BOVINE BREEDING POLICY OF

ANDHRA PRADESH - 2019

Stakeholders of Bovine Breeding Policy

NPBBD MILK
CONSUMERS
GOI MARKETS
BOVINE
APLDA BREEDING POLICY
AHD
DLDA

ORGAINZATIONS FARMERS BREEDERS BULL

PROVIDING REARING
TRAIING TO ASSOCIATIONS CUSTODIANS
BOVINES
INSEMINATORS

MU, PVT. DAIRIES, FSBS PRODUCING

NGOs PROMOTING INSEMINATORS,
FROZEN SERVICES
AI PROGRAMME EXTENSIONISTS

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 Annexure

Bovine Breeding Policy of Andhra Pradesh-2019

1. Aim of the breeding policy

To improve the productivity of cattle and buffaloes in the state
through genetic improvement in the context of augmenting livestock
feeding systems/opportunities to provide sustainable economic gains
to the milk producing farmers of the state.

2. Objectives of the Breeding policy

a. To increase the proportion of indigenous & crossbred cattle and
graded buffaloes having economic level of milk production in the
bovine population

b. To support the conservation and use of specific breeds

c. To involve/utilize commercial Dairy farms, selected Goshalas,

Government and University dairy farms which can meet the
stipulated health and management standards as associated herds
for production of bull mothers and progeny tested bulls of high
genetic merit which can be used in Frozen Semen production for
wider utility in Artificial Insemination centres.

d. To bring institutions, associations, and societies (private,

cooperatives, companies, NGO and Government) involved in FS
production, sales and distribution under a common regulatory
umbrella in the state.

e. To bring institutions, associations, and societies (private,

cooperatives, companies, NGO and Government) in Livestock
sector involved in training of stake holders under a common
regulatory umbrella in the state.

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 f. To bring AI technicians under a regulatory framework to render
accountability and provide ethical and professional supervision.

g. To establish a user friendly monitoring and assessment system for

field AI programmes both in terms of performance and genetic
gain. The monitoring and assessment of AI programme should
commence from breeding bull production, upto door step AI
centre. The breeding policy should focus the following aspects:

 development of milch breeds of indigenous cattle, crossbred

cattle and graded buffaloes which are sustainable under small
holder production systems
 development of milch breeds that suit commercial dairying
 conservation and development of indigenous dual purpose
breeds like Ongole, Punganur

3. Strategic interventions for implementation of the

breeding policy

In order to fulfill the purpose of the cattle and buffalo breeding policy in
Andhra Pradesh State,the following strategic interventions are listed.
Breeding programmes like Upgrading, line breedingof indigenous pure
breeds, cross breeding and forward crossing are chosen to improve the
cattle and buffalo milch herds. Selective breeding using sires born to high
producing (elite) dams adopting frozen semen technology will remain as
one of the core principles of this policy.The interventions are described
here.
 Though Sahiwal and Gir do not belong
3.1 Breeding Non- descript cattle to to AP state these breeds of cows are
develop indigenous milch herds reared by farmers in the state.
Sahiwal is successfully used in AP
under Progeny Testing Programme
a. Upgrading 
(PTP).
Rathi breed also does not belong to AP
state; yet the merit of this breed is
considered as it sustains arid
 Ongole type of cattle where conditions like Anantapur and parts of
ever they are reared in the Kadapa districts
 Tharpakar was tried in Visakhapatnam
state will be upgraded with in the past which was later
pure Ongole breed. discontinued for technical reasons;
hence not recommended.

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  Nondescript cattle will be upgraded with Indigenous Milk
Breeds i.e. Sahiwal, Gir, Rathi etc as per the choice of the
farmers.

b. Crossbreeding
 Crossbreeding of non-descript local cattle with exotic
breeds i.e. Jersey and H.F will be continued.
 Different other breeds like Brown Swiss were tried in the
past and discontinued.
 Jersey isrecommended from a livelihood approach
 HF is recommended from a commercial view point as sire
breeds.
3.2 Indigenous pure breeding for developing indigenous
milch herds

a. Ongole and Punganur pure breeding will be For the purpose of

continued in their respective breeding developing pure Ongole
milch herds, focus will be
tracts and elsewhere in the state where given on dairy type
ever they are reared. Emphasis shall be on characters instead of nine
improving milk yield. blacks and three shorts

b. Sahiwal pure breeding will be introduced where ever they are

reared in the state.
c. Gir cattle shall be bred with pure Gir breed.
3.3 Breeding crossbred cattle
It will be necessary to establish
appropriate bull mother farms to
a. Inter-se mating produce indigenous cattle of high
Inter – Se mating of crossbred cattle genetic merit and also to produce 50%
with crossbred Sahiwal x crossbred bulls of high genetic merit for
Jersey/HF semen as the case may inter-se-mating in crossbred females.
be will be continued to ensure
that 50% exotic blood level is maintained.
In the process of continuous upgrading
b. Forward crossing
of crossbred cattle with HF/Jersey sires
Only in identified elite pockets to attain higher levels of exotic
inheritance, adaptability is challenged;
and commercial farms under hence not recommended as a thumb
intensive health and feeding rule.
management conditions, forward
crossing with pure HF/Jersey shall be considered.

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3.4 Buffalo breeding
Upgrading of the buffaloes in Andhra Pradesh was started in mid
fifties. Breeds like Mehsana also found their way into the state in
different weaker section programmes. Graded buffaloes in the name of
Godavari breed has also evolved which however needs to be
characterized. Selective breeding is with in the hands of farmers as
unproductive buffalo earns salvage value to the farmers. Therefore in
buffalo breeding programmes larger emphasis shall be laid on higher
yields rather than breed characters only.
a. Upgrading local buffaloes with Murrah semen from high
quality breeding bulls shall be continued.

b. Buffalos reared under Low plane of nutrition in districts like

Ananthapuramu shall be bred with graded Murrah bulls
c. Pure breeding with Mehsana semen to all Mehsana animals
inducted under different schemes shall be introduced by out
sourcing frozen semen.
d. Other Milch Buffalo Breeds like Jaffarbadi etc shall also be
permitted as per the choice of farmers and pure Jaffarbadi
semen of such breeds shall be outsourced from respective
states/breeding tracts.
3.5 Due to increased awareness and demand from farmers for supply
of semen of high pedigree germplasm (Bull Semen), the farmers
shall be given freedom to choose the breed of their choice
which should be obtained in writing in the first attempt and the
agencies involved in supply of semen shall comply the request
of farmers which should be recorded in the software app
developed by NDDB for future use by the State Govt.

4. Breeding Bull production strategies

There is a huge gap between requirement of breeding bulls of high
genetic merit andtheir availability from organized sources. At the same
time there is no need for the state to produce frozen semen from Gir,
Rathi (cattle); and Mehshana & Jaffarbadi Buffalo breeds, which can be
outsourced from the respective states as and when required.

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 The current practice of progeny testing programme using Sahiwal
Jersey shall be continued.
 Ongole bull mother farm shall be promoted in Chadalawada
cattle breeding farm by mandate and with appropriate support
 Sahiwal bull mother farm needs to be established to rear pure
sahiwal and also crossbred sahiwal breeding bulls for inter-se
mating through designated mating plans on rotation.
 Murrah breeding bull mother farm needs to be established to
produce pure Murrah breeding bulls as associated herds with
different national level buffalo breeding centers and also elite
commercial buffalo farms using designated mating plans.
 Development of models on public private partnership in strategic
locations to establish these bull mother farms shall be explored.
 Introduction of bull calf rearing schemes/incentives to bull calves
born to high yielding dams and identifying such dams as bull
mothers shall be explored.
 Collaborating with commercial dairy farmers as potential partner
platforms to produce breeding bulls of high genetic merit shall
be tried on pilot basis
 Identify and support potential Goshalas as partners in production
of pedigreed breeding Bulls in convergence with APLDA.
 Import embryos / frozen semen of high genetic merit for selected
milk shed areas
 Introduce biotechnologically monitored bull production and MOET
 Record keeping shall be at all levels for the listed strategies.
 Organizing milk yield competitions once in three months in
selected resource rich villages to identify elite dams shall be
introduced

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  Appropriate MOU with elite dam owners to identify future
breeding bulls and also introduce MOET on contract to buy back
bull calves of superior genetic merit shall be introduced

4.1 Frozen Semen production/procurement strategies

 The current frozen semen production system with APLDA shall be

continued as per the mandate given by Central Monitoring Unit
(CMU).
 State shall also encourage semen production stations within the
purview of this Breeding Policy under PPP/Grants in Aid.
 Semen of other Indigenous Milch Breeds such as Gir, Rathi etc.
required in the state shall be procured from other recognized
Semen Stations of the respective states to fulfill the choice of
the farmers.
 Semen of other Indigenous Milch Breeds such as Mehsana,
Jaffarbadi etc reared in different parts of the state shall be
procured from other recognized Semen Stations of the
respective states based on demand from farmers.
 Jersey and Holstein Friesian Frozen Semen shall be outsourced
and/ or imported as the case may be for crossbreeding and
forward crossing.
 Only frozen semen having high genetic merit shall be
produced/outsourced/imported based on records and sire
directories.

5. Organized Natural services

In spite of large scale doorstep AI network to increase the coverage,
certain pockets still remain uncovered under AI. This happens mainly in
remote tribal pockets, pastoral and nomadic tribes moving along with
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their flocks and cattle reared near fringe forests. Under these
circumstances, it is essential to focus on Natural Service by providing
breeding bulls. Natural Service system may be tapered down by
creating opportunities to increase the reach and coverage with AI.

 Introduction of indigenous breeding bulls to inaccessible locations

through Natural Service (NS) for up-gradation of local animals
will be continued.
 Sahiwal breeding bulls can be of choice in tribal areas as the
tribals prefer fawn colour.
 Ongole breeding bulls for Natural Service shall be preferred in
and around Nallamala forest area.

 Tagging Open Nucleus Breeding System (ONBS) to respective

district livestock associations for monitoring and assessment of
performance within the purview of this bovine breeding policy
will continue.

 Systems to register and licensing the bull custodians shall be

introduced.

 Bull rotation shall be adopted without any compromise.

 Village institutions shall be involved in implementation when

breeding bulls are distributed for Natural Service

6. Technological Interventions :

 Embryo Transfer (ET) and allied biotechnological tools to enable

effective selection systems to produce crossbred bulls and bull
mothers of high genetic merit shall be introduced
 Farmer centered ET using sexed semen to produce breeding bulls
of high genetic merit shall be explored.

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  Biotechnological interventions like gene marker assisted
selection, genomics to ensure early and effective selection of
breeding bulls shall be introduced.
 Establishment of Sexed Semen Lab for producing Sexed Semen in
Buffaloes shall be explored on PPP/Grants in Aid.

7. Conservation of Endangered Breeds

 Development of sanctuaries for breeds like Punganur

 Identification of Progressive farmer groups and supporting such
groups to take responsibility of developing Punganur and Ongole
breeds shall be tried out.
 Establishment of Trust/Associations shall be encouraged for
conservation of Punganur/Ongole breed using biotechnological
interventions like MOET-IVF and preserving semen & embryos of
such breeds.

8. Human Resource Development

 Upgradation of skills of inseminators, supervisors and technical

officers continuously through a systematic skill development
(training, orientation, sensitisation) program shall be continued
and enriched.

 Orientation of farmers and all other stakeholders on the breeding

policy and the forthcoming benefits shall be continued and up
scaled continuously

 Organisation and Strengthening of Breeders Associations and

involving them in decision support systems especially to develop
Ongole milch herds shall be focused in Human resource
development initiatives.

 Technical manpower shortage issues shall be addressed on

priority through internal adjustments by creating positions and
placing appropriately skilled and motivated professionals at right
place in order to implement various components of breeding
policy.
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9 Collaborations

 The APLDA may collaborate with Govt. of India/ SVVU / APCARL,

NIAB, NKBC and allied state institutions to initiate suitable
adaptive research programs.

 APLDA may collaborate with all milk unions (Private, Mutually

Aided Cooperative Societies (MACS), Public sector etc.) and
breeders associations& organizations involved in AI programs for
implementation of objectives of this policy.

10 Operational Aspects:
10.1 AI Service Deliveries
The department of AH and APLDA
 Registration of all private AI
together will prepare DLDA wise
workers and linking them to breed & bullwise mating
registered Veterinary plans.Concurrent monitoring&
assessment will render the field AI
Practitioners. programmemore
scientific/minimize inbreeding and
 Constitution of joint committees budgeting frozen semen doses.
covering representatives of all
service providers headed by respective heads of AH Department
to support, monitor and evaluate AI programmes.
 Introduction of systems to ensure transparency among different
AI service providing organizations and their association with
sponsoring agencies under Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR).
 Promotion of unemployed veterinary graduates to emerge as
registered AI service proving institutions on self-employment
models.

10.2 Fertility management

 Introduction of the concepts of herd fertility management
considering village as a herd
 Monitoring the superior calves born from AI programmes to attain
early productive life and render increased lifetime production to
benefit diary based livelihoods

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11 Regulatory frame work

Purpose of regulation is to ensure total quality management in the

entire bovine breeding value chain against certain standards and norms
that would enable accomplishing the objectives of this policy. The
following activities are indispensable to begin with:

 Registration of commercial dairy farms & semen production

stations with introduction of a system of licensing.
 Screening breeding bulls and stocks in all dairy farms for diseases
and bacterial quality control of frozen semen production.
Arranging a third party evaluation from recognized/accredited
diagnostic laboratories in the country.
 Enrollment of dairy farmers that are using AI services under each
AI center to ensure data generation and management

 Registration of bull custodians (systems to register) and

developing Breeding Bull certification and licensing mechanism.
Introducing stringent monitoring mechanisms and professional
support as mandate.

 Introduction of well drafted institution-wise bull wise semen

allocation plans based on the bull-wise progeny particulars and
monitoring mechanism to minimize inbreeding.

 Development/Strengthening of Monitoring and assessment

systems.

 Registration and licensing of inseminators, supervisors and the

agencies involved in training

 Registration and licensing of Agencies producing Frozen Semen

and sales etc., which need to be brought under one regulatory
framework.

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 Introduction of a system for continuous monitoring and
assessment of the performance of AI workers for a systematic
skill up-gradation.

 Delineating norms, standards, protocols, roles and

responsibilities of different stake holders for effective
implementation of breeding policy.

 Bringing different institutions (private, NGO and cooperatives)

and individuals imparting Training on Insemination programmes
under a common regulatory umbrella.

 Registration of different institutions in government, private,

Mutually Aided Cooperative Societies, NGO and cooperatives
involved in AI service delivery under a common regulatory
framework.

 Introduction of a breed registry at DLDAs and APLDA level.

 Importing frozen semen and zebu semen of high genetic merit if

required based on Govt. of India regulations.

 Establishing State level Monitoring Unit (SMU) through a

committee of experts tomonitor breeding bull production
programme i.e. semen production stations, bull mother farms,
PTP and FPR areas; elite commercial dairies, progressive farmers
and milk sheds on the lines of Central Monitoring Unit (CMU).

 Registration and licensing of all public sector and private sector

FSBS and bring all such stations under the purview of SMU.

 Development of systems to monitor the utilization of frozen

semen sold to distributors and implementing agencies to prevent
individual AI practitioners abusing the state breeding plans.

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  Registration of all private AI workers and linking them to
registered Veterinary Practitioners.
 Introducing systems to ensure transparency among different AI
service providing organizations and their association with
sponsoring agencies under Corporate Social Responsibility.
 Development of Result Based Frame work/Log Frames duly
selecting different characteristics based on the stakeholders
concerns and suggestions as monitoring tools.
 Prior Permission of regulatory authority shall be made mandatory
for establishment of Private Artificial Insemination Centers in the
State of Andhra Pradesh to ensure quality services and to
regulate the Bovine Breeding Services.
 An authority comprising different stakeholders shall be
constituted by the Government to prepare a comprehensive
regulatory framework to concurrently review and implement
suitable strategies for cattle and buffalos development in the
state.
=========================================================

DIRECTOR

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