DESIGN OF ELEVATED WATER TANK

Part- I Design Of Tank

Part – II Design Of Staging

Part – III Seismic Analysis

Part- IV Foundation Design

R. Deepthi Reddy
2014H143055P
M.E (structures)
 Permissible Stresses in N/mm2 Permissible Stresses in
IS 3370 - 2009 N/mm2 IS 3370 - 1965

Type of Stress
Plain round
Plain round High strength High strength
mild steel
mild steel bars deformed bars deformed bars
bars

Tensile stress in members

110 130 115 130
under direct tension

Tensile stress in members

under bending tension

a)On liquid retaining face

115 130 115 150
b)on face away from liquid
115 130 115 150
for members less than 225
mm
115 130 125 190

c)on face away from liquid

for members more than 225
mm

Tensile stress in shear

reinforcement

a) For members less than

115 130 115 150
225 mm

115 130 125 175

c) For members more than
225 mm

Compressive stress in
columns subjected to direct 125 140 125 170
load
 Permissible Stresses in concrete relating to resistance to cracking (N/mm2)

IS 3370 – 2009 IS 3370 – 1965

Grade of Direct Tension due Direct Tension due Shear

concrete tension to bending tension to bending

M 15 1.1 1.5 1.5

M 20 1.2 1.7 1.7

M 25 1.3 1.8 1.3 1.8 1.9

M 30 1.5 2.0 1.5 2 2.2

M 35 1.6 2.2 1.6 2.2 2.5

M 40 1.8 2.4 1.7 2.4 2.7

M 45 2.0 2.6

M 50 2.1 2.8
 PART I Water Tank
1. Estimation Of Water Demand And Required Tank Capacity:

Approximate Population of bits = 5000

Average demand = 5000 x 135 = 67500 MLD
For life of 25 years, increasing this demand by 40 % to cater for future increase in population = 67500
x1.4 = 94500 MLD
Total required capacity of tank = 1MLD
Average discharge = 1000000/24 = lph
Peak hour discharge = 2.5 * Avg Discharge = 104166.67 lph
Assume farthest point in bits is 1.5 kms and steel pipe of diameter 250 mm is used
V = 104.1667/60*60*0.0707 = 0.409 m/s
Head loss due to friction = flv2/2gd
Darcy’s friction coefficient f depends on Reynolds’s number of the flow. Say f= 0.3
Head loss due to friction = 0.3 x 1500 x 0.4092 / (2 x 9.81 x 0.25) = 15.35 mts

Considering head loss due to other factors and required head at exit provide overall head of 18 mts.
Height of staging = 18 mts

2. Dimensions And Material Constants

Design of an intze tank for a capacity of 1,000,000 lts. Height of tank floor above G.L 18m. Assuming
M30 concrete For which

Permissible direct tensile stress σct = 1.5

Permissible bending tensile stress σcbt = 2.0
Permisible bending compression σcbc = 10
Permissible direct compressiion σcc = 8
Permissible shear stress in bond τbd = 1 * 1.25
Permissible stress in steel in direct t σst = 130 N/mm2
Permissible compression in bars σsc = 140 N/mm2
Compressive strength of concrete fck = 30 N/mm2
Yeild strenth of steel fy = 415 N/mm2
Modular ratio m = 280/ 3 σcbc = 9.33
Neutral axis coefficient K= 0.418
Lever arm constant j = 0.861
Bending moment coefficient Q = 1.798
Exposure condition Severe
Cover required 45 mm
 β!

Φ1!

Φ2!

Diameter of cylindrical portion (D) = 15 m; R = 7.5 m

Diameter of lower ring beam (DO) = 10 m

Height of conical dome (HO) = 2 m

Rise of top dome (H1) = 2 m

Rise of bottom dome (H2) = 1.8 m

H1 (2R1-H1) = R2

Radius of top dome (R1) = 15.0625 m

H2(2R2-H2) = RO2
Radius of bottom dome (R2) = 7.844 m

Angle subtended at center by top dome = Sin-1(r/r1) = Φ1 = 29.86 o

Angle subtended at center by bottom dome = Sin-1(r/r2) = Φ2 = 39.6 o

Capacity of tank = (π/4) D2h + (πh0/12) (D2+D02+DD0) – π h22 (3R2-h2) / 3

Substitute capacity = 1000 m3

Height of cylindrical portion required (H) = 4.67 m

Height of cylindrical portion provided (H) = 5 m

3. Design Of Roof Dome

R1 = 15.0625 m; Φ1 = 29.86o; Cos φ = 0.8672 ; Sin φ = 0.498

Assuming t = 100mm.

Self weight = 0.1 x 25 = 2.5 kN/m2

Live load = 1.5 kN/m2

Total load = 4 kN/m2

Meridional Force = WR1 (1- Cos θ) / sin2θ

Maximum Meridional Force (at θ = Φ1) = 4 x 15.06 x (1- 0.8672) /0.86722 = 32.26 kN

1 − cos ! − ! !"# ! !
Hoop!force = !!!!
1 + cos !

Maximum hoop force (at θ = Φ) = 4 x 15.0625 x (1- 0.8672 – 0.86722) / 1 + 0.8672

= 19.98 kN (tensile)

Hoop stress = 19.98 x 1000 / (100 x 1000) = 0.2 N/mm2 < 1.5 N/mm2 (safe)

Steel required for hoop tension = 19.98 x 1000 / 130 = 153.69 mm2

Minimum reinforcement = 0.35 %

= 0.35 x 100 / (1000x100) = 350 mm2

Use 8 mm bars at 140mm c/c (357mm2)

4. Design of top ring beam

Diameter D = 15m

Meridional force at beam at base = 32.26 kN/m

Horizantal component = 32.26 x cos Φ1 = 32.26 x 0.8672 = 27.98 kN/m

Hoop tension at ring beam = wD/2 = 27.98 x 15/2 = 209.85 kN

Ast = 209.85 x1000 / 130 = 1614 mm2

Provide 9 – 16mm diameter bars (1809 mm2)

Let beam be 400 mm wide and x mm deep

209.85!×!1000
< 1.5
400×! + ! − 1 !"#

x > 312 mm

Provide 400mm x 400mm beam with nominal shear reinforcement of 8 mm diameter two legged
stirrups at 225mm c/c

5. Design Of Cylindrical Wall

Cylindrical wall is designed as free at top and bottom

Height of the wall = 5.0 m

T = wHD/2 = 10 x H x 15/2 = 75 H

Ast = T x 1000 /130 = 577 H mm2

Depth from top Area required Area on each face Reinforcement on both faces (rings)

1 577 289 Use 16 mm bars @ 130mm c/c (As = 1546 m2)

2 1154 577 Use 16 mm bars @ 130mm c/c (As = 1546 m2 )

3 1731 866 Use 16 mm bars @ 130mm c/c (As = 1546 m2 )

4 2308 1154 Use 16 mm bars @ 130mm c/c (As = 1546 m2 )

 5 2885 1443 Use 16 mm bars @ 130mm c/c (As = 1546 m2 )

Maximum tension = 75 (5) = 375 kN at h=5m

Thickness of wall (t) required

!!×!1000
< 1.5
1000×! + ! − 1 !"#!"!!!!

375!×!1000
< 1.5
1000×! + 9.33 − 1 1546

t >224 mm

Provide wall of 300 mm thick at base and linearly reduce to 200 mm at top

Distribution steel

From mid height to top t = 250 mm

As = 0.35 x 1000 x 250/100 = 875 mm2

Provide 8mm at 110 mm c/c on both faces (909 mm2) from top to mid height

From mid height to base t = 300 mm

As = 0.35 x 1000 x 300/100 = 1050 mm2

Provide 10 mm at 140 mm c/c on both faces (1120 mm2) from mid height to base

6. Design Of Bottom Ring Beam

Assume dimensions of beam as 1200 x 600 mm

From top dome = 2 π R1 H1 x load on dome = 2 π x 15.06 x 2 x 4 = 757 kN

Load /m = 757/ 15x π = 16 kN/m

From cylindrical wall 0.3 x 5 x 25 = 37.5 kN/m

Self – weight of B1 = (0.4-0.2) x 0.4 x25 = 2 kN/m

Self – weight of B2 = (1.2 – 0.3) x 0.6 x 25 = 13.5 kN/m

Total = 69 kN/m

Hoop tension in B2 = W tan β

Where β is angle of cone with vertical

W tan β = 69 tan 51.34o = 86.25 kN/m

Horizontal water force per m length of beam = whd = 10 x 5 x 0.6 = 30 kN/m

Total horizontal force /m = 86.25 + 30 = 116.25 kN/m

Hoop tension = HD/2 = 116.25 x 15/2 = 871.88 kN

Ast = 871.88 x 1000 / 130 = 6706 mm2

Provide 14 – 25 dia bars (6874 mm2) as hoop reinforcement

871.88!×!1000 871.88!×!1000
= = 1.12 < 1.5
1200!×!600 + ! − 1 !"# 1200!×!600 + 9.33 − 1 6874

Provide beam of 1200 x 600

Provide nominal stirrups, 8mm 4 legged with 300 mm spacing.

7. Conical Slab

Assume depth of slab to be 500 mm

Average diameter = (15 +10) /2 = 12.5 m

Average depth of water = (5 + 7)/2 = 6m

Wt. of water above conical dome = π x 12.5 x 6 x 2.5 x 10 = 5890 kN

Width of slab = √ (22 + 2.52) = 3.2 m

Weight of slab = 3.2 x 12.5 π x 0.5 x 25 = 1570 kN

Weight of side wall bottom ring beam and top dome = π x 15 x 69 = 3252 kN

Total load = 5890 + 1570 +3252 = 10712 kN

Total load per metre length (w2) at base of conical dome slab w2 = 10712 /π x 10 = 341 kN/m

Meridional thrust T3 = 341/ cosβ = 341/cos (51.34o) = 545.8 kN

Meridional stress = 545.8x1000/1000x500 = 1.09 N/mm2 <1.5 N/mm2

Diameter of conical dome at height ‘h’ above base = 10 + 2 x (h/2) x 2.5 = 10 + 2.5h

Intensity of water pressure there = p= (5+2-h) (10) = 10(7-h) kN/m2

2
Self Wt. W3=0.5 *25 = 12.5 kN/m

Total hoop tension =

! !!
+ ! !! tan !
cos ! 2

10(7 − ℎ) (10 + 2.5ℎ)

+ !12.5 tan 51.34
cos 51.34 2

Total hoop tension = (127.67 – 16h) (5 + 1.25h)

At h=0 T = 638 kN

At h = 1m T = 698 kN

At h = 2m T = 718 kN

Maximum tension T = 718 kN at top.

Ast = 718 x 103 /130 = 5523 mm2

Area on each face = 5523/2 = 2762 mm2

Provide 25mm dia 170 mm c/c (2888 mm2) on both faces

718!×!1000 718!×!1000
= = 1.31 < 1.5
1000!×!500 + ! − 1 !"# 1000!×!500 + 9.33 − 1 2888!×!2

Distribution steel = 0.35 %

As = 0.35 x 500 x 1000/100 = 1750 mm2

Provide 16mm dia at 225mm c/c (893mm2) on each side of 500 mm thick conical slab.

8. Design Of Bottom Dome

R = 7.84m; θ = 39.6o; β = 51.34o

Take thickness of dome as 250 mm

D.L. of dome = 2 π R h t x (25) = 554kN

Wt. of water on dome =

! 2!!×!7.84! !×!1.8 ! 7.84 − 1.8

×10! ×!7 − − ! ×10! ×!
4 3 4 3

=476.2 m3

Weight of water above dome = 476.2 x 10 = 4762 kN

Total load = 554 + 4762 = 5316 kN

Meridian thrust at springing level = W/ π D sin θ = 5316/ (π x 10 x 0.6374)

Meridional thrust T4 = 265.5 kNm

Meridional stress = 265.5 x 1000/1000x250 = 1.062 N/mm 2 < 8N/mm2

1 − cos ! − ! !"# ! !
Hoop!force = !!"
1 + cos !

Hoop force is maximum for θ = 0

Hoop force = -WR/2 (tension)

W = 5316 kN

w = W/(2π x 7.84 x 1.8) = 59.95 kN/m2

Hoop tension = 59.95 x 7.84 /2 = 235 kN

Hoop stress = 235 x 1000/100 x 250 = 0.94 N/mm2 < 1.5 N/mm2

Stresses are within limits.

Provide 0.35 %

Ast = 0.35 x 1000 x 250/100 = 875 mm2

Provide 12 mm dia 120 mm c/c (949nmm2) in bottom dome of thickness 250 mm

9. Design Of Circular Girder

Inward thrust from conical dome = T3 cos α = 545.8 cos 38.66 = 426.2 kN/m

Outward thrust from bottom dome = T3 cos Φ2 = 265.5 cos 39.6 = 204.6 kN/m

Net inward thrust = 426.2 – 204.6 = 221.6 kN/m

Hoop compression in beam = 221.6 x 10/2 = 1108 kN

Assume size of beam = 750 mm x 1200 mm

Hoop stress = 1108 x 103/750x 1200 = 1.23 N/mm2 < 8 N/mm2

Vertical load on beam per meter run = T3 sin α + T4 sin Φ2 = 510.2 kN/m

Beam is supported on 8 columns.

2 α = 45 = π/4

From theory of curved beams we get coefficients for moments at supports and mid span:

Negative bending moment at support = 0.066 WR2 (2 α) = 0.066 x 540 x 52 x π/4 = 700 kNm

Maximum positive bending moment at mid span = 0.033 w R2 (2 α) = 350 kNm

Torsional moment at Φ = 9.5o

TΦ = 0.005 w R2 2 α =0.005 x 540 x 52 x π/4 = 53 kNm

Shear at support V = wR α = 540 x 5 x π/8 = 1060 kN

Load on column = 2 x 1060 = 2120 kN

For the beam M30 mix,

Q = 1.798

K= 0.418

σst = 130 N/mm2

j = 0.861

700!×!10!
! =! ! = 721!!
750!×!1.798

d(-) = 1200 -60 = 1140 mm

d (+) = 1200 – 50 = 1150 mm

Ast (-) = 700x 106 /(130 x 0.861 x 1150) = 2719 mm2

Provide 12-25 mm dia bars (5892 mm2) and continue 6 – 25 mm dia bars at top

Ast(+) = 350 x 106 / 130 x 0.861 x 1150 = 2719 mm2

Provide 6 – 25mm dia bars at bottom

At support

τv = 1060 x 1000/750x1140 = 1.239 < τcmax

100 As/bd = 100 x 5892/750 x1140 = 0.689

τc = 0.355 N/mm2 (IS 456:2000 table 23)

Vc = 0.355 x 750 x 1140 x 10-3 = 303.5 kN

Vs = 1060 – 303.5 = 756.5 kN

Using 12 mm 6 legged stirrups with Asv = 678 mm2

Sv = Asv σsv d/ Vs = 678 x 230 x 1140/ 756.5 x 1000 = 235 mm

Provide 12 mm 6 legged stirrups at 230 mm c/c

Distance Rθ = 5 x π/180 x 9.5 = 0.83 m

No. of stirrups = (830/230) +1 = 5

Torsion:

Maximum torsion at point of contraflexure i.e., at Φ = 9.5o

V1 = 1060 – (1060 x 9.5/22.5) = 612.4 kN

T = 53 kNm

Equivalent shear Ve = V1 + 1.6 (T/b) = 612.4 + 1.6x (53/0.75) = 725.4 kN

τve = 725.4 x 1000/750 x 1150 = 0.841 N/mm2

Me1 = M + MT = MT (because M= 0)
Me1 = (T/1.7)(1+(D/b)) = (53/1.7)(1+(1200/750)) = 81.06 kNm
Ast = 81.06 x 106/130 x 0.861 x 1150 = 630 mm2
Positive moment reinforcement 6 – 25 mm dia bars already exist for this

b1 = 750 –(2 x 45) – 25 = 635 mm

d1 = 1200 – 45 (top) – 45(bottom) -25 = 1085 mm

Spacing (sv) is less of the following two conditions

!. !" !! !!
!!" = +
!! !! !!" 2.5!!! !!"

(!!" − !! )!!!
!!" =
!!"

53!×!10! . !" 612.4!×!10! !!

471 = +
635×!1085!×!230 2.5!×!1085!×!230

Sv= 357 mm

471 = (0.841 – 0.355) x 750 sv/90

Sv = 245.5 mm

Provide 10 mm 6 legged stirrups at 230 mm c/c

Side face reinforcement As = (0.1/100) x 750 x (1200 – 250) = 712.5 mm2

Provide 4 - 12 mm dia bars on each face as side face reinforcement.

 PART II STAGING

1. Design Of Columns

Vertical loads:

From container 2120 kN

Self – weight (750mm diameter)

(π/4) x 0.752 x 19 x 25 210kN

Bracing (500 x 500)

0.5 x 0.5 x π x10x 4 x25/ 8 98 kN

Total 2428 kN
Weight of water in container = 5890 + 4762 = 10652kN

Weight of water per column = 10652/8 = 1332 kN

Tank full load = 2428 kN

Tank empty = 2428 – 1332 = 1096 kN

Vz =Vbk1k2k3

Vb = 51 m/s

taking k1 = 1; k2= 1; K3 = 0.98

VZ = 1 x 1 x 0.98x 51 = 49.98

PZ = 0.6 VZ2 = 1.498 kN/m2

Wind pressure (PZ ) = 1.5 kN/m2

Shape factor = 0.7 for circular container

Net pressure = 0.7 x 1.5 = 1.05

No. Description Force kN Distance from Moment at base,

base,m kNm
1 Top dome 16.98 28.15 477.99
15.4 x 2.1 x 0.5 x 1.05
2 Cylindrical wall 81.38 24.70 2010.09
15.5 x 5 x 1.05
3 Conical dome 32.54 21.2 689.85
((17+10.55)/2) x 2.25 x 1.05
4 Beam B3 10.72 19.60 210.11
10.75 (1.2 – 0.25) x 1.05
5 Columns 70.88 10.00 708.80
18 x 0.75 x 1.05 x 5
6 Bracings 30 9.5 285
0.5 x 10 x 4 x 1.5
Total ΣHw= 242.5 kN ΣMw = 4381.84 kNm
Shear per column 242.5/8 = 30.3 kN
Vertical load on one column due to wind = ΣMw .r / Σr2
Where r is the distance of column from N.A
Σr2 = 2 x 5 + 4 x (5/√2)2 = 100 m2
Maximum compression in farthest column on leeward side = ΣMw .r / Σr2
= 4381.84 x 5/100 = 219 kN
Maximum tension in farthest column on windward side = 219 kN
Maximum moment in column = horizontal shear x c/c bracing/2 = 30.3 x 4.1/2 = 62.12 kNm

Loading cases for column design

Case (i) : DL + LL =1.5 x 2428 = 3652 kN

Case DL + LL + WL Pu(kN) Mu(kNm) Hu

Ii Tank empty - windward 1.2 (1096 – 219) = 74.54 45.45
1052.4
Iii Tank full - windward 1.2 (2428 – 219) = 74.54 45.45
2650.8
Iv Tank empty - Leeward 1.2 (1096 + 219) = 74.54 45.45
1578
V Tank full - Leeward 1.2 (2428 +219) = 74.54 45.45
3176.4

Minimum eccentricity =
!"#$%!!"#$%&!!"#$%ℎ !
+!
500 30

= (3550/500) + (750/30) = 32.1 mm

Moment due to minimum eccentricity for cases (ii) and (iv) = 1578 x 0.0321 = 50.65 kNm
This is less than applied moment, hence neglected.

Moment due to minimum eccentricity for case (iii) = 2650.8 x 0.0321 = 85.09 kNm
This is more than applied moment, hence added in applied moment
Mu = 74.54 + 85.09 = 159.63 kNm

Similarly for case (v)

Mu = 74.54 + 3176.4 x 0.0321 = 176.5 kNm

For case (i) 0.05 D = 0.05 x 750 = 37.5 mm

This is more than emin.
Pu = 0.4fckAc + 0.67 fy Asc
3642 x 103 = 0.4x20 x (π x 7502/4 - Asc) + (0.67 x 415 x Asc)
Asc = 399 mm2
Minimum steel = 0.8 x π x 7502 / 400 = 3534 mm2
Provide 8-25 mm dia bars (3928mm2)

The design is checked for case (ii) and (v)

Case Pu Mu Pu/fckD2 Mu/fckD3 P/fck
Ii 1052.4 74.54 0.094 0.0088 Minimum
Iii 2650 159.63 0.236 0.0189 Minimum
Iv 1578 74.54 0.140 0.0088 Minimum
V 3176.4 176.5 0.282 0.02 Minimum
Using d/D = 55/750 = 0.1; chart 56 sp 16 is referred

Provide main steel of 8 – 25 mm diameter bars

Ties
Minimum diameter 25/4 = 6.25 mm
Use 8 mm diameter ties
Pitch should not exceed
i) 16 x 25 = 400 mm
ii) b = 750 mm
iii) 300 mm

Provide 8 mm dia ties @ 300 mm c/c

Check for horizontal shear

Vu = Hu = 45.45 kN
A = π/4 x 7502 = 441786 mm2
τv = 45.45 x 103 / 441786 = 0.103 N/mm2
2. Design Of Bracings

M20 mix; size of bracing 500 x 500

Maximum moment in yz brace occurs when wind blows perpendicular to xy brace

From triangle of moments PQY

Moment in brace yz from upper and lower columns = 2 x moment in columns at y x√2
= 2 x 62.12 x√2 = 175.7 kNm
Mu = 1.2 x 175.7 = 210.84 kNm
d = 500-30 – (20/2) = 460 mm
Mu/bd2 = 210.84 x 106 /500 x 460 x 460 = 1.99
Pt = 0.635
Ast = 1461 mm2
Use 5 – 20mm dia bars at top and bottom at supports

The design is carried out at support. The reinforcement shall be properly anchored in column for Ld =
47 x 20 = 940 mm say, 1000mm

Moment at centre is zero. Minimum reinforcement shall be used at centre.

As = 0.205 x 500x 460 = 473 mm2

Continue 3-20mm dia bars top and bottom in midspan

Check for shear:

Effective length of bracing = 2 x 5 x sin(22.5) = 3.83 m

Shear = 2M/l throughout the length
= 2 x 210.84/3.83 = 110.1 kN
Vu = 1.2 x 110.1 = 132.12 kN ( due to wind)

100 As /bd = 100 x3 x 314/500x460 = 0.409

τc = 0.432 N/mm2
Vuc = 0.432 x 500 x 460 x 10-3 = 99.36 kN
Vus = 132.12 – 99.36 = 32.76 kN
Using 8 mm dia two legged stirrups, Asv = 100 mm2

Sv = 0.87 x fy x Asv x d/VUS = 0.87 x 415 x 100 x460 / (32.76 x 103) = 506.97 mm
Spacing should not exceed

i) 506.97 mm
ii) 0.75 x 460 = 345mm
iii) 450 mm
iv) 0.87 x fy Asv/0.4b = 0.87x415x100/0/4x500 = 180.5 mm

Provide 8mm diameter two legged stirrups @ 180 mm c/c

 PART – III Seismic Analysis

Details of sizes of various components and geometry are shown in table

Sizes of various components

Component
Size (mm)

Top Dome 120 thick

Top Ring Beam 400 x 400

Cylindrical Wall 250 mm (avg)

Bottom Ring Beam 1200 x 600

Circular Ring Beam 750 x 1200

Bottom Dome 250 thick

Conical Dome 500 thick

Braces 500 x 500

Columns
750 dia.

Weight calculations

Components Calculations
Weight (kN)

Top Dome 2 x π x 15.0625 x 2 x (0.1 x 25) 473.2

Top Ring Beam π x (15 + 0.4) x 0.4 x 0.4 x 25 193.522

Cylindrical Wall π x 15.25 x 0.25 x 5.0 x 25 1497.17

Bottom Ring Beam π x (15 + 1.2) x 0.6 x 1.2 x 25 916.088

Circular Ring Beam π x 10.6 x 0.6 x 1.2 x 25 599.42

Bottom Dome 2 x π x 7.84 x 1.8 x 0.25 x 25 554.2

Conical Dome 3.2 x 12.5 x π x 0.5 x 25 1570.8

Water 5890 + 4762 10652

Columns 2 1678.79
Π x (0.75) x19 x 8 x 25/4

Braces 0.5 x 0.5 x π x10x 4 x 25 785.4

i) Wherever floor finish and plaster is provided, their weights should be included in the weight
calculations.

ii) No live load is considered on roof slab and gallery for seismic load computations.

iii) Water load is considered as dead load.

iv) For seismic analysis, free board is not included in depth of water.

Weight of empty container = 5804.4 kN

Weight of staging = 2464.19 kN

Hence, weight of empty container + one third weight of staging = 5804.4+ 2464.19 / 3 = 6625.8 kN

Center of Gravity of Empty Container

Components of empty container are: top dome, top ring beam, cylindrical wall, bottom ring beam,
bottom dome, conical dome and circular ring beam. With reference to Figure 2.2,

Height of CG of empty container above top of circular ring beam = [(209.3 x 7.98) + (193.522 x 6.4) +
(1497.17 x 3.9 ) + (916.088 x 1.4) + (554.2 x 1.105) + (1570.8 x 0.4) – (599.42 x 0.6)]/ 5804.4

= 1.88 m

Height of CG of empty container from top of footing, hcg = 18 + 1.88 = 18.88 m.

Parameters of Spring Mass Model

Total weight of water = 10652 kN = 1,06,52,000 N.

3
Volume of water = 10652 / 9.81 = 1085.83 m

Mass of water, m = 10,85,830 kg.

Inner diameter of tank, D = 15 m.

For obtaining parameters of spring mass model, an equivalent circular container of same volume and
diameter equal to diameter of tank at top level of liquid will be considered.

Let h be the height of equivalent circular cylinder,

2
π (D /2) h = 1085.83

2
h = 1085.83/ [π x (15 / 2) ] = 6.145 m

For h / D = 6.145/ 15 = 0.41

m i / m = 0.52; mi = 0.52 x 10,85,830 = 5,64,631 kg

mc /m = 0.45; mc = 0.45 x 10,85,830 = 4,88,623.5 kg

hi /h =0.375; hi =0.375x 6.145 = 2.304 m

* *
hi /h=0.94; hi =0.94 x 6.145 = 5.7763 m

hc /h = 0.6; hc = 0.6 x 6.145= 3.687 m

* *
hc /h = 1; hc =1 x 6.145= 6.145 m

About 52% of liquid mass is excited in impulsive mode while 45% liquid mass participates in
convective mode. Sum of impulsive and convective mass is 10,53,254 kg which is about 3 % less than
the total mass of liquid.

ms =Mass of empty container + one third mass of staging,

ms =(6625.8)x(1,000/9.81) = 6,75,412 kg.

Full Tank case

Let Stiffness of staging Ks = 18000kN/m

Ti = 2 x 3.14 x (mi +ms)/ks
= 2 x 3.14 x (564631 + 675412)/18000x1000
= 1.64 sec
Tc = Cc (D/g)
For h/D = 0.41; Cc = 3.5 ; ci -4.5
Tc = 3.5 x (15/9.81) = 4.33 sec

Take T = 1.64 sec

Damping 5%
Zone 2
Medium soil
I = 1.5; Z =0.1; sa/g = 1.36/1.64 = 0.829
Ahi = (z/2)(I/R) (sa/g) = 0.1 x 1.5 x 0.829 /2 x 2.5
Ahi = 0.025
For Tc = 4.33 sec
Find sa/g by taking Tc =4
Sa/g = 1.36 /4 = 0.34
Ahc = 0.1 x 1.5 x 0.34 /2 x 2.5 = 0.01

base shear in impulsive mode,

Vi = (Ah)i (mi +ms) g

=0.025 x (5,64,631 + 6,75,412) x 9.81 = 304 kN

Similarly, base shear in convective mode,

Vc = (Ah)c mc g = 0.01 x 4,88,623.5 x 9.81 = 47.76 kN

Total base shear at the bottom of staging,

2 2
V= √ (304) + (47.76) = 307.73 kN.

* *
Mi =(Ah)i[mi (hi +hs )+ms hcg ]g

= 0.025 x [5,64,631x (5.7763 + 18.6 ) + 6,75,412 x 18.88] g

= 6502 kNm

Similarly, overturning moment in convective mode,

* *
Mc =(Ah)c mc(hc +hs)g

= 0.01 x 488623.5 x (6.145 + 18.6) x 9.81 = 1186 kNm

M = √ (6502)2+ (1186)2
= 6609 kNm

Moment = 6609 kNm

Base shear = 307.73 kN
Sloshing wave height = dmax = (Ah)c R D / 2 = 0.01x 2.5 x 15 / 2= 0.1875 m.

The moment is 30% more than the moment due to wind and hence the design needs to be checked for
stresses at this moments
 PART IV Design Of Foundation

Maximum Load on foundation at full tank is 8x2428kN and an additional 10% to include footing
weight.
Therefore, P = 1.1 x 8 x 2428= 21366 kN
SBC of soil = 150kN/m2
Area Required =21366/150= 142.44m2

Adopting a Annular Raft with Outer Diameter (10+x) m and Inner Diameter (10-x) m
A=3.14/4((10+x)2-(10-x)2)=142.44 => x=4.54m, take 4.6m wide
Net upward factored pressure = 1.5x21366/147=225kPa
Take 900mm wide beam on slab to bear 750mm column on it.

1. Slab Design
Clear cantilever = (4.6-0.9)/2=1.85m
Mu = (1.852/2)*225=385kNm
d = (385x106/2.07x103)0.5=435mm
Take D=500mm
Mu/bd2 = (385000000/(1000*440*440))
The steel required will be 2790mm2
Use 20mm dia bars
pt =0.64%
Vu=225*1.85/2=208kN
τv = 0.473 MPa and τc = 0.525 MPa
Safe

Distribution Steel of 0.12% =0.12*1000*500/100=600mm2

Provide 12mm bars at 150c/c

2. Design of Beam

Factored Circle UDL =1.5* (8*24288)/(3.14*10)=927kN/m

2A = 45o = (3.14/4) rad
Mu(-ve) = 0.066*wR2*(2A)
Mu(-ve) = 0.066*927*52*(3.14/4) = 1201.2kNm

Mu(+ve) = 0.033*wR2*(2A)
Mu(+ve) = 0.033*927*52*(3.14/4) = 600.6kNm
Tu = 0.005*wR2*(2A) = 91kNm

d = (1201.2*102/(900*2.07))0.5=803mm
D=1200mm d=1200-50-10=1140mm

Mu (-ve)/bd2=1.026
pt =0.313%
And Ast (-ve) = 3211mm2
Provide 6-25dia and 2-20dia along the beam for 0.25l which is 3574mm2 for a span of 1m
Curtail 4-25 bars up to 1m on either side of support and extend the remaining 4 throughout as hangers

Mu (+ve)/bd2=0.5.13
pt = 0.148%<0.2%(min)
And Ast (+ve) = 2103mm2
Provide 2-25dia and 4-20dia throughout which is 2238mm2

Shear and Torsion

Shear at support =0.5wR (2A) = 0.5*927*5*(3.14/4) =1820kN

τc =Vu/(900x1140)=1.77<2.5MPa
100As/(bd)=0.314%
τc =0.387MPa

Vuc= 0.387*9900*1140/1000=397kN
Vus=1820-397=1423kN
Use 10mm dia 6-legged stirrups
As=471mm2
sv= 0.87*415*471*1140/(1423*1000)=136.23mm

Provide 100mm 6 legged stirrups @130mmcc/c p to t=9.5o i.e. up to 3.83*9.5/22.5=1.62m

No. of stirrups = 1620/130 +1 = 14 approx.

At Ø=9.5o, Max Torsion

Vu1=1820-1820*9.5/22..5 = 1051.6kN
Tu=91kNm
Ve=1051.6+1.6x91/9
=1213.4kN
τve = 1213.4*1000/900*1140 = 1.183mm2
Me1= M + Mt
Mt= Tu/1.7*(1+D/b)=9.1/1.7*(1+1500/900)=142.7kNm
With M=0
Me1=142.7kNm
M/bd2=0.122 too small
Ast=Mu/(0.87*415*z), z=0.9d
Ast=385.2mm2 > provided

As Ø varies from 9.5o to 22.5o, the moment is positive and steel is satisfactory.
At mid-point torsion is 0.

Taking reversal of torsion with 10mm dia 6-legged stirrups,

Asv = (Tu/b1+Vu/2.5)*sv/(d1*0.87*415)>Asv from Shear Demand Calculation
b1=900-2x50-25=775mm
d1=1200-125=1075mm
100Ast/bd = 0.205 for Ast of 2103mm2
471 = (91x106/775+1051.6*1000/2.5).sv/(1075*.87*415)
sv= 339mm

From Shear demand sv < 471*.87*415/(1.183-0.32)900=219mm

Provide 10mm dia 6-legged Stirrups @ 210 c/c

Side face reinforcements

Rib=1200-600=600mm
0.1% of web area=0.001*600*900=540mm2
Making is 270mm2 on each face

Reinforcement details of footing are shown in next figure.