INDIVIDUAL TASK

LAST EXAMINATION
SYNTAX

IFNU RAHMAT NUGROHO

1605020051

Faculty of Teacher Training and Education

UNIVERSITAS ISLAM SYEKH-YUSUF
Jl. Maulana Yusuf No.10, Babakan, Kec. Tangerang, Kota
Tangerang, Banten 15118
 1. Intensive verb

Intensive verb (sometimes referred to as relational, linking, or copular) belong to a small group which
include verbs like, be (most commonly), seem, appear, become, look and so on. What these verbs have
in common is that what follows the verb in a sentence relates back to what precedes the verb (I.e. the
noun-phrase subject).

 Sally became a doctor

 George is in the garden
 Sue is in the garden

In each of these examples what is given after the verb relates back to the subjects, describing their
states. The bit that comes after the verb functions as the Subject Complement, shorthand version SC.
Although the functions of all these bits are the same, the forms, as you may have noticed are different.
In the first example, an NP functions as the SC (subject Compliment), and in the second, a PP functions
as the S. (in example 3) corresponds to a structure we looked at earlier when discussing the adjective
phrase (AP). This example illustrates one function of the adjective phrase ; this is, SC (subject
complement). The intensive verb are the only class of verb that can appear in the kind of construction at
(in example 3), where the VP is completed by an AP alone.

Intensive verb are also called copular verbs or linking verbs, are usually followed by a noun, a noun
phrase, an adjective , an adjective phrase, or prepositional phrase. The words or phrases following an
intensive verb work as the subject complement

Example:

Sally became a Doctor

 2. Complex transitive verb

In English grammar, a complex transitive is a verb that requires both a direct object and another object
or an object complement. In a complex-transitive construction, the object complement identifies a
quality or attribute pertaining to the direct object.

Complex-transitive verbs in English include believe, consider, declare, elect, find, judge, keep, know,
label, make, name, presume, pronounce, prove, rate, regard, and think. Note that verbs often belong to
more than one category. For example, made can function as a complex transitive (as in "Her thoughtless
remarks made him unhappy") and also as an ordinary transitive verb ("She made a promise").

The adjective or noun phrase that qualifies or renames the object that appears before it is sometimes
called an object predicate or object predicative.

The Relationship between the Two Complements of a Complex Transitive

"A complex transitive verb has two complements, an argument NP [noun phrase] direct object and
either a predicate NP or an AP [adjective phrase].

a. The judges declared Jackie the winner

b. Ahmed found the professor marvelous

3. Imperative verb
Imperative verbs are verbs that create an imperative sentence (i.e. a sentence that gives an order or
command). When reading an imperative sentence, it will always sound like the speaker is bossing
someone around. Imperative verbs don’t leave room for questions or discussion, even if the sentence
has a polite tone.

The imperative mood is a grammatical mood that forms a command or request.

An example of a verb used in the imperative mood is the English sentence "Leave!" Such imperatives
imply a second-person subject (you), but some other languages also have first- and third-person
imperatives, with the meaning of "let's (do something)" or "let him/her/them (do something)" (the
forms may alternatively be called cohortative and jussive).

Imperative mood can be denoted by the glossing abbreviation imp. It is one of the irrealis moods.

Imperative sentences sometimes use different syntax than declarative or other types of clauses. There
may also be differences of syntax between affirmative and negative imperative sentences. In some cases
the imperative form of the verb is itself different when negated. A distinct negative imperative form is
sometimes said to be in prohibitive or vetative mood (abbreviated proh).

Use the root form of the verb to create the imperative. Consider the examples below:

Give me that book!

Clean your room!

Do your homework.

Take the dog for a walk, please.

Don’t touch that!

Do come to visit us whenever you’re in town.

Push!

4. Present Tense
The present tense of verbs expresses events or actions that are occurring now, relative to the speaker—
or to actions that are habitually performed and may not necessarily be happening right now.

These actions are general truths or they are happening now.

Example :

Isabela is working tonight The Children are naughty

5. Past tense

The past tense of verbs expresses events or actions that already occurred. These actions are finite in that
they have both a starting and a stopping point.

Example :

6. Modal Auxiliary
An auxiliary verb (such as can, must, might, may) that is characteristically used with a verb of predication
and expresses a modal modification and that in English differs formally from other verbs in lacking -s and
-ing forms

Example :

7. Progressive Tense

The progressive verb tense, also called the continuous tense, is an English verb tense used to describe
continuing actions—actions that are in progress and ongoing. It can be conjugated to be used in the past,
present, or future.

The progressive tense (also called the progressive aspect) is sometimes referred to as the imperfect
tense. The progressive tense is formed with a “to be” verb conjugation and the present participle of a
verb (-ing ending). As mentioned above, the progressive tense indicates a continuing action or an action
in progress.

Example :

We will be leaving at noon Helen is Jogging around the track

8.
Perfect
Tense
The perfect form is the verb tense used to indicate a completed, or "perfected," action or condition.
Verbs can appear in any one of three perfect tenses: present perfect, past perfect, and future perfect.

Verbs in the perfect form use a form of "have" or "had" + the past participle. (It is the form of the helping
verb that indicates the tense.

Example :

They will have eaten dinner by the time that I arrive

9. Passive Voice

A passive voice is a type of a clause or sentence in which an action (through verb), or an object of a
sentence, is emphasized rather than its subject. Simply, the subject receives the action of the verb. The
emphasis or focus is on the action, while the subject is not known or is less important.

Example :
That girl was chased by a dog The wood is cut by the carpenter

10. Genitive

The genitive case is an English grammatical case that is used for a noun, pronoun, or adjective that
modifies another noun. The genitive case is most commonly used to show possession, but it can also
show a thing’s source or a characteristic/trait of something.

11. Relative Clause

A relative clause is one kind of dependent clause. It has a subject and verb, but can’t stand alone as a
sentence. It is sometimes called an “adjective clause” because it functions like an adjective—it gives
more information about a noun. A relative clause always begins with a “relative pronoun,” which
substitutes for a noun, a noun phrase, or a pronoun when sentences are combined.

Example :
The man seated beside the host is the guest there is a kid who a kid has hardly left the waiting room