Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
By Dean B. Cueno
Ethics: the science of the morality of man; study of human motivation and ultimately of human rational
behavior. It comes from the Latin word “ethos” which means customary, behavior or moral. Ethics is a branch
of philosophy which studies the principles of right or wrong in human conduct. Right or wrong are qualities
assigned to actions, conduct and behavior.
Indispensable knowledge. Moral integrity is the only true measure of what man ought to be. The most
successful professional, is nothing unless he/she is morally upright. Without morality, man as rational being is
a failure.
Acts of Man - Actions which happen in man. Deliberate or intentional actions, or voluntarily. Instinctive and
are not within the control of will.
1. Elicited Act – it is performed by the will and are not bodily externalized. It includes:
a. Wish – is the tendency of the will toward something whether this will be realizable or not.
b. Intention – is the tendency of the will towards something attainable but without necessarily committing
oneself to attain it.
c. Consent – is the acceptance of the will of those effective to carry out the intention.
d. Election – is the selection of the will of those effective enough to carry out the intention.
e. Use – is the command of the will to make use of those means elected to carry out the intention.
f. Fruition – is the enjoyment of the will derived from the attainment of the thing he had desired earlier.
2. Commanded Acts – are those done either by man’s mental of bodily powers under the command of the will.
These acts are:
a. Internal actions (e.g. conscious reasoning etc.)
b. External actions (e.g. walking etc.)
c. Combinations of internal and external actions (e.g. driving etc.)
Dictates of Reason – stands for the norm of morality which is the standard by which actions are judged as to
their merits or demerits.
Voluntariness – it refers to the will. It comes from the Latin word “voluntas” which means will. It is the
essential elements of human acts.
Classification of Voluntariness
1. Perfect – present in a person who fully knows and fully intends an act.
2. Imperfect – present in a person who act without fully realizing what he means to do, or without fully
intending the act.
3. Conditional – present in a person who is force by circumstances beyond his control to perform an act which
he would not do under normal conditions.
4. Simple – present in a person doing an act willfully, regardless of whether he likes to do it or not.
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2. The Power. The uniformed police officer, with the sidearm, baton, citation book, and other trappings of
office, is a walking symbol of government power.
3. The Working Hours. Police officers work daily and “off duty” is not a right but a privileges only, they also
work weekends, holidays, and frequently must put in overtime in emergency situations, and for court
appearances.
4. The Danger. They deal with several issues, situations, and problems.
5. The Dirty Works. The police deal with dead bodies, crimes, crime victims, criminals, automobile accidents
and other aspects of society that most of us would rather not think about.
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or her discretion and authority. On the reverse side, a police officer who arrests a person simply because the
latter “annoys” him is likewise guilty of selective enforcement.
7. Internal Pay-offs – sale of work assignments, day-offs, holidays, vacation periods, and even promotions.
8. Corruption of Authority – this type of corruption is tolerable, but because policeman must act beyond
reproach and with impartiality, it is expected that policeman must be free from possible from temptation to
evil and this includes receiving free meals, services, discounts, gratuities and the like.
9. Kickbacks – this type of police corruption occurs when the police officer receives any consideration such as
money and other valuable materials in return to a police services which a police officer should be performed.
10. Opportunistic Theft – it is the taking advantage of the situation in the conduct of police operations by
profiting or taking properties with intent to gain and not reporting to authorities.
11. Fixes – it involves an activity in which a police officer acts as a mediator in a certain case and offer to the
other party to settle the case for a particular amount and the police officer receives a certain amount of the
payment made by the other party.
12. Direct Criminal Activity – this is the worst behavior of a police by involvement of police officer in a
criminal activity and profiting on it.
Police Misconduct
1. Malfeasance or Misconduct – is any wrongful, improper or unlawful conduct motivated by premeditated,
obstinate or intentional purpose. It usually refers to transgression of some established and definite rule of
action, where no discretion is left except where necessity may demand; it does not necessarily imply
corruption or criminal intention.
2. Misfeasance or Irregularities in the Performance of Duty – is the improper performance of some act
which might lawfully be done.
3. Nonfeasance or Neglect of Duty – is the omission or refusal, without sufficient excuse, to perform an act or
duty, which it was the peace officer’s legal obligation to perform; implies a duty as well as its breach and the
fact can never be found in the absence of duty.
Police Brutality – it refers to unnecessary and unreasonable use of force in effecting arrest or abuse in the
manner of conducting search and seizure, and other police operations.
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5. Cooperation with Public Officials - The policeman shall cooperate fully with other public officials in
the performance or authorized duties, regardless of party affiliation or personal prejudices.
6. Proper Conduct and Behavior - The policeman shall be mindful of his special identification by the
public as an upholder of law. Police laxity of conduct or manner in private life, expressing either
disrespect for the law or seeking to gain special prevail, cannot but reflect upon in the policeman and
the police service.
7. Conduct towards the Community - The policeman shall be mindful of his responsibility to the
community. He shall deal with individuals of the community in the manner calculated to instill
respect for its law.
8. Conduct in Arresting Law Violator - Policeman shall use his powers of arrest in accordance with
the law and with due regard to the rights of the citizen concerned.
9. Firmness in Refusing Gifts or Favors - Policeman representing the government bears heavy
responsibility of maintaining, in his conduct, the honor and integrity of all government institution.
10. Attitude towards Police Profession - Policeman shall regard the best possible of his duties as a
public trust and recognize his responsibilities as a public servant.
11. Impartial Presentation of Evidence - Policeman shall be concerned equally in the prosecution of
the accused or for the defense of the innocent.
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employed and used effectively, honestly and efficiency, particularly to avoid wastage of public fund and
revenues.
4. Non-Partisanship: PNP members shall provide service to everyone without discrimination regardless of
Party affiliation in accordance with existing laws and regulations.
5. PNP Conduct during Labor Dispute: The involvement of PNP during strike, lockout, and labor dispute in
general shall limited to the maintenance of peace and order, enforcement of laws and legal
Orders of duly contributed authorities.
6. Physical Fitness and Health: All PNP members shall strive to be physically fit and in good health at all
times.
7.Secrecy Discipline: All PNP Members shall guard the confidentiality of classified information against
unauthorized disclosure. This includes confidential aspect of official business special orders, communication
and other documents, roster or any portion thereof of the PNP, contents of criminal records, identities of
person who may have given information, etc.
8. Social Awareness: All PNP members shall be actively involved in civic, religious, and other social activities
with the end purpose of increasing social awareness.
9. Proper Care and Use of Public Property: All PNP members shall be responsible for the security, proper
care and use of Public property issued to them and/or deposit under their care and custody, unauthorized
used of Public property for personal convenience of gain and that of their family, friends, relatives is strictly
prohibited.
10. Non-Solicitation of Patronage: All PNP members seeking self-improvement through career development
and shall not directly or indirectly solicit influence or recommendation from politician, high ranking
government officials, prominent citizens, persons affiliated with civic or religious organization with regard to
their assignment, promotion, transfer or related advantage.
11. Respect for Human Rights: In the performance of duty, PNP members shall respect human dignity and
uphold human rights of all persons.
12. Devotion to Duty: All PNP members shall perform their duties with dedication, efficiency enthusiasm,
determination and manifest concerned for public welfare.
13. Conservation of Natural Resources: All members of the PNP shall help in the development and
conservation of our natural resources for ecological balance and posterity. The natural resources are
considered inalienable heritage of our people.
14. Discipline: PNP policemen shall conduct themselves at all times in keeping with the rules and regulation
of the organization. All policemen at all levels shall adhere to the eight tenets of discipline, which include the
following:
Loyalty: PNP members must be loyal to the constitution and the police service as manifested by their loyalty
to the superior, peers and subordinates as well.
Obedience to Superior: PNP members shall obey lawful orders and to be courteous to superior officers and
other appropriate authorities within the chain of command. No members shall use abusive, insulting or
indecent language to another member.
Judicious use of Authority: All PNP members shall be permitted to apply for search warrant for any evidence
of assault against himself without reporting the case in writing to his superior officer and Obtaining from his
permission to apply for such warrant.
Justice: PNP members shall strive constantly to respect the rights of other so that they can fulfill their duties
and exercise their rights as human beings, parents, children, citizens workers, leaders, of in other capacities
and to see to ensure that others do likewise.
Humility: All PNP members shall recognize the fact that they are public servants and not the master of the
people and toward this end, they should perform their duties without arrogance.
Orderliness: All PNP shall follow logical procedure in accomplishing task assigned to them to minimize waste
in the use of time, money and efforts.
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Perseverance: Once a decision is made all PNP members shall take legitimate means to achieve the goal even
in the face of internal or external difficulties, and despite of anything which might weaken their resolve
in the course of time.
Integrity: PNP members shall not allow themselves to be victims of corruption and dishonest practices in
accordance with the provision of existing laws on corrupt practices.
Police Lifestyle
The PNP shall endeavor to promote lifestyle for every member of the organization that is acceptable and
respectable in the eyes of the public. Further, its members should set example to the subordinate and follow
good example from the superiors.
Delicadeza
In consonance with the requirements o honor and integrity in the PNP, all members must have the moral
courage to sacrifice self-interest in keeping with the time-honored principles of delicadeza. All members shall
promptly discharge all debts and legal liabilities incurred by them.
Political Patronage
All PNP members must inhibit themselves from soliciting political patronage in matters pertaining to
assignment, awards, training and promotion.
Human Rights
All PNP members must respect and protect human dignity and men’s inalienable rights to life, liberty and
prosperity.
A. Custom on Courtesy
Courtesy is a manifestation or expression of consideration and respect on others.
Courtesy call of newly assigned/ appointed members -PNP members who are newly
appointed or assigned in a unit or command, call on the Chief of the Unit or command and to
other key personnel for accounting, orientation and other purposes.
New year’s call - PNP members pay a new year’s call on their commanders and /or key
official in their respective areas of responsibility.
Promotion Call – Newly promoted PNP members call on their unit head. On this occasion,
they are usually given during recognition and congratulations by their peers for such
deserved accomplished
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Exit Call - PNP members pays an exit call on their superiors in the unit or command when
relieve or reassigned out of the said unit or command.
4. Courtesy of the Post - The host unit extend hospitality to visiting personnel
who pay respect to the command or unit.
5. Rank has – its – own Privilege - PNP members recognize the practice that
different rank carry with them corresponding privilege.
B. Custom on Ceremonies
Ceremony is a formal act or set of formal acts established by custom or authority as proper to special
occasion.
1. Flag Raising Ceremony - PNP members honor the flag by raising it and singing the National Anthem
before the start of the official day’s work for the week.
2. Flag Retreat Ceremony - At the end of the Official day’s work to PNP members pause for a moment
to salute the lowering of the flag.
3. Half–Mast - The flag is raised at half – mast in difference to deceased uniform / civilian member of
the command.
4. Funeral Service and Honor - Departed uniformed members, retires, war veterans are given vigil,
necrological services and graveside honor as a gesture of farewell.
5. Ceremony rendered to Retirees - In recognition of their long, faithful and honorable service to the
PNP, a testimonial activity is tendered in their honor.
6. Honor Ceremony - Arrival and departure honor ceremonies are tendered to visiting dignitaries, VIPs
PNP officers of equivalent grade.
7. Turn – Over Ceremony - The relinquishment and assumption of command key position is publicly
announced in a Turn – Over Ceremony by the incoming – outgoing officers in the presence of the
immediate superior or his representative and key officials.
8. Wedding Ceremony - During marriage of PNP members, a ceremony is conducted with participants
in uniform and sworn drawn.
9. Anniversary - The birth or institutional establishment of a command or unit is commemorated in a
Anniversary Ceremony
Customs on Social Decorum are set of norms and standards practiced by members during social and
other functions. The following are police customs and social decorum.
1. Proper Attire - PNP members always wear appropriate and proper attire in conformity with the
occasion.
2. Table Manner - PNP members observe table etiquette at all times.
3. Social Graces - PNP members conduct themselves properly in dealing with the people during
social functions.
4. Uniform/ Appearance - The public looks upon PNP members as distinctively decent when PNP
members wear their uniforms properly wherever they may be. Since disciplined PNP members are
best exemplified by those whose are neat in appearance and wearing the prescribed uniform, they
must therefore observe the following:
Wearing the prescribed uniform
Wearing as part of the uniform, awards and decorations earned in accordance with the
prescribed rules and regulations
Adherence to haircut prescribed by rules and regulations.
5. Manner of Walking - Every PNP members is expected to walk with pride and dignity.
POLICE TRADITIONS
Tradition is a body of belief, stories, customs and usage’s handed down from generation to generation with
the effect of an unwritten law.
1. Spiritual Beliefs - PNP members are traditionally religious and god loving person. They attend
religious service together with their family.
2. Valor - History attests that Filipino law-enforcers have exemplified the tradition of valor in defending
the country from aggression and oppression. They sacrifice their limbs and lives for their
countrymen they are pledged to serve.
3. Discipline - The discipline of PNP members manifested by instinctive obedience to lawful orders and
through and spontaneous actions within the bounds of ethical and legal norms.
4. Gentleman - PNP members are upright in character, polite in manners, dignified in appearance, and
sincere in their concern or their fellowmen.
5. Word of Honor - PNP members’ word is their hand; they stand by and commit to uphold it. PNP
members have historically exemplified themselves as dedicated public servants who perform their
duty with deep sense of responsibility and self – sacrifice.
6. Loyalty - Police are traditionally loyal to the organization country people as borne out by history and
practice.
7. Camaraderie – The binding spirit that enhance teamwork and cooperation in the police
organization, extending to the people they serve, is manifested by the PNP members’ deep
commitment and concern for one another.
POLICE RELATIONS
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Types of Police Community Relations
The basic ingredients in the effective observance of police community relation include the following
A. Public Information Program
It is designed to bridge any communication gap between the police and public.
B. Public Relation Program
It is designed to maintain harmony and mutual support between the police and the community.
C. Civic Action Program
It is designed to maintain and encourage community development
D. Psychological Program
It is designed to condition both friendly and hostile public thereby insuring facilitating the attainment of
police objectives.
1. Community Information - activities utilizing the various forms of media directed towards the public
at large designed to increase their consciousness and Knowledge of facts and issues for purpose of
enhancing law enforcement, counter insurgency and crime prevention efforts, increasing crime
solution efficiency to include weakening of the will of the Criminal elements and insurgents and
enlightening other groups of individual Critical to the government in general and the police
organization in particular.
2. Institutional Information - are activities utilizing the various forms of Media directed towards the
public at large designed to generate trust, confidence and popular support for the PNP or simply
enhancing public perception and knowledge about the PNP as an institution of the government.
II. Police Community Affairs - Are activities outside law enforcement but which necessitates PNP
support and or participation, the end result of which ultimately contribute to better appreciation
and an enhanced support to the PNP in whole in part by the populace.
1. Community Assistance and Development - are activities outside the field of the law enforcement under
taken upon the initiative of PNP unit of personnel for the purpose of enhancing life as a means of
drawing the support, appreciation and support of the public to wards the PNP.
Skills, Livelihood, Coop. Development.
Sports, socio cultural development.
Medical, Dental Outreach Services.
Tree Planting.
2. Community Inter-Relations- are activities outside the filed of Law enforcement under taken upon the
initiative of other government agencies, non – governmental organization, and or individual citizens
whereby a PNP unit or personnel actively contributes time, money and or service as a means of
drawing the support, appreciation, and cooperation of the public towards the PNP in whole in or part.
3. Community Organization and Mobilization - are activities revolving around the accreditation of
existing groups or creation of new ones with the end in view of having allies within various sectors in
the community who could be tapped to assist in the conduct of law services, community works and
the like.
Comprehensive PCR Plans- The two major components of the plan are INTERNAL REFORM and GAINING OF
INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT. Both aims to improve the image of the PNP and re-assure the general public that
they can depend on the PNP to be their protector and guardian in order to hasten and facilitate community
mobilization for Anti-crime efforts.
Congress
Congress being the law making body is one of the vital governmental institutions that can support the PNP.
Liaison Office
Organization Level Liaison: The Directorate for PCR. Shall maintain a liaison office with Congress whose
main task is monitor, get the pulse, actively interact and possibly influence lawmakers on matters affecting the
PNP.
Top Hierarchy Level Liaison: Top leadership of the command shall conduct regular FACE to FACE dialogues
with key members of the Congress as well as different Congressional Committees handling PNP affairs in
order to present for their appreciation and support on matters affecting the PNP.
Special Individual Liaison: Monitoring and Assessment activities and Special Activities of general liaison.
On Internal Security
There shall be intensified information on evils of the ideology and actual terrorist operations through regular
issuance of Press releases. The editors of columnist and enhanced utilization of the tri-media to write, print,
and broadcast.
2. Unrelenting clean up of the organization of misfits, criminal elements, and leaders with low potential.
Entails the continuous investigation, suspension or dismissed of misguided and erring police level at
all level. More on OPLAN PAGBABAGO.
3. Unrelenting effort to brighten up the physical appearance of the PNP facilities and vehicle.
PUBLIC RELATION
It is a program designed to make the public aware of what the agency is doing, why is it doing, and how it
contributes to the welfare of the community.
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