A Prelude to

Organizational Behaviour

Organizational Behaviour (OB)

Text Book: Organisational Behaviour by K. Compiled & Presented By:

Aswathappa (12th Revised Edition) Anuj Sharma
Pre-Class Reading – Chapter 1 Presented to the students of Tolani-Motwane
Institute of Management Studies
2 What are Organizations?
 Organizations are groups of people who work
independently towards some purpose.

 Organizations are not physical structures

 They are people who work together to achieve a set of

shared goals

 People who work in organizations have structured

patterns of interactions

 They expect each other to complete certain tasks in an

organized way *Exam Note: Winter 2014 (1 Mark)
 Why do Organizations Exist?
3
4 Definition & Meaning of OB?
 OB is the study of human behaviour;

 The study is about behaviour in organizations

 Knowledge about human behaviour would be useful in

improving an organization’s effectiveness.
5 Meaning of OB?
 OB is the study of human behaviour in organizational
settings, of the interface between human behaviour and
the organization and of the organization itself.
6 Definition of OB?
 OB refers to the behaviour of individuals and groups
within organizations and the interaction between
organizational members and their external environments
7 Foundations of OB (Basic Assumptions)
 There are differences between individuals

 A whole person

 Behaviour of an individual is caused

 An individual has dignity

 Organizations are social systems

 Mutuality of interest among organizational members

 Holistic organizational behaviour

 Need for management

8 Functions of Management
9 Functions of Management
 Planning
 Where the organization should be in future
 Establishes strategies to reach the destination
 Other functions – organising, leading and controlling are
derivatives of planning function
 All managers at every level of organization engage in planning
 Plans give them the goal and the actions needed to reach that
objective
10 Functions of Management
 Organising
 After plans have been developed, managers must design and
develop an organization that helps them accomplish the
objectives
 Creates a structure of task & authority relationships that give a
practical shape to all the functions of the management
 Accommodates changing needs of the organization
11 Functions of Management
 Leading
 Leading is motivating people to achieve organizational
objectives
 Creating a shared culture and values
 Communicating goals to employees
 Infusing them with the desire to perform at higher levels
 Motivating entire departments and divisions
 As well as those individuals working closely with the managers
 Quality of leadership need not only be in the top executive of
the organization
 At every level and in all the human beings
 A janitor making his juniors do a better job of sweeping is as much a leader as the
CEO who inspires his or her followers for better performance
Importance of OB (Why study OB?)
 Road map to our lives in organizations
 Helps us understand and predict organizational life
 Influences events in organizations
 Helps understand self and others better
 Helps a manager get things done better
 Helps maintain cordial relations
 Highly useful in the field of marketing
 Helps in career planning and development
 Adds to the bottom-line of an organization
 Helps sustain the tempo of economic growth
*Exam Note: Summer 2011 (3.5 Marks)
Summer 2014 (7 Marks)
Limitations of OB
 Knowledge about OB does not help an individual manage
personal life better
 Dualities of OB are baffling
 Has become a fad with managers
 Is selfish and exploitative
 Managers expect quick-fix solutions-not possible
 Principles and practices may not work in the events of
declining fortunes
 Cannot eliminate totally conflict and frustration

*Exam Note: Summer 2011 (3.5 Marks)

Summer 2013 (7 Marks)
 Major Disciplines and their Contributions to the field of OB

Summer 2015 (1 Mark)

*Exam Note: Winter 2011 (7 Marks)

Summer 2015 (1 Mark) Winter 2012 (7 Marks)
Summer 2013 (6 Marks)
Winter 2016 (7 Marks)
Approaches to the Study of OB
16 Approaches to the study of OB
 Human Research Approach
 This approach recognizes the fact that people are the central
resource in any organization
 They should be developed towards higher levels of competency,
creativity and fulfilment
 People thus developed will contribute to the success of the
organization
 This is also called the Supportive Approach
 Manager’s role changes from control of employees to active
support to their growth and performance
17 Approaches to the study of OB
 Contingency Approach
 This approach assumes that there is no “One Best Way” available
in any organization
 Situations and outcomes are contingent on, or influenced by
other variables

Organizational
The one best way of
problems or
responding
situations determine

Universal Approach Vs. Contingency Approach

Organizational
problems or Elements of the
Contingent ways
situations must situation, which
of responding
be evaluated in then suggest…
terms of…
 Approaches to the study of OB
18
 Systems Approach
 Managers should not become passive spectators of
organizational systems
 They have to transform system elements to achieve goals within
a dynamic environment
 Managers need to work with people and allocate resources to
carry-out tasks within an environment of change
19 Approaches to the study of OB
 Productivity Approach
 Productivity is the ratio of output to input
 It is a measure of an organization’s effectiveness
 Reveals the manager’s efficiency in optimising resource
utilisation
 Eg: If better OB can improve job satisfaction, a human output or
benefit occurs
20 Approaches to the study of OB
 Interactionalism Approach
 Relatively new approach
 Interactional Psychology
 Individual behaviour results from a continuous and
multidirectional interaction between characteristics of a person
and of the situation

Individual

Behaviour

Situation
21 The Model of OB
 Individual behaviour comprises of such aspects as
personality, perceptions, attitudes, learning and
motivation
 Group behaviour covers such topics as group dynamics,
leadership, power & politics, communication and
conflict
 Study of organizations include the nature of
organizations and organizational change and
development

*Exam Note: Winter 2013 (7 Marks)

22 The Model of OB
 Individual behaviour will influence and is influenced by
group behaviour
 Group behaviour has impact on behaviour of
organizations
 Cumulative effect of all these behaviours is felt on
organizational effectiveness
 Which in turn has impact on individual, group and
organizational behaviours
23 The Model of OB
Personality
Intelligence
Perception Individual
Learning Behaviour
Attitudes & Attributes
Motivation

Management & Managers

Group Dynamics
Team Dynamics
Leadership Group Organizational
Power & Politics Behaviour Effectiveness
Communication
Conflict
Decision Making

Organizational Culture
Human Resource Policies
& Practices Organizational
Work Stress Behaviour
Organizational Change &
Development
24 Thank You!!!

 Grazie
 Gracias
 Domo Arigato
 Merci
 Danke
 Obrigado
 Mahalo
 शुक्रिया