CHAPTER II

This chapter presents the data collected and the findings of the study analyzed from the

gathered data. This chapter gives you a discussion of the matters related to the topic. The data were

analyzed and interpreted and are also presented by tables which will provide the implication and

interpretation of what is gathered by the proponents. Furthermore, the researchers have also been

given assurance to the respondents that all the data the researcher will give are used for the purpose

of the research.

Table 1. Frequencies (f ) and percentages (%) of the demographic profile of respondents.

f
PROFILE %
N=100
Sex
Male 86 86%
Female 14 14%
Age
28 - 40 29 29%
41 - 50 37 37%
51 – 59 21 21%
60 - 75 13 13%
Address
Bacsil 7 7%
Baliga 1 1%
Cabuyog 9 9%
Callagip 3 3%
Masintoc 5 5%
Monte 5 5%
Mumulaan 2 2%
Nagbacalan 3 3%
Nalasin 8 8%
Naguyudan 2 2%
Oaig-Upay
4 4%
(Abulao)
Pambaran 2 2%
Pannaratan 4 4%
Salbang 7 7%
San Agustin 3 3%
San Blas 2 2%
 San Juan 3 3%
San Pedro 2 2%
Santa Rita 3 3%
Sideg 3 3%
Suba 3 3%
Sungadan 2 2%
Surgui 13 13%
Veronica 4 4%
Income
P1,000 – P,4999 26 26%
P5,000 – P9,999 35 35%
P10,000 – P14,999 26 26%
P15-000 – P19,999 10 10%
P20,000 - Above 3 3%
Source of Income aside from Farming
Poultry 3 3%
Piggery 1 1%
Pumbling 1 1%
Others 10 10%
Number of Family Member
2 2 2%
3 22 22%
4 24 24%
5 26 26%
6 14 14%
7 6 6%
8 4 4%
9 1 1%
10 1 1%
Number of Dependent
0 7 7%
1 33 33%
2 32 32%
3 12 12%
4 9 9%
5 3 3&
6 2 2%
7 2 2%

Table 1 represents the demographic profile of the respondents of this study. It includes the

age range, sex, address, monthly income, source of income aside from farming, number of family

members, and number of dependents.

 Sex. It shows that eighty-six (86) or eighty-six percent (86%) are male respondents and

fourteen (14) or fourteen percent (14%) are female respondents. Based on the table, the dominant

gender among the respondents is male. Since agriculture is a male-dominated industry it is

expected that men would outnumber women. Tito Kokoy, one of the respondent said that males

are the representation of farmers. For they lead and make policy within the community of farmers,

due to the hard labor brought by farming. But even before time, women were involved in

agriculture. On the study Emily Walker conducted, she argued that females are naturally better

than men when it comes to agriculture. Due to lack of access to farm labour, tools, financing, and

extensive services in sustaining their agricultural activities. Men are taking over the light of women

in the field of agriculture.

Age. A total of 100 respondents, twenty-nine percent (29%) of the respondents were aged

28-40 years old; thirty-seven percent (37%) of the respondents were aged 41-50 years old; twenty-

one percent (21%) of the respondents were aged 51-59; and thirteen percent (13%) of the

respondents were aged 60-75 years old. These show that most of the respondents are in the middle

age. Furthermore, middle-aged farmers had still enough energy to work in agriculture. They are

able to produce agricultural products and perform farm activities such as land preparation, care of

crops, and harvesting efficiently. In a deeper understanding, respondents who are aged 28-35 years

old said that they entered farming due to poverty. Since they were not able to achieve higher

education, farming became their last resort. At a young age, farming was introduced to them, and

they see it as an opportunity for resources are available on their hand. On the contrary, ages

between 35-40 years old, respondents said that they are earning to compensate when they reach

the age of 60 years old. Since they won’t have the same energy they had before to perform farming

activities, which requires physical and mental presence.

 Address. Thirteen (13) or thirteen percent (13%) of the respondents are living in Barangay

Surgui; nine respondents (9) or nine percent (9%) are from Barangay Cabuyog; eight respondents

(8) or eight percent are from Barangay Nalasin; seven respondents (7) or seven percent (7%) are

living in Bacsil and in Salbang; five respondents (5) or five percent (5%) are from Masintoc and

Monte; four respondents (4) or four percent (4%) are from Oaig-Upay (Abulao), Pannaratan and

in Veronica; three respondents (3) or three percent (3%) are from Callagip, Nagbacalan, San

Agustin, San Juan, Santa Rita, Sideg, and in Suba; two respondents (2) or two percent (2%) are

from Mumulaan, Naguyudan, Pambaran, San Blas, San Pedro, and in Sungadan and only one (1)

or one percent (1%) are from Barangay Baliga. Based on the table, the dominant address among

the respondents is in Barangay Surgui.

Income. Majority of the respondents has a total income that ranges from P5,000 to P9,999

with a frequency of thirty-five (35) or thirty-five percent (35%); twenty-six of the respondents (26)

or twenty-six percent (26%) has a total income that ranges from P1,000- P4,999; also a frequency

of twenty-six (26) or twenty-six percent (26%) of the respondents have a total income that ranges

from P10,000- P14,999; a frequency of ten (10) or ten percent (10%) of the respondents has a total

income that ranges from P15,000- P19,999; and only a frequency of three (3) or three percent (3%)

of the respondents has a total income that ranges from P20,000 to above.

During the Innovation Olympics 2018, Henk Hermans said that farmers represent the

second poorest sector in the country.

Additional Source of Income. Aside from farming, the respondents had also an additional

sources of income. With a frequency of three (3) or three percent (3%), the respondents said that

poultry was one of the contributors to their monthly income. While plumbing and piggery garnered

one percent (1%) or one (1) respondent. In addition, ten percent (10%) or ten (10) respondents said
that extra income comes from either retailing, public utility vehicle driver, construction worker,

and gasoline boy. Moreover, it implies that the respondents’ additional income is nearby to

farming. Works that are in line with agriculture, like poultry. The presence of available resources

in sustaining poultry and producing poultry products is well-attained in Paoay, Ilocos Norte.

Poultry industry will never die in the Philippines, as the Philippines was awarded in 2014,

“Livestock Asia” as Asia’s best gather of livestock, egg, and meat producing. As the country is

self-sufficient in the poultry industry. On the other hand, __________________ said that plumbing

is a difficult job and seasonal. Plumbing works only come when there is a construction or

unfunctional plumbing system that requires plumbing fixtures.

The Number of Family Member. Majority of the respondents’ has a total of five members

in the family with a frequency of twenty-six (26) or twenty-six percent (26%); a frequency of

twenty-four (24) or twenty-four percent (24%) of the respondents has a total of four (4) members

in the family; a frequency of twenty-two (22) or twenty-two percent (22%) has a total of three (3)

members in the family; fourteen (14) or fourteen percent (14%) has a six (6) members in the

family; six (6) or six percent (6%) has 7 members in the family; four (4) or four percent (4%) has

an 8 members in the family; two (2) or two percent (2%) has a two (2) members in the family; and

one (1) or one percent (1%) has nine (9) members in the family; also, one (1) or one percent (1%)

has a total of ten (10) members in the family.

Number of Dependents. Majority of the respondents’ number of dependent is one (1) with

a frequency of thirty-three (33) or thirty-three percent (33%); a frequency of thirty-two (32) or two

percent (32%) of the respondents has a total number of 2 dependents; twelve (12) or twelve percent

(12%) has three (3) dependents; nine (9) or nine percent (9%) has four (4) dependents; seven (7)

or seven percent (7%) of the respondents have no dependents; three (3) or three percent (3%) has
five (5) dependents; two (2) or two percent (2%) has six dependents; also a frequency of two (2)

or two percent (2%) has a total of seven (7) dependents.

Strongly Agree 4.21 – 5.00

Agree 3.41 – 4.20
Moderately Agree 2.61 – 3.40
Disagree 1.81 – 2.60
Strongly Agree 1.00 – 1.80

ITEMS MEAN DESCRIPTIVE RATING

I can afford to purchase food for my family. 3.73 Agree
I am able to provide enough food for my family. 3.59 Agree
I can afford any food requested. 3.05 Moderately Agree
I can feed my dependents 3 meals a day. 3.91 Agree
I am able to provide nutritious food to my family. 3.64 Agree

The respondents agreed that they can afford to purchase food for their family with a mean

of 3.73. Also, they responded that they are able to provide enough food for their families with a

mean of 3.59. On the other hand, they moderately agreed that they can afford any food requested

with a mean of 3.05. The respondents also agreed that they feed their dependents 3 meals a day

with a mean of 3.91. Lastly, the respondents agreed that they can provide nutritious food to their

family with a mean of 3.64.

It shows that the respondents are able to purchase and provide, nutrition-filled 3 meals a

day for their family. On the contrary, the requested food of their dependents opted not to be

granted, because of budget limitation. Moreover, the respondents are capable of providing their

food. Because they set aside enough food supply for themselves in which they have harvested on

their farm fields. With the availability of agricultural products, like vegetables and crops. The

respondents are able to supply and feed their family members. ______________ said that they
save food for their families, when they harvest. But when it comes to food requested, he is not able

to give it, because money is limited. Not just like the vegetables and crops that they plant and

grow, they could efficiently use it with no money being exchanged.

ITEMS MEAN DESCRIPTIVE RATING

I can pay for the health care services needed by 3.35 Moderately Agree
my family.
I can afford to buy medicines for my family. 3.50 Agree
I make sure to have enough money for my family. 3.19 Moderately Agree

The respondents moderately agreed that they can pay for health care services needed by

their families with a mean of 3.35. On the other hand, the respondents agreed that they can afford

to buy medicines for their families with a mean of 3.50. Lastly, the respondents moderately

agreed that they make sure to have enough money for emergencies with a mean of 3.19.

ITEMS MEAN DESCRIPTIVE RATING

I can provide a decent shelter for my family. 3.80 Agree
I am able to sustain a well and clean house. 3.78 Agree

The respondents agreed that they can provide decent shelter for their families with a mean

of 3.80. Also, the respondents agreed that they are able to sustain a well and clean house with a

mean of 3.78. Through the money they earned by farming, the respondents were able to build their

own houses. Where in, their houses were located near-by to their own agricultural land. Hence, the

respondents agreed that they do have a well-maintained, presentable, decent house.

ITEMS MEAN DESCRIPTIVE RATING

I can provide education to my child or children. 3.52 Agree
I am able to purchase all the school materials 3.28 Moderately Agree
needed by my child or children.
 The respondents agreed that they can provide education for their children with a mean of

3.52. In contrast, the respondents said that they moderately agree that they are able to purchase all

the school materials needed by their children with a mean of 3.28.

Based on the gathered data, it implies that the respondents are able to send their children

to school. Yet they are not able to provide the external school materials which are needed by the

children. As a matter of fact, the holistic approach of the Department of Education in cultivating

student is through extra-curricular activities. Wherein, teachers encourage their students to take

advantage of activity outside the classroom. Like joining choirs, school-press conference, debate

clubs, leadership training, camping, and many more. Correspondingly, it supports student

academic progress, social life, and all-round development. By the same token, joining this kind of

activities require monetary contributions to compensate for the expenses. Clearly, the respondents

are not able to send their children to extra-curricular activities. Because the respondents think that

it’s an additional expense and extra-curricular activities shouldn’t be given that much attention.

__________________ admitted that she can send her daughter to school but can’t afford

to give her the materials she needed. She added, that her daughter only had one-set of school

uniform, which she uses it daily. After her daughter gets back from school, she quickly removes

the uniform, laundry, and dry it. So that her daughter could use it clean and dry for the following

day.

ITEMS MEAN DESCRIPTIVE RATING

I can afford enough clothing for my family. 3.10 Moderately Agree
I always buy new clothes for my family. 2.47 Moderately Agree
 The farmers moderately agreed that they can afford enough clothing for their families with

a mean of 3.10. Also, they moderately agreed that they can always buy new clothes for their

families with a mean of 2.47. Based on the findings, it implicates that clothing is not a priority for

the respondents. Richard Dumlao said that as long he and his family are covered with clothes,

either new or old, it’s fine. Instead of buying new clothes, he would rather use the money to buy

foods. Because he believes that clothes are long-lasting and there are those kind people who are

giving them still wearable, used clothes.

In conclusion, according to Abraham’s Maslow physiological and safety needs. Food and

security are next to each other.