1era ANGIE

/f/ Voiceless, labiodental, fricative.

In Spanish the labiodental phoneme /f/ has only one realization.

Felino [feˈlino]

Trifulca [tɾiˈfulka]

Entonces : [ˈen͎ton̪ses] (n͎=devoiced, n̪=dentalized)

Entonces : [ˈen͎ton̪ses] (n͎=devoiced, n̪=dentalized)

/θ/: voiceless, dental, fricative.

In Spanish from Spain the phoneme /θ/ can be found in some realizations such as:

Caza : [ˈkaθa]
Entonces: [ˈen͎ton̪θeʃ] (n͎=devoiced, n̪=dentalized)

These realizations are different in Venezuelan Spanish, the phoneme /θ/ is not employed in
this region. Instead the phoneme /s/ takes its place, is known as “seseo”.

 Caza: [ˈkasa]
/ð/: voiced, dental, fricative.

In Spanish, the phoneme /ð/ does not exist.

ʃ/: voiceless, postalveolar, fricative.

In Spanish, the phoneme /ʃ/ does not exist.

/h/: voiceless, glottal, fricative.

In Spanish the glottal, fricative phoneme has as most frequent realization the phone [h]:

Voiceless, glottal, fricative:

caja [ˈka̠ha]

gente [ˈhen̪te] ( n̪=dentalized)

/v/: Voiced, labiodental, fricative

In Spanish this phoneme is not realized by Spanish speakers, is most common to replace /v/
for /b/

/ʒ/ Voiced, postalveolar, fricative

This phoneme does not exist in Spanish.

2da NAYARITH

1. /s/ Voiceless alveolar fricative

Casa, mesa, sapo, sordo

There are some allophones related to this phoneme:

o [s̹ ]Voiceless dental fricative

When /s/ is realized in a word-finally position followed by a voiceless dental sound in the
next syllable, the consonant adopts the place of articulation of the dental sound. As in:

Cuesta [kwéşta]

Ascender [aşθendę´r]

 En algunos lugares la S se aspira como en:

/péska/ [péhka]

/éste/ [éhte]

 Algunos hablantes producen la x como s:

/téksto/ [tésto]

 También suelen pronunciarla así:

/táksi/

Whistling sound as “silibante”

[z] Voiceless alveolar fricative

It is used before voiced consonants. Present in dialects which realize /s/ as a non-retracted.
The phoneme /s/ and /z/ are called in Venezuelan Spanish as whistling sound or “silibante”

Zapato [zäˈpät̪ o̞]

Comunismo [ko̞muˈnizmo̞]

[z̹] voiced dental fricative

It is used when [z] in is word-finally position followed by a voiced dental stop /d/ in word-
initially position causing [z] to adopt the place of articulation of /d/.

Los dedos [lǫz̹ déđos]

Más de cien [máz̹ đe θjén]

/z/ Voiced, alveolar, fricative

In Spanish this phoneme does not exist and is not realized in almost any spontaneous
speech.