COMPRESSIVE STRENGHT OF
CYLINDRICAL SPECIMEN
I. APPARATUS:
1. Compression Testing Machine
(Capacity – 250,000 lbs)
2. Capping Fixtures
3. Melting Pot
II. MATERIALS:
1. Capping Compound (Melted
Leadite or Sulfur)
III. PROCEDURES:
1. After removal from curing room,
cap the specimen as soon as
practicable with the melted
capping compound to distribute
the applied load uniformly during
the test.
2. Determine the diameter of the
test specimen to the
measurement 0.01 in.(0.25 mm)
measured at the right angles to
each other at about mid-height
of the specimen. The average
diameter will be used to
calculate the cross sectional
area of the specimen.
3. Place the specimen at the table
of the compression tester
directly under the upper bearing
block.
4. Apply the load continuously and
without shock at a rate of travel
of 20 to 50 psi/sec. Until the
specimen falls.
5. Record the maximum load
carried by the specimen during
the test.
IV. CALCULATION:
Compressive Strength =
= Maximum Load
Cross-sectional Area - sq.in.
Note: Neither end of the compressive test specimen s when
establish shall depart from perpendicularity to the axis be more
than 0.5 (Approximately equivalent to 1/8” in 12”)
FLEXURAL STRENGHT OF CONCRETE
(Using Simple Beam with Third Point Loading)
I. APPARATUS:
Flexural Tester (Capacity–30,000lbs)
II. PROCEDURE:
1. Measures the average depth of
the test specimen.
2. Adjust the test span of the tester
such that is it three (3) times the
average depth of the test
specimen.
3. Place the specimen on the
support blocks of the tester.
4. Apply the load rapidly up to
approximately 50 % of the
expected load continuously at
the rate between 125 and
175psi.
III. CALCUALTIONS:
1. If the fractures occurs in the
tension surface within the middle
third of the span length,
calculate the modulus of rupture
as follows:
2
R = PL / b d
Where:
R =Modulus of Rupture, psi
P =Maximum Applied Load, lbf
L =Span Length, in
b =Ave. width of specimen, in
d =Ave. depth of specimen, in
2. If the fractures occurs in the
tension surface outside the
middle third of the span length,
calculate the modulus of rupture
as follows:
2
R = 3Pa / bd
Where:
=P a = distance between the
A line of fracture and the nearest
support on the tension surface of the
beam, in.
a = L / 3 – 5%L EVALUATION OF CONCRETE STRENGTH
3. If the fracture occurs in the
tension surface outside of the
middle third of the span length
by more than 5% of the span
length, discard the result of the
test.
In evaluating the strength of concrete, it
is essential that following principal factors or
variable which are known to influence it are given
due consideration:
1.Characteistics and Proportion of Ingredients
The strength of concrete is influenced by
the quality of its ingredients – cement and
aggregates. Gradation, particle shape and
surface texture of aggregates are characteristics
which are particularly important. However, even
the last quality of ingredients will not produce
strong concrete if the ingredients are not
proportioned in accordance with the accepted
methods of designing concrete mixture.
2. Maximum Size of Aggregate
The maximum size of aggregate has a
significant effect on the compressive strength for
a given cement content. If the cement content is
constant, the compressive strength is increased
as the maximum size of the aggregate is
increased. Stated differently, it means that less
cement will be needed to maintain the same
strength if the maximum size of aggregate is
increased.
3. Water – Cement Ratio
The influence of water – cement ratio
on strength stated by duff Abrams in 1918 marked
the most useful advancement in the history of
concrete. Other factors equal, the lower the water
– cement ratio the higher is the strength of
concrete. If water is added to the mixture after it
has been discharge from the mixer, the strength
is decreased if no additional cement is added.
4. Curing
The strength of concrete will
continue to develop for a number of years if
water in the mix is not lost through drying. In
structures which are not moist – cured and
remain substantially dry after construction,
the strength of concrete will never reach the
potential strength as indicated by the 28-
days compressive strength of control
specimens. Strength development stops at
an early age if concrete is exposed to dry air
with no previous moist curing.
5. Moisture content at Time of Test
For specimen tested in
compression, a dry specimen will give a
higher strength than a companion cylinder
which has been soaked in water immediately
prior to testing. It is the opposite in the case
of specimens tested in flexure, where moist
or soaked specimens will give higher flexural
strength than companion specimens which
are dry at the time of test.
6. Size of Specimen
A standard compression test
specimen is cylindrical with a height twice
the diameter. Smaller specimen will give
higher strength than the bigger specimens. A
12” x 24” specimen will give lower strength
than a 6” x 12” specimen obtained from the
same concrete mix and assuming that all
other pertinent factors are equal. This is due
to the possible faster strength Gain of the
smaller specimen. However, as the age
increases the difference in strength due to
difference in size tends to equalize.
7. Rate of Load Application
The standard rate of loading in
compression test is 20 to 50 psi per second.
If the test specimen is loaded at a slower
rate, the strength is lower than when it
loaded at the standard rate; a faster rate of
load application will result in higher
strengths.
EVALUATION AND ACCEPTANCE OF
CONCRETE
There are factors to be considered in
the evaluation and acceptance, namely:
A. Strength of concrete – Applicable
for both Structural Concrete (Item
405) and Paving Concrete (Item
311).
B. Thickness Determination of
Concrete – Applicable only to
Paving Concrete (Item 311).
A. STRENGTH OF CONCRETE
Pursuant to ministry order No. 12
dated February 27, 1981 and as
adopted in the 1988 DPWH
Standard Specifications for
Highways, Bridges, and Airport,
Volume II, the criteria in the
evaluation and acceptance for both
Structural Concrete and Paving
Concrete are as follows:
1. The strength level of concrete
will be considered satisfactory if
the average of all sets of three
consecutive strength test results
equal or exceed the specified
strength fc’, and no individual
strength test result is deficient
by more than 15% of the
specified strength fc’.
2. Concrete deemed to be not
acceptable using the above
criteria may be rejected unless
the contractor can provide
evidence, by means of core
tests, than the quality of
concrete represented by failed
test results is acceptable in –
place. At least three
representative cores shall be
taken from each member or
area of concrete in place that is
considered deficient. The
location of cores shall be when two lanes are poured
determine by the Structural concurrently.
Engineer so that there will be
least impairment of strength of
b) Each lot will be divided into five (5)
the structure. equal segments and one (1) core
3. Concrete in the area will be obtain from each segment.
represented by the cores will be c) The allowable tolerance in
considered adequate if the pavement thickness is 25 mm.
average strength of the cores is d) If the actual thickness of pavement
equal to or at least 85% of fc’, exceeded the required thickness by
and if no single core is less than more than 5 mm, the credited
75% of, the specified strength thickness equal to required
fc’. thickness plus 5 mm (Credited T =
Required T + 5mm).
4. If there is a strength deficiency e) If the actual thickness of pavement
in the concrete specimen per is less than the required thickness
preceding paragraph one, and it by more than 25 mm, obtain core at
is not feasible, or not advisable 5.0 meter interval in each direction
to obtain cores from the from the affected location until a
structure due to the structural core is found in each direction which
considerations, payment of the is not deficient in thickness by more
concrete will be made at an than 25 mm.
adjusted price due to strength f) Compute the average thickness of
pavement per lot and refer to table
deficiency of concrete II.
specimens as specified in the
following table: II. Adjustment of Payment for Thickness
CONCRETE STRENGTH When the average thickness of the
DEFICIENCY pavement per lot is deficient,
payment of the lot shall be adjusted
Deficiency in Strength Percent of Contract as follows:
Of Concrete Specimen Price Allowed
Less than 5 100 % TABLE II
5 to less than 10 80 %
10 to less than 15 70 % Deficiency in the average Percent of Contract
15 to less than 20 60 % Thickness per Lot (mm) Price per Lot
20 to less than 25 50 %
25 or more 0% 0–5 100 % payment
6 – 10 95 % payment
B. THICKNESS SETERMINATION OF 11 – 15 85 % payment
CONCRETE 16 – 20 70 % payment
21 – 25 50 % payment
I. Tolerance and Pavement Thickness more than 25 Remove and Replace
( No Payment)
a) The completed pavement shall be
accepted on a lot basis.
1. A lot shall be considered as
1000 linear meters of pavement
when a single traffic lane is
poured.
2. A lot shall be considered as 500
linear meters of pavement
FINAL REPORT ON CORE BORING TEST

REMARKS

STATION OF CORE TAKEN

+ 150 LLSta. 0 + 050 RL

# 4# X#4 – B# 3# 2# 1
Deficient in thickness be more

CORE ID
than 2 mm

+ 250 RL

# 5# 4 – FY
CREDITED THICKNESS, cu.m.

--17.519.520.520.020.5

SLUMP TEST FOR CONSISTENCY OF

+ 345 LL
Total Credited Thickness = 154.5 cm
Ave. Credited Thickness = 19.3 cm
PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE
AASHTO Designation: T 119 – 94
(ASTM Designation: C 143 – 74)

Remarks:
Apparatus:

+ 349
1. Station limit of thickness that failed to 1. Galvanized mold, No. 16 gage (frustrum of a
meet the allowable tolerance: Sta. 0 + cone with a base diam. Of 8 in. and height of
20.019.017.5

349 to Sta. 0 + 351.25 (L = 2.25 m) 12 in.)

2. Area that failed to meet the tolerance in 2. Scoop

+ 350 LL
pavement thickness requirement: W x L 3. Trowel
= 6.10m x 2.25m = 13.725 sq.m. 4. Tamping Rod (5/8” dia., L = 24 in. with one
3. Percent of contract price allowed for end bullet pointed at the lower end)
payment of item 311 due to deficient in
thickness: Procedure:
AVERAGE THICKNESS, cu.m.

17.017.519.521.020.020.5

Deficiency in Thickness = Reqd. 1. Dampen the mold and place on a flat moist
Thickness – Ave. Credited Thickness non-absorbent surface
= 20.0 – 19.3 2. Fill the mold with concrete in three layers,
= 0.70 cm (7.0mm) each approximately one-third the volume of
within 6mm to 10 mm the mold. In placing the concrete, move the
+ 351.25

(refer to Table) scoop-full around the top edge of the mold as

the concrete slides from it, in order to insure
Therefore, 95 % payment of symmetrical distribution of concrete within the
contract price for item 311 is allowed. mold.
3. Each layer should be rodded with 25 stroke of
a 5/8” diameter rod having a length of 24 in.
and bullet-pointed at the lower end. The
+ 355 LL

stroke should be distributed in a uniform

manner over the cross section of the mold
and should penetrate into the underlying layer
20.019.017.5

by ½ inch.
4. After the top layer has been rodded, strike off
the surface of the concrete with a trowel so
+ 450 RL

that the mold is exactly filled.

5. Remove the mold from the concrete by
raising it carefully in a vertical direction, then
measure immediately the slump by
determining the difference between the height
of the mold and the height of the concrete:
 the sun, wind, and other sources of rapid
Slump = 12” – height of the evaporation, and from contamination.
concrete after its
subsidence 3. PROCEDURE

6. After the slump measurement is completed,
tap gently the sides of the concrete frustum
with the tamping rod. The behavior of the
concrete under this treatment is a valuable
indication of the cohesiveness, workability,
and placeability of the mix. A well
proportioned workable mix will gradually
slump to lower elevation and return its original
identity, while a poor mix will crumble,
segregate and fall apart.
Note:
A slump test is measure of consistency in
concrete. It is the difference between the
height of the mold and the height of the
vertical axis of the specimen once it is
separated from the mold.
In construction work, it is the last barrier or
“Go or No Go” point before the concrete is
placed, and a lot depends on the results. The
common mistakes that should be avoided are:
1.) Poor sampling 2.) Neglecting to ampen the
core 3.) Improper rodding 4.) An unstable
base, and 5.) Wrong type of rod – and the test
results bears little relation to actual concrete
equality.
used for strength tests a minimum of 1 cu.ft.
STANDARD METHOD OF
SAMPLING FRESH CONCRETE
AASHTO Designation: T 141 – 74
(ASTM Designation: C 172 – 71)
1. SCOPE
This method describes the procedures for
obtaining representative samples of fresh
concrete as delivered to the project site and
on which tests are to be performed to
determine the compliance with quality
requirements of the specifications under
which the concrete is furnished. The methods
include sampling from stationary, paving and
truck mixers, and from agitating and non-
agitating equipment used to transport central
mixed concrete.
Size of Sample – Make the sample to be
a. Sampling from Stationary Mixers,
Except Paving Mixers –
Sample the concrete at two or more
regularly spaced intervals during
discharge of the middle portion of the
batch. Take the samples within the time
limit of 15 minutes and composite them
into one sample for test purposes. Do
not obtain samples from the very first or
last portions of the batch discharge.
Perform sampling by passing a
receptacle completely through the STANDARD METHOD OF TEST FOR
discharge stream or by completely UNIT WEIGHT AND YIELD OF CONCRETE
diverting the discharge into a sample AASHTO Designation: T 121 – 82
container. (ASTM Designation: C 138 – 77)
b. Sampling from Paving Mixers –
I. APPARATUS
Sample the concrete after the
contents of the paving mixer have been 1. Balance
discharge. Obtain samples from at 2. Tamping Rod – round, straight steel rod, 16
least five different portions of the pile mm in diameter 60 mm in length
and then composite into one sample for and rounded tamping end
test purposes. Avoid contamination with 3. Measure – a cylindrical container made from
sub-grade materials or prolong contact metal that is not readily attacked by
with an absorptive sub-grade. cement paste
- Watertight and sufficiently rigid to
c. Sampling from Revolving drum / Truck retain its form and calibrated volume
Mixers or Agitators – under rough used

2. SAMPLING Sample the concrete at two or more Minimum Capacity of Measures

regularly spaced intervals during
The elapsed time between obtaining the first discharge of the middle portion of the Max. Nominal Size Capacity of
and the final portions of the composite batch. Take the samples within the time Of Coarse Agg., mm Measures, ltr
samples shall be as short as possible, but in limit specified for sampling fresh
no instance shall it exceed 15 minutes. concrete and composite them into one 25.0 6.0
sample for test purposes. In any case 37.5 11.0
Transport the individual samples to the place do not obtain samples from the first or 50.0 14.0
where fresh concrete test are to be performed last portions of the batch discharge. 75.0 28.0
or where test specimens are to be molded. Sample by repeatedly passing a 114.0 71.0
They shall then be combined and re-mixed receptacle through the entire discharge 152.0 99.0
with a shovel to ensure uniformity. stream or by completely diverting the
discharge into a sample container. Dimension of Measures
Start tests for slump or air content, or both, Regulate the rate of the discharge of
within 5 minutes after the sampling is the batch by the rate of revolution of Capacity Inside Inside Thickness Metal Size of
(liters) Dia. Height Of Wall Agg.
completed. the drum and not by the size of the Bottom Max.
(mm) (mm) (mm)
gate opening. (mm) (mm)
Start molding test specimens for strength
within 15 minutes after fabricating the 3 155+/-2 160+/-2 5.0 2.5 12.5
composite sample. Keep the elapsed time 10 205+/-2 305+/-2 5.0 2.5 25.0
between obtaining and using the samples as 15 255+/-2 295+/-2 5.0 3.0 40.0
short as possible and protect the sample from 30 355+/-2 305+/-2 5.0 3.0 100.0
 penetrate about 25 mm into the - Followed by 2 minutes final
4. Strike-Off – flat rectangular plate, 6 mm thick underlying layers mixing
or glass or acrylic plate, 12 mm - after each layer is rodded, tap the Note: Cover open top wile resting.
thick. sides of the measure smartly 10 to
-- Length and width at least 50 mm 15 times with the appropriate mallet Discharge concrete to mixing pan and remix
greater than the diameter of the - add final layer so as to avoid using shovel until uniform in appearance.
measure. overfilling
5. Mallet – with rubber or rawhide head, 0.57+/- - 25 strokes if the measure used is Curing
0.23 kg for 14 liters or smaller 14-liters or smaller in capacity - cover immediately after molding
measures, 1.02+/-0.23 kg for measures - 50 strokes for 28-liter measure - remove from mold not less than 20 nor
larger than 14 liters capacity measure. 3. Internal Vibration more than 48 hours after molding
- Fill and vibrate in two equal layers - storage during the first 48 hours should be
II. CALIBRATION OF MEASURE - Insert vibrator at three different vibration-free
(AASHTO DESIGNATION: T 19-80) points for each layer
- In compacting the bottom layer, do
1. Weigh empty measure not allow the vibrator to rest on or
2. Fill the measure with water at room touch the bottom or sides of the
temperature measure
3. Determine the net weight of water in the - In compacting the final layer, the
measure vibrator shall penetrate into the MAKING AND CURING CONCRETE TEST SPECIMEN
4. Measure the temperature of the water and underlying layer approximately 25 MAKING AND CURING CONCRETE TEST SPECIMEN IN THE FIELD
determine its unit weight, from the following mm IN THE LABORATORY AASHTO Designation: T 23
table ( interpolate if necessary) - The duration of vibration will depend AASHTO Designation: T 126-76 (ASTM Designation: C 31)
upon the workability of the concrete (ASTM Designation: C 192-76)
Unit Weight of Water and effectiveness of the vibrator
- (note: Usually, sufficient vibration has No. Of Specimen – 3 or more for each test age or A. COMPRESSION TEST SPECIMENS
Temperature kg/cu.m. been applied as soon as the condition
surface of the concrete 1. Size of Specimens
F C becomes relatively smooth) PREPARATION OF MATERIALS:
Diameter = 3 x max. nominal size of
60 15.6 999.01 4. Strike-Off Temperature – 20 to 25 degrees C aggregate
65 18.3 998.54 - After the consolidation, strike- Height = 2 x diameter
70 21.1 997.97 off the top surface of he Cement – Shall pass through 1.18 mm (No. 16) or
75 23.9 997.32 concrete and finish it smoothly finer sieve 2. Molding
80 26.7 996.59 with the flat strike-off plate - All lumps must be rejected - Fill the mold in 3 layers of
85 29.4 995.83 approximately equal volume
5. Cleaning and Weighing MIXING PROCEDURE: - Rod each layer with a bullet-shaped
5. Calculate the factor for the measure by - After the strike-off, clean all tamping rod at lower end
dividing the unit weight of the water by the excess concrete from the A. Hand Mixing - The strokes shall be distributed
weight required to fill the measure. exterior of the measure and – mix cement and fine aggregate uniformly over the cross-section of the
determine the net mass of the without water (and admixture, if mold and shall just penetrate into the
III. SAMPLE – Obtain the sample of freshly mixed concrete. any) underlying layer
concrete in accordance with the Standard - mix coarse aggregate without - The bottom layer shall be rodded
Sampling of Fresh Concrete. (AASHTO 6. Calculation water throughout its depth
DESIGNATION: T 141) - add water (and admixture - Tap the side of the mold to close the
Unit Weight = (Net Mass of the concrete) X “solution” if used until the concrete voids left by they tamping rod
IV. PROCEDURE (Calibration Factor of measure) is homogeneous - After the top layer has been rodded,
the surface of the concrete shall be
1. Consolidation – consolidate by rodding for Yield = (Total Mass of Batch) / (Unit Weight of B. Machine mixing struck off with a trowel and cover with
concrete having a slump greater than 75 mm, Concrete) a glass or metal plate to prevent
by rodding or vibration if the slump is 25 to 75 Step 1 – Prior to starting rotation, add coarse evaporation
mm, and by vibration if the slump is less than Cement Content aggregate, some of the mixing water,
25 mm = Mass of Cement in the Batch and the solution of admixture, if
2. Rodding – place the concrete in the measure Volume of the Batch required.

75502525

100 (4)-
in three layers of approximately Step 2 – Start mixer and add fine aggregate,
equal volume cement and water while running.
- rod the bottom layer throughout its
depth but the rod shall not forcibly If Step 2 is not possible
strike the bottom of the measure - Stop mixer
- distribute the strokes uniformly - Add other ingredients
over the cross section of the - Mix for 3 minutes
measure and for the top two layers, - Followed by 3 minutes rest
 Approximate Depth / Layer, mm (in)

Rod diameter, mm (inches)

1 for each 14 sq.cm. (2 sq.in.) of Surface1 for each 7 sq. cm. (sq.in.) of Surface25

Mode of Compaction
No. of Strokes per Layer

No. of Layers Required

Over 460 (18)300(12) -460(18)Over 300 (12)Up to 300 (12) VibrationVibrationRoddingRodding 3 or more2 equalas required3 equal200(8) as near as practicblehalf depth

No. of Strokes per Layer

16 (5/8)10 (3/8)
Rod Size and No. of Strokes per Layer

No. of Layers osdoso

No. of Roddings per Layer / Rod Diameter

No. of Strokes/Layer
Consolidation by Vibrator
 Use 3 insertion of the vibrator at
different points for each layer
 Allow the vibration to penetrate
through layer being vibrated, and
into layer below, approximately 25
mm (1 inch)

Depth, mm (in) VibrationVibrationRoddingRodding

3. Curing
 After molding cover top with wet
burlap and store in a cold place
 Remove from mold after 24

310 (50) or more165 – 310 (26 – 49)160 (25) or less

Top Surface area of Specimen, sq.cm. (sq.in.)
hours and soak in water more

No. of Layers 200 (3) or as near as practicableDepth of Sample100 (4)Half Depth

than 7 days prior to the time of
test (tests shall be kept in the

No. of Layers
field at least three-fourths of the
Mm (inc)Rod Diameter

16 (5/8)16 (5/8)16 (5/8)10 (3/8)

test period)
 While in the laboratory the
specimen shall be kept at
laboratory temperature until 24
to 48 hours before testing

General Rules:
1. Take samples from at least
three parts of the load
2. Use only non-absorptive molds

Over 200 (8)150 – 200 (6 – 8)Over 200 (8)150 – 200 (6 – 8)

3. Fill in three equal layers, rod
each layer 25 times with
spherical-nose rod
Mode of Compaction

4. Let cylinder stand undisturbed

from 12 to 24 hours, with tops
covered at temperature
250 (10)200 (8)150 (6)100 (4)
Mm (inc)Cylinder Dia.

between 60 and 80 F (20 – 26

C)
5. Pack cylinders carefully in
sawdust and ship to laboratory
for testing.

B. FLEXURE TEST SPECIMENS

1. Size of Sample

2 or more13 or more2 equal

Depth = 3 x max. nominal size
No. of Cylinder mm (in.)

of aggregate
Width = depth or may be wider
by not more
Than half
Length = 3 x depth + 2 inches
or more

10 (3/8)
2. Molding
 Fill the mold with concrete in layers
of approximately 75 mm (3 inches) in Consolidation by vibration – Insert the
depth vibrator at intervals not exceeding 150 mm (6 in)
 Rod each layer 50 times for each along the centerline of the long dimension of the
square foot ( or 1 stroke for each 2 specimen. For specimens wider than 150 mm (6
square inches) in.), use alternating insertions along two lines.
 After each layer is rodded, the Allow the shaft of the vibrator to penetrate into the
concrete shall be spaded along the
sides and ends with a mason’s
bottom layer approximately 25 mm (1 in.)
trowel or other suitable tools
 When the rodding and spading 3. Curing
operations is completed, the top
shall be struck off with a straightedge
 - After molding tests specimens, and natural sand having a fineness modulus of Table 1

263134374146

For Less Workable Concrete as Pavement Manufacture sandEach 25 mm increase or decrease in slumpEach 0.1 increase or decrease in fineness Modulus of Sand
Changes in Conditions Stipulated in Table V
Sand % of Total Aggregate by
immediately cover molds with wet 2.75.

Absolute Volume cu.m.

burlap and store in a cold place
- Let tests specimens stand undisturbed in For mixes having either proportions, see

20.7 ( 3,000 )
Minimum compressive Strength of 150 mm x 300 mm Concrete Cylinder
their molds for 24 – 48 hours at 60 – adjustment below
80F
- Immediately after removal, soak

Liters

31363942465156 146163172181192199214 146163172181192199214

Adjustment of Above Table for Other Conditions

- 4.7 kg+ 8.9 kg+ or – 3 %00

Effect on Values in Table V
Net Water Content per cu.m.
specimens in water
- Cure samples 4 to 7 days at the project

16.5 ( 2,400 )
site

Specimen at 28 days Mpa (Psi)

Maximum size of Aggregate, mm (in.)(Table V)

150.0 (6)75.0 (3)50.0 (2)37.5 (1 ½)25.0 (1)19.0 (3/4)12.5 (1/2)

Note: Specimens made to determine

Net Water Content

when placed concrete is ready for traffic
should remain in them molds for 44 – 52

Kgs.
hours. Then stored as near as possible to

20.7 (3,000 )
the installation they represent and cured

Angular Course Aggregate

the same.

GENERAL RULES:

37.7 ( 5,000 )
1. Take samples from at least three parts of
the load.

Sand % of Total Aggregate by

2. Use rigid non-absorptive, water - tight

- 3 + 30+ or ½+ or – 1
Absolute Volume cu.m.
molds at least 6” x 6” in cross section.
3. Oil molds lightly before filling, fill molds in 3

20.7 ( 3,000 )
– inches deep layers and rod each layer
once for each 2 sq.in. of area.
4. Spade all sides with a trowel, strike off top
with a straightedge, and finish with a
wood float.

Percent Sand
5. Cover test beams immediately with a
double layer of wet burlap and let
specimens stand undisturbed for 24 hours
at temperatures between 60 to 80 F.
liters

131148157166178184199 131148157166178184199
Net Water Content per cu.m.
Rounded Course Aggregate

Kg.

decrease in Water – Cement

Each 0.055 increase or

ratio

APPROXIMATE SAND AND WATER

CONTENTS PER CUBIC METER OF
CONCRETE
5
1

Based on mix having a water – cement

ratio of 0.57 by weight of 22.8 kg per bag of
cement ( 22.8 L/bag of cement), 75.0 mm slump
 ( 1” – No. 4 )25 – 4.75( 1” – No. 4)25 – 4.75( ¾” – No. 4)19 – 4.75( 2 ½” – No. 4)63 – 4.75( 2” – No. 4 )50 – 4.75

0.53 ( 4 – 8 )100 – 200( 4 ) max.100 max.( 2 – 4 )50 – 100( 2 – 4 )50 – 100( 2 – 4 )50 – 100

A (9.5)f380(11.0)440(9.5)380(8.0)320(9.0)360
(bag #)Cement Content per cu.m.
Designated Size of Coarse Aggregate Square Opening, Std,, mm (Alternate)

( inch ) Range in Slump

Consistency
Mm

Minimum
Kg
Class

B
C
P
SEAL
Uses of Each Class of Concrete
SAMPLNG REQUIREMENTS FOR TESTING
Class A: All superstructures and heavily reinforced Of Common Construction Materials
substructures. For slabs, beams, girders,
columns, arch ribs, box culverts, reinforced
abutments, retaining walls and reinforced SAMPLING REQUIREMENTS FOR
footings. TESTING
of Common
Maximum Water – Cement

Class B: Footings, pedestals, massive pier shafts, pipe Construction

bedding, and gravity walls, unreinforced or Materials
with only a small amount of reinforcement.

0.58
Ratio kg/kg

MATERIALS MINIMUM TESTING MINIMUM QUANTITY

Class C: Thin reinforced section, railings for filler in REQUIREMENTS OF SAMPLE TO BE
steel grid floors precast piles and cribbing. SUBMITTED FOR
0.55

TESTING
Class P: Prestressed concrete structures and
0.49

members.
1 Cement 1 - sample per 2,000 10 kgs
Seal : Concrete deposited in water.
0.58

bags
2 Asphaltic 1 (S) per 40 tonnes 5 liters
Materials or 200 drums
3 Asphalti Mix 1-(S) per 130 tonnes 20 kgs (Complete)
4 Aggregates
a.)Coarse 70 kgs
Aggregates
b.) Fine 50 kgs
Aggregates
5 Soil 1-(S) per 1,500
Aggregates cu.m.
a.) 20 kgs
Classification
b.) Routinary 50 kgs
Test
c.) Moisture
Density
Relation & 50 kgs
CBR
6 Non - 2 pipes Min./0.5 % 2 pipes
Reinforced of No. of Pipes
Concrete
Pipe
7 Reinforced 1 (S) per 50 pipes or 1 pipe (1m length)
Concrete 2% No. of pipes
Pipe
8 Steel Pipe 1 (S) per 600 length 2 pcs of 100 mm long
(Galvanized ) taken from both ends
w/o thread
9 Concrete
Hollow
Blocks
(Complete)
a. Strength 3 units
b. Moisture 3 units
Content
10 Steel Bar 1 (S) per 10,000 kgs 1 meter
or 10 tonnes
11 Steel Sheet 1 (S) per 1,000 1 sheet
(Galvanized) sheet
12 Wire:
(Strand)
Wire 2 meters
(Strap)
13 Gabion 1m x 2m
14 Paints 2 (S) per 100 cans 1- 4 liter can
1 - 20 liter can
15 Joint Filler 1 - 400mm x 400mm
(Pre-molded) sample
16 Curing 1 - liter
Compound
17 Concrete 1-set of 3 cylinder 1-set of 3 cylinder (6" x
Cylinder for 75 cu.m. 12")
18 Concrete 1 set of 3 beams for 1 set of 3 beams (6" x
Beam 75 cu.m. or 1-day 6" x 21")
pouring
19 Concrete 5 holes / km. / lane
Core
5 holes / 500 mtrs
when 2-lanes
poured
20 Asphalt Core
a.) Density 1 core for every 100m or at least one for each
and full day's operation
Thickness
Test
21 Water
Analysis
a.) Chemical 500 Ml
Analysis
b.) Sediment 500 Ml
load Analysis
22 Structural 1 (S) per 50 Reduced Section (as
Steel/Sheet tonnes/50,000 kgs prescribed)