ACase Studyaboutthe Improper Waste Disposalin Barangay Mojon Tampoy

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A Case Study about the Improper Waste Disposal in Barangay Mojon Tampoy
Article · May 2017
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A Research Paper Presented to the
Faculty of De La Salle Lipa
Senior High School
In Partial Fulfillment of the
Requirements in
Practical Research I
Alvarez, Christine Joy B.
Bagus, Danica Elysse E.
Burog, Monique Elisha J.
Flores, Ruth Maxine C.
Feratero, Vince Joell F.
Gonzales, Ros Peter Angelo R.
Soneja, Shant Kenneth C.
May 2017
ABSTRACT
One of the most common problem in the Barangay Mojon Tampoy is the improper
waste disposal, which could affect the current living of the residents of the barangay. The
type of research approach is a qualitative research. In this study the researchers aim to
create a solution for the main problem that the researchers found out by interviewing the
residents. The Theory on Waste Management (2004) by E. Pongrácz, P. S. Phillips, and
R. L. Keiski is used as a reference through the progression of the study. An interview was
conducted with (9) willingly residents of the chosen community, barangay Mojon
Tampoy. The question asked to the respondents were their basic information, source of
income and the problems that they encountered in the community.
According to the result, improper waste disposal is the major problem of the residents
in Mojon Tampoy. These problems were defined as incinerating, throwing their garbage
on the well and the lack of garbage collection. These problems could harm not only the
residents but also the environment itself. The knowledge of the residents about their
current situation is based on their own experiences. Although they were able to give
advice to people that might experience the same situation by segregating their waste
properly but since they don’t have enough funds to support garbage truck collection they
resulted to the incinerating of their garbages.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This research paper was completed with the support of people who deserve a special
recognition in this study:
The researchers would like to extend their sincerest gratitude to the Lord Almighty,
before anyone else, for giving guidance and inspiration to the researchers, for granting
them the wisdom, and pulling them up in times of confusions.
To De La Salle Lipa for being a platform of creativity and innovation in this
generation, for giving the students an opportunity to develop each mind in establishing a
study that will help our current society.
The appreciation is also extended to the researcher’s respective families for being
supportive, and considerate of the undertaking times that the researchers need to
accomplish case study.
Much appreciation is also given to the classmates of the researchers of class SHS
11-17 for serving as sources of strength and for believing the abilities of the researchers.
Besides being a classmate, they are the ones that will serves as an extended family or
friend/s that will never run out of word of encouragements that will make the researchers
feel more comfort whenever feeling doubt.
To all the Barangay Officials and Residents of Brgy. Mojon Tampoy, we would
like to express our sincere gratitude for letting us know the current problems of the
residents through our interview last September and for allowing us to make a proposal for
the betterment of your barangay.

The contribution of the researchers, thesis and dissertation writers: Mr. Hamzah
Abdul-Rahman, Ms. Roshana Takim, Mr. Wong Sze Min, Ms. Julie Boehlke, Mr. Ben
Brasch, Ms. Asmawati Desa, Mr. Nor Ba’yah Abd Kadir, Ms. Fatimah Yusooff, Mr.
Leon Hayes, and Ms. Bea Llagas which were used as concrete citations in the different
sections of the paper to form parts of this study.
The completion of this study could not have been possible without the guidance,
constant supervision and suggestions of Mr. Roberto Marcelo Jr., our professor in
Practical Research. Our thanks and appreciation for the kind cooperation that helped us to
fulfill this project.
CJBA, DEEB, MEJB, RMCF, VJFF, RPARG, SKCS (2018)

TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
ACCEPTANCE AND APPROVAL SHEET I

ABSTRACT II
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
III
TABLE OF CONTENTS
V
LIST OF FIGURES
VI
LIST OF TABLES
Chapter
I. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Introduction 1
Statement of the Problem 3
Significance of the Study 3
Scope and Limitations of the Study 4
Theoretical Framework 5
Conceptual Framework 6
Definition of Terms 8
II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Conceptual Literature 9
Related Studies 11
Synthesis 14
III. METHODOLOGY
Research Design 16
Sources of Data 17
Respondents of the Study 17
Research Locale 18
Research Tools and Instruments 18
Data Gathering Procedure 19
Ethical Consideration 19
IV. DISCUSSION OF RESULTS AND FINDINGS 20
V. SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary 33
Findings 33
Recommendations 34
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDICES
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure No. Page
Figure 1. The Theoretical Framework of the Study 5
Figure 2. The Conceptual Framework of the Study 6
LIST OF TABLES
Table No. Page
Table 1. Open Codes for Questions 1 23

CHAPTER I
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Introduction
The situation that we chose in our topic is the problem in the proper waste disposal.
Based on our interview/survey, most of the residents in Barangay Mojon Tampoy
incinerate, this way of disposal is not eco-friendly and can affect the barangay itself and
the people can inhale the emission of smoke. This way of waste disposal can also lead to
a number of diseases especially respiratory diseases, such as asthma, bronchitis and
emphysema. Burning trash can be also dangerous if not been supervised, fire can spread
and burn nearby trees, wood houses and can harm animals. This way of disposal
contributes so much in worldwide known global warming as burning waste leads to air
pollution since greenhouse gases have been released. This situation currently evident in
the whole world, these problems should be managed because these cause global warming
and climate change that can harm the people of future generation.
The related issued on the project is the worldwide problem in the pollution in air and
land. In where the problems in air pollution are burning of trashes that can results in
releasing too much greenhouse gases in the air that can easily destroy the layers of the
atmosphere, second is the problem in land pollution if we don’t have a healthy soil that
can be used for planting plants or trees due to the chemicals that already killed the
fertility of the soil due to the harmful chemicals that comes from the garbage’s the world
will suffer from lacking of filtered soil. With this two related issue that might happen in
the community of Barangay Mojon-Tampoy the people in the community will suffer in
term of their primary source of their income which is farming. Because if atmosphere
total broken the grains or plants the farmers are growing will die easily because of too
much concentration of heat from the plants. While in the lacking of live soil or fertile soil
the farmers in the community will have problems to grow their plants because there are
no more soils to be plant on due to harmful chemicals that killed the soil.
The general objective of our study is simple, it is for the barangay to know how to
properly dispose their garbage, to find alternative ways in eliminating their garbage and
to ensure that the community will maintain the cleanliness in Barangay Mojon Tampoy.
This study mainly focuses on how the practices of the people in the community can
deeply affect, not just our nature but also their health. With our proposed project, which
is the compost pit with shredder, this will help reduce the carbon footprint and smoke
pollution present in the barangay. This is to guarantee that the community will bring an
end to incinerating their garbage.
The specific objectives of the project are to obtain the cleanliness and orderliness of
the barangay, to promote ecological awareness to the residences in the barangay, to
provide the compost pit in order to solve the problem of uncollected waste, to enhance
proper waste disposal and segregation as a key to prevent the problem on where to put
their waste, to promote cooperation among Barangay Mojon Tampoy residents for
community development and improvement, to teach the residents to observe proper waste
segregation and removal and to enrich the soil condition which can also help on their
main source of income which is farm or agricultural.

Statements of the Problem
The objective of this study is to let the residents of Barangay Mojon Tampoy know
how to properly dispose their garbage. Some factors affect the residents’ way on garbage
disposal, these factors are lack of knowledge on proper waste disposal, lack of garbage
trucks that may collect their garbage and the residents were accustomed on incinerating
their own garbage.
1. What are the current community issues of the residents in the barangay?
2. What are the methods used by the residents in disposing their wastes?
3. What are the factors that causes these problems?
Significance of the Study
This study is designed to provide the following sector opportunities and a participative
implementation of Building a waste-free community through composting in Barangay
Mojon Tapoy, San Jose, Batangas. As observed by the researchers, the problem of the
community is they don’t have a place where to throw their garbage properly. To help this
problem, the researchers came up with this project proposal, the residents of the said
place is expected to have a compost pit that will help them segregate their waste properly.
The compost pit that will be constructed will have a shredder to make the waste
decompose faster than the usual compost pit. With the assistance of the barangay officials
the project will be maintained and will help to convince people to support the said
project. With this proposal, the study will not only benefit the people living in Barangay
Mojon Tampoy but also the environment itself. One of a possible effect of the project is it
can enrich the fertility of the soil that can result to other positive outcomes.
Scopes and Limitations of the Study
The main concern of the study is to find a solution to the problems in Barangay Mojon
Tampoy, specifically the improper waste disposal which is the most evident. This
includes the study of different ways of waste disposal observed in the barangay, the
analysis of why the residents in Barangay Mojon Tampoy do this that causes the problem
and what could be the effects of their lack in proper waste disposal to the environment
and to their health.
It also covers the suggested project that the researchers have proposed an answer to
the problem. Additionally, risk management and planning, project work plan, and
detailed budget requirement of the project is discussed.
To sum it up, this study will solely focus on the improper waste disposal and the
solution to the problem which is the compost pit with a movable shredder and mixer
attached to the cover of the compost pit. It will not discuss and/or elaborate the other
problems in the barangay - aside from the improper waste disposal - nor discuss a
different way to deal with the said problem of the study. Although these factors may
affect the study, the researchers opted to exclude these factors from the study because
they chose to focus on the simplest way to deal with the most evident problem in the
barangay.
Theoretical Framework
Figure 1.1
This study employs E. Pongrácz, P. S. Phillips, and R. L. Keiski’s Theory on Waste
Management (2004) which discusses the conceptual analysis of waste, activity upon
waste, and a holistic view of the goals of waste management. The Theory of Waste
Management is a unified body of knowledge about waste and waste management, and it
is founded on the expectation that waste management is to prevent waste to cause harm to
human health and the environment and promote resource use optimization.
Waste management is affected by two main reasons which are waste disposal and
waste segregation. Without these two, we cannot properly manage or control the pile of
waste in the community. Waste disposal is affected by application of the self-sufficient
principle and discipline. Waste segregation is also affected by discipline and waste
control. These two are affected by discipline because without discipline the people cannot
manage things successfully and properly.

Conceptual Framework
Input
• Lack of Process
garbage • Observing the
disposal Output
problem in the
• Absence of barangay • Applicatio
garbage • Analyzing n of the
trucks
• Searching for Project
possible Proposal
solutions • Compost
pit
Figure 1.2
The issue that is currently evident in Barangay Mojon Tampoy was their waste
disposal and absence of garbage truck. So the researchers came up with the project
proposal that can help in eliminating their waste disposal and the absence of garbage
truck by building a compost pit with a shredder to help them dispose their waste easily
and properly. To make that possible, the researchers first interviewed 10 of the residents
of Barangay Mojon Tampoy to get the information that they needed to make a simple
solution to the problem. In line with this they also evaluate the cleanliness of the
barangay to think of what is needed to be done and what actions should they do. After
getting the details they needed, the researchers already have the input or the proposed
plan/project. They have the idea of a compost pit with a shredder to help it decompose
easily and help the environment to have healthy soil for a living. After creating the
proposal of the project, the group needs to coordinate with the barangay officials for them
to know if the project will be approved and be supported. If the said project proposal is
approved by the barangay officials, then the group will start the steps/methods from the
time table that is included in the proposal. With the use of the seminar for the people in
the community of Mojon Tampoy they will have a deeper understand of the project
which is the compost pit with shredder and what are the benefits of this project to the
environment.
In the first box which is input, it is indicated that the main problem to be solved which
are lack of garbage disposal and absence of garbage trucks. In the second box which is
process, it is indicated that the researchers observed and analyzed the problem before
searching for possible solutions. In the third box which is output, it is indicated that
proposals will be done, in this case the compost pit.
According to E. Pongrácz, P. S. Phillips, and R. L. Keiski’s Theory on Waste
Management (2004), the sustainable waste management depends greatly upon how waste
is defined. Definition is the most obvious, and adequate method of characterizing a
scientific concept. Definitions are offered to state or describe the accepted meaning, or
meanings, of a term already in use are called descriptive definitions. Descriptive
definitions are of the form: Definiendum has the same meaning as definiens.
Definition of Terms
asthma
- a respiratory condition marked by spasms in the bronchi of the lungs, causing difficulty
in breathing. It usually results from an allergic reaction or other forms of hypersensitivity.
bronchitis
- inflammation of the mucous membrane in the bronchial tubes. It typically causes
bronchospasm and coughing.
eco-friendly
- not harmful to the environment
emphysema
- a condition in which the air sacs of the lungs are damaged and enlarged, causing
breathlessness.
greenhouse gases
- a gas that contributes to the greenhouse effect by absorbing infrared radiation, e.g.,
carbon dioxide and chlorofluorocarbons.
incinerate
- destroy (something, especially waste material) by burning.

CHAPTER II
Review of Related Literature and Studies
This chapter present an overview of some related literature and studies that are
Conceptual Literature
This research shows the related concepts, definitions and classifications about
solid waste management and composting.
Solid Waste Management
According to Iyyanki Muralikrishna and Valli Manickam from ResearchGate
(December, 2017), “Without an effective and efficient waste management program, the
waste generated from various human activities, both industrial and domestic, can result in
health hazards and have a negative impact on the environment.”. An effective and
efficient waste management program is a way for an area to have a clean and safe
environment. The researchers have formulated a way to accomplish the aim of Iyyanki
Muralikrishna and Valli Manickam.
Treatments and disposal methods depends on the type of problem that any community
has. Residents or any responsible citizen of the community are able to conduct an
appropriate solution for the sake of their environment. Based on their research, it is also
said that various human activity can result a negative impact that can also cause health
hazards to the residents. Proper discipline and awareness of residents is needed.
Nowadays, the main problem of everybody about solid waste management is the lack of
discipline of some people, that causes growing rate of garbage problems that also affects
air pollution, water and soil contamination, floods and excessive breeding of rodents and
vermin.
However, Taguti, Francoso, Viera (2017) claimed that, “Biodegradable materials are
substituting the conventional materials in many different applications. Among these, an
important class is the biodegradable polymers, also known as ecofriendly polymers

mainly due to their ability to erode fast by composting without any toxic effect.” Solid
waste management can be done in different eco-friendly ways. Some of these are:
Creating less waste through reusing, rehoming for waste removal and refining footprint
example is using plastic bags from mall and using it again instead of throwing it away, as
well as plastic cups that can be use as pot of plants or people could try and sell the
reusable products. Another way is composting as waste removal, where in waste can be
put in compost pit, will decompose, and eventually turn into fertilizer. Also, food waste
can be fed to farm animals like cows, pigs and goats rather than throwing it.
Composting
Composting and vermicomposting are examples of ecofriendly ways of solid waste
management that can turn biodegradable wastes into fertilizer, that nourishes the soil
condition (Barthod, Rumpel, Dignac 2017). Composting is valuable as potting media and
soil conditioner as they increase plant available nutrient contents from the wastes, while
decreasing leaching, and heavy metal mobility. It can also reduce the carbon footprint
from the human activities that produce greenhouse gases emissions during waste
degradation.
Organic household waste containing food remnants (citrus fruit and vegetable peels,
fat, dairy products, etc.) can determine what can be composted in home gardens
(Neugebauer, Sołowiej, April 2017). Compost pit can be done into different ways, in a
pit dug in the ground and in a container and can be placed in the backyard and a vacant
lot. It can also be beneficial to everyone in the area.
Benefits and Long Term Effects of Composting
Compost is one of the important organic amendments that can be use in attaining
sustainability in soil and in the environment. The analysis made by US Environmental
Protection Agency of the impact of compost production and use in greenhouse gas
(GHG) makes use of modeling programs that are currently used for understanding soil
carbon balances. The study reveals that compost can have minimal effect on some
emissions related to compost manufacture and some potential sequestration associated
with end use (Brown 2017). Compost pit can control the carbon footprint that an area can
produce. It can also limit the negative ways on disposing garbage that can pollute the
environment like burning of the garbage.

Related Studies
Improper waste disposal is one of the existing problems that the Philippines is facing
right now with difficulty as humans are the root of this problem. There are several studies
conducted throughout the past years that deduced the importance of proper waste disposal
in the community and the effects of improper disposal of the waste to the community,
environment, and the health of the residents. All of these are introduced in this section.
According to Khylle Tumala (January 2015) from her study in the effects of improper
waste disposal in the Philippines, “Improper waste disposal is one of the biggest
environmental issues here in the Philippines. It caused bigger problems that affect not
only the environment but also the health and life of the people. This problem may be
resolve or it will remain problem to the country in the next few years”. A law in the
Philippines approved by the Office on the President on January 26, 2001 was created in
response to the rapidly growing rate of garbage problems in the country caused by
improper waste disposal. Unfortunately, even though there is a law, improper waste
disposal in the Philippines was ranked 3rd as top source of water contamination in a
study on February 2015.
Waste disposal is different from waste management. Proper waste disposal is needed
to properly execute waste management. Waste Management refers to the recycling,
processing, transport, assortment, and monitoring of waste products. The waste products
are mainly of three types: solid, liquid or in gas state. Solid waste commonly is known as
non-biodegradable waste (UKEssays, 2015). Their study centered on the waste hierarchy
or 3R’s – reduce, reuse, recycle – and explored waste management as a concept and
effect of waste disposal. Without properly executing waste disposal, difficulty in waste
management also emerge. It is also proven that human activities and lack of discipline are
the main reason of improper waste disposal that makes the problem difficult to resolve.
One of the significant studies that can also be applied to this research is the
“Environmental Impacts of Improper Solid Waste Management in Developing Countries:
A Case Study of Rawalpindi City” (Ejaz, Akhtar, Nisar & Ali Naeem, 2010), which
discussed and highlighted the main causes of improper solid waste management in
developing countries like improper ways of waste disposal. An inefficient municipal solid
waste management system may create serious negative environmental impacts like
infectious diseases, land and water pollution, obstruction of drains and loss of
biodiversity.
Furthermore, Marianne and Fred Sandford (2015) also claimed that improper
hazardous waste disposal doesn’t just contaminate soil and the local water supply, but it
can also pollute the air. An area with a reputation for a toxic environment can also be
susceptible to lower property values, so not following proper disposal procedures can
even affect the cost of houses' properties. Long term execution of improper waste
disposal of municipal wastes can affect soil and water properties and productivity. It also
produces lethal gases such as carbon monoxide and methane gas.
Disposal of refuse without proper supervision often amounts damage to the
environment and ultimately to the human body system. A public health physician,
Professor Akin Osibogun, justified that improperly disposed refuse has both direct and
indirect health effects to humans which were observed in the study of how improper
waste disposal damages health (Obama, 2015). Excessive breeding of rodents and vermin
like rats, cockroaches, mosquitoes, and flies are the direct health effects caused by
improper disposal as those vermin transmit diseases like leptospirosis, lassa fever and
salmonellosis from rats; malaria from mosquitoes, shigellosis and diarrheal diseases from
flies. Indirect health effects, on the other hand, include the contamination of water and
soil from leachate – a very harmful liquid mixture of chemicals that forms as water flows
from a contaminated area.

Another study, which is about effects of improper garbage disposal (Boehlke, 2017),
also implied that humans are not the only ones who are affected but also animals. As
water can be contaminated, marine life is also in danger. When wastes cluster and form
algal bloom, it can suffocate and contaminate everything near it – may it be a habitat
which includes corals or an organism like fishes, mollusks, etc.
However, a study in Ecuador which centered around the development of organic
fertilizers from food market waste and urban gardening by composting (Jara-Samaniego,
Pérez-Murcia, Bustamante, Paredes, & Pérez-Espinosa, 2017) can reduce the effects of
improper waste disposal and even prevent the pile up of wastes. Biodegradable wastes
can be used for agricultural purposes because of the high concentration that can be found
on organic matters and nutrients contents of the wastes like in food market and urban
gardening wastes that can be managed and recycled through composting obtaining end-
products like compost or fertilizer.
Synthesis
The study shows how significant proper waste disposal is in a community. From the
related studies and literature, the researchers reviewed, they are able to determine and
clarify the causes and possible effects of improper waste disposal in the community, to
the environment, and to the residents of the barangay the researchers are studying. With
the help of these studies, the researchers were able to revise a concept or idea about waste
disposal and composting. Composting is a simple way of segregating waste to recycle
and help the soil to be more fertile for future use which can also reduce the effects of
improper waste disposal and management.
Those studies were able to help people and readers to widen their knowledge
regarding to proper waste disposal. Improper waste disposal is contributing in the
worsening condition of the waste management that affects the environment in the
Philippines. This problem may remain and worsen over time or it can be resolved, a
Philippine law has been created and signed as a solution for this problem, but it seems
that it has not been effective since Philippines got a bad ranking for a water
contamination based in a study. Composting can contribute to lessen the water
contamination caused by the leachate as composting can make an area instead of
contaminated into a fertile one.

CHAPTER III
Research Methodology
This chapter presents and clarifies all the details of the procedures followed in
conducting the study. This chapter includes the discussions of the design of the research,
description of research instrument to be use, description of the locale of the study, steps
in collecting data and methods of analyzing and interpreting the data.
Searching for valid reliable sources of data and information for this study was a
challenge for the researchers. The researchers looked for several articles, theses and
research works in order to gather information and conducted sampling in order to acquire
the data required for this study.
Research Design
This research utilized a case study, a type of qualitative research that determines the
problems of Barangay Mojon Tampoy in regards to proper waste disposal. In this study,
some of the residents was interviewed about their current lifestyle and the problems that
they are encountering. A case study is a process that focuses on people’s specific
problems that they are currently experiencing. Through these experiences, the researchers
would provide an innovative and a convenient solution to resolve or address the problem
being targeted.
Sources of Data
The researchers gather data by the means of survey, that served as a guide for
conducting an interview, that was given to the residents. The survey includes the basic
question that includes the information, lifestyle, source of income and family background
in line with this the given questionnaire holds the confidentiality of the respondents, it
also included in the questionnaires about their problem with their barangay. This data that
have been gathered contributes on the researchers on coming up of the possible solutions
to solve the problem. Second is that some of the gathered information from the
community of Mojon-Tampoy is from some reliable online sites that gives more
information from the said community like the land area and the number of population,
and on finding ways on how to have some solution on the problems that the interviewees
told to the interviewers from the questions to the survey.
Respondents of the Study
Most of the interviewees were already living in Mojon-Tampoy San Jose ever since
they were born, but some of the interviewees in the community was born or raised in
different places like Bicol, Pampanga, Laguna, and different locations in Batangas. Most
of the interviewee’s age ranges are 25 to 63 years old. Age affects the study as the older
respondents are more experienced and more exposed to the culture and lifestyle in Mojon
Tampoy. All of the interviewees are all women and this data can affect the result because
women stay at their household more often and they are more aware of the changes that
occur on the community.

Research Locale
Barangay Mojon Tampoy is located in San Jose, Batangas. According to National
Statistics Authority (NSA), as of 2015, there are one thousand eight hundred sixty (1860)
people living in one of the rural areas. Its Latitude is 13°54’55.8” and its longitude is
121°6’49.68”. The common livelihood on Mojon Tampoy are mainly poultry and
agricultural. The place is observed with a clean and green environment, a rural place.
However, there are also some problems observed in the barangay that the researchers
wanted to point out. The barangay has limited lampposts that could make the place a bit
unsafe at nights. According to the respondents, there were no proper ways in the
barangay to dispose their wastes as there were no garbage truck in the area. A large
number of young people that is out school youth are also noted.
Research Tools and Instruments
The researchers conducted an interview last September 29, 2017 to the residents in
Mojon, Tampoy to know the issues or problems present in the community. In this
interview, the group was divided into two with a 4 to 3 members each, and they were
asked to document the answers of the residents on some common questions when it
comes on how they dispose their trashes. Some of the question listed in the survey
questionnaire were about their weekly budget, their expenses, family background,
knowledge about waste disposal and the appliances that they are using. The researcher
approached the people by saying some simple introduction and explaining the purpose of
the research. The respondents welcomed the researcher with a smile and answer the
questions honestly.
Data Gathering Procedure
On the 29th day of September 2017, the researchers went to Barangay Mojon Tampoy
which is located in San Jose, Batangas. Students approached the residents with respect
and kindness. Students are about to choose 10 houses and interview every resident that is
living there. First, the students started to tell them the purpose for conducting the
interview. The Interview/Survey Questions include their names, occupation, salary,
educational attainment and family members, including their age, marital status,
educational attainment and occupation. It is followed by questions about Barangay
Mojon’s residents about proper waste segregation and disposal. After answering the
survey form, students asked them if it's okay to take pictures with them because it is
needed in the documentation. Students ended the interview with the words of
thanksgiving for the opportunity to conduct an interview to them. The interview per
house lasted for about 5-15 minutes.
Ethical Consideration
In conducting this study, the researchers made sure that they observed some proper
ways of communicating with the respondents. The researchers made sure that the
residents were properly informed and participated willingly in the study. This study
showed no harm to the environment and to the locals, the researchers also value the
security and confidentiality of the respondents. The gathered data will be used and
applied in the research, without exposing any gathered data outside the project, and are
reasonable, credible, and valid. The researchers will make sure to maintain relationship
with the respondents for the updates in the project.

CHAPTER IV
DISCUSSION OF RESULTS AND FINDINGS
This chapter presents the data gathered in the form of transcribed interviews following
open, selective, and theoretical coding under Glaserian coding. Furthermore, this chapter
presents the analyses of the significant findings that the researchers had discovered
throughout the study in line with the specific problems found in the study and are
supported by related studies and literature. Textual discussions and corresponding
analyses are presented which points out the significant findings found during the open
selective and theoretical coding phases of the research.
The information gathered from the responses of the residents were recorded and
primarily transcribed. The questions that were asked during the interview mainly focused
on the profile of the respondents, type of lifestyle they are living, knowledge of
respondents in segregation and composting and its importance, observed problems in the
barangay, the projects that were implemented to try to resolve the problems, and why the
projects failed.
Most of the respondents were women with age ranging from 25 to 63 years old. From
the several interviews the researchers have conducted, the respondents provided the
evident and most observed problems in their barangays and the reason as to why those
problems exist and factors that might affect those problems.
Issues in the Barangay
Respondents answered that there are four major problems observed in their barangay.
A major problem that is difficult to solve and also affects other aspects of the lifestyle of
the residents is “wala naming sapat na pondo ang barangay” which makes living in
Mojon-Tampoy as money is greatly involved and greatly affects economics.
“Kakulangan sa mga livelihood programs” and “maraming microfinance” also make the
the problem more difficult to solve as the barangay’s source of income is limited and
small compared to their expenses that build up over time.

Some respondents provided information that there is “kakulangan ng pailaw sa
kalsada” which alarms the residents especially at night as the roads may become unsafe
and dangerous to walk on. It is also dangerous for the motorists to drive at night as there
are the visibility lowers at night and makes it difficult to drive in especially without
lights.
Large numbers of out-of-school youth are a major problem in the barangay because
“hindi sila nakakapag-aral kaya imbis na nag-aaral sila, tumatambay na lang sila”
which makes their life even more astray as they just live their lives without purpose when
they just stand by in one place or another. It also bothers other people, especially the
elderly, as they are worried about those youth’s future. But according to the interview,
this problem is difficult to solve as those youths have trouble financially and the barangay
ang government cannot support them for the barangay itself has insufficient funds.
Most of the respondents answered that the biggest problem that their barangay is
facing right now is “may mga basurang nakakalat kung saan saan” because “walang
nangongolekta ng basura” and “wala kaming mapaglagyan ng basura dito”. Lack of
land space provided for wastes and absence of garbage trucks lead to improper waste
disposal which make the surrounding full of garbage and wastes.
Analyzing the information provided by the respondents, it was found out that there are
different problems present and evident in the barangay but are all difficult to solve due to
insufficient funds - another problem observed in the barangay because of the lack of
livelihood programs. According to Tsagolov (December 8, 2014), who quoted a line from
Francois Quesnay’s book, Tableau Economique, which explains that the flow of money
controls the one’s economy for money can be said to maintain economy’s purchasing
power only if its supply is held proportional to what it buys. As economy grows, so does
the economy’s money and vice versa.

But, researchers also found out that it is most likely possible to resolve the lack of
proper waste disposal for Quigley (June 7, 2011), supported that even though there are no
funds involved, improper waste disposal can be controlled through composting.
Insufficient funds cannot affect improper waste disposal if done and maintained correctly
for composting only needs scrap materials and can save money and resources.
For this particular question, listed on the table are the statements mentioned above and
the corresponding open codes generated.
Statement Open Code
wala namang sapat na pondo ang Insufficient funds

barangay
Kakulangan sa mga livelihood programs Insufficient funds
maraming microfinance Insufficient funds
kakulangan ng pailaw sa kalsada Lack of street lights; Night is dangerous
hindi sila nakakapag-aral kaya imbis na Out-of-school Youth

nag-aaral sila, tumatambay na lang sila
May mga basurang nakakalat kung saan Lack of proper waste disposal
saan
walang nangongolekta ng basura Lack of proper waste disposal
Wala kaming mapaglagyan ng basura Lack of proper waste disposal

dito
Table 1. Open Codes for Questions 1
Ways of Waste Disposal
Based on the interview, there are different ways of how the respondents dispose
their wastes. The residents provided various ways of waste disposal in their barangay and
their knowledge about waste disposal.
Most of the respondents shared that they dispose their trashes by “nagsusunog
kami ng aming basura” and some respondents shared that “hindi kami nagtatapon eh,
sinusunog namin” and still do so even though they admit it themselves that “eh alam
kong mali eh sinusunog namin ang aming basura” due to different factors and situations
present in their barangay like “sinusunog namin ito dahil wala namang truck na
nangongolekta ng basura”. This type of waste disposal is harmful to the environment
because of the carbon footprint produced by the incineration of trashes and burning
produces particulate matter that are solid compounds and are suspended in the air (Hayes,
2016).
Some respondents also recounted that they “ïnilalagay sa balon ang
magkakasamang uri” while “pinaghihiwalay ko yung pwedeng ipagbenta sa
nagbabakal-bote” which they use to earn money by selling those trashes to a nearby
junkshop. The respondents chose to dispose their wastes through these ways due to
“binabaon nalang ng iba sa lupa kasi walang tapunan” and these respondents aspire to
help the save the environment and want to avoid contributing to the gases that cause
global warming. A respondent also shared that “nagcocompost ako ng mga nabubulok na
basura dyan laang sa aming bakuran” which she proved that can be later used as
fertilizer after months passed.
Proper waste disposal is significant to achieve proper waste management which is
beneficial to the environment and people’s health. Through proper waste management,
there will be a great reduction of landfills present in the surroundings and can be
beneficial to people’s health (Garbage Disposal, Recycling, 2017) as it prevents the
airborne pathogens from being transmitted when the air is clean and no medium for
pathogens. Waste management or Waste disposal can be defined as the activities and
actions required to manage waste from its inception to its final disposal (Rinkesh, 2018).
This includes amongst other things, collection, transport, treatment and disposal of waste
together with monitoring and regulation. It also encompasses the legal and regulatory
framework that relates to waste management encompassing guidance on recycling which
is used for recovering energy and earning money. Waste material disposed is managed to
avoid its adverse effect over human health and environment. Likewise, proper waste
management is needed for it is beneficial to people’s health, the environment, and for the
society’s economy.
According to Iyyanki Muralikrishna and Valli Manickam from ResearchGate
(December, 2017), “Without an effective and efficient waste management program, the
waste generated from various human activities, both industrial and domestic, can result in
health hazards and have a negative impact on the environment”. An effective and
efficient waste management program is a way for an area to have a clean and safe
environment. The researchers have formulated a way to accomplish the aim of Iyyanki
Muralikrishna and Valli Manickam.

Statement Open Code
Inilalagay sa balon ang magkakasamang Composting

uri
Pinaghihiwalay ko yung pwedeng Recycling

ipagbenta sa nagbabakal-bote
Hindi kami nagtatapon e, sinusunog namin Incineration
Sinusunog namin ito dahil wala namang Incineration

truck na nangongolekta ng basura
binabaon nalang ng iba sa lupa kasi Composting

walang tapunan
Sinusunog namin ang basura Incineration
Nagsusunog kami ng aming basura Incineration
eh alam kong mali kami eh sinusunog Incineration

namin ang aming basura
nagco-compost ako ng mga nabubulok na Composting

basura dyan laang sa aming bakuran
Factors that Causes Improper Waste Disposal
In the study of Mamady (March 8, 2016), improper waste disposal happens due to the
community residents who had poor knowledge and unsafe behavior in relation to waste
management. The answers of the respondents about the reasons and factors that causes
improper waste disposal mainly focused on three themes: insufficient funds, absence of
garbage trucks, lack of awareness and knowledge, and lack of discipline.
Insufficient funds caused by “wala masyadong nabibigay na pondo ang barangay
sa pangangailangan ng mga tao” and “walang sapat na budget ang barangay” is the
most affecting factor as to why the barangay is having difficulty to create and implement
projects that will solve the issues in the barangay. Poor cash flow management is the
most significant factor that leads to a project's delay followed by late payment,
insufficient financial resources and financial market instability (Hamzah, Roshana, &
Wong, August, 2009).
Some of the respondents provided that “dahil wala namang truck na nangongolekta ng
basura dito sa amin” and is the reason why they cannot properly dispose and manage
their wastes. According to Brasch (2017) in a study in Cobb County, a mountain of
garbage in the area is growing because there aren’t enough garbage trucks to haul trash to
landfills and there were no alternative ways introduced to the residents of the area.
Absence of garbage trucks should be immediately resolved or given an alternative to
avoid garbage dump in an area and prevent incineration as a way of waste disposal which
is harmful to the environment in other places like Mojon-Tampoy.
Additionally, lack of discipline and knowledge about waste disposal and management
greatly affects the respondents’ view of the importance of practicing waste disposal and
management. From a case study on the “Knowledge, Attitudes, Awareness Status and
Behaviour Concerning Solid Waste Management” (Desa, Kadir & Yusoof, 2010),
explained that the lack of awareness and knowledge among Malaysian community about
solid waste management (SWM) issues, and being ignorant about the effect of that
improper SWM has definitely worsened the problem. People should be aware,
disciplined, and knowledgeable about the problems existing within their area to be able to
formulate a solution or alternative regarding their problem and to prevent the situation
from getting worse.
Learning the possible reasons and factors of why the problems exist is significant to
formulate a solution or alternative to their problem. Identifying genuine solutions to a
problem means knowing what the real causes of the problem are. Taking action without
identifying what factors contribute to the problem can result in misdirected efforts, and
that wastes time and resources. However, by thoroughly studying the cause of the
problem, you can build ownership, that is, by experiencing the problem you will
understand it better, and be motivated to deal with it (Lopez, 2018).

Statement Open Code
wala masyadong nabibigay na pondo ang Insufficient funds

barangay sa pangangailangan ng mga tao
walang sapat na budget ang barangay Insufficient funds
dahil wala namang truck na nangongolekta Absence of garbage truck

ng basura dito sa amin
hindi ito masyado natututukan ng barangay Lack of Discipline
Wala kaming mapaglagyan ng basura dito e Lack of Discipline
Walang kaalaman sa epekto ng pagsusunog Lack of Awareness and Knowledge

Possible Solutions of the Problem
According to the residents of Barangay Mojon Tampoy, one of the most evident
problems that are happening in the barangay is the improper waste disposal of the
residents. They have no choice but to incinerate their garbage and this is causing air
pollution that increases the barangay’s carbon footprint. From the interview that the
group conducted, they have perceived that the barangay did not attempt to solve the said
problem.
Organic wastes, such as food waste and yard waste, make up 25 to 50% of what
people throw away. While you may not be able to compost all of the organic waste you
generate, composting can significantly cut down on your overall trash. When we throw
away yard and food waste, it decomposes in a landfill and releases methane gas, a potent
greenhouse gas. While most landfills have technology to capture much of this methane,
eliminating the gas at its source is even better. (Resource Recovery & Waste
Management Division, 2017)

The project ‘composting’ is to help the residents of Barangay Mojon Tampoy to
properly dispose waste and to stop their current way of waste disposal. The project is a
big help to restore or replace worn-out or contaminated soils for gardens. Also,
composting can help to reduce the amount of waste that needs to be disposed of.
Composting is better than burning the garbage, in composting the soil will also benefit, it
makes the soil fertile and rich.
Composting can affect Mojon Tampoy for a long time in terms of environmental
and economic. In environmental, composting can enrich the nutrients of the soil which
can help in their agriculture. In economic, composting can help their agriculture be more
efficient which their primary source of income is. In cultural terms, it can change their
accustomed way of waste removal which is the incinerating of the waste that can destroy
the ozone layer to composting that is low-cost way of waste segregation and can also give
nutrients to the soil.
One of the possible solutions is recycling. Wastes like bottles, papers and plastic
can be recycled instead of throwing it in corners of the street. It’ll help to convert the
waste materials into products which can be reused of anyone living in the barangay
example is a plastic bottle which they can use as a pot for the plants in the barangay.
Another one is having a compost pit in their own backyard. Residents can throw all their
organic waste in the compost pit which they can also use as a fertilizer after waiting for a
several time of decomposing. Just like what other residents said, they’re burning all their
waste in their backyard instead of throwing it anywhere.
Residents can also separate biodegradable and non-biodegradable waste; it is
important to separate the two. Biodegradable can use as fertilizers while the non-
biodegradable can be recycled and can be used again. In short the most effective
solutions of the problem are applying the 3Rs: Reduce, Reuse and Recyle. Proper
knowledge is important in every resident for them to apply and to contribute properly in
solving their waste disposal problem. This is why the researchers planned on putting
three trash bins near the compost pit that separate plastic, glass bottles and cans.
The project’s nature is that it is an ‘Environmental Prototype’. The project is a
compost pit that can enrich the fertility of the soil and will help the resident’s source of
living which is the agriculture. This type of waste segregation is low cost and eco-
friendly since it only uses land space and it doesn’t need fire and other harmful substance
that can affect the environment. Composting is also easy to main, besides the group will
provide a cover to avoid excessive water caused by rain, the group will also provide fence
to avoid accidents that can harm especially children and animals and also trash bin for the
non-biodegradable such as paper, bottles and cans. A seminar will be conducted to
inform the residents the guidelines and tips on how to effectively use the compost pit that
will sustain the effectiveness of the compost pit for longer time. The group will also
provide a shredder since grind waste is faster to decompose than the normal size of waste
that will be thrown on the compost pit. Once the project was implemented an evaluator
will evaluate and provide status.
This project will require shovel, organic materials, masonry lining and fertilizer as
said on the group’s reference but in this case, the group chose not to spend too much
money so they replaced masonry lining with bamboo sticks and cover. Instead of using
shovel since this is a large project the group have decided that they should hire some
workers, hopefully with equipment, to dig up. For the shredder, we will need electric
string trimmer, plywood, hardware cloth and deck screws. In addition to this project, the
group will device* a cover with a detachable mixer to reduce the diffusion of the pit’s
odor, this is also for the convenience for those who will mix the pit’s contents regularly.
There are three main processes in accomplishing our project. First, the residents must
put their biodegradable wastes in the shredder to help speed up the decomposition
process for composting while the non-biodegradable will be placed in the provided trash
cans beside the compost pit. Next, the biodegradable wastes will be dumped in the
compost pit. Lastly, the compost pit should be covered up and will be mixed up for
maintenance.
CHAPTER V
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION
Summary of Findings
The research questions and codes provided by the research group proves that there are evident
problems in Brgy. Mojon-Tampoy. All nine respondents, were female with ages ranging from 25
- 63 years old, who provided qualitative information about the different ways of waste disposal
that leads to improper waste management in the barangay; and, the previous projects done by the
barangay to try to solve the problem, which failed due to lack of support from the government
and insufficient funds.
Based on the data gathered by the researchers, most of the residents in Barangay Mojon
Tampoy were unable to perform proper waste disposal which can be both unhealthy and unsafe.
The residents of the barangay also lack knowledge on proper waste disposal. The dilemma could
be solved if the residents will be given proper and sufficient knowledge on proper disposal.
Conclusion
1. There are many community issues of the residents in Mojon Tampoy an example of this
is the insufficient funds of the barangay which makes living in Mojon-Tampoy as money
is greatly involved and greatly affects economics. The lack of livelihood and the
microfinance which also make the the problem more difficult to solve as the barangay’s
source of income is limited and small compared to their expenses that build up over time.
Lack of street lights which alarms the residents especially at night as the roads may
become unsafe and dangerous to walk on. The Out-of-school youth which makes their
life even more astray as they just live their lives without purpose when they just stand by
in one place or another. Most especially is the improper waste disposal which is their
biggest problem at the moment.
2. The methods used by the residents in disposing their wastes are incinerating their
garbage, segregating it by its category, throwing it to a well, or they practice simple
composting. This is happening because of there was no one who will collect all their
garbages or no collection of garbage.
3. The improper waste management of the barangay is the main factor that cause the
problem. If the people living in the area knows how to maintain their surroundings, to
dispose their garbage knowingly and properly make use of these wastes, then the problem
may be lessened. If the cause is the drainage of the barangay for multiple flooding of
garbage, then its their improper waste management that exceeds the factors. Improper
waste management can lead to certain problems in aspects of health and economy.
4. The compost pit with shredder will be done in order to address the issue of the
barangay. This will help reduce the carbon footprint and smoke pollution present in the
barangay. There are other simpler projects such as street sweeping but innovative devices
or products are considered also to make wastes useful.

Recommendation
1. Absence of proper waste management and consistent incineration of garbage is present in
the barangay. The product made by the researchers which is the shredder with compost
pit can improve the carbon footprint and cleanliness for the community.
2. The researchers recommend that the citizens in the barangay to attend the seminar that
will be held by the group to further discuss on how to manipulate the shredder and
compost pit.
3. Compost is one of the important organic amendment because it will be used for the
sustainability of the soil and in the environment. The study focuses on the specific benefit
and long life effects of composting.
4. Citizens being exposed to the culture and lifestyle in Mojon, Tampoy which is mostly
based on agriculture. The compost from the project will be a natural fertilizer that would
be used by the citizens to prevent them from the need of using chemical fertilizers which
can greatly harm the soil.

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APPENDICES
APPENDIX A
Respondent A
Age: 63
Question #1: Dumako naman po tayo sa mga kinakaharap ng inyong barangay. Sa inyo
pong palagay ano po ang pangunahing suliranin ng inyong barangay?
“Para sa akin ang pangunahing problema ng aming barangay ay ang kakulangan ng pailaw sa
kalsada.”
Question #2: Ano po kayang klase po kayong magtapon ng basura? Basta- basta nalang po
or pinaghihiwalay niyo po ang pwedeng iresiklo at iitapon nalamang?
“Pinaghihiwalay ko po yung pwedeng ipagbenta na nagbabakal-bote sa amin.
Question #3: Papano niyo po ito nasabing pangunahing problema?
“Para kasi sa akin, mapapdali ang mga buhay natin kung may sapat tayong ilaw sa kalye, lalo
na at papasok ang bahay naming walang pailaw kaya’t kami ay nahihirapang pumunta pag gabi
na. Maari kaming maaksidente sa sobrang kadiliman.”
Respondent B
Age: 62
“Pera, dahil wala naman sapat na pondo ang barangay katulad na lamang sa pagpapailaw ng
kalsada kasi nahihirapan ako kapag pumasok na ako sa amin dahil sa dilim.”
“Inilalagay sa balon ang magkakasamang uri.”
“Para kasi sa akin wala masyadong nabibigay na pondo ang barangay sa pangangailangan ng
mga tao.”
Respondent C
Age: 62
“Ang suliranin dito ay kalinisan.”
“Inilalagay sa balong ang mga basura.”
“May mga basurang nakakalat kung saan saan.”
Respondent D
Age: 46
“Maraming tambay dito sa Mojon. Para sa akin, hindi sila nakakapag-aral kaya imbis na nag-
aaral sila, tumambay na lang sila.”
“Inilalagay sa balon ang magkakasamang uri.”
“Para sa akin, hindi sila nakakapag-aral kaya imbis na nag-aaral sila, tumatambay nalang sila.”
Respondent E
Age: 25
“Wala kaming mapaglagyan ng basura dito e.”
“Hindi kami nagtatapon e, sinusunog namin.
“Kitang kita kasi na nag kalat sa kapaligiran yung mga basura, walang mapaglagyan yung mga
tao, mapapansin mo din na sinusunog o binabaon nalang ng iba sa lupa kasi walang tapunan.”
Respondent F
Age: 37
“Sa tingin ko, yung walang mapag lagyan ng mga basura dahil nga sa sinabi ko walang
nangongolekta ng basura dahil nga sa sinabi ko walang nangongolekta ng basura dito sa aming
lugar. Ito din ang nagiging dahilan ng matinding kalat sa kapaligiran.”
“Ay ineng! Di kami nagtatapon ng basura. Sinusunog namin ito dahil wala namang truck
na nangongolekta ng basura dito sa amin.”
“Sa tingin ko, yung walang mapaglagyan ng mga basura dahil nga sa sinabi ko walang
nangongolekta ng basura dahil nga sa sinabi ko walang nangongolekta ng basura dito sa aming
lugar. Ito din ang nagiging dahilan ng matinding kalat sa kapaligiran.”

Respondent G
Age: 31
“Wala naman akong napapansing problema dito sa barangay.”
“Sinusunog namin ang basura.”
“--------------------------------------”
Respondent H
Age: 57
“Kalinisan ng barangay.”
“Nagsusunog kami ng aming basura.”
“Dahil naapektuhan ang kapaligiran ng barangay”

Respondent I
Age: 46
“Kakulangan sa mga livelihood programs.”
“Nako eh alam kong mali kami eh sinusunog naming ang aming basura. Sapagkat walang
mga garbage trucks na nangongolekta ng basura. Pero nagcocompost ako ng mga nabubulok na
basura dyan laang sa aming bakuran.”
“Dahil madaming microfinance.”
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Article · May 2017

Ruth Maxine Flores Vince Joell Feratero

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Shant Kenneth Cobaria Soneja Ros Peter Angelo Rodelas Gonzales

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A Research Paper Presented to the

Faculty of De La Salle Lipa

Senior High School

In Partial Fulfillment of the

Alvarez, Christine Joy B.

Bagus, Danica Elysse E.

Burog, Monique Elisha J.

Flores, Ruth Maxine C.

Feratero, Vince Joell F.

Gonzales, Ros Peter Angelo R.

Soneja, Shant Kenneth C.

residents. The Theory on Waste Management (2004) by E. Pongrácz, P. S. Phillips, and

income and the problems that they encountered in the community.

resulted to the incinerating of their garbages.

recognition in this study:

them the wisdom, and pulling them up in times of confusions.

To De La Salle Lipa for being a platform of creativity and innovation in this

study that will help our current society.

accomplish case study.

feel more comfort whenever feeling doubt.

the betterment of your barangay.

sections of the paper to form parts of this study.

fulfill this project.

CJBA, DEEB, MEJB, RMCF, VJFF, RPARG, SKCS (2018)

ACCEPTANCE AND APPROVAL SHEET I

I. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

IV. DISCUSSION OF RESULTS AND FINDINGS 20

V. SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Figure No. Page

Figure 1. The Theoretical Framework of the Study 5

Figure 2. The Conceptual Framework of the Study 6

Table No. Page

Table 1. Open Codes for Questions 1 23

Table 2. Open Codes for Questions 2 26

Table 3. Open Codes for Questions 3 28

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Based on our interview/survey, most of the residents in Barangay Mojon Tampoy

a number of diseases especially respiratory diseases, such as asthma, bronchitis and

end to incinerating their garbage.

the barangay, to promote ecological awareness to the residences in the barangay, to

main source of income which is farm or agricultural.

their own garbage.

3. What are the factors that causes these problems?

Significance of the Study

implementation of Building a waste-free community through composting in Barangay

and to their health.

detailed budget requirement of the project is discussed.

This study employs E. Pongrácz, P. S. Phillips, and R. L. Keiski’s Theory on Waste

waste in the community. Waste disposal is affected by application of the self-sufficient

manage things successfully and properly.

proposals will be done, in this case the compost pit.

According to E. Pongrácz, P. S. Phillips, and R. L. Keiski’s Theory on Waste

is defined. Definition is the most obvious, and adequate method of characterizing a

meanings, of a term already in use are called descriptive definitions. Descriptive

in breathing. It usually results from an allergic reaction or other forms of hypersensitivity.