Assessing the impact of change and change management

in achieving corporate goals and objectives.

Methodology
Introduction

This section depicts the industrial systems utilized to answer the research questions. A
method of reasoning is offered for the chosen research theory, approach, procedure, reason,
and time-line. Rejected techniques are additionally talked about. Chosen data collection and
sampling methods are depicted and issues like data validity, unwavering quality and
triangulation are also considered. Moreover, consideration of moral issues and impediments
of the research methodology are also given importance. Overall this section encourages
replication of the research methodology, supporting the study's unwavering quality (Fink,
2003).
The research for this study was conducted at Atlantic Data Bureau Services in August 2019.
The study was completely permitted by both Atlantic Data Bureau Services’ Director and the
Human Resource Manager before any data was collected from within the company.

Methodological Consideration

To address all research question, a clear and most relevant research approach was looked for.
By comparing my research with each layer of Saunders et al's. (2007) research 'onion' model,
a clear framework for the most appropriate research technique and procedures, required to
address the research question, were found to be suitable.
Saunders et al's. (2007) research 'onion' model at first encourages the specialist/researcher to
decide an appropriate research reasoning. The research reasoning helps one understand on
how learning has to be created so as to answer the research question. Having settled on a
reasonable research theory, other methodological components were therefore considered.
Each layer of Saunders et al's. (2007) research 'onion' are examined so as to clarify why every
component was chosen, and how this aided responding to the research question.
Research Philosophy

The external layer of Saunders et al's. (2007) research 'onion' alludes to the research
philosophy. An interpretive approach was chosen which highlights the need for the researcher
to acknowledge varieties among people and the clarification of their social role (Saunders et
al., 2007). The assumptions created by a research philosophy would be used to decide how
the research will be undertaken. Parts of positivist way of thinking were additionally
consolidated in the current research theory, including quantitative strategies and measurable
examination, to improve the generalizability of the findings.

Research Approach

The second layer of Saunders et al's. (2007) research 'onion' alludes to the research approach.
A consolidated methodology, utilizing both inductive and deductive components, was utilized
for this investigation. In general, the inductive methodology was used to inspect subjects and
look for patterns out of the data collected. The new subjects took into account the
improvement of appropriate research theories and recommendations. Components of a
deductive methodology were additionally incorporated into the research, with the existing
hypothesis being utilized to define the applied model. Employing the deductive methodology,
improves the generalizability of the research (Saunders et al., 2007). The utilization of
organized questions and quantitative information improved the unwavering validity and
legitimacy of the findings. This consolidated methodology was used since the researchers
were keen on understanding why between-group differences happened, just as distinguishing
what differences were happening between-gatherings.

Research Strategy

The third layer of Saunders et al's. (2007) research 'onion' alludes to the research strategy. A
case study strategy and survey methods were used to explore the research question and aims.
Studies permit gathering a lot of information from a large population and economically to
find a conclusion. This system takes into account the accumulation and examination of
quantitative information utilizing spellbinding and inferential statistics. Sampling techniques
can create findings that are illustrative of the entire population (Saunders et al., 2007).

Research Choice

The fourth layer of Saunders et al's. (2007) research 'onion' model alludes to Research
Choice. 'Mixed-method' research was picked for this study as it joined the utilization of both
quantitative and qualitative data accumulation procedures. As proposed by Saunders et al.
(2007), the advantage of utilizing mixed-method over mono-method is that triangulation can
happen.

Research Time-Horizon

The fifth layer of Saunders et al's. (2007) research 'onion' alludes to the research time-
horizon. Since it is getting late imperatives for this investigation, a cross-sectional research
configuration was picked to give a 'depiction' of the current level of accepting change within
the organization by employees.
Research Purpose

The reason for the research was to explore what components impact the corporate goals
during change management. Hence, to address the research question, an applied model was
figured from existing literature on change and resistance of change. An explanatory
methodology was additionally embraced, which included correlational investigations, to
clarify the connection between variables.

Rejected Methods

When deciding the most relevant research approach to use for this study, a few research
structures were at first considered, and then dismissed. The rejected research methods and the
method of reasoning for their elimination are discussed in this section.

Components of a positivist way of thinking were incorporated into the research to upgrade
the generalizability of the findings. In this case, a dominating positivist way of thinking was
rejected, as developing law-like speculations would excessively simplify the complexities of
organization culture.

A deductive methodology requires the development of an underlying hypothesis and theories

which are exposed to thorough testing (Saunders et al., 2007). The researcher believed that
the current research did not need an existing theory to answer the research question. Thus, a
combined methodology was chosen, as it gave both inductive and deductive components.

A mono-method methodology was considered for the examination, which would utilize a
single data accumulation procedure and corresponding analysis. This method was dismissed
anyway in support of mixed-method research which uses both quantitative and qualitative
data collection techniques. As recently expressed, the upside of utilizing multi-method over
mono-method is that triangulation of various information accumulations systems can happen.

Research Procedure

Data Collection Methods and Triangulation

Triangulation was exhibited using various data accumulation procedures, which upgraded the
legitimacy of the data assembled. Triangulation is portrayed as a blend of at least two
strategies for data accumulation when considering a similar philosophy. The benefit of
triangulation, as portrayed by Jack and Raturi (2006), is that corresponding strategies will
balance the characteristic shortcomings of one methodology with the qualities of another.
Inside this study, semi-structured interviews were first done to distinguish Atlantic Data
Bureau’s way to deal with change management and its impact on corporate goals. Saunders et
al. (2007) noted that qualitative research information from semi-structured interviews can
confine the generalizability of the findings. To beat this, the semi-structured interviews were
conducted by a survey. The research survey was distributed to the appropriate gatherings for
completion.

Semi-Structured Interview
In order to understand what change model will be suitable for Atlantic Data Bureau Services,
it becomes reasonable to conducted semi-structured based interviews. Semi-based interviews
were seen as the ideal preliminary technique of data series, supplying an opportunity to probe
and explore interviewees’ ideas and perceptions on what are they expecting from change
procedure (Saunders et al., 2007). To counteract potential resources of bias and to enhance
the reliability of the qualitative information gathered, a project information sheet was given to
read, 24 hours earlier than the interview. In addition, contributors have been also asked to
sign a consent form in line with the moral considerations. Overall, five interviews were taken
on 15th august 2019.

When leading the semi-structured interviews, an active follow-up technique' was utilized.
This technique included asking members initial open questions dependent on the key
subjects, trailed by provoking inquiries to give further investigation and focal point of a
region of noteworthiness (Saunders et al., 2007). Kvale's Process Typology, as referred to in
Wengraf (2001), was chosen when structuring the follow up questions. This included
determining questions to source exact portrayals or encounters, and interpretive inquiries to
explain the questioner's comprehension of the interviewees' reactions.

The interview information was broken down utilizing King's (2004) template analysis
approach, as referred to by Cassell and Symon (2004). Template analysis was chosen as a
proper strategy since its adaptability consolidated both the deductive methodology with
information categorization done in advance, in view of the theoretical model. At first, the
main classes and sub classifications depended on the conceptual model. As the interview
information gathering advanced, further classifications developed which were embedded into
the various levelled structure. Logical linkages between various classes were watched and
deciphered.

Questions on Change

Question 1 was designed to understand what kind of change ideas were initiated in Atlantic
Data Bureau Services.

Question 2 and 3 was created to understand the process of how change was initiated and
implemented. This question also briefs on whether the change was planned or emergent.

Question 4 and 5 were designed to understand who the different people were involved in
implementing this change.

Questions on Resistance to Change

Question 6 was created to understand how the change is accepted in organization. Whether it
has a positive or negative impact.

Question 7 gives an idea on how a participant thinks resistance to change clears before the
change is initiated.

Question 8 helps the interviewer to understand if the management in Atlantic data thinks
resistance to change is positive or negative.
Question 9 and 10 gives the interviewer an idea on how resistance to change is managed and
during which stage the employees get involved in change initiation.

Questions on Communication

Question 11 is designed to give the interviewer an idea on how the communication flow is in
the organization. Whether it is top-down or bottom-up.

Question 12 and 13 is created to understand if management takes feedback from employees

before change is implemented and also to understand what the effective mode of
communication in organization is.

Questions on Conflict Management

Question 14 and 15 is designed to understand how conflicts are handled in the team caused
due to change management.

Questions on Organization Culture

Question 16 and 17 is created to understand what organization culture in Atlantic Data

Bureau Services is and does this culture effect the change initiation in the organization.

Questions on Leadership

Question 18 and 19 helps the interviewer understand how leadership plays an important role
in managing change and how good managers can handle resistance to change happening
within the organization.

Question on Impact of Change

Question 20 and 21 are designed to understand if employees’ objectives directly impact

company objectives

Question 22 is created to help the interviewer understand how performance of the team is
affected due to change initiation in the organization.

Question 23 is designed to understand if Atlantic Data Bureau Services follow any change
methodology.

Survey Questionnaire

To accumulate the required information on change management, a survey questionnaire was

created. The design of the overview survey was supported by the literature review from the
semi-structured interview reactions. A review poll was held suitable for this examination as it
would permit the information to be gathered in a fast and productive way. The utilization of
overview polls as proposed by Saunders et al. (2007), permits the examination of quantitative
data utilizing descriptive and inferential statistics. The information got can likewise be
utilized to recommend potential connections between factors.
Closed questions were chosen for the overview survey. The upside of utilizing closed
questions is that reactions would be progressively dependable and loan themselves all the
more promptly to measurable examination. Open questions were not chosen for the overview
as they can demonstrate to be extremely hard to look at and translate (Fink 2003). As
proposed by Dillman (2000), three kinds of information variable exist when gathering data
through polls. These include opinion, behavior and attribute data. The planned overview
address contained a wide range of data variable, in spite of the fact that opinion data was the
predominant variable. Utilizing Saunders et al's. (2007) poll 'agendas', the wording and
request of inquiries in the overview were altered to line up with the suggestions. Additionally,
with the poll being comprehended by the respondents, Foddy's (1994) 'developing inquiries'
procedure, as referred to by Saunders et al. (2007), was intently pursued to guarantee the
legitimacy and unwavering quality of the inquiries inside the study survey. To counteract
potential resources of bias and to enhance the reliability of the quantitative information
gathered, a project description was given to the sample group in order to understand why this
questionnaire is important. In addition, contributors have been also asked to sign a consent
form in line with the moral considerations of. In total, 50 survey questionnaires were
completed between the 15th August 2019 to 16th August 2019.

The following section explains why the survey question was posed

Questions on Change Management

Question 1, 2 and 6 were designed to understand how often change is initiated, who initiates
the change and how do employees feel about change implementation in the organisation.

Question 3 and 4 are created to understand how do employees accept the change.

Question 5 helps the interviewer understand if employee thinks they have any control over
change implementation and also their involvement.

Questions on Communication

Question 7 and 11 gives a brief idea on how change procedures are communicated and what
is an employee’s opinion on communication flow in the organisation.

Question 8 and 9 were designed to understand if management takes feedback from employees
and make them part of the change procedure.

Question 10 was created to recognize when were the employees involved in the change
procedure.

Questions on the Impact of Change

Question 12 and 13 were designed to verify if employees’ job objectives were affected due to
change procedure and also to understand change procedure impact on the daily task.

Questions on Conflict Management

Question 14, 15 and 16 were created to understand if the change procedure creates conflict in
team, if yes how is it handled and resolved.

Question 17 and 19 were designed to understand if employees trust their mangers and what is
their relationship with them.

Question 18 and 20 helps interviewer understand if employees were well-versed on change

impact and how the change has to be achieved before implementation.

Question 21 and 22 gives a brief idea if the employees were trained on change procedure
before implementation and also if they were held responsible if there is any issue in the
change implementation.

Pilot of Questionnaire

According to Saunders et al. (2007), the survey questionnaire has to be piloted. The reason
for guiding the survey is to watch that respondents don't encounter issues in understanding or
finishing the poll. An assessment of the gathered pilot information additionally gave an
evaluation of the surveys' legitimacy and the plausible dependability of the information
gathered (Saunders et al., 2007).

Questionnaire was piloted on 15th August 2019, as suggested to Fink’s (2003b), a minimum
of 5 people was asked to finish the pilot questionnaire. When respondents had finished the
pilot poll, they were then requested for their criticism. For instance, respondents were
solicited to assess the lucidity from the poll's directions, the significance of explicit inquiries
and the general format of the survey. According to Bell (2005), respondents’ feelings on
significant subject exclusions and time span taken to finish the poll were likewise looked for.

The input got from respondents during the pilot questionnaire of the poll furnished the analyst
with a chance to make enhancements to the survey, in availability for the primary information
accumulation stage. A few upgrades were made, including, rephrasing question 7 to improve
the questions lucidity, replacing the dull hued content concealing with lighter hues to improve
the coherence of guidelines and to improve in general design.

Ethical Consideration

The ethical implication which could unfavourably influence members and the organisation,
were deliberately viewed when planning the research structure and system. The research
philosophy was in this way adjusted in accordance with appropriate ethical standards. The
suitable move was made concerning educated assent, the privilege of respondents to pull
back, the insurance of secrecy, professional specialist issues, the potential trouble of members
and the individual security of the analyst.

Prior to participants participation to research, informed consent was obtained from each
participant by ensuring that they had access to project information sheet. All the participants
participating in semi structured interviews had to sign a consent form which emphasizes that
they can discontinue with the interview at any point. Participants were also informed to ask
questions anytime throughout the research procedure. Participants were educated that their
feedback would be treated with secrecy. The surveys were anonymous to ensure the identity
of members remain secret and to empower transparent input.
Meetings and surveys can be intrusive and may incite uneasiness and worry in members
(Saunders et al., 2007). A point of contact was in this manner recognized in word related
wellbeing where members, whenever bothered, could be offered information by the specialist
about getting to the suitable assistance.

The individual security of the researcher was additionally considered during the data
gathering stage. The researcher knew not to reveal any personal data, for example, place of
residence or private phone number, to members during the examination. The general hazard
to the analyst's security was considered incredibly low given that all members were
representatives of Atlantic Data Bureau Services and that all polls were led during daylight
hours.

Data Analysis

This research analysed the obtained information, utilizing both enlightening and inferential
measurements. As expressed by Fink (2003c), "statistics is the mathematics of organising and
interpreting numerical information” (p. 25). Descriptive statistics, for example, data ranges
and means, gave straightforward outlines of the prompt information while inferential insights,
for example, correlation analysis, were utilized to create ends that reach out past the quick
information.

The raw information, at first gathered from the study and institutionalized surveys, was
moved and recorded on to an Excel spreadsheet. The information accumulated was examined
utilizing fitting measurable examination instruments inside Excel's information investigation
'Toolpak'. Exceed expectations' Toolpak was picked over other PC based factual investigation
programs, for example, SPSS, SAS or Stata, as it was regularly utilized by the researcher and
was esteemed ground-breaking enough to embrace the required examination. Disadvantages
of the Excel programming are, the absence of relapse diagnostics and various levelled relapse
highlights were considered, yet esteemed non-basic for this examination.

When choosing the most significant statistical analysis devices to use inside the investigation,
the researcher at first decided if the information given by each question was evident, ordinal
or numerical. Following this, dependent and independent factors were then recognized. As
supported by Fink (2003c), the decision of strategy for breaking down overview information
is reliant on the kind of information accessible and the quantity of dependent and autonomous
factors included.

Chapter Summary

This section has depicted the methodological systems that were utilized to address the
research question. Clear justification has been offered clarifying the explanations behind
choosing the research philosophy, approach, strategy, reason and time-horizon for the task.
What's more, rejected strategies were likewise considered and clarified. Information
accumulation strategies and triangulation were talked about and significant issues identifying
with the research’s dependability and legitimacy were considered. A reasonable method of
reasoning was then indicated for each chosen question in both the semi-structured interview
and the survey.
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