Chapter 1 5 PDF

BESTLINK COLLEGE OF THE PHILIPPINES 1
CHAPTER 1
The Problem and Its Background
This chapter discusses the introduction, background of the study,
setting of the study, statement of the problem, hypothesis, scope and
limitation of the study, significance of the study and definition of terms.
Introduction
Subway is a public transport that can carry a large number of
people to their destinations in a convenient and safe way. Unlike Light
Rail Transit (LRT) and Metro Rail Transit (MRT) that operates above the
ground. Subway is a type of rapid transit system that operates
underground using electric units or rail transit. Also, Subway is
considered to be distinct with its designated stations for the commuters
that can find generally in urban areas.
One of the biggest problems in the Philippines is the daily heavy
traffic jam, mostly in rush hours, particularly around Metro Manila that
causes delayed of appointments and consume large amount of time
among the Filipino commuters. To solve the mentioned problem, the
study of Subway Metro is planned to be located in the places where it is
congested and has the large number of commuters, as well as the large
amount of private and public vehicles. In addition, the location plan of the
“Be trained to be the best, be linked to success”

infrastructure locates in the safest place around Metro Manila to secure
the safety of every commuter. In total the Subway Metro will have thirteen
(13) stations around Metropolitan Manila.
Subway Metro has benefits in every commuter, the miniature
depicts the advancement of technology in the Philippines, it will be a
great solution to the Metro Manila’s long-term problem on the road which
is the heavy traffic jam. Therefore, the results of this study will be a part
of an important change inside the country, a change wherein the people
will afford and will be in less hardship in terms of transportation.
Setting of the Study
Figure 1. Setting of the Study

Subway Metro has its own designated stations and areas for the
commuters. The main station is located in Mindanao Avenue, next
stations are in North Avenue and Quezon Avenue, one in East Avenue as
well, the next two stations are in Anonas and Katipunan, followed by the
stations in Ortigas North and Ortigas South, next in Kalayaan Avenue,
followed by the stations in Bonifacio Global City, Cayetano Boulevard and
Food Terminal Incorporated then the last stop is in Ninoy Aquino
International Airport (NAIA).
The following places above were chosen because these locations
will not run over the Western Valley Fault, therefore it is secure to
construct the Subway Metro in these places for safety is guaranteed.
Based on the Department of Transportation the length of the
approved Metro Manila Subway Line 9 (originally named as Mega Metro
Subway) is 25 km or 16 miles.
Statement of the Problem
This study aimed to develop and construct a miniature of a
Subway Metro that would likely be located around Metro Manila.
Specifically, this study seeks answers to the following questions:
1. How do the Electrical/Civil Engineers and 4th year Architecture
Students assessed the level of acceptability of the Subway Metro
Miniature in terms of

1.1 construction materials,
1.2 procedural methodology,
1.3 mechanism, and
1.4 presentation?
2. Is there any significant difference between the assessments of the
two groups of respondents in terms of the aforecited variables?
3. What are the problems encountered during the construction and
development of the Subway Metro Miniature?
4. What are the suggestions and recommendations forwarded by the
two groups of respondents to improve the project?
Hypothesis
This study hypothesized that there is no significant difference
between the assessments of the two groups of respondents on the level
of acceptability of Subway Metro Miniature in terms of construction
materials, procedural methodology, mechanism, and presentation.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
Purposively, this study was limited to only five (5) Electrical/Civil
Engineers and ten (10) 4th year Architecture Students who answered the
instrument. These two groups of respondents assessed the level of
acceptability of Subway Metro Miniature in terms of construction
materials, procedural methodology, mechanism, and presentation.

This study also limits its scope in the following materials that was
use in developing the miniature of the Subway Metro namely,
cardboards, barbeque sticks, used folders, glue sticks, shoe glues,
double-sided tapes, DC motors, LED lights, switch, plastic covers, paints,
pens, ruler, battery, customize wheels from cardboards, pushpins, clay,
scissors, cutters, nail polish, electrical wirings, photo paper and sand
paper.
The following were the procedures undertaken in the construction
of Subway Metro Miniature: the researchers established the desired
dimension and measurements of the miniature of Subway Metro, made
an infrastructure plan as a pattern for the construction, executed the
process of making trains with cardboards, prepared and engaged the DC
motor with its electrical wirings, made the rail road out of a barbeque
sticks, fixed platform (flat surface that is next to the rail road) to its place
with the use of cardboards as a platform, then lastly, the researchers
executed and designed the little details on the stations to complete the
miniature of Subway Metro.
Significance of the Study
This study will work as an advantage and is beneficial to the
following group of persons:

Students. The outcome of this study will be an encouragement to
the students on helping them to develop their full potentials in making a
research project. Also, they will be able to improve their talents, patients,
and skills on the matter.
Teachers. The results of the study will be an inspiration for the
teachers to motivate and guide their students to strive more on
developing their capabilities, abilities, and as well as their individual skills.
Administrators. This study will serve as an eye opener to the
administrators and strand heads to become more effective leaders
because they will witness the perseverance of the researchers while
conducting the research.
Future Researchers. This study will be a reference for the future
researchers, helping them to be more efficient while doing research
project.
Parents. The product of this study will make parents proud of their
children, as they knew, without their financial support, this study will not
be possible.
Definition of Terms
For better understanding and comprehension of this study, the
following terms were theoretical and operationally defined:

Architecture Students. These are students in college who are
learning how to design a building, plan, or projects. They are also
capable of checking the acceptability of a floor plan.
Construction Materials. These are the materials that can be
utilized in constructing the Subway Metro miniature. In this study the
researchers used cardboards, barbeque sticks/banana cue sticks, used
folders, colored papers, glue sticks, glue gun, shoe glue, double sided
tapes, DC motors, LED lights, switch, plastic covers, paints, pen, ruler,
battery, wheels, scissors, cutters, electrical wirings, plywood, sand paper.
Engineers are professionals who finished an engineering courses
like Civil Engineering, Electrical Engineering, and Mechanical
Engineering. They are reliable professionals who can assess the
acceptability of a floor plan.
Mechanism. Refers to the overall function of the Subway Metro
miniature.
Presentation. This is how well the Subway Metro Miniature was
organized and presented as a proposal for the first Subway Metro in the
Philippines, if ever possible.
Procedural Methodology. It refers to the step by step procedures
followed to construct the Subway Metro Miniature.

CHAPTER 2
Review of Related Literatures and Studies
This chapter presents the review of related literature and studies
which will provide necessary and vital information on how research
projects were designed and developed. It also includes the synthesis of
both literatures and studies in terms of local and foreign settings. And
also indicates the theoretical and conceptual frameworks of the study.
Local Literature
Micromo Philippines (2018) pointed out that model train sets are
classic model-making applications. Whereas previously items were
roughly molded from tin, today fine detail is called for. As well as
appearance, the focus is increasingly on realistic handling. Modern
electronics allow a large number of locomotives to be controlled digitally
with no complex wiring or different power supplies. A micro drive in the
model locomotive provides the link between the electronics and the
mechanism, enabling delicate shunting operations and interurban
journeys with many wagons to be replicated accurately to scale.
It is nevertheless essential that every detail is accurate and that
the model’s driving performance is appropriate. The locomotive’s
undercarriage and body are die-cast in metal with added plastic parts.

This allows even the smallest details to be faithfully replicated in series
production. To match the original, realistic lights are integrated using tiny,
warm-white LEDs. The lighting switches to the direction of travel
automatically.
When it comes to the drive, certain mechanical and physical
conditions need to be considered. As on large locomotives, traction (and,
on the model, power transmission) between the wheel and the track is a
crucial factor. A small motor generates only low torque, but requires a
high engine speed. The engine speed must now be geared down relative
to the model scale and the size of the drive wheels. Other electronic
components can transmit digital control signals to the drive or lights and
auxiliary equipment, for example. All this must function reliably out of
sight for many years while taking up minimal space.
Guzman (2018) wrote that dc motors are inexpensive, small, and
powerful motors that are widely used. Gear-train reductions are typically
needed to reduce the speed and increase the torque output of the motor.
DC motors in toys such as remote controlled cars, trains and many more,
hence this motor is also called as motor. Nevertheless, this motor can
also be used for many other common purposes and is mostly used by
beginner level electronics hobbyist. They are very rugged and easy to
use and control with commonly available and wide range of voltage

levels. These motors can rotate in either direction and speed control is
also possible, however do not expect a very fast speed and high torque
from these small guys. The good news is that this motor is relatively
cheap compared to other motors. So if you are looking for a pocket
friendly motor for some basic electronics projects, then this motor could
be the right choice.
Foreign Literature
Cussen (2017) pointed out that model trains all run on electricity.
In the simplest form, power goes out from the train transformer or power
pack through one wire connected to the track and into one of the rails.
Electricity goes up from the rail through the metal wheels on the
locomotive and into the electric motor, causing it to run. From there it
goes back down through the wheels on the other side of the locomotive,
into the opposite rail and back to the transformer.
Three-rail tinplate trains such as Lionel and Ives take power from
the center rail and return the power on the outside two rails. This allows
small children to make any kind of track arrangement they want without
having to deal with the short circuits that result from reversing loops. A
reversing loop is any arrangement where the train ends up back on the
track it came from, going the other direction.

Most model train accessories also run on electricity, usually also
taken from a transformer or power pack (although often not the one used
to run the train). Building lights, electric uncoupling tracks, coal and scrap
metal loaders, crossing gates and signals and other accessories too
numerous to mention all take their power this way. O-gauge trains usually
use AC current, while scale model trains use DC.
Jimmycox (2018) wrote that no matter what kind of train,
electricity will run it. Like a choochooing, smoke-puffing steam engine or
a growling diesel. It makes no difference, for a tiny electric motor working
through a worm-drive makes the wheels go round. The motor pushes an
extra piston on your steam loco, puffing out smoke which is really
vaporized oil, and making the lifelike sounds of the engine.
Electricity lights the headlight, blows the whistle, and actuates the
switch that sends your train into reverse. It throws remote-control
switches, works the uncoupler, and causes the racing baggage car to
pick up the mailbag on a stanchion without slowing down. Electricity
operates the unloading cars, the talking station, and trackside loading
devices. Since it does so many things, perhaps it should learn a little
more about this versatile and powerful tool.

Local Studies
According to Carbajal (2017) motor have torque-speed curves for
a fixed input voltage from a battery, the motor speed slows down as it is
loaded. With no load on the shaft (free-running), the motor runs at the no-
load speed (NLS), the fastest possible speed for that voltage. When the
shaft is fully loaded and not allowed to move, the speed is zero and the
motor is producing its stall torque (ST), the maximum possible torque. For
DC motors, the output torque is proportional to the current going into the
motor no matter what the motor speed. The straight line relation between
torque and current is the torque current curve. Also the DC, permanent
magnet, brushed electric motor is the workhorse of small, powered
mechanical system.
According to Contreras (2017), RF370CA15 DC motor is a
medium speed, low current, medium torque DC motor. Rated for 12 volts
DC; but it operates safely with 3.0V up to 12V and can be used for toys,
hobbies, science and technology experiments, robots, and automation. It
has two electrical contacts in the back that may be used to plug a
connector or simply attach a wire with or without soldering. The shaft is
2mm in diameter and about 10 mm in length. This kind of DC motors can
be easily operated with small batteries and solar panels. Quiet and
smooth operation of this motor makes it a perfect choice for indoor.

Foreign Studies
Li (2016) given rising energy prices and environmental concerns,
train energy-efficient operation techniques are paid more attention as one
of the effective methods to reduce operation costs and energy
consumption. Generally speaking, the energy-efficient operation
technique includes two levels, which optimize the timetable and the
speed profile, among successive stations, respectively. To achieve better
performance, their study proposes to optimize the integrated timetable,
which includes both the timetable and the speed profiles. They provide an
analytical formulation to calculate the optimal speed profile with fixed trip
time for each section. Then, design a numerical algorithm to distribute the
total trip time among different sections and prove the optimality of the
distribution algorithm. Furthermore, they extend the algorithm to generate
the integrated timetable. Finally, they present some numerical examples
based on the operation data from the Beijing Yuzhuang subway line. The
simulation results show that energy reduction for the route is 14.5%. The
computation time for finding the optimal solution is 0.15 s, which implies
that the algorithm is fast enough to be used in the automatic train
operation (ATD) system for real-time control.

Webb (2018) if tube journeys are too fast, relative to going by
road, then the modal predicts an increase in the overall level of
congestion. This is because the locations outside the city center, where
people switch transport mode, become bottle neck. According to the
findings of Journal Royal Society Interface, the researcher calculate that
London’s system would function best with underground trains travelling
about 1.2 times faster than the average speed on the roads. This makes
the optimum tube speed approximately 13 meter per hour (21 kilometers
per hour); the current average is 21 meter per hour (33 kilometers per
hour).
Synthesis of the Related Literatures and Studies
Local literature from Micromo Philippines (2018) and Guzman
(2018) both mentioned the locomotive function of train using DC motor.
Also literature from Micromo Philippines have mentioned that micro drive
in the model locomotive provides the linkage between the electronics and
the mechanisms of a Subway train. While according to the literature from
Guzman (2018) the DC motors from toys are considered a pocket friendly
motor for some basic electronics projects.
Foreign literature from Cussen (2017) and Jimmycox (2018) were
both acknowledging that electricity performs a vital part in moving or

running all kinds of train therefore also in a Subway Train. They also
concluded that it needs a lot of learning to be informed about the
versatility of this kind of transportation.
Local studies from Carbajal (2017) and Contreras (2017) both
stated that every DC motor have its own torque speed curves for fixed
input voltage from a battery. Also stated that an output torque is
proportional to the current going into the motor no matter what the speed
is. Also both studies have agreed that DC motors can be used for toys,
science and technology, robots and automation. In addition, a study from
Contreras (2017) have mentioned that DC motors can be easily operated
with small batteries and solar panels.
Foreign studies from Webb (2018) and Li (2016) found out that
Subway Trains are cogently effective and necessary than the other usual
means of transportation for these are the type that does not need energy
consumption excessively, unlike the conventional means of
transportation. These reduce operation cost as well. Both of these foreign
studies encloses that with subway metro functioning around specific area
therefore it is only natural that a decrease in the level of congestion is
observable.

Theoretical Framework
The research project was anchored and relying to the theory of
Diemer (2015) that recognizes the research project as being able to
simulate, intricate real-life situations and contexts to investigate complex
human needs. It was as well stated that research project is done through
the conducting of interviews, surveys, and experiments by only engaging
questions, and conversing along with the respondents. Studying project
reports, documents from the web or by observing the environment and
building devices.
This study had gather relevant and vital data with concern to the
Subway Metro by only in the means of studying and observing how can
the miniature of Subway Metro be accomplished through the utilization of
the in need materials.
Conceptual Framework
According to Jabareen (2015), a conceptual framework is an
analytical tool with several variations and contexts. It can be applied in
different categories of work where an overall picture is needed. It is used
to make conceptual distinctions and organize ideas.
This study has made use of Input – Process – Output (IPO) model
as a system of the conceptual model of the study.

The figure 1 shows that the input of this study is consist of 5
Engineers and 10 Architecture Students as the respondents of the study;
the materials such as cardboards, barbeque sticks, used folders, glue
sticks, shoe glues, double-sided tapes, DC motors, LED lights, switch,
plastic covers, paints, pens, ruler, battery, customize wheels from
cardboards, pushpins, clay, scissors, cutters, nail polish, electrical
wirings, photo paper and sand paper ;review of related literature and
studies; and the theory guided by Diemer (2015).
The process of the study along with the assessment on the level of
acceptability of the Subway Metro Miniature in terms of construction
materials, procedural methodology, mechanism, and presentation; also
with the significant difference between the assessments of the two
groups of respondents in terms of the afore cited variables; and the
collecting data from befitting constructional materials, and guidelines
and/or procedures in constructing the miniature.
The output of this study was the developed Subway Metro
Miniature.

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
10 Engineers Assessment on the level

10 Architecture Students of acceptability of the
Subway Metro Miniature
Materials: in terms of
cardboards, barbeque 1. construction
sticks, used folders, glue materials,
2. procedural
sticks, shoe glues, double-
methodology
sided tapes, DC motors,
3. mechanism,
LED lights, switch, plastic
4. presentation
covers, paints, pens, ruler,
battery, customize wheels Significant difference
from cardboards, between the assessments Subway Metro
pushpins, clay, scissors, of the two groups of Miniature
cutters, nail polish, respondents in terms of
electrical wirings, photo the afore cited variables.
paper and sand paper.
Collect data from:
Review of Related 1. Befitting

Literature and Studies constructional
materials.
Theory by Diemer (2015) 2. Guidelines
and/or
Survey Questionnaire procedures in
constructing the
Subway Metro
Miniature
FEEDBACK
Figure 2. Conceptual Model of the Study

CHAPTER 3
Methods of Research
This chapter presents the research design, sampling, respondents
of the study, instrument used, and construction of the project, materials
used, procedures, and statistical treatment of data.
Research Design
This study utilized the quantitative research methods of the study.
According to Babbie (2010), quantitative research methods
emphasize objective measurements and the statistical, mathematical, or
numerical analysis of data collected through polls, questionnaires, and
surveys, or by manipulating pre-existing statistical data
using computational techniques. Quantitative research focuses on
gathering numerical data and generalizing it across the groups of people
or to explain a particular phenomenon.
Sampling
Purposive sampling was utilized in this study where two groups
of respondents composed of the 5 Electrical/Civil Engineers and 10 4th
year Architecture Students of National University answered the
instrument making a total of fifteen (15) samples.

Respondents of the Study
Table 1 shows the frequency distribution of the two groups of
respondents. It is shown in Table 1 that 5 or 33 percent of the
respondents were Engineers and 10 or 67 percent were Architecture
Students.
TABLE 1
Respondents of the Study
Respondents Frequency Percentage
Engineers 5 33%
Architecture Students 10 67%
TOTAL 15 100%
Instrument Used
The instrument utilized in this study was the questionnaire. Part 1
of the questionnaire includes the profile of the respondent in terms of
name (optional), board exam passed (for engineers), and highest
educational attainment (for Engineers). Part 2 of the questionnaire
consists of the criteria in assessing the level of acceptability of the
Subway Metro Miniature in terms of construction materials, procedural
methodology, mechanism, and presentation. Lastly, Part 3 of the

questionnaire consists of suggestions and recommendations of the two
groups to improve the project.
Construction of Subway Metro Miniature
The following procedures were undertaken in the process of
developing and constructing the Subway Metro Miniature:
1. Get the dimension of the Subway Metro together with the
measurements then make a floor plan.
2. Prepare the floor plan and avoid it from any form of damage.
3. Execute the process of making trains out of thin cardboards.
4. Strategize and perform the design of the train.
5. Arrange the DC motors with its electrical wirings and batteries.
6. Engage the DC motors in the train.
7. Make the railroads out of the barbeque sticks.
8. Prepare the cardboards and use it to make the platforms.
9. Engage the tiny bulbs in the ceiling of the miniature stations.
10. Make sure that the wirings of the bulbs are properly placed for
good quality lighting.
11. Paint the train, railroads, and the platforms for better
appearance.
12. Now the Subway Metro miniature can be presented.

Materials Used
This study utilized the materials needed to construct the Miniature
of Subway Metro.
TABLE 2
Materials Used
Quantit Description Picture Unit Price Total
3 pcs. Thinnest Php18.00 Php54.00
Cardboard
2 pcs Thin Php37.00 Php74.00
Cardboard
6 pcs. Thick Php57.00 Php342.00
Cardboard
2 Barbeque provided provided
bundles sticks
1 pc. Folder Php6.00 Php6.00
35 pcs.
Glue sticks Php5.00 Php175.00

20 pcs.
Shoe glue Php7.00 Php140.00
1 pc. Double sided

provided provided
tape
DC motor Php40.00 Php80.00

2 pcs.
28 pcs.
LED lights Php3.00 Php84.00
4 pcs.
Switch Php10.00 Php40.00
Plastic cover provided provided

Yrd.
Paints Php30.00 Php120.00

4 pcs.
Poster Paints Php20.00 Php60.00

3pcs.
Nail Polish Php20.00 Php60.00

3 pcs.
Battery Php25.00 Php50.00

2 pcs.

Pushpins provided provided

24 pcs.
Sand paper provided provided

1 pc.
1 pack
Clay provided provided
4 pcs.
Photo Paper Php10.00 Php40.00
TOTAL PRICE Php
1,249.00
Table 2 displays the materials used in construction of the
miniature. Quantity shows the exact amount that the description needs.
Description is the materials or equipment that is important in constructing
the Subway Metro Miniature while picture is the illustration of a specific
materials or equipment. Unit price is the value of each materials and total
is the overall money needed for the tools needed in the project. The
materials used in the study are 3 pieces of thinnest cardboard
(Php54.00), 2 pieces of thin cardboard (Php74.00), 6 pieces of thick

cardboard (Php342.00), 2 bundles of barbeque sticks (provided), 35
pieces of glue sticks (Php175.00), 20 pieces of shoe glues (Php140.00),
double-sided tape (provided), 2 pieces of DC motors (provided), 28
pieces of LED lights (84 pesos), 4 pieces of switches (Php40.00),
yard of plastic cover (provided), 24pieces of pushpins (provided), 4
pieces of paints (Php120.00), 3 pieces of poster paints (Php60.00), 3 nail
polish (Php60.00) 8 pieces of batteries (provided), 12 pieces of 1 meter
wires (Php60.00), and 1 piece of sand paper (provided), 1pack of clay
(provided), 4 pieces of photo paper (Php40.00) which have a total price of
Php1,249.00.
Procedures
The following were the procedures in constructing the Subway
Metro miniature.
1. Make the template of the station
1.1 Estimate the actual measurement of the miniature in the
paper where the template will be drawn. Draw the floor plan in
1cm: 1m scale.
1.2 Draw lines on the 2 edges of the paper that will serve as
the rail track and indicate the actual measurements of the station.

1.3 Note the 3-meter line for the width of the rail track
on both edges.
1.4 Draw a 5-meter line next to the rail track on the upper
part of the floor plan then draw a 5-meter line before the rail track
on the lower part of the floor plan that will serve as the area for the
paid commuters or passengers.

1.5 Draw a 7.5-meter line to the right and 8.5-meter line
downward. Leave a 4.5-meter gap for the stairs. Continue another
8.5-meter line downward and close it with a line measuring 7.5
meter to the left.
1.6 Draw a 7.5-meter line to the left and 8.5-meter line
downward. Leave a 4.5-meter gap for the stairs. Continue another

8.5-meter line downward and close it with a line measuring 7.5
meter to the right.
Figure 3. Floor Plan of the Station.

1.7 Add the little details of designs in the floor plan. These
include the stairs to the station, the pillars in the station, and the
turnstile before the waiting area, the comfort rooms, and the ticket
booths. Then indicate all the actual measurements of details of the
floor plan station of this Subway Metro in meters.
2. Make the template of the train
2.1 Draw the desire dimension of the train, both in front view
and side view. The side view of the train must have the
measurement of a 14 meters size in length and a 2.90 meters in
width. While the front view must have the measurement of a 2.60
meters size in length and a 2.90 meters in width.
2.2 Draw the wheel sets of the train, every set of train must
consist of 16 wheels. 8 wheels on the front and 8 wheels on the
back.

2.3 Make sure to indicate the measurement of every
dimension. The sets of the wheel must have a measurement of 2
meters, every set of wheels must have the gap of 10.40 meters from
each other.
2.4 Draw the personal design of the train, for example the
windows, the doors, and the shadings.

Figure 4. Elevation Plan of the Train

3. Choose the construction materials. According to the data that were
displayed in Table 2. This research project on Subway Metro Miniature
have utilized folders, cardboards, and DC motors, which were the domain
materials for the miniature. These domain materials should be accurately
measured, cut and made in accordance to the floor plan and template.
4. Create the trains and the railway. Note the dimensions of the train,
every train should have exact sizes and the railway needs to be
consistent on its width and length. Place the train on the railway; make
sure to put the wheels exactly on the railway which is exclusively
designed for the train’s wheel.

5. Prepare the DC motors and batteries with its electrical wirings.
Observe the function of the DC motors and the batteries. Each wiring
should be cautiously set, because it is very sensitive and in fact the
effectiveness of the miniature depends on the function of the DC Motors
for the mechanism and batteries for the lights.
6. Color the edge trains and assemble the DC motors with it. Make
sure that the trains are working satisfyingly. Cover the DC motor to
protect it from possible damages. Choose an appropriate color for the
train that will match the color of the stations.

7. Create the design of the stations. These pertain to the overall
designs of the stations including the waiting areas, the stairs to the
station, the ticket booth whether necessary. Use paint and choose a good
color for the stations. Add little details of design to make the miniature
even more presentable.
Statistical Treatment of Data
The following statistical tools used:
1. Relative Frequency is the measure of the number of times
that an event occurs.
2. Weighted Mean is an average computed by giving different
weights to some of the individual values. Whereas weighted
means generally behave in a similar approach to arithmetic

means, they do have a few counter instinctive properties.
(Menzemer, 2017)
x=
Where:
x = Weighted mean
= Total Number of Response
N = Total Number of Respondents
3. t-test was used to determine whether significant difference
exist between the assessment of the two group of
respondents in terms of construction materials, procedural
methodology, mechanism, and speed or presentation. The
formula used to compare two different set of values. The
formula for t-test was (Menzemer, 2017)
t=
Where:
t = t – computed value
= means of the Electrical/Civil Engineers
= mean of the SS 4th year Architecture Students
= variance of the Electrical/Civil Engineers

= variance of 4th year Architecture Students
= Electrical/Civil Engineers
= 4th year Architecture Students
Rating Weighted Mean Verbal Interpretation Symbol
5 4.50 – 5.00 Very Highly Acceptable VHA
4 3.50 – 4.49 Highly Acceptable HA
3 2.50 – 3.49 Acceptable A
2 1.50 – 2.49 Moderately Acceptable MA
1 1.00 – 1.49 Least Acceptable LA
To determine the significant difference between the assessments
of the two group of respondents in terms of construction materials,
procedural methodology, mechanism, and presentation.
The tabulated value 2.650 of 0.01 level of significance and a 13
degree of freedom was used to accept or reject the hypothesis.

CHAPTER 4
Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation of Data
This chapter presents the tables that answers the statement of the
problem; also presents the analysis and interpretation of the gathered
data.
Sub Problem 1. How do the two groups of respondents assess the level
of acceptability of the Subway Metro miniature in terms of:
1.1 construction materials,
TABLE 3
Assessment as to Construction materials
Electrical/Civil 4TH Year

Engineers Architecture
Indicators Students
V.I V.I
Appropriate for the 4.60 VHA 3.80 HA
construction
Accessible 4.20 HA 3.60 HA
Inexpensive 4.60 VHA 4.10 HA
Durable 4.20 HA 3.90 HA
Multi-purpose 4.00 HA 3.50 HA
Composite 4.32 HA 3.78 HA
Weighted Mean

Legend:
Rating Weighted Mean Verbal Interpretation Symbol
5 4.50 – 5.00 Very Highly Acceptable VHA
4 3.50 – 4.49 Highly Acceptable HA
3 2.50 – 3.49 Acceptable A
2 1.50 – 2.49 Moderately Acceptable MA
1 1.00 – 1.49 Least Acceptable LA
Table 3 shows the assessment as to construction materials of the
Subway Metro by the two group of respondents obtaining a composite
mean of 4.32 interpreted as Highly Acceptable in response of the
Engineers while the Architecture students had obtained a total response
of 3.78 interpreted as Highly Acceptable. When it comes to the
Appropriateness of the construction of the Subway Metro Miniature the
Engineers had acquire a total response of 4.60 interpreted as Very Highly
Acceptable while the Architecture students had obtained a total response
of 3.80 interpreted as Highly Acceptable. In terms of the accessibleness,
the Engineers got 4.20 interpreted as Highly Acceptable while the
Architecture students got 3.60 interpreted as Highly Acceptable. When it
comes to the Inexpensiveness the Engineers got 4.60 interpreted as Very

Highly Acceptable, while the Architecture students got 4.10 interpreted as
Highly Acceptable. In Durability the Engineers got 4.20 interpreted as
Highly Acceptable while the Architecture students got 3.90 interpreted as
Highly Acceptable. Lastly in terms of the multiple purpose of the
construction materials the Engineers had attained a total response of
4.00 interpreted as Highly Acceptable while the Architecture students had
obtained a total response of 3.50 interpreted as Highly Acceptable.
Guzman (2018) wrote that dc motors are inexpensive, small, and
powerful motors that are widely used. Gear-train reductions are typically
needed to reduce the speed and increase the torque output of the motor.
DC motors in toys such as remote controlled cars, trains and many more,
hence this motor is also called as motor. Nevertheless, this motor can
also be used for many other common purposes and is mostly used by
beginner level electronics hobbyist. The good news is that this motor is
relatively cheap compared to other motors. So if you are looking for a
pocket friendly motor for some basic electronic projects, then this motor
could be the right choice.
According to Contreras (2017), RF370CA15 DC motor is a
medium speed, low current, medium torque DC motor. Rated for 12 volts
DC; but it operates safely with 3.0V up to 12V and can be used for toys,
hobbies, science and technology experiments, robots, and automation. It

has two electrical contacts in the back that may be used to plug a
connector or simply attach a wire with or without soldering. The shaft is
2mm in diameter and about 10 mm in length. This kind of DC motors can
be easily operated with small batteries and solar panels. Quiet and
smooth operation of this motor makes it a perfect choice for indoor.
1.2 procedural methodology,
TABLE 4
Assessment as to Procedural Methodology
Electrical/Civil 4th Year

Indicators Engineers Architecture
Students
V.I V.I
Design from the floor 4.20 HA 3.90 HA
plan were pursued
Stations are assembled 3.60 HA 3.80 HA
according to procedure
Rail track are built 3.80 HA 4.00 HA
according to procedure
Trains are conducted 3.80 HA 4.00 HA
with accordance to
procedure
Measurement of 4.60 VHA 3.90 HA
materials are correctly
scaled
Composite weighted 4.00 HA 3.92 HA
mean

Table 4 shows the assessment as to Procedural Methodology of
the Subway Metro by the two group of respondents obtaining a
composite mean of 4.00 interpreted as Highly Acceptable in response of
the Engineers while the Architecture students had obtained a total
response of 3.92 interpreted as Highly Acceptable. When it comes to the
Design pursued from the floor plan the Engineers had acquired a total
response of 4.20 interpreted as Highly Acceptable while the Architecture
students had obtained a total response of 3.90 interpreted as Highly
Acceptable. In terms of the Accordance of the assembled station, the
Engineers got 3.60 interpreted as Highly Acceptable while the
Architecture students got 3.80 interpreted as Highly Acceptable. In the
Accordance of the Rail track the Engineers got 3.80 total of responses
interpreted as Highly Acceptable while the Architecture students got 4.00
interpreted as Highly Acceptable. In terms of the Conducted trains
according to procedure the Engineers got 3.80 interpreted as Highly
Acceptable while the Architecture students got 4.00 interpreted as Highly
Acceptable. Lastly in terms of the correctly scaled Measurements, the
Engineers had attained a total response of 4.60 interpreted as Very
Highly Acceptable while the Architecture students had obtained a total
response of 3.90 interpreted as Highly Acceptable.

Micromo Philippines (2018) pointed out every detail of a model
train sets is accurate and that the model’s driving performance is
appropriate. The locomotive’s undercarriage and body are die-cast in
metal with added plastic parts. This allows even the smallest details to be
faithfully replicated in series production. To match the original, realistic
lights are integrated using tiny, warm-white LEDs. The lighting switches
to the direction of travel automatically.
1.3 mechanism,
Table 5 shows the assessment as to Mechanism of the Subway
Metro by the two group of respondents obtaining a composite mean of
3.16 interpreted as Acceptable in response of the Engineers while the
Architecture students had obtained a total response of 3.70 interpreted as
Highly Acceptable. In terms of the Accurate Speed the Engineers had
acquired a total response of 2.80 interpreted as Acceptable while the
Highly Acceptable. In terms of the Well-functioning lights, the Engineers
got 4.40 interpreted as Highly Acceptable while the Architecture students
got 4.20 interpreted as Highly Acceptable. When it comes to the Well -
functioning Engines, the Engineers got 3.60 interpreted as Highly
Acceptable while the Architecture students got 3.70 interpreted as Highly
Acceptable. In terms of the Movement of the Trains with accordance to

the engine, the Engineers got 2.20 total of responses interpreted as
Moderately Acceptable while the Architecture students got 3.50
interpreted as Highly Acceptable. Lastly in terms of Spinning of the
Wheels, the Engineers had attained a total response of 2.80 interpreted
as Acceptable while the Architecture students had obtained a total
response of 3.50 interpreted as Highly Acceptable.
TABLE 5
Assessment as to Mechanism

Students
V.I V.I
Trains have accurate 2.80 A 3.60 HA

speed
Well-functioning 4.40 HA 4.20 HA
Lights
Well-functioning 3.60 HA 3.70 HA
Engines
Trains move 2.20 MA 3.50 HA
accordance to the
engine
Wheels spins properly 2.80 A 3.50 HA
depending from the
engines
Composite Weighted 3.16 A 3.70 HA
Mean

Cussen (2017) pointed out that model trains all run on electricity.
In the simplest form, power goes out from the train transformer or power
pack through one wire connected to the track and into one of the rails.
Electricity goes up from the rail through the metal wheels on the
locomotive and into the electric motor, causing it to run. From there it
goes back down through the wheels on the other side of the locomotive,
into the opposite rail and back to the transformer.
Jimmycox (2018) wrote that no matter what kind of train, electricity
will run it. Like a choochooing, smoke-puffing steam engine or a growling
diesel. It makes no difference, for a tiny electric motor working through a
worm-drive makes the wheels go round. The motor pushes an extra
piston on your steam loco, puffing out smoke which is really vaporized oil,
and making the lifelike sounds of the engine.
According to Carbajal (2017) motor have torque-speed curves for
a fixed input voltage from a battery, the motor speed slows down as it is
loaded. With no load on the shaft (free-running), the motor runs at the no-
load speed (NLS), the fastest possible speed for that voltage. When the
shaft is fully loaded and not allowed to move, the speed is zero and the
motor is producing its stall torque (ST), the maximum possible torque. For
DC motors, the output torque is proportional to the current going into the
motor no matter what the motor speed. The straight line relation between

torque and current is the torque current curve. Also the DC, permanent
magnet, brushed electric motor is the workhorse of small, powered
mechanical system.
1.4 presentation?
TABLE 6
Assessment as to Presentation

Students
V.I V.I
Measurements / 4.60 VHA 4.20 HA

sizes are equilibrium
Stations stability and 4.80 VHA 4.10 HA
designs are desirable
Well organized 4.40 HA 4.00 HA

overall mechanism
Small details are 4.60 VHA 3.80 HA
applied thoroughly
Trains appearance 4.40 HA 4.20 HA
are desirable
Composite Weighted 4.56 VHA 4.06 HA
Mean
Table 6 presents the assessment as to Presentation of the
Subway Metro by the two group of respondents obtaining a composite
mean of 4.56 interpreted as Very Highly Acceptable in response of the

Engineers while the Architecture students had obtained a total response
of 4.06 interpreted as Highly Acceptable. In terms of the equilibrium of the
measurements the Engineers had acquired a total response of 4.60
interpreted as Very Highly Acceptable while the Architecture students had
obtained a total response of 4.20 interpreted as Highly Acceptable. When
it comes to the Stability and Designs of the station, the Engineers got
4.80 interpreted as Very Highly Acceptable while the Architecture
students got 4.10 interpreted as Highly Acceptable. In the Overall
mechanism the Engineers got 4.40 total of responses interpreted as
Highly Acceptable while the Architecture students got 4.00 interpreted as
Highly Acceptable. In terms of the applied small details on the Subway
Station, the Engineers got 4.60 interpreted as Very Highly Acceptable
while the Architecture students got 3.80 interpreted as Highly Acceptable.
Lastly in terms of the Appearance of the train, the Engineers had attained
a total response of 4.40 interpreted as Highly Acceptable while the
Highly Acceptable.
Li (2016). To achieve better performance, their study proposes to
optimize the integrated timetable, which includes both the timetable and
the speed profiles. They present some numerical examples based on the

operation data from the Beijing Yuzhuang subway line. The simulation
results show that energy reduction for the route is 14.5%. The
computation time for finding the optimal solution is 0.15 s, which implies
that the algorithm is fast enough to be used in the automatic train
operation (ATD) system for real-time control.
Webb (2018) if tube journeys are too fast, relative to going by road,
then the modal predicts an increase in the overall level of congestion.
This is because the locations outside the city centre, where people switch
transport mode, become bottle neck.
TABLE 7
Summary Table on the Assessment of the Two Groups of
Respondents

Students
V.I V.I
Construction 4.32 HA 3.78 HA
Materials
Procedural 4.00 VHA 3.92 HA
Methodology
Mechanism 3.16 A 3.70 HA

Presentation 4.56 VHA 4.06 HA
Overall Weighted 4.01 HA 3.87 HA
Mean

Table 7 shows the assessment as to the Summary Table of the
Assessment on the Two Group of Respondents of the Subway Metro by
the two group of respondents obtaining a composite mean of 4.01
interpreted as Highly Acceptable in response of the Engineers while the
Highly Acceptable. When it comes to the Construction Materials the
Engineers had acquired a total response of 4.32 interpreted as Highly
Acceptable while the Architecture students had obtained a total response
of 3.78 interpreted as Highly Acceptable. In terms of the Procedural
Methodology, the Engineers got 4.00 interpreted as Highly Acceptable
while the Architecture students got 3.92 interpreted as Highly Acceptable.
In the Mechanism, the Engineers got 3.16 total of responses interpreted
as Acceptable while the Architecture students got 3.70 interpreted as
Highly Acceptable. In terms of the Presentation the Engineers got 4.56
interpreted as Very Highly Acceptable while the Architect students got
4.06 interpreted as Highly Acceptable.
Sub Problem 2. Is there any significant difference between the two
groups of respondents?
Table 8 shows the significant difference between the Assessments
of the Two Groups of Respondents wherein the Engineers obtained an

overall weighted mean of 4.01 interpreted as Highly Acceptable with the
variance of 1.1212; a t-computed of 3.84; a degree of freedom of 13 with
the value of 2.650; the t-computed > t-critical, therefore the assessment
of the Engineers is Accepted. On the other hand, Architecture Students
obtained an overall weighted mean of 3.87 interpreted as Highly
Acceptable with the variance of 2.0842; a t-computed of 3.84; a degree of
freedom of 13 with the value of 2.650; the t-computed > t-critical,
therefore the assessment of the Architecture students is Accepted.
There is no significant difference between the two groups of
respondents.
TABLE 8
Significant Difference between the Assessments
of the Two Groups of Respondents
Overall t- t-
Respondents Weighted Variance computed critical Re-
mean = marks
0.01
df = 13
Electrical/
Civil 4.01 1.1212 3.84 2.650 Accept
Engineers Ho
4th year Accept
Architecture 3.87 2.0842 3.84 2.650 Ho
Students

Sub Problem 3. What are the problems encountered during the
construction and development of the Subway Metro Miniature?
The following are the problems encountered during the
construction of the Subway Metro miniature;
3.1 Time mismanagement were one of the problems encountered
because each researcher has their individual responsibilities to be took
care at home.
3.2 Lack of some tools that could have helped the construction
become easier for the researchers.
3.3 Since the miniature were quite big, small space of the
construction setting have been a difficulty for the researchers.
Sub Problem 4. What are the suggestions and recommendations
forwarded by the two groups of respondents to improve the project?
The following were the suggestions and recommendations of the
two groups of respondents regarding the Subway Metro miniature.
4.1 In terms of the construction materials, some respondents
suggested to use Cintra boards, Berkeley boards, and Foam boards

instead of cardboards to be used on walls and columns for a presentable
appearance.
4.2 In terms of procedural methodology, some of the respondents
recommended the researchers to refer to different laws, design
guidelines and construction codes that are applicable to the miniature.
4.3 When it comes to the Mechanism, some of the respondents
suggested that the researchers would have paid more time to the
mechanism for better functioning. Some also suggested that we use
lighter material for the trains to run better.
4.4 In terms of Presentation, some respondents recommended to
be consistent on some measurements for a better appearance of the
miniature.
Results and Discussions
The researchers have decided to make two stations of the Subway
Metro. At the construction of the first station, the area of the stations
measures a 37.5 cm by 45 cm. with a height of 12 cm. But then the
height was a bit long so the researchers decided to decrease a 5 cm long
for the height ending up into a height of 7 cm. At first construction the

columns have a height of 12 cm and since the height of the station have
been decreased a 5 cm long, the columns have a height of 7 cm as well.
On the first trial of painting the trains with a gray color, was smooth
but then the paint seems to not dry and it has caused difficulties to the
researchers. So the researchers have decided to annex it with a colorless
nail polish and yet they failed because the smoothness had not been
achieved. In the end the researchers have re-painted the trains with a
gray nail polish and it was a satisfying outcome.
The rail tracks were originally made from barbeque sticks, there
was a time that it is so hard in pasting in the rail tracks to the railway but
the researchers still did. When they have completed the rail tracks the
train would not run smoothly so the researchers changed the rail tracks
into thin cardboards and the outcome was pleasing and neat.
Despite of all the failures and the changes that had occur, the
result of the miniature was fine and satisfying for the first timers.

CHAPTER 5
Summary of Findings, Conclusions and Recommendations
The importance of this chapter is to discuss and summarize the
findings that emerged from the study. The presented findings, conclusion
and the recommendations were formulated in relation to the problems in
question and directions proposed for future studies.
Summary of Findings
Based on the gathered data, the following findings were revealed;
Sub Problem 1. The level of acceptability of the Subway Metro miniature
as assessed by the Architecture students and Professional Engineers in
terms of;
1.1 Construction Materials. The Engineers obtained a
composite mean of 4.32 while the Architecture students
obtained a composite mean of 3.78 both interpreted as Highly
Acceptable.
1.2 Procedural Methodology. The Engineers obtained a
composite mean of 4.60 while the Architecture students
obtained a total response of 3.92 both interpreted as Highly
Acceptable.

1.3 Mechanism. The Engineers obtained a composite mean of
4.40 while the Architecture students obtained 3.70 both
interpreted as Highly Acceptable.
1.4 Presentation. The Engineers obtained a composite mean of
4.56 interpreted as Very Highly Acceptable while the
Architecture students obtained a total response of 4.06
interpreted as Highly Acceptable.
Sub Problem 2. Significant difference between the assessments of the
two groups of respondents in terms of the afore cited variables.
The acquired overall mean of the Professional Engineers is 4.47
with a variance of 0.0131, a t-computed mean of 3.84, a degree of
freedom of 13 with a value of 2.650, the t-computed is > t-critical,
therefore the assessments of the Engineers is Accepted.
The acquired overall mean of the Architecture Students is 1.933
with a variance of 2.0842, a t-computed mean of 3.84, a degree of
freedom of 13 with a value of 2.650, the t-computed > t-critical, therefore
the assessments of the Architecture Students is Accepted.
Therefore, there is no significant difference between the
assessments of the two groups of respondents.

Sub Problem 3. Problems encountered during the construction of the
Subway Metro miniature.
Time mismanagement were one of the problems as well as the
lack of some tools that could have helped the construction become easier
for the researchers and since the miniature were quite big, small space of
the construction setting have been a difficulty for the researchers.
Sub Problem 4. Suggestions and recommendations forwarded by the
two groups of respondents to improve the project.
These were the suggestions and recommendations of the two
groups of respondents regarding the Subway Metro miniature. In terms of
the construction materials some respondents suggested to use Cintra
boards, Berkeley boards, and Foam boards instead of cardboards to be
used on the walls and columns for a better looking appearance. In terms
of procedural methodology some of the respondents recommended the
researchers to refer to different laws, design guidelines and construction
codes that are applicable to the miniature. When it comes to the
Mechanism some of the respondents suggested that the researchers
should have pay more time to the mechanism for a higher quality
functions. Some also suggested that we use lighter material for the trains
to run better.

Conclusions
Based on the findings of this study, the following conclusions
drawn.
1. The Electrical/Civil Engineers very highly accepts the Subway
Metro miniature while the 4th year Architecture students highly
accepts the miniature.
2. There is significant difference between the assessments of the two
group of respondents in terms of the aforecited variables.
3. The problems encountered by the researchers have not been a
hindrance in the construction of the miniature.
4. The suggestions and recommendations forwarded by the
respondents are necessarily important to improve the project.
Recommendations
Based on the conclusions drawn, the following recommendations
forwarded.
1. Use Cintra boards, Berkeley boards, and Foam boards instead of
cardboards to be used by walls and columns for a presentable
appearance.
2. Refer to different laws, design guidelines and construction codes
that are applicable to the miniature.

3. The respondents recommended that the researchers should have
pay more time to the mechanism for a higher quality functions.
4. Be consistent on some measurements for a presentable
appearance of the miniature.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
A. Books
Jimmycox. (2018). The Power that Runs Your Model Train. The SD
Editorials. ISBN No. 565-956-9481-03-8.
B. Journal
Carbajal, F.B. (2016). An Adaptive Speed Control Approach for DC Shunt
Motors. MDPI Energies Journal, 9 (11), 961. Doi: 10.3390/9110961
Guzman, V.M. (2017). Global PID Control of Robot Manipulators
Equipped with PMSMs. Asian Journal of Control, 20 (1), 236-249.
Doi:10.1002/1532
Contreras, A.F. (2017). An Online algebraic estimation approach of
parameters and variable mechanical torque in shunt DC motors.
International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems, 28(1), 2474.
Doi: 10.002/2474
C. Thesis
Li, X. (2015). A Subway Train Timetable Optimization Approach Based
on Energy-efficient Operation strategy, [PDF File]. IEEE Transactions on
Intelligent transportation systems. Published thesis.
D. Online Sources
Webb, J. (2015, September 23). Study Suggests London underground
may be too fast? The BBC News. Retrieved n.d, from
https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-34334794
Cussen, M. (2017). How Does a Model Train Works?. Retrieved April 12,
2017, from leaf Group Lifestyle, Our Pastimes websites: https://-
www.streetdirectory.com/travel_guide/106028/model_toys/-
the_power_that_runs_your_model_train.html
Micromo Philippines (2018). Model Locomotive Train. DC Motor
Applications. Retrieved n.d, from Faulhaber Group, Micrommo Company
websites: https://www.micromo.com/applications/additional-markets/-
model-steam-locomotive

APPENDIX A
LETTER OF APPROVAL
BESTLINK COLLEGE OF THE PHIPPINES

MV Campus, Novaliches, Quezon City
_________________________
Dean, National University (Architecture)
Dear 4th Year Architecture Students,
We, the STEM 1201 students are conducting our Research

Project entitled, “SUBWAY METRO AS A PUBLIC TRANSPORT
IN METRO MANILA”. In this regards, we are asking for your
consideration on sparing us the researchers some of your time
and be able to assess our research product in partial fulfillment in
the requirements of our Research Project subject. Thank you very
much for your kind consideration.
Respectfully yours,
STEM 1201 students:
Shariz Carl J. Alaba

Mariel A. Alampayan
Jemar A. Bayron
Michelle R. Cabalida
Camille R. Sonoron
Noted by: Approved by:

(signed) (signed)
REYNOLD R. BANGALISAN ENGR. RONALD G. TAN
Research Adviser/Teacher STEM Strand Head

APPENDIX B
SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE


APPENDIX C
(PICTURES) ORAL DEFFENSE
This image shows the researchers listening thoroughly to the suggestions

and recommendations of the panelists in order to improve the project.
This image shows the researchers being asked several questions by the
panelists concerning the output of the study.

This image shows the miniature station of the Subway Metro without the
ceiling in order for the panelists to view the overall appearance of the
station.
This image shows the researchers final picture which signifies the
successful execution of the oral defense.

APPENDIX D
CERFTIFICATE OF ENGLISH EDITTING
This is to certify that the PROJECT STUDY entitled
A PROPOSAL OF SUBWAY METRO TRAIN AS A PUBLIC

TRANSPORT IN METRO MANILA
submitted by its authors
ALABA, SHARIZ CARL J.
ALAMPAYAN, MARIEL A.
BAYRON, JEMAR A.
CABALIDA, MICHELLE R.
SONORON, CAMILLE R.
has been edited for proper English language, grammar, punctuation,

spelling, and overall style. Neither the research contents nor the
authors’ were altered during the editing process.
Ms. Jackylyn V. Amores, LPT
Editor
Date: March 2019

APPENDIX E
CURRICULUM VITAE (GRAMMARIAN)
JACKYLYN VILLANUEVA AMORES, LPT

C-532 17TH St. LVDSN, Bagbaguin, Meycauayan City, Bulacan
09067485146
jackylynamores@yahoo.com.ph
_____________________________________________________________
OBJECTIVES:
To encourage creativity and higher-order thinking in a way that increases student

performance.
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND:
Tertiary
Polytechnic College of the City of Meycauayan 2014-2018
Bachelor of Secondary Education Major in Englishb
Malhacan, City of Meycauayan, Bulacan
Secondary
Bacoor National High School 2004-2008
Molino I, Bacoor Cavite
Primary
Nasalaan Elementary School 1999-2003
Nasalaan, San Francisco Quezon
PERSONAL BACKGROUND:
Birthday: April 17, 1989

Sex: Female
Civil Status: Single
Height: 4’11
Weight: 45 kgs.
Religion: Bible Baptist Christian

APPENDIX F.
CURRICULUM VITAE (RESEARCHERS)
SHARIZ CARL J. ALABA

Address: 159 Macaspac Compound, Pasong Tamo st., Luzon Avenue,
Quezon City
Number: 09668050853
E-mail: shariz_alaba03@yahoo.com
PERSONAL BACKGROUND
Birth Date: December 31, 2000
Birth Place: Cagayan de Oro, Misamis Oriental
Age: 18 years old
Height: 5’2
Weight: 42kg
Nationality: Filipino
Religion: Roman Catholic
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
Secondary: Bestlink College of the Philippines (2017 – 2019)
Heart of Jesus Montessori School (2013 - 2017)
Primary: Payatas B Elementary School (2007 – 2013)

MARIEL A. ALAMPAYAN
NPC Berlin East,Lawang Bato,Valenzuela city
Number: 09066294950
E-mail: marielalampayan@yahoo.com
PERSONAL BACKGROUND
Birth Date: May 21, 2001
Birth Place: Loon, Bohol
Age: 17 years old
Height: 5’6
Weight: 54 kg
Religion: Roman Catholic
Tubigon West National High School (2013 – 2017)
Primary: Avelino Chagas Elementary School (2007 – 2013)

JEMAR A. BAYRON
Bungahan Street, Brgy. Bagbaguin, Meycauayan City of Bulacan
Number: 09076473469
E-mail: jemar_bayron01@yahoo.com
PERSONAL BACKGROUND
Birth Date: September 01,2001
Birth Place: Meycauayan City, Bulacan
Age: 17years old
Height: 5’5
Weight: 56 kg
Religion: Bible Baptist
Meycauayan National High School (2013 – 2017)
Primary: Bagbaguin Elementary School (2007-2013)

MICHELLE R. CABALIDA
Pacheco Street, Brgy. Bagbaguin, Meycauauyan City of Bulacan
Number: 09757611315
E-mail: cabalida_michelle9@yahoo.com
PERSONAL BACKGROUND
Birth Date: October 17, 1999
Birth Place: Calamba, Laguna
Age: 19 years old
Height: 4’10
Weight: 38 kg
Religion: Bible Baptist
Meycauayan National High School (2013 – 2017)
Primary: Bagbaguin Elementary School (2007 – 2013)

CAMILLE R. SONORON
Blk. 3, Maximo Drive Street, Brgy. San Agustin, Novaliches, Quezon City
Number: 09205646848
E-mail:sonoroncamille@gmail.com
PERSONAL BACKGROUND
Birth Date: December 09, 2000
Birth Place: Infanta, Quezon
Age: 18 years old
Height: 5’2
Weight: 40 kg.
Religion: Seventh Day Adventist
Binulasan Integrated School (2013 – 2017)
Primary: Binulasan Integrated School (2007-2013)

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BESTLINK COLLEGE OF THE PHILIPPINES 1

The Problem and Its Background

This chapter discusses the introduction, background of the study,

setting of the study, statement of the problem, hypothesis, scope and

limitation of the study, significance of the study and definition of terms.

Subway is a public transport that can carry a large number of

people to their destinations in a convenient and safe way. Unlike Light

ground. Subway is a type of rapid transit system that operates

underground using electric units or rail transit. Also, Subway is

considered to be distinct with its designated stations for the commuters

that can find generally in urban areas.

One of the biggest problems in the Philippines is the daily heavy

causes delayed of appointments and consume large amount of time

among the Filipino commuters. To solve the mentioned problem, the

study of Subway Metro is planned to be located in the places where it is

“Be trained to be the best, be linked to success”

infrastructure locates in the safest place around Metro Manila to secure

(13) stations around Metropolitan Manila.

Subway Metro has benefits in every commuter, the miniature

depicts the advancement of technology in the Philippines, it will be a

of an important change inside the country, a change wherein the people

will afford and will be in less hardship in terms of transportation.

Setting of the Study

Figure 1. Setting of the Study

“Be trained to be the best, be linked to success”

commuters. The main station is located in Mindanao Avenue, next

stations in Ortigas North and Ortigas South, next in Kalayaan Avenue,

followed by the stations in Bonifacio Global City, Cayetano Boulevard and

Food Terminal Incorporated then the last stop is in Ninoy Aquino

International Airport (NAIA).

The following places above were chosen because these locations

construct the Subway Metro in these places for safety is guaranteed.

Based on the Department of Transportation the length of the

approved Metro Manila Subway Line 9 (originally named as Mega Metro

Statement of the Problem

This study aimed to develop and construct a miniature of a

Subway Metro that would likely be located around Metro Manila.

Specifically, this study seeks answers to the following questions:

1. How do the Electrical/Civil Engineers and 4th year Architecture

Students assessed the level of acceptability of the Subway Metro

“Be trained to be the best, be linked to success”

1.1 construction materials,

1.2 procedural methodology,

1.3 mechanism, and

2. Is there any significant difference between the assessments of the

two groups of respondents in terms of the aforecited variables?

3. What are the problems encountered during the construction and

development of the Subway Metro Miniature?

4. What are the suggestions and recommendations forwarded by the

two groups of respondents to improve the project?

This study hypothesized that there is no significant difference

between the assessments of the two groups of respondents on the level

of acceptability of Subway Metro Miniature in terms of construction

materials, procedural methodology, mechanism, and presentation.

Scope and Limitations of the Study

Purposively, this study was limited to only five (5) Electrical/Civil

instrument. These two groups of respondents assessed the level of

acceptability of Subway Metro Miniature in terms of construction

materials, procedural methodology, mechanism, and presentation.

“Be trained to be the best, be linked to success”

use in developing the miniature of the Subway Metro namely,

cardboards, barbeque sticks, used folders, glue sticks, shoe glues,