 42 = 4.6 𝑐𝑚

6. 𝐴𝑛𝑢𝑒𝑣𝑜 = 2(7 ∗ 7) = 98 𝑚2

𝑙𝑎𝑑𝑜 = √98 𝑚2 = 7√2 𝑚

7. 𝑄(𝑡) = 2(3)𝑡

a. 𝑄0 = 2(3)0 = 2

b.

Tiempo (horas) 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3

Número de bacterias 2 4 6 10.3 18 31 54
c. Es correcto afirmar que cada hora se triplica la cantidad de bacterias con respecto a la hora
inmediatamente anterior, debido a que como se observa, al principio hay solo dos bacterias y
después de una hora hay 6 que corresponde al triple.

8. a. 𝑁ú𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑠𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠 = 6 ∗ 6 ∗ 6 = 216

b.
𝐸𝑙 𝑛ú𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑒 ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑎 𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑡𝑜𝑑𝑜𝑠 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑜𝑠 𝑦
𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜𝑙𝑜 𝑝𝑜𝑟 36 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑟í𝑎𝑛 𝑙𝑎𝑠 𝑠𝑢𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑠𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑒𝑛 𝑐𝑎𝑑𝑎 𝑝𝑎í𝑠, 𝑑𝑎 𝑢𝑛 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑒 61164 𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑜𝑠.

Polinomios

1. 𝑃(𝑥) = 2𝑥 10 + 3𝑥 8 + 5𝑥 6 + 7𝑥 2

2. 𝑃(𝑥) = 3𝑥 − 9

𝑃(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 3
3. a.
12 60 ∗ 5
𝑥∗ 𝑥 = 60 𝑥2 = = 25 𝑐𝑚2 𝑥 = √25 𝑐𝑚2 = 5 𝑐𝑚
5 12
b.
 1
𝑥 ∗ 2𝑥 64 ∗ 2
= 64 𝑥2 = = 256 𝑚2 𝑥 = √256 𝑚2 = 16 𝑚
2 1
2
4. a. 𝑊 + 2(3𝑥 2 + 2𝑦) + 2(2𝑦) + 2(3𝑥 2 ) = 12𝑥 2 + 10𝑦 𝑊 = 2𝑦
1 2 2 3 2 9 8 2 13 4
b. 𝑊 + 3 𝑥 + 5 𝑥 2 + 3 𝑦 + 5 𝑥 + 3 𝑦 = 5 𝑥 + 15 𝑦 𝑊 = − 5 𝑥 2 + 15 𝑥 − 5 𝑦

12𝑥 2 +23𝑥+10 (3𝑥+2)(4𝑥+5)

5. a. 𝑊 = 3𝑥+2
= 3𝑥+2
= 4𝑥 + 5
3 5 3
𝑥 (14𝑥 +10𝑥 +15𝑥) 5 3
14𝑥 +10𝑥 +15𝑥 15
b. 𝑊 = 2𝑥 3
= 2
= 7𝑥 5 + 5𝑥 3 + 2
𝑥

24𝑦 2 +140𝑦+100 (6𝑦+5)(4𝑦+20)

c. 𝑊 = 6𝑦+5
= 6𝑦+5
= 4𝑦 + 20

30𝑎2 +73𝑎+12/5 (6𝑎+1/5)(5𝑎+12)

d. 𝑊 = 5𝑎+12
= 5𝑎+12
= 6𝑎 + 1/5

𝑎 3 +3𝑎2 𝑏+3𝑎𝑏2 +𝑏3 (𝑎+𝑏)3

e. 𝑊 = 𝑎+𝑏
= 𝑎+𝑏
= (𝑎 + 𝑏)2

𝑎 𝑎 3 3𝑎
6. (𝑚𝑎+1 + 2𝑚𝑎+2 + 3𝑚𝑎−1 + 4) (𝑚 2 − 2𝑚 2 +1 − 𝑚) = 𝑚2𝑎+1 − 2𝑚 2 +2 − 𝑚𝑎+2 +
3𝑎 3𝑎 3𝑎 3𝑎 𝑎 𝑎 3
2𝑚 2 +2 − 4𝑚 2 +3 − 2𝑚2𝑎+2 + 3𝑚 2 −1 − 6𝑚 2 − 3𝑚𝑎 + 4𝑚 2 − 8𝑚 2+1 − 4𝑚 = 𝑚2𝑎+1 −
3𝑎 3𝑎 3𝑎 𝑎 𝑎
𝑚𝑎+2 − 4𝑚 2 +3 − 2𝑚2𝑎+2 + 3𝑚 2 −1 − 6𝑚 2 − 3𝑚𝑎 + 4𝑚 2 − 8𝑚 2 +1 − 4𝑚

7. En el procedimiento distribuyen 4x3, tanto para el numerador como el denominador, lo cual

es incorrecto.

8. a. [−2(3𝑥 − 1) + 4(𝑥 − 2)][3(𝑥 + 2) − 4(5𝑥 − 6)] = [−6𝑥 + 2 + 4𝑥 − 8][3𝑥 + 6 −

20𝑥 + 24] = [−2𝑥 − 6][−17𝑥 − 18] = 34𝑥 2 − 60𝑥 + 102𝑥 − 180 = 34𝑥 2 + 42𝑥 − 180
b. 12(𝑥 − 1) + 5(𝑥 + 2)[2(𝑥 + 3) − 1] = 12𝑥 − 12 + (5𝑥 + 10)[2𝑥 + 6 − 1] = 12𝑥 − 12 +
(5𝑥 + 10)[2𝑥 + 5] = 12𝑥 − 12 + 10𝑥 2 + 30𝑥 + 50 = 10𝑥 2 + 57𝑥 + 38

c. 10𝑥 − 2 − (3𝑥 − 1)(5𝑥 + 3) − 2(𝑥 + 3)(−3) = 10𝑥 − 2 − (15𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 3) + 6(𝑥 +

3) = 10𝑥 − 2 − 15𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 3 + 6𝑥 + 18 = −15𝑥 2 + 12𝑥 + 19

d. (𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 3) + 3𝑥 − 2 = 𝑥 3 − 7𝑥 − 6 + 3𝑥 − 2 = 𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 − 8

9. 𝑉 = 𝜋𝑟 2 ℎ = 𝜋𝑥 2 (2𝑥 + 5) = 𝜋(2𝑥 3 + 5𝑥 2 ) = 2𝜋𝑥 3 + 5𝜋𝑥 2

10. 𝑉 = 𝑉1 + 𝑉2 = 3𝑥 ∗ 3𝑥 ∗ 𝑥 + 2𝑥 ∗ 3𝑥 ∗ 𝑥 = 9𝑥 3 + 6𝑥 3 = 15𝑥 3
11. a. 𝐴 = (𝑥 + 𝑦)2 = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2

𝑃 = 4(𝑥 + 𝑦) = 4𝑥 + 4𝑦

b. 𝐴 = 3𝑥(5𝑥 − 2) + 2𝑥 ∗ 𝑥 + (6𝑥 + 1)(3𝑥 − 2) = 15𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 2𝑥 2 + 18𝑥 2 − 9𝑥 − 2 =

35𝑥 2 − 15𝑥 − 2

12. 𝑉 = 𝑉1 + 𝑉2 − 𝑉3 = 6𝑥 ∗ 6𝑥 ∗ 6𝑥 + 10𝑥 ∗ 2𝑥 ∗ 6𝑥 − 3𝑥 ∗ 4𝑥 ∗ 8𝑥 = 6𝑥 3 + 120𝑥 3 −

96𝑥 3 = 240𝑥 3

13. a. (2𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 5)2 = (2𝑥 + 3𝑦)2 + 2(2𝑥 + 3𝑦)(5) + 52 = 4𝑥 2 + 12𝑥𝑦 + 9𝑦 2 + 20𝑥 +

30𝑦 + 25

b. (𝑥 + 𝑦 − 1)3 = (𝑥 + 𝑦)3 + 3(𝑥 + 𝑦)(−1) + 3(𝑥 + 𝑦)(−1)2 + (−1)3 = 𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 𝑦 +

3𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 3 − 3𝑥 2 − 6𝑥𝑦 − 3𝑦 2 + 3𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 1

c. (3𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 3 )2 = (3𝑥 2 )2 + 2(3𝑥 2 )(5𝑥 3 ) + (5𝑥 3 )2 = 9𝑥 4 + 30𝑥 5 + 25𝑥 6

d. (3𝑥 + 4𝑦 − 2)(3𝑥 + 4𝑦 + 2) = 9𝑥 2 + 12𝑥𝑦 + 6𝑥 + 12𝑥𝑦 + 16𝑦 2 + 8𝑦 − 6𝑥 − 8𝑦 − 4 =

9𝑥 2 + 24𝑥𝑦 + 16𝑦 2 − 4
1 2 1 7 1 7 2 7 1 9 7
e. (3 − 5 𝑛) (3 + 4 𝑛) = 9 + 12 𝑛 − 15 𝑛 − 10 𝑛2 = 9 + 20 𝑛 − 10 𝑛2

f. (4𝑥 3 − 6𝑥 4 )3 = −216𝑥12 + 432𝑥11 − 288𝑥 10 + 64𝑥 9

g. (0.3𝑥 6 + 1)3 = 0.027𝑥 18 + 0.27𝑥 12 + 0.9𝑥 6 + 1

1 4 2 𝑥6 8𝑥 4 𝑦 16𝑥 2 𝑦 2
h. (3 𝑥 3 + 3 𝑥𝑦) = 9
+ 9
+ 9

2((𝑎+𝑏)2 −(𝑎−2𝑏)2 ) 6𝑏(2𝑎−𝑏)

14. ℎ = (𝑎+𝑏)2 +(𝑎−2𝑏)2
= 2𝑎2 −2𝑎𝑏+5𝑏2

Página 18

Potenciación de números reales

1. a. 8𝑥 ∗ 87 ∗ 82 = 8−1 8𝑥+9 = 8−1 𝑥 = −10

75
b. 7𝑥 = 7−3 75−𝑥 = 7−3 𝑥=8

c. (47 )𝑥 = 1 𝑥=0

d. 24 ∗ 𝑥 = 364 24 ∗ 𝑥 = 184 ∗ 24 𝑥 = 184

𝑥 3
e. ( ) = 125 𝑥 = 5 ∗ 7 = 35
7
 1000 𝑔
2. a. 𝑚 = 1.99 ∗ 1030 𝐾𝑔 ∗ 1 𝐾𝑔
= 1.99 ∗ 1033 𝐾𝑔

1 𝐾𝑚
b. 𝑟 = 6.38 ∗ 106 𝑚 ∗ 1000 𝑚 = 6.38 ∗ 103 𝐾𝑚
100 𝑐𝑚
c. 𝑟 = 0.38 ∗ 109 𝑚 ∗ 1𝑚
= 0.38 ∗ 1011 𝑐𝑚
100 𝐷𝑚
d. 𝑟 = 1.496 ∗ 108 𝐾𝑚 ∗ = 1.496 ∗ 1010 𝐷𝑚
1 𝐾𝑚

3. a. 𝑥 2 + 3 = 39 𝑥 = √36 = 6
3
b. 𝑥 3 − 19 = −27 𝑥 = √−8 = −2
6
c. 𝑥 5 ∗ 𝑥 = (√3) 𝑥 = √3
12
d. (3𝑥)2 = 144 𝑥= 3
=4
4
e. (𝑥)4 ∗ −5 − 2 = −82 𝑥 = √−16

(−4+8+10)10 (−58+48+12)3 1410 ∗23 710 ∗210 ∗23

9. a. 710 (2∗5−14)3 (4−2)5
= 710 ∗−43 ∗25 = −710 ∗26 ∗25 = −22 = −4

−4(−4∗3+8)10 (145−149)14 −4∗−410 ∗−414 −425

b. (4−6)5 (2−2∗2)8
= −25 ∗−28
= −213 = 232

2∗52 ∗252 ∗510 2∗516

c. 25 ∗(2∗5)8
∗ (256 ∗ 104 ) = 213 ∗58 ∗ (212 ∗ 54 ) = 512

94 ∗410 93 ∗4 97 ∗222
d. (210 ∗97 ) ∗ ( 29
) = 97 ∗219 = 23

52 ∗5−3 ∗50 ∗5∗54 54

e. (52 ∗5−2 ∗52 )
= = 52
52

103 ∗54 ∗73 102 ∗54 25 ∗511 ∗73

f.( 53 ∗10
) (73 ∗104
) = 58 ∗25 ∗73
= 53

g. 4(52 )10 − 10(520 ) + 7(2510 ) = 22 ∗ 520 − 2 ∗ 521 + 7 ∗ 520 = 11 ∗ 520 − 10 ∗ 520 = 520
20.5+6.5−1 7 1.2∗5 4 9 7
h. ( −13
) ( 3−9 ) (2) = (−2)7 (−1)4 (4.5)7 = −97

−3 9
(22 ) 4 √32
10. 𝑃𝑎𝑠𝑜 1 = 4 5 310
𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑖𝑒𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎

(4)−3 49 √32
𝑃𝑎𝑠𝑜 2 = 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑖𝑒𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎
45 310
46 √32
𝑃𝑎𝑠𝑜 3 = 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑖𝑒𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒
45 310
46 3
𝑃𝑎𝑠𝑜 4 = 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑖𝑒𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎
45 310
𝑃𝑎𝑠𝑜 5 = 41 3−9 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑖𝑒𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑑𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒

√𝑥
11. a. 3
=6 𝑥 = (6 ∗ 3)2 = 324
20
b. √3𝑥 − 5 = 5 3𝑥 − 5 = 25 𝑥=
3
10
c. √5𝑥 + 6 = 4 5𝑥 + 6 = 16 𝑥= 5
=2

1
12. a. 𝑠 = 2 (8 + 10 + 12) = 15 𝑚

𝐴 = √15(15 − 8)(15 − 10)(15 − 12) = 15√7 𝑚2

1
b. 𝑠 = 2 (5.5 + 4.5 + 6) = 8 𝑚

𝐴 = √8(8 − 5.5)(8 − 4.5)(8 − 6) = 2√35 𝑚2

1
c. 𝑠 = (9 + 11 + 13) = 16.5 𝑐𝑚
2

𝐴 = √16.5(16.5 − 9)(16.5 − 11)(16.5 − 13) = 48.8 𝑐𝑚2

13.