INSTITUTE OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

LIAQUAT UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES JAMSHORO, SINDH.

Subject: Circuit Analysis Batch: 2018 Year: 2nd, Term: 3rd

Lab Handout-02
Name: _________________________________________ Roll No: ________________________

Date: _________________ Signature of Tutor: __________________ Grade: __________________

OBJECTIVES: Upon the completion of this practical, student will able to understand
relationship between current, voltage, resistance, and power in SERIES circuits. The experiment
consists of three parts.
1. Voltage Measurements
2. Current Measurements

EQUIPMENT:
1. Test Console NIDA MODEL 130-E TRAINER

2. PC Card # PC130-6A

3. Digital Multi-Meter

INTRODUCTION TO SERIES CIRCUIT:

A series circuit is one that has more than one resistor, but only one path through which the
electricity (electrons) flows. From one end of the cell (battery), the electrons move along one
path with NO branches, through the resistors, to the other end of the cell. All the components in a
series circuit are connected end-to-end.
“END to END connection of components is known as series circuit.”

KEY POINT FOR SERIES CIRCUIT:

1. The same current flows through each part of a series circuit.
2. The total resistance of a series circuit is equal to the sum of individual resistances.
 INSTITUTE OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
LIAQUAT UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES JAMSHORO, SINDH.
3. Voltage applied to a series circuit is equal to the sum of the individual voltage
drops.

4. The voltage drop across a resistor in a series circuit is directly proportional to the size of
the resistor.
5. If the circuit is broken at any point, no current will flow.

PREPARATION

Check to see that the Nida model 130E test console is plugged in and that power is available at your
workbench.

Pick up experiment card PC130-64, entitled series circuit and taken a good look at it. Note that card
contain three series circuit, labeled A, B, and C. Take special notice of the following features of the
circuits:

Each circuit contains three resistors. Here are four questions about the resistor for you to answer. Circle
the correct answer for question a, b and c. write your answer in the blank for question d.

a. What type of resistor are they? carbon wire wound metal film

b. What wattage are these resistor? 1/4W 1/2W 1W 2W

c. What tolerance are these resistor? 1% 2% 5% 10%

d. Read the color codes of resistor R1, R2 R1=_______________________

and R3 in circuit A on PC130-6A.
R2=_______________________
Record the resistor values.
R3=_______________________

1. A terminal or test point (TP) is at each junction point of each resistor. You will connect your
multimeters to these TPs (TP1 through TP13)

2. The circuits contain a total of five switches (numbered S1 through S5), a component you are seeing
for the first time in the experiment. The switches are 2-position slides switches. The position are :

3. IN position--Close the switch by sliding the black slide bat up, away from you.

4. OUT position—Open the switch by sliding the black side bat down, toward you.
 INSTITUTE OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
LIAQUAT UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES JAMSHORO, SINDH.
CAUTION

HANDLE SLIDE SWITCHES VERY CAREFULLY. DO NOT FORCE THE SWITCHES OR

EXERT ANY SIDE PRESSURE ON THEM WHEN YOU OPEN AND CLOSE THEM. THESE
SWITCHES ARE VERY FRAGILE AND REQUIRE ONLY A GENTLE TOUCH TO MAKE
THEM SLIDE.

NOTE

All switches should be closed (in the IN position). In the experiment, you will be instructed to open
the switches as needed to measure current in a circuit or to deactivate a specific circuit.

5- Voltage ET is the test console POSITIVE power supply. Voltage is applied to the circuit on PC130-6A,
through connector O, the positive terminal of the power supply, and A, the negative terminal or common
ground.

6- A jumper wire is mounted in the upper right corner of the card. Turn the card over and look on the
other side. You can see that this wire jumps across a conductor (copper lead), which is why it is called
jumper wire.

Now that you are familiar with PC130-6A, let’s get started with part 1 of the experiment procedures.

PROCEDURES:

PART #1. CURRENT MEASURMENTS

1. Set the test console POSTIVE and NEGATIVE SUPPLY controls to OFF.

2. Place PC130-6A switches S1,S2 and S3 in the IN(closed)position. Place PC130-6A switches S4
and S5 in the out (open) position.

3. Install PC130-6A carefully on the PC1 connectors of the test console.

4. Set your multimeter to measure DC current. Adjust the multimeter range to measure 25 ma
maximum.

5. Place your multimeter across PC130-6A switch S1 by putting the test leads on test points TP3 and
TP4, as shown in figure 9. The multimeter and test console VOLTMETER should read zero.
 INSTITUTE OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
LIAQUAT UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES JAMSHORO, SINDH.
6. Turn the test console power ON by depressing the CONSOLE POWER switch.

7. Rotate the POSITIVE SUPPLY control to 5. The test console VOLTMETER should indicate 5V.

8. Turn the PC1 DC switch to ON. Your multimeter should still zero. Why are you getting no
reading with your multimeter ?

9. TP3 and TP4, and thus your multimeter, are shorted out through switch S1, which is closed( in
the In position). The current follows the path of least resistance through the switch rather than
going through the multimeter.

10. open switch S1 by moving it to the OUT position. The multimeter should now show a reading.
Adjust your multimeter range for the best reading. Record the reading for an applied voltage of
5V in table two (MEASURED CURRENT,TP3 AND TP4).

11. Adjust the POSITIVE SUPPLY control to 12. The test console VOLTMETER should indicate
12V. record the multimeter reading on the correct line of table 2.

12. Repeat step 1-10 for the applied voltage of 15V

13. Turn the PC1 DC POWER switch to OFF.

14. Set PC130-6A switch S1 to the IN position (closed).

TABLE#2. MEASURED AND CALCULATED CURRENT IN PC130-6A

CALCULATED
MEASURED CURRENT BETWEEN TERMINALS
CURRENT FOR
ET
TP3 AND TP4 TP5 AND TP6 TP7 AND TP1 RT

5V

12V

15V

PART# 2. VOLTAGE MEASUREMENTS

 INSTITUTE OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
LIAQUAT UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES JAMSHORO, SINDH.
In part 2 of this experiment, you will measure the current in all three circuits on Experiment card
PC 130-6A. Once you know the current value, you will measure the voltage drops across all 9 resistors.

If you are continuing with Part 2 of this experiment immediately after Completing Part 1, skip Steps 2-1
and 2-2. Begin your Part 2 Procedure with Step 2-3.

1. Set the test console POSITIVE and NEGATIVE SUPPLY controls of OFF.

2. Install PC130-6A carefully on the PC1 connectors of the test console.

3. Turn the test console POWER ON by pressing the CONSOLE POWER switch.

4. Determine the values for resistors R4 through R9 on PC130-6A from the color Codes on the
resistors. Record these values below. Also record below the values For resistors R1 through R3,
which you determined in the Preparation section of This experiment.

5. Calculate the total resistance for all three circuits on PC130-6A. Record your Answers in the
blanks below.

RTA =_______________ RTB =_______________ RTC =_____________

6. Calculate the total current for all three circuits on PC130-6A for an applied voltage Of 12 V.
Write your answer in the blacks below.

IA =_______________ IB =_______________ IC =_____________

7. Rotate the test console POSTIVE SUPPLY control to 12. The test console VOLTMETER should
read 12 V.

8. Make sure your multimeter is set to measure DC current.

9. Place your multimeter across switch S3 by putting the test leads on test points TP7 and TP1.

10. Close switches S1, S2, and S3 by moving them to the IN position. Open switches S4 and S5 by
moving them to the OUT position.

11. Turn the PC1 DC POWER SWITCH to ON. Your multimeter should read zero
 INSTITUTE OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
LIAQUAT UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES JAMSHORO, SINDH.
12. Open PC130-6A switch S3 by moving it to the OUT position. Read Circuit A Current on
your multimeter

a. Record your reading. IA =_______________

13. Turn the PC1 DC POWER switch to OFF.

14. Move the multimeter red test lead from TP7 to TP10 so that you can measure the Current in
Circuit-B.

15. Apply power to PC130-6A by turning the PC1 DC switch to ON. Read the Circuit B current on
your multimeter.

a. Record your reading. IB =_______________

16. Turn the PC1 DC POWER switch to OFF.

17. Repeat Steps 2-12 Through 2-14, but move your multimeter red test lead from TP10 to TP13.
Read the Circuit C current on your multimeter.

a. Record your reading. IC =_______________

18. Remove the multimeter test leads from PC130.6A

19. Compare your calculated current value in Step2-5 with your measured values in Steps 12, 15,
and. Do they match? Yes _______________ NO____________

20. Close all five PC130-6A switch by setting them to the IN position.

21. Set your multimeter to measure DC volts.

NOTE

SINCE THE POSITIVE POWER SUPPLY IS SET TO 12V, YOU SHOULD NOT EXPECT
TO MEASURE VOLTAGES VOLTAGE THAT ARE GREATER THAN 12 V.
 INSTITUTE OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
LIAQUAT UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES JAMSHORO, SINDH.

22. Apply voltage to PC130-6A by turning the PC1 DC POWER switch ON. Circuits A,B, and C
now all have voltage applied across them because all PC130-6A slide Switches are in the IN
position (close).

23. Place the multimeter positive lead on TP2 and the negative lead on TP1 or common. Before
measuring the voltage drops, measure the total applied voltage to Circuits A, B, and C. Record
your reading in the blank in the first row of Table 3, below.

NOTE

BE SURE YOU WATCH THE POLARITY OF YOUR READINGS. REMEMBER THAT THE
POLARITY OF THE VOLTAGE DROP ACROSS A RESISTOR DEPENDS ON THE DIRECTION
OF CURRENT FLOW THROUGH THE RESISTOR. CURRENT ENTERS AT THE NEGATIVE
POLARITY AND LEAVES AT THE POSITIVE POLARITY, AS SHOWN IN FIGURE 10.

24. Place your multimeter test leads across resistor R1 of Circuit A. Measure the Voltage drop.
Record your reading in Table 3.

25. Repeat Step 2-23 for resistors R2 through R9 in Circuits A, B, and C.

TABLE#3. MEASURED VOLTAGE DROPS IN PC130-6A CIRCUITS A, B, AND C

MEASURED TOTAL APPLIED VOLTAGE ET

CIRCUIT-A CIRCUIT-B CIRCUIT-C
ER1 ER4 ER7
ER2 ER5 ER8
ER3 ER6 ER9

26. Turn the PC1 DC POWER switch to OFF.

27. Return the test console POSITIVE and NEGATIVE SUPPLY controls to OFF.

28. Turn the test console power OFF by depressing the CONSOLE POWER switch.

29. Remove PC130-6A from the test console.

 INSTITUTE OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
LIAQUAT UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES JAMSHORO, SINDH.
30. Turn off your multimeter.

31. Return all equipment to its designated storage area.

COMPARISON OF Calculated and Measured Values:

Let’s now evaluate the results of your measured data in Part 2 of this experiment. As you Recall, our
objective in this part of the experiment is to show that the sum of the voltage Drops across the resistors in
a series circuit equals the applied voltage across all the Resistors.

Add the measured voltage drops for Circuit A, Circuit B, and Circuit C and record your Answer, as
indicated below.

Circuit A: ERTA = ER1 + ER2 + ER3 =_________________

Circuit A: ERTB = ER4 + ER5 + ER6 =_________________

Circuit A: ERTC = ER7 + ER8 + ER9 =_________________

Now compare the applied voltage E from the circuit diagram of Figure 10 with the Measured applied
voltage E from the first row of Table 3. The two values should be the Same. Similarly, the values
calculated above for Circuit A, Circuit B, and Circuit C Should Also match. In other words:

ET = ERTA = ERTB = ERTC

Do your measurements support this relationship? Any small differences you might have could be from
multimeter readings. Finally, calculate the voltage drops of all nine resistors in the circuits on PC130-6A.
Enter Your answers (calculated values) in Table 4.

TABLE 4. CALCULATED VOLTAGE DROPS IN PC130-6A CIRCUITS A, B, AND C

CIRCUIT-A CIRCUIT-B CIRCUIT-C

R1 R4 R7
R2 R5 R8
R3 R6 R9
 INSTITUTE OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
LIAQUAT UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES JAMSHORO, SINDH.

CONCLUDE YOUR PRACTICALIN YOUR ON WORDS? ALONG WITH PC CARD

130-6A?
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