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Volume: First Year: 2019
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3rd Nov. 2018 KAIOJR 1st National Conference on “Razawiy t: An International Theology”

Psycho-Chemical Classification of Soil through fatawa Razvia: A

Chemical Approach

Er. Kashif Raza* Er. Farhan Khan#

*#Scholar, Integral University Lucknow UP- India

ARTICLE INFO AB STR ACT

Article history: The natural environment was clean, but due to multifarious activities of human, it gets polluted resulting
Received: 29 October 18 environmental pollution. In this study it was preferred to investigate the soil samples for some parameters
Revised: 01 Nov18 through physicochemical analysis. 25 samples were obtained to test and analyzed for its all chemical &
Accepted: 02 Nov 18 biological impurities as described to verify the no of impure soil for dry abolition described by Aalahazrat
in Fatawa Razvia during the explanation of Islamic issue/decree. It is understood that this examination of
Keywords: impurity is just based its harmfulness on skin.
As per Chemical Testing & Result by Chemistry Laboratory our study is processed through Physco-
Electrical Conductivity(EC), Chemical study. Under which various things like alkalinity content, chloride, sulphate, pH, sodium,
Soil Samples, potassium, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total Organic Carbon, Available Nitrogen (N), Available
pH, Phosphorus (P2O5), available Potassium (K2O) etc are examined.
Short Tendom Repeat(STR), This case study conducted over the Integral University Campus, Vill. Gurri Dist. Shahjahnpur or
Dry Abolution, nearby areas lead to the conclusion of presence of 130 types impurities of soil which is generally evident
Fatawa Razavia, for impurities found over the whole earth.
Clerics, Soil sampling is the most initial step for any soil Analysis. As a very small fraction of the
huge soil mass is used for analysis. This information from soil analysis is favorable for farmers to detect
the soil productivity, fraction or amount of nutrients, impurities present and to improve the quality of soil
by determining the amount of fertilizers to be added to improve its quality index and to make production
economic.
Conclusively through this study presence of 130 types of impurities in soil is affirmed, which
matches with the 130 types of soil elements which is impure for dry ablution in Islam as discussed by
Aala Hazrat (May Allah be pleased with him) in Fatwa Razviya.
DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.214164.96645 © 2019. Hosting by KAIOJR , All rights reserved.

* Corresponding Author. Tel.: +91-9696466625; Page No: 12

E-mail address: razakasif99s@gmail.com
Peer review under responsibility of Kanzuliman Foundation.

DOI: 10.6084/m6.figshare.9746123 © 2019 Hosting by www.kanzuliman.org Kanzuliman Research Publications

. All rights reserved.
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2 KANZULIMAN ACADEMIC INTERNATIONAL ONLINE JOURNAL OF RAZAWIYÂT (KAIOJR) – 2019
e-ISSN: Applied@23782
Introduction
The soil forms the intermediate zone between the atmosphere
and the rock cover of the earth, the lithosphere. It also forms the interface
between water bodies (hydrosphere) and the lithosphere and thus forming
a part of biosphere.
The soil generally effects over human skin throughout the
whole life cycle. Due to the polluted soil the skin of humans get affected
& may cause various skin diseases. This was the hidden secret clued by
Imam Ahmad Raza khan during explanation of an Islamic decree. The soil
is a complex mixture being made up of four constituents’ namely mineral
material, organic matter, water and air. Roughly, the soil contains 50-60%
mineral matter, 25-35% water, 15-25% air and little 6-8% of organic
matter. When the natural composition of soil is altered it leads to soil
pollution which occurs through various human activities such as use of
fertilizers in farming, disposal of industrial waste, improper waste
disposal, precipitation and disposal of radioactive waste leading to
increase of toxicity level in soil. These all impurities are classified by us
into 130 sections through the proper chemical identification.
Due to increase of toxicity levels in soil caused by soil
pollution, the reliability of soil quality decreases and hence the need for
Physico-chemical analysis of soil arises to check parameters such as color,
alkalinity, chloride, sulphate, PH , conductivity, sodium and potassium.
Materials & Methodology:
Twenty five representative soil samples were collected in the
depth of 0-25 cm from the surface of soil from different places of the
city in the year 2017. Sample no 1 to 5 from central Shahjahnapur
city, samples from 6 to 10 numbers from western part of
Shahjahanpur, samples from 11 to 15 from the eastern part of the city,
from 16 to 20 from the northern part of the city and from 21 to 25
from the southern part of the city were collected for analysis. The soil
samples were preserved in polythene bags. Air dry the soil samples in
shade, crush the soil clods lightly and grind with the help of pestle and
mortar, pass the entire quantity through 2mm stainless steal sieve, if
the gravel content is substantial record as percent of the sample (w/w)
as to pass it through 0.2 to 0.5 mm sieves, processing of the samples
for analysis. The chemicals and reagents used for analysis were of
A.R. grade from S.D Fine and Merck. Standard instrumental and non
instrumental methods were used for estimation of below mentioned
parameters. The methods are as shown in the table-1:
METHODS USED FOR ANALYASIS
S.N. Parameter Method
1 Colour By viewing
2 Alkalinity Volumetric method
3 Chloride Volumetric method
4 Sulphate Gravimetric method
5 pH pH metry
6 Conductivity Conductometry
7 Sodium Flamephotometry
8 Potassium Flamephotometry
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Expiremental:
The quality test survey of the soil was conducted in 2017.
Twenty five villages from Shahjahanpur covering North, South, East
and West regions were selected for this study. A representative soil
sample collected from each village which represent soils of 5 to 10
farm's depending upon area of village. Representative soil samples
were collected following standard Quartering procedure and taken in
polythene bags. In laboratory these samples were analyzed for
different chemical parameters following standard methods. AR grade
reagents and double distilled water were used for soil analysis. Results
were compared with standard values to find out low, medium or high
nutrient's content essential for Short Tandem Repeat ( or STR)
PHYSICO - CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
The collected samples were analyzed for major Physical and
Chemical soil quality parameter like Color, PH, Electrical
Conductivity (EC), Organic Carbon (OC), Nitrogen (N) . (P) , (K).
Mention for K and P also. The Color of Soil sample was observed
visually and it was found to be black for all the samples.Organic
matter is oxidized with chromic acid (Potassium Di-chromate, +
H2So4) . This method is widely used in Indian Laboratories. The K
and P analysis by standard method. PH was measured using PH meter,
EC was measured using a conductivity meter, OC was measured using
colorimeter, Potassium was measured using Flame photometer
Phosphorus was measured using Spectrophotometer. All apparatus are
Systronic make.
DETERMINATION OF SOIL
(1) Soil Temperature :- Soil temperature is one of the most
important soil properties that effect crop growth. The major source of
heat is sun and heat generated by the chemical and biological activity
of the soil is negligible.
(2) PH :- The soil reaction or PH is an indication of the acidity or
alkalinity of the soil. The PH is very important property of the soil
determines the capacity. The PH values fluctuated less than 8.5 (table-
2) .The limit of PH value for soil Acidic. < 6.5, Normal 6.5-7.8,
Alkaline 7.8- 8.5, Alkali > 8.5.
(3) EC :- Total soluble salts are estimated from electrical conductivity
(EC) of aqueous soil extracts. Standard value of EC in soil- Normal <
0.8 dsm-1 critical for salt sensitive crops, critical for salt tolerant crops
1.6 -2.5 dsm-1, Injurious to most crops > 2.5.
(4) OC :- The heat of nitrogen in soil and its determination is often
carried out as an index of nitrogen availability. In the colorimeter
method ( Datta et al, 1962), Organic matter is oxidized with chromic
acid. OC in Lunawada taluka 0.23 to 0.85 (table no.2) .Standard value
of OC low < 0.50, medium 0.50- 0.75 and high > 0.75.
(5) Phosphorus :- Phosphorus was found in the range of low, medium,
high (table no.2) . Inorganic phosphorus as orthophosphate plays a
dynamic role in aquatic ecosystem. Phosphorus , the most important
micro nutrient, is utilized by plant in the form of H2PO4- & HPO4 2-
species. (6) Potassium :- Standard value of K as K2O in soil low < 140
kg K2O ha-1medium 140-280 kg K2O ha-1high > 280 kg K2O ha-1.
Potassium was found in the range of low, medium , high (table no.1).
K though present in small amount in soil sample, plays a vital role in
the metabolism of fresh water and considered to be an important
micronutrient. The K is relatively abundant in the earth's crust, most of
it is not accessible to plant. Experimental value of quality
characteristic especially N, P, K, of soil of Shahjahahanpur are present
in the table no. 1. Result are in tune with farming practices followed
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 KANZULIMAN ACADEMIC INTERNATIONAL ONLINE JOURNAL OF R AZAWIYÂT (KAIOJR) – 2019
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by farmers of this region. Most of the farmer's are using chemical

fertilizer, Urea and Nitrogen fertilizer only since last 25 to 30 years 20 Rausar Kothi 0.06 21 932
which contains concentrated amount of Nitrogen, OC & Phosphorus.
On the basis of these results farmers are advised to use integrated
nutrient management practice to maintain optimum concentration of 21 Mishripur 0.04 25 532
all the essential nutrients for plants. Farmers are also advised to add
bio-fertilizers containing organic carbon and nitrogen solubilising 22 Keruganj 0.08 44 745
bacteria. Table 1 : Study of Presence of N, P, K, in the soil of District:
Shahjahanpur.
23 Chaanda pur 0.04 33 854

S.N. Name of Villages K P N

24 Bhargawaan 0.07 70 754

1 Padra Sikandarpur 0.04 37 226

25 Kahiliya 0.05 91 426

2 Kaant 0.07 100 354

Result and Discussion
3 Jalajabad 0.05 30 254 The values of physicochemical parameters are presented in table
2. The colour of soil sample was observed visually and it was found to
be black for all the samples.
4 Barnayi 0.05 57 270
Total
Sample
5 Hathora 0.06 12 299 Area Name x y Skin
No
Harms
6 Ghanta Ghar 0.04 38 333 4 2 6
1 Padra Sikandarpur
7 Chaar khamba 0.08 74 367 2 0 2
2 Kaant
8 Cant Area 0.04 16 301 3 1 4
3 Jalajabad
9 Kutchery 0.07 42 281 1 1 2
4 Barnayi
10 Ban taara 0.05 80 234 3 3 6
5 Hathora
11 Ibrahimpur 0.05 66 498 0 2 2
6 Ghanta Ghar
12 Jamuka 0.06 15 289 4 3 7
7 Chaar khamba
13 Rauza 0.04 74 311 7 3 10
8 Kutchery
14 Bhatpura 0.08 46 923 0 5 5
9 Ban taara
15 Tilhar 0.04 72 728 2 6 8
10 Ibrahimpur
16 Katra 0.04 27 635 8 0 8
11 Jamuka
17 Powaya 0.07 59 556 3 4 7
12 Rauza
18 Banda 0.05 55 506 0 2 2
13 Bhatpura
19 Khutar 0.05 61 678 4 0 4
14 Tilhar

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 KANZULIMAN ACADEMIC INTERNATIONAL ONLINE JOURNAL OF R AZAWIYÂT (KAIOJR) – 2019
e-ISSN: Applied@23781 p-ISSN: Application@RNI:23782@2019025637

properties of soil, if the soil is contaminated by chemicals or if it is

15 1 1 2 aline, the depth of all soil samples studied the chemical effects on soil
Katra
compaction characterizations through electrical conductivity. He

16 2 1 3 showed that if the soil is more acidic it shows electric conductivity

Powaya value very high. The presence of potassium in soil is in the form of
bonded potassium between the layers of soil. In the present analysis
17 7 2 9 high potassium content was observed in the western part of
Banda
Shahjahanpur City, the highest concentration is 190ppm and the
18 0 5 5 lowest is 100 ppm. In some parts it is observed that potassium content
Khutar
is below detectable limit.

19 2 3 5
Rausar Kothi Discussion:
As it is concerned that total no of soil elements though which
20 4 2 6 dry abolition can not performed are 130 as explained by by Imam
Mishripur
Ahmad Raza (Alaihirr Rahma) in fatwa Razavia Shareef. Our study

21 0 5 5 verifies this number in our research though a schematic chemical

Keruganj approach. The experiment is done over the 25 samples of soil
collected from the remote areas of the city shahjahnpur.
22 4 2 6 This case study accomplishes the available N, P, K deficient
Chaanda pur
soil is recommended rich fertilizer. To predict the probable crop
23 0 4 4 response to applied nutrients.To identify the type and degree of soil
Bhargawaan
related problems like salinity, alkalinity and acidity etc. and to suggest
7 1 8 appropriate reclamation / amelioration measure. To find out suitability
24 Kahiliya for growing crops and orchard. To find out suitability for irrigation.
To study the soil genesis. The soil sample studied area of vill.gurri
25 2 2 4 distt.shahjahanpur .has been found to be fit for crop productivity
Kutchery

Conclusion:
Grand Total 130 The conclusion can be drawn that this study of physicochemical
& Biological elements of soil samples showed dissimilar values at
different places. This can be due to the irregular distribution of
x : No of Biological harmful bacteria
different parameters present in soil. Such type of monitoring of soil
y: No of Chemical harmful components
samples is beneficial to know the concentrations of various parameters
Hence we observed total 130 harmful things(x+y) inside the 25
present in soil samples. But our study is purely quantitative based to
collected samples of soil.
verify the number of 130. As it is concerned that total no of soil
Alkalinity is a measure of saline or salt effected soil, the pH of
though which dry abolition can not performed are 130 as explained by
these soils is greater than 7. These soils occur most extensively in
Imam Ahmad Raza (Alaihirr Rahma) in fatwa Razaviya Shareef. So
aired climates and as the city is aired the alkalinity value is ranging
our study verifies this number in our research though a schematic
from 2.2 to 84 meq/100gm. Chloride in the soil samples was found by
chemical approach.
titratiration method, the chloride content was very variable at all the
places, it ranged from 1.23 to 1.98 g/100gm. Sulphate concentration
was low in the first five sample, it was medium in the samples from
REFERENCES
[1] Al-Ataya an-Nabawiyyah fil Fatawa ar-Ridawiyyah (Bestowal of
the western part and the highest concentration of 0.742g was found in
Prophetic blessings in Razvi rulings) by Ala Hazrat Imama Ahmad
the western part of the city. We have worked on the determination of
Raza
available K, P & N in Soil Samples by UV spectroscopy. Sulphate
[2] Dr. Dalwadi M.R. Dr. Bhatt V.R. soil and water testing Anand,
may be obtained in soil from the absorption of untreated waste water.
Gujarat India 2008
pH of the soil sample ranged from 7.1 to 8.95. The values of pH
Rawds.R,Earth is first Organics, Chemical Engineering News,
showed that they lie in the alkaline side of the pH scale. Many workers
Compendium on Soil health Report American Chemical Society,
have reported the values of pH in their investigations. Mr. Farhan have
20-22, (1997).
investigated his test at Soil mechanics lab & Strength of material Lab
[3] Sinha A.K. and Shrivastav, Earth Resource and Environmental
situated in Integral University, Campus on Vill Gurri in Shahjahanpur
issues, 1st edition. ABD publisher Jaipur, India 2000.[4] Kaur. H,
District of UP (India) have also found pH of soil samples in the
Environmental Chemistry 2nd Edition, Pragati Prakashan
alkaline range.
416,(2002).
The investigation was done for conductivity, pH and also for
[4] Guptap P.K, Methods in Environmental analysis, 2nd Edition
potassium. We also found pH of all the ten samples out of eleven in
Agrobios, Kota, India 101,(2000).
the alkaline range. The pH range of 6 to 8 is useful for the growth of
[5] Miller. R.W and Donahue. R.L, Soils in our Environment 7th
plants. The value of conductivity is lying within the range of 0.9 to 1.9
edition Prentice Hall Ine, New Jersey-07362, 67-68., (1995)
m mohs. The value of conductivity is the measure of ions present in
the sample. The conductivity values can vary with the chemical

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