Energy Balance– Group 2

Dr. Gerardo Manuel Mejía Velázquez

IV – 319, 14:35 a 15:55
August – Dec 2019

Exams

Exam Date
Group 2, 14:35 T and F
1 August 23
2 September 6
3 September 20
4 October 4
5 October 18
6 November 8
7 November 22
Final

Homework
The homework should be delivered on the due date.
I will not receive delayed homework.

Homework Due Date Problems

1 August 23 3, 4
2 September 6 3, 4
3 September 20 3, 4
4 October 4 4, 5, 6
5 October 18 4, 5, 6
6 November 8 3, 4
7 November 22 3, 4

Each homework should include the following:

 Name and Student ID number.

 Course and homework number.
 Problem statement and diagram if necessary.
 Clear solution of the problem.
 The result underlined or in a square with units.

Fail to do so will cause a deduction of 5 points per each item with a maximum of 25 points off.
If you use EXCEL make sure that you deliver a printed page of the calculus and the
procedure is described.
 Energy Balance
Homework 1

1. In a certain region the average energy flux is 800 W/m 2. It is desired to heat 15 l/min of
water from 15 C to 60 C using a solar cell system. The efficiency of collection of the solar
cells is 70%. Calculate the area necessary of solar cells to heat the water. Assume that
the water has a density of 1 kg/l and the specific heat is 1 kcal/kg-C. (Answer: 84 m2)

2. A gaseous fuel is composed of 85% of butane and 15% of propane in base mol. The
mixture is heated from 20 C to 250 C in a heat exchanger before the fuel is burned in a
furnace. Use the Cp data as a function of temperature reported in your textbook
(Himmelblau) to calculate the energy requirements of the system for 1 gmol/s of the fuel
mixture. (Answer: 28.05 kW).

3. In a certain region the average energy flux is 600 W/m 2. It is available a heating solar
system with an area of 100 m2. The efficiency of collection of the solar system is 60%.
Water at 15 C flows in the system at a rate of 15 l/min. Calculate the exit temperature of
the water. Assume that the water has a density of 1 kg/l and the specific heat is 1 kcal/kg-
C. (Answer: 49.4 C)

4. A gaseous fuel is composed of 85% of methane and 15% of ethane in base mol. The
mixture is heated from 20 C to 250 C in a heat exchanger before the fuel is burned in a
furnace. Use the Cp data as a function of temperature reported in your textbook
(Himmelblau) to calculate the energy requirements of the system for 1 gmol/s of the fuel
mixture. (Answer: 10.465 kW).
 Energy Balance
Homework 2

1. Calculate the heat requirements for problem 2 in Homework 1 using enthalpies of a

stream. Consider that the state of reference are gases at 25 C.
A gaseous fuel is composed of 85% of butane and 15% of propane in base mol. The
mixture is heated from 20 C to 250 C in a heat exchanger before the fuel is burned in a
furnace. Use the Cp data as a function of temperature reported in your textbook
(Himmelblau) to calculate the energy requirements of the system for 1 gmol/s of the fuel
mixture. (Answer: 28.05 kW).

2. Calculate the latent heat of vaporization of ethanol at 40 C using:

a) The Watson Correlation. (Answer: 41.82 kJ/mole).
b) The Clausius-Clapeyron Equation. (Answer: 42.31 kJ/mole).

3. Calculate the heat requirements for problem 4 in Homework 1 using enthalpies of a

stream. Consider that the state of reference are gases at 25 C.
A gaseous fuel is composed of 85% of methane and 15% of ethane in base mol. The
mixture is heated from 20 C to 250 C in a heat exchanger before the fuel is burned in a
furnace. Use the Cp data as a function of temperature reported in your textbook
(Himmelblau) to calculate the energy requirements of the system for 1 gmol/s of the fuel
mixture. (Answer: 10.465 kW).

4. Calculate the latent heat of vaporization of methanol at 40 C using:

a) The Watson Correlation. (Answer: 37.117 kJ/mole).
b) The Clausius-Clapeyron Equation. (Answer: 38.025 kJ/mole).
 Energy Balance
Homework 3

1. Carbon dioxide is compressed from 20 psia and 40F to a final pressure of 700 psia. If the
compression is isothermic determine the following:
a) The final state of the CO2.
b) The initial and final enthalpies in BTU/lb.
c) The enthalpy change in BTU if the mass of CO2 is 5kg. (Answer ≈ -1354.63 BTU).

2. Air is cooled from 60 C and a relative humidity of 30% to a final temperature of 25 C. The
mass flow rate of humid air at the entrance is 10 kg/min. Calculate:
a) The mass of dry air in kg/min.
b) The enthalpy of the air at the entrance and at the exit in kJ/kg of dry air.
c) The mass of water condensed in kg of water/min and its enthalpy in kJ/kg of water.
d) The energy requirements in kW. (Answer ≈ -13.484 kW)

3. Carbon dioxide is compressed from 40 psia and 20F to a final pressure of 700 psia. If the
compression is isothermic determine the following:
a) The final state of the CO2.
b) The initial and final enthalpies in BTU/lb.
c) The enthalpy change in BTU if the mass of CO2 is 10 lb. (Answer ≈ - 1230 BTU).

4. Air is cooled from 140 F and a relative humidity of 30% to a final temperature of 75 F. The
mass of humid air at the entrance is 25 lb/min. Calculate:
a) The mass of dry air in lb/min.
b) The enthalpy of the air at the entrance and at the exit in BTU/lb of dry air.
c) The mass of water condensed in lb of water/min and its enthalpy in BTU/lb of water.
(Answer ≈ 0.498lb H20/min)
d) The energy requirements in BTU/min. (Answer ≈ - 907.15 BTU/min)
 Energy Balance
Homework 4
You can solve the problems using EXCEL. If you do so, include a page with the methodology,
print the worksheet in EXCEL, and explain what you did in the printed page.

1. Consider the reaction to obtain ethylene by dehydration of ethanol with sulfuric acid In
gas phase:
C2H5OH  C2H4 + H2O

a) Calculate the heat of reaction at 25 C in kJ/mole of ethylene. (Answer: 45.767 kJ)

b) Calculate the heat of reaction at 150 C in kJ/mole of ethylene. Use the Cp polynomials
as a function of temperature. (Answer: 47.015 kJ)

2. Consider the reaction in Problem 1, if the ethanol enters the reactor at 80 C and the
products leave the reactor at 140 C, calculate
a) The enthalpy of the ethanol stream in kJ/mole of ethanol.
b) The enthalpy of the products stream leaving the reactor in kJ/mole of ethanol.
c) The energy requirements in kJ/mole of ethanol. (Answer: 51.587 kJ)

3. Consider a liquid mixture of 80% benzene and 20% toluene in mole, calculate:
a) The HHV in kJ/mole of mixture at 25C.
b) The LHV in kJ/mole of mixture at 25C. (Answer: 3254.93 kJ)

4. Consider the reaction to obtain ethylene by dehydration of ethanol with sulfuric acid In
gas phase:
C2H5OH  C2H4 + H2O

a) Calculate the heat of reaction at 25 C in kJ/mole of ethylene. (Answer: 45.767 kJ)

b) Calculate the heat of reaction at 120 C in kJ/mole of ethylene. Use the Cp polynomials
as a function of temperature. (Answer: 46.759 kJ)

5. Consider the reaction in Problem 4, if the ethanol enters the reactor at 60 C and the
products leave the reactor at 150 C, calculate
a) The enthalpy of the ethanol stream in kJ/mole of ethanol.
b) The enthalpy of the products stream leaving the reactor in kJ/mole of ethanol.
c) The energy requirements in kJ/mole of ethanol. (Answer: 53.931 kJ)
6. Consider a liquid mixture of 20% benzene and 80% toluene in mole, calculate:
a) The HHV in kJ/mole of mixture at 25C.
b) The LHV in kJ/mole of mixture at 25C. (Answer: 3614.13 kJ)
 Energy Balance
Homework 5

1. Acetylene (C2H2) is burned with the stoichiometric amount of air. The fuel-air mixture
enters the burner at 25C. Assuming 1 mole of acetylene, determine:
a) The moles of O2 necessary.
b) The moles of N2 in the air.
c) The adiabatic flame temperature in C. (Answer : 2746 C)
Note: You can use EXCEL to solve this problem.

2. Consider a first order kinetic reaction. The conversion after 3 hours is 65%, calculate:
a) The kinetic constant in h-1.
b) The half-life time in h. (Answer : 1.98 h)

3. Consider a second order kinetic reaction. Assume an initial concentration of 1 mole/l. If

the conversion after 3 hours is 65%, calculate:
a) The kinetic constant in (mol/l) -1h-1.
b) The half-life time in h. (Answer : 1.6155 h)

4. Ethylene (C2H4) is burned with the stoichiometric amount of air. The fuel-air mixture
enters the burner at 25 C. Assuming 1 mole of Ethylene, determine:
a) The moles of O2 necessary.
b) The moles of N2 in the air.
c) The adiabatic flame temperature in C. (Answer : 2334 C)
Note: You can use EXCEL to solve this problem.

5. Consider a first order kinetic reaction. The conversion after 5 hours is 35%, calculate:
a) The kinetic constant in h-1.
b) The half-life time in h. (Answer : 8.05 h)

6. Consider a second order kinetic reaction. Assume an initial concentration of 1 mole/l. If

the conversion after 5 hours is 35%, calculate:
a) The kinetic constant in (mol/l) -1h-1.
b) The half-life time in h. (Answer : 9.285 h)
 Energy Balance
Homework 6

1. In a mixer 250 kg/h of a 5% solution of NaOH are going to be prepared from a 40%
concentrated solution. Water at 70 F is used in the dilution. The concentrated solution
enters the mixer at 80 F. Use the NaOH-Water Enthalpy diagram to calculate:

a) The mass of water necessary in kg/h.

b) The heat requirements in kW if the temperature of operation in the mixer will be 100F.
(Answer ≈ 3.51 kW)
c) The temperature of operation in the mixer in F if the system is adiabatic.

2. Calculate the specific enthalpy of a Benzene-Mehtane mixture with a benzene molar

saturation of 0.6/mole of methane. The temperature is 50 C and the pressure 1
atmosphere. Consider as a reference state pure compounds at 25 C and 1 atm, the
benzene in liquid phase. Use the Cp as a function of temperature and Claussius-
Clapeyron equation to calculate the heat of vaporization of the benzene. You can use
EXCEL, print and explain the calculation. (Answer: 14169 J/mol of mixture)

3. In a mixer 350 kg/h of a 10% solution of NaOH are going to be prepared from a 50%
concentrated solution. Water at 70 F is used in the dilution. The concentrated solution
enters the mixer at 80 F. Use the NaOH-Water Enthalpy diagram to calculate:

a) The mass of water necessary in kg/h.

b) The heat requirements in kW if the temperature of operation in the mixer will be 100F.
(Answer ≈ 1.2667 kW)
c) The temperature of operation in the mixer if the system is adiabatic. (Answer ≈ 95 F)

4. Calculate the specific enthalpy of a Toluene-Ethane mixture with a toluene molar

saturation of 0.6/mole of ethane. The temperature is 50 C and the pressure 1 atmosphere.
Consider as a reference state pure compounds at 25 C and 1 atm, the toluene in liquid
phase. Use the Cp as a function of temperature and Claussius-Clapeyron equation to
calculate the heat of vaporization of the toluene. You can use EXCEL, print and explain
the calculation. (Answer: 16151 J/mol of mixture)
 Energy Balance
Homework 7

1. Calculate the heat requirements in kW to cool 100 kg/hour of air at 80 C and a relative
humidity of 20% to 30 C. Use only the psychrometric chart. (Answer ≈ -3.725 kW).

2. A saturated liquid stream with 30% weight ammonium and the rest water is fed to a flash
evaporator at a rate of 100 lb/h. The temperature of operation in the evaporator is 140 F
at 1 atmosphere. Obtain the temperature of the stream fed to the evaporator, the flow and
composition of the streams leaving the evaporator, and the energy requirements in
BTU/h. Use the NH3-H2O enthalpy – composition diagram. (Answer ≈ 27806 BTU/h).

3. Calculate the heat requirements in BTU/min to cool 200 lb/hour of air at 175 F and a
relative humidity of 20% to 85 F. Use only the psychrometric chart. (Answer ≈ - 196.6
BTU/min).

4. A saturated liquid stream with 40% weight ammonium and the rest water is fed to a flash
evaporator at a rate of 200 lb/h. The temperature of operation in the evaporator is 120 F
at 1 atmosphere. Obtain the temperature of the stream fed to the evaporator, the flow and
composition of the streams leaving the evaporator, and the energy requirements in
BTU/h. Use the NH3-H2O enthalpy – composition diagram. (Answer ≈ 58392 BTU/h).