Quadratic Equations and Inequalities Exercise PDF

M a them a ti cs | 2.
33
Solved Examples
JEE Main/Boards 2− 5
=
Example 1: For what values of ‘m’ does the quadratic (2 + 5 )(2 − 5 )
equation (1 + m) x2 – 2(1 + 3m)x + (1 + 8m) = 0 have
equal roots? = 5 −2
Then the other root, x2 + px + q = x will be −2 − 5 ,
Sol: The roots are equal if discriminant (D)= 0.
α + β = ‒4 and αβ = ‒1
(
4(1 + 3m)2 – 4(1 + m)(1 + 8m) = 0 ⇒ 4 m2 − 3m =
0 )
Thus, the required quadratic equation is :
⇒ m = 0, 3
x2 − ( α + β ) x + αβ = 0 Or , x2 + 4x − 1 =0
Example 2: When pr = 2(q + s), where p, q, r, s are real
numbers, show that at least one of the equations x2 + Example 4: The quadratic equations x2 ‒ ax + b = 0 and
px + q and x2 + rx +s = 0 has real roots.
x2 ‒ px + q = 0 have a common root and the second
ap
Sol: For at least one of the given equation has equal roots, show that b + q = .
2
equations to have real roots means one of
Sol: By considering α and β to be the roots of eq. (i) and
their discriminant must be non negative. α to be the common root, we can solve the problem by
using the sum and product of roots formulae.
The given equations are
The given quadratic equations are
f(α ) =0 + px + q = 0 … (i)
x2 − ax + b =0 ... (i)
f(α ) =0 + rx + s = 0 … (ii)
x2 − px + q =0 ... (ii)
consider D1 and D2 be the discriminants of equations (i)
and (ii) respectively, Consider α and β to be the roots of eq. (i) and α to be
the common root.
D1 + D2 = p2 ‒ 4q + r2 ‒4s
From (i) α + β = a, α = b
= p2 + r2 ‒ 4(q + s)
From (ii) 2α = p, α2 = q
= p + r ‒ 2pr
2 2
ap
∴ b + q = αβ + α2 = α ( α + β ) =
= (p ‒ r) ≥ 0 [ p and r are real]
2
2
 At least one of D1 and D2 must be non negative.
Example 5: If α and αn are the roots of the
Hence, at least one of the given equation has real roots. quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0, then show that
1 1
Example 3: Find the quadratic equation where one of ( ) acn n+1

( )
+ anc n+1 +b =0.
1 Sol: By using the sum and product of roots formulae

the roots is .
2+ 5 we can prove this.
Sol: If one root is (α + β ) then other one will be
Given that α and αn are the roots.
(α − β ) . c
1 ∴ α.αn =
given α = a 1
2+ 5  c  n+1
⇒ α = 
Multiplying the numerator and denominator by a
2 − 5 , we get −b
And α + αn =
a
2 . 3 4 | Quadratic Equations and Inequalities
1
 c  n+1  c  n+1 −b
⇒  +  =
1
∴α +β =
−1
2
3 2
and 4α2 + 2α − 1 = 04α − 3α= 4α + 2α − 1 ( )  α − 12 
a a a
1 1 (  1 
) 1
4α3 − 3α= 4α2 + 2α − 1  α −  −  α +  = β
Or ( ) can n+1
( )
+ cna n+1 +b =0.  2  2

Hence 1 3
−  α + 4α= β− 3α is the other root.
2  2
Example 6: x2 + ax + bc = 0 and x + bx + ca = 0 have
a non zero common root and a ≠ b, then show that the 1 1 1
Example 9: the roots of + = are equal in
other roots are roots of the equation, x2 + cx + ab = 0, x +p x +q r
c ≠ 0. magnitude, but opposite in sign, show that p+ q = 2r
p2 + q2
Sol: By considering α to be the common root of and the product of the roots = −
2
the equations and β , γ to be the other roots of the
equations respectively, and then by using the sum and Sol: By considering α and − α as the roots of the given
product of roots formulae we can prove this. equation and then by using the sum and product of
roots formulae we can solve it.
Further, α + β = −a and αβ = bc ;
1 1 1
+ = ….(i)
α + γ = −b , α. γ = ca x +p x +q r
2α + β + γ = − ( a + b ) and α2βγ = abc2 … (i) ⇒ (x + q + x +p)r = x2 + (p + q)x + pq

∴ β + γ = c − 2c = −c (ii) … (ii) ⇒ x2 + (p + q – 2r)x + pq – r(p + q) = 0
and c2βγ = c2ba Since, its roots are equal in magnitude but opposite in
sign
∴ βγ = ab … (iii)
consider roots are α , − α.
From equation (ii) and (iii),
∴ α − α= p + q − 2r
β and γ are the roots of the equation x2 + cx + ab =
0
⇒ p+q=2r
Product of roots = pq – r(p + q)
Example 7: Solve for x when
(p + q)
2
p2 + q2
log10= (
log10 x log ) 2
x 
x: x >1 = pq –
2
= −
2
 
Sol: By using the formula Example 10: If α , β are the roots of x + px + q = 0. 2

log10 a
logaMx = x loga .M and logb a =
log10 b
we can Prove that
α
β
2 2
(
is a root of qx + 2q − p x + q =0 )
solve this problem. Sol: For
α
β
(
to be a root of qx2 + 2q − p2 x + q = 0 )
log10 ( log
=10 x log
= )2 x x
log10 x 1
=
log10 x2 2
it must satisfy thegiven equation. Hence by using sum
and product of roots formula, we can find out the value
1 α
of .
Let y = log10 x ; then = log10 y ; β
2
As α1β1γ1 are the roots of x2 + px + q =0
1 1
⇒ == log y ∴ y 10 and thus x 1010
=
2 2 10 α + β = –p and αβ = q
α
We need to show that is a root of
Example 8: If α is a root of the equation 4x2 + 2x ‒ 1= 0, β
then prove that 4α3 − 3α is the other root.
(
ax2 + 2q − p2 x + q =)
0
Sol: Consider α, β to be the two roots of the given That means

equation 4x2 + 2x − 1 =0 , therefore, by solving this we α2
can get the result. q
β2
(
+ 2q − p2 ) αβ + q =0
M a them a ti cs | 2.35
(
i.e., qα2 + 2q − p2 αβ + qβ2 = 0 ) Sol: Consider y ∈ R and also that given as x ∈ R. Hence,
ax2 + x − 2
(
i.e., q α2 + 2αβ + β2 − p2 αβ = 0 ) the discriminant of y =
than or equal to zero. a + x − 2x2
must be greater
i.e., q ( α + β ) − p αβ = 0
2 2
Let y ∈ R; then,
2 2
i.e., p q − p q =
0 which is obviously true. ax2 + x − 2
y= for some x ∈ R
a + x − 2x2
Example 11: Find the value of ‘a’ for which (a + 2y) x2 + (1 – y)x – 2 – ay = 0
(
3x2 + 2 a2 + 1 x + a2 − 3a + 2 = )
0 possesses roots with
∴ (1 – y)2 + 4(a +2y)(2 + ay) ≥ 0 ; ∀y ∈R
opposite signs.
Sol: Roots of the given equation are of opposite sign,

( )
Or ( 8a + 1 ) y 2 + 4a2 + 14 y + 8a + 1 ≥ 0
hence, their product is negative and the discriminant is ∀ y ∈ R ∴ 8a + 1 > 0 and

positive.
∴ Product of roots is negative (4a2 + 14)2 ‒ 4(8a+1)2 ≤ 0
a2 − 3a + 2 1
∴
3
<0 Or a > −
8
( )
and a2 − 4a + 3 ( a + 2 ) ≤ 0
= (a – 2) (a – 1) < 0 and a ∈ (1, 2) And D > 0 1
Or a > − and (a – 3)(a – 1) < 0
( 2
)
4 a + 1 − 4.3 a − 3a + 2 > 0 ( 3
) 8
i.e. a ∈ [1, 3]
This equation will always hold true for a ∈ (1, 2)
Example 2: Find the value of x if

Example 12: If x is real, find the range of the
2x + 5 + | x2 + 4x +3| = 0
x2 + 14x + 9
quadratic expression .
x2 + 2x + 3 Sol: For 2x + 5 + | x2 + 4x +3| = 0, 2x + 5 must be less
x2 + 14x + 9 than or equal to zero. And whether x2 + 4x +3 will be
Sol: By considering = y and as x is real its positive or negative depends on the value of x.
x2 + 2x + 3
discriminant must be greater than or equal to zero. ⇒ 2x + 5 + | x2 + 4x + 3| = 0
2
x + 14x + 9
Let =y Case -I When x ≤ –3 or x ≥ -1
x2 + 2x + 3
⇒ x2 + 14x + 9= x2 y + 2xy + 3y x2 + 4x + 3 + 2x + 5 = 0
⇒ x2 (1 – y) + 2x(7 – y)+ 3 (3 – y) = 0 (x + 2)(x + 4) = 0 ; ⇒ x = –4
Hence, D ≥ 0 Case-II –3 < x < -1
4(7 – y) β – 12(1 – y)(3 – y) y2 0 x2 + 4x + 3 = 2x + 5 ; x2 + 2x – 2 = 0
– 2y γ – 2y + 40 y3 0 −1 − 3
⇒x=
2
⇒ y 2 + y − 20 ≤ 0
⇒ ≤ ⇒ ≤ ≤ Example 3: Solve the equation 2|x +1| − 2x = 2x − 1 + 1
(y + 5)(y – 4) 0 –5 y 4
Sol: By taking the conditions as x ≥ 0 and x ≤ 0 we can
solve this problem.
JEE Advanced/Boards
2x − 1 if x ≥ 0
x 
2 −1 =
Example 1: Prove that y =
2
ax + x − 2
2
 x
− 2 − 1 ( ) if x < 0
a + x − 2x
Case-I x ≥ 0
takes all real values for x ∈ R only if a ∈ [1, 3]
2|x +1| − 2x = 2x − 1 + 1 3 3
Case II : Let < x < 1 ; 2x – < x2
8 4
This is true ∀ x ≥ 0
Or 4 x2 – 8x + 3 > 0
Case-II x < 0 ; 2|x +1| − 2x =1 − 2x + 1
3 1
(2x – 3)(2x – 1)> 0; ∴ x ∈  , 
2|x +1| = 2 ; |x + 1| = 1 ; x = –2
8 2
Example 4: For what values of a are the roots of the Example 6: Solve the equation
(
2
)
equation a + 1 x − 3ax + 4a (
= 0 a ≠ − 1 real and less ) (2x 2
− 3x + 1 ) (2x 2
)9x2
+ 5x + 1 =
than 1?
Sol: Here the roots of the given equation have to be Sol: This problem is solved by dividing both sides by x2
real and less than 1, therefore D ≥ 0 ; f(1).(a + 1) > 0 1
and taking y = 2x +
and the x-coordinate of the vertex < 1 . x
Let f(x) = (a + 1) x2 − 3ax + 4a ( )(
2x2 − 3x + 1 2x2 + 5x + 1 = 9x2 ) ... (i)
Clearly, x = 0 does not satisfy (i), Therefore, we can
D ≥ 0 ; f(1).(a + 1) > 0 and x-coordinate of vertex < 1
rewrite equation (i) as
16
D ≥ 0 ⇒− ≤ a ≤ 0 … (i)  1  1
9 ... (ii)
7  2x − 3 +   2x + 5 +  =
 x  x
(a + 1)f(1) > 0 ⇒ (2a + 1) (a + 1) > 0 1
∴ (y – 3)(y + 5) = 9 where y = 2x +
1 x
⇒ a < –1 or a > − ... (ii)
2 Or y2 + 2y ‒ 24 = 0
16 −1    ⇒ (y + 6)(y – 4) = 0 ⇒ y = 4, –6
By (i) & (ii) a ∈  − , −1  ∪  ,0  … (iii)
 7   2 
1
Since x coordinate of vertex x < 1, we have When y = –6, 2x + = –6
x
 −1  ⇒ 2 x2 + 6x + 1 = 0
Combined with (iii) we get: a ∈  ,0 
 2 
−6 ± 36 − 8 −3 ± 7
⇒ x= =
Example 5: Find all the values of x satisfying the 4 2
 3 1
inequality ⇒  2x −  > 2 .
When y = 4, 2x + =4
 4 x
Sol: First, we can reduce the given inequality as ⇒ 2 x2 – 4x + 1 =
 3
logx  2x −  > logx x2 . Then, by applying each case of ⇒ x=
4 ± 16 − 8 −2 ± 7
=
 4 4 2
3 −−33±± 77 −−22±± 22
x > 1 and < x < 1 we can solve this problem. Thus, the solutions are x = , .
8 22 22
 3 3
logx  2x −  > 2 (∴ x ≠ 1 and x > ) Example 7: If α and β are the roots of the equation a
 4 8
x2 + bx + c = 0, then find the equation whose roots are,
⇒ logx  2x − 3  > logx x2 … (i) α2 +
α
2
+ββ2,
2 1
+
1
?
 4 α2 β2
3
Case I : Let x > 1 ; 2x − > x2
4 Sol: Using the sum and product of roots formulae, we
can get the value of α and β and then by using
Or 4 ⇒ – 8x + 3 < 0
x2 − ( sum of roots ) x + (product of roots ) =
0
 1  3  3
Or 4  x −   x −  < 0 ∴ x ∈  1, 
 2  2  2 we can arrive at the required equation.
Let S be the sum and P be the product of the roots

α2 + β2 ,
1
+
1 a2 a
2 2 Hence – 11 + a = 0, a = 0 or a = 24
α β 9 3
Since a ≠ 0, a = 24
α2 + β2  b2 − 2ac   b2 − 2ac 
2 2
As S = α + β += (
 a2
+
  c2

 )  x2 − 11x + 24 =
∴ the common factor of 
0
( αβ )
2
    2
x − 14x + 48 =0
 a2 + c2 
2
(
= b − 2ac  2 2 
 ac 
 
) is clearly x – 8 or the common root is x = 8.
Note: A shorter method is in eliminating a from both
Now the product of the roots will be expressions
1 2x2 − 22x + 2a 2

α2 + β2
P==
( )  b − 2ac  c2

2
× 2
 ; x – 8x = 0
x2 − 14x + 2a 
⇒ x (x – 8) = 0
α2β2  a2  a
 
∴ x ≠ 0, ∴ (x – 8)
Hence equation is
( )( ) ( )
2
( acx )
2
− b2 − 2ac a2 + c2 x + b2 − 2ac 0
= Example 10: α and β are the roots of
a x2 + bx+ c= 0 and γ , δ be the roots of
Example 8: If an are the roots of a x2 + bx + c = 0 p x2 +qx + r = 0; . If α , β, γ , δ are
2
and γ , δ the roots of x + mx + n = 0 , then find the
equation whose roots are α γ + β δ and α δ + β γ ? in A.P., then find the ratio of their Discriminants.
Sol: In the method similar to example 8. Sol: As α , β, γ , δ are in A.P., hence, β − α = δ − γ , by

squaring both side and substituting their values we will
Here S = α γ +βδ + α δ +β γ ( ) ( ) get the result.
Consider D1 and D2 be their discriminants respectively
= α ( γ + δ ) + β ( γ + δ ) = ( α + β )( γ + δ )
−b c
We have α +
= β ,α
= β
a a
 −b   −m  bm
= =   … (i)
−q c
 a    a and γ +=
δ , γ=
δ
p a
Also P = ( α γ + βδ )( αδ + βγ ) Since, α , β, γ , δ are in A.P.
= (α 2
)
+ β2 γδ + αβ γ 2 + δ2 ( ) … (ii) ⇒β − α = δ − γ ; ( β − α ) = ( δ − γ )
2 2
(β + α ) ( γ + δ)
2 2
= b2 n  + m2ac − 4 acn  / a2 2 − 4αβ = − 4 γδ
b2 4c q2 4r
Hence, from x2 – Sx + P = 0 ⇒ − = −
a2 a p2 p
bm
2 b2n  + m2ac − 4acn
x − x+ 0
=
a a2 2 b2 − 4ac q2 − 4qr
⇒ =
a2 p2
Example 9: The expression x2 ‒ 11x + a = 0 and
D1 D2 D1 a2
x2 ‒ 14x + 2a = 0 must have a common factor and a ≠ = ⇒ =
0, Find the common factor and then the common root. a2 p2 D2 p2
Sol: Here consider (x ‒ α) to be the common factor then p a b

Example 11: The equation= + has two
x = α becomes the root of the corresponding equation. 2x x + c x − c
Hence, by substituting x = α in both the equations and equal roots and c ≠ 0 , then find the possible values of p?
solving we will get the result.
Sol: For equal roots discriminant(D) must be zero.
∴α2 − 11α + a= 0, α2 − 14 α + 2a= 0
a p a b
Subtracting 3α − a= 0 ⇒ α = As given= +
3 2x x + c x − c
p (a+ b) x + c(b− a) −b ± D
⇒ = Therefore by putting x2 + 2x = y and using x =
2x x 2 − c2 2a
we can solve this.
⇒ p(x2‒ c2) = 2(a + b)x2 ‒ 2c(a ‒ b)x
Put x2 + 2x = y … (i)
⇒ (2a + 2b – p) x2 – 2c(a – b)x + p c2 = 0
(y – 80)(y – 24) = 660
For this equation to have equal roots
4c2 ( a − b ) − 4pc2 ( 2a + 2b − p ) =
2
0 ⇒ y2 ‒ 104y + 1920 ‒ 660 = 0
⇒ y2 ‒ 104y + 1920 = 0
⇒ ( a − b ) − 2p ( a + b ) + p2 =
2
0
⇒ (y – 90)(y – 14) = 0 ⇒ y = 90 or 14
⇒ p22 − 2p ( a + b ) =− (a − b)
2 2
When y = 90 (i) gives x2 + 2x − 90 =

0
⇒ p2 − 2p ( a + b ) + ( a + b ) = ( a + b ) − ( a − b )
2 2 22 2 2 2
− 2 ± 42 − 4 × ( − 90 )
[p ‒ (a + b)] = 4ab 2
x= =−1 ± 94
2
⇒ p – (a + b) = ± 2 ab
When y = 14, (i) gives x2 + 2x – 14 = 0
( )
2
⇒ p=a+b±2 ab = a± b
− 2 ± 42 − 4 × ( − 14 )
x= =−1 ± 3 2
2
Example 12: Solve (x + 10)(x – 4)(x – 8)(x + 6)= 660
x
The solutions are: −1 ± 3 2 & −1 ± 94
2
Sol: By multiplying (x + 10)(x – 8)(x – 4)(x + 6) we get x − 5x + 9
( x2 + 2x – 80)( x2 + 2x – 24) = 660.
JEE Main/Boards
Exercise 1 Q.6 Determine the values of m for which the equations

3 x2 + 4mx + 2 = 0 and 2 x2 + 3x – 2 = 0 may have a
Q.1 If the sum of the roots of the equation px2+qx+r=0 common root.
be equal to the sum of their squares, show that

Q.7 If α and β be the roots of the equation x2 ‒ px + q = 0,
2pr = pq + q2
1 1
find the equation whose roots are α + and β + .
Q.2 Show that the roots of the equation β α
(a + b)
2 2
x −2 a −b ( 2 2
) x + (a − b) 2
0 are equal.
= Q.8 Solve for x :
4x
2
≥1
x +3
Q.3 Find the value of m, for which the equation 5 x2 –
4x + 2 + m (4 x2 – 2x – 1) = 0 has Q.9 If c, d are the roots of the equation (x – a)(x – b) – k =0
show that a, b are the roots of the equation (x – c)(x – d)
(i) equal roots + k = 0.
(ii) product of the roots as 2
Q.10 Find the real values of x which satisfy x2 ‒ 3x + 2 > 0
(iii) The sum of the roots as 6
and x2 ‒ 3x ‒ 4 ≤ 0.
Q.4 If one root of the equation 5 x2 + 13x + k =0 be
Q.11 Let a, b, c, be real numbers with a ≠ 0 and let α , β
reciprocal of the other, find k.
2
be the roots of the equation a x2 + bx +c = 0. Express
Q.5 If the difference of the roots of x – px + q = 0 is
unity, then prove that p2 ‒ 4q = 1 the roots of a3x2 + abcx + c3 = 0 in terms of α, β.
Q.12 If a and b are integers and the roots of equation Q.24 Let α be a root of the equation a x2 + bx + c = 0
x2 + ax + b =0 are rational, show that they will be and β be a root of the equation – ax2 + bx + c = 0. Show
integers. a
that there exists a root of the equation x2 + bx + c = 0
2
Q.13 For what values of m, can the following expression
be split as product of two linear factors?
(
that lies between α and β α , β ≠ 0 . )
(i) 3x2 − xy − 2y 2 + mx + y + 1 Q.25 Let a, b and c be integers with a > 1, and let p be a
prime number. Show that if ax2 + bx + c is equal to p for
(ii) 6 x2 − 7xy − 3y 2 + mx + 17y − 20 two distinct integral values of x, then it cannot be equal
to “2p” for any integral value of x. (a ≠ p).
x2 − 2x + 4
Q.14 Prove that the expression lies between Q.26 For a ≤ 0, determine all real roots of the equation:
x2 + 2x + 4
1
and 3 for all real values of x. x2 − 2a x − a − 3a2 =0.
3
Q.15 Find all the values of a for which the roots of the Q.27 Find the values of a for which the inequality
equation (1 + a) x+ ‒ 3ax + 4a = 0 exceed unity. x2 + ax + a2 + 6a < 0 is satisfied for all x ∈ (1, 2).
Q.16 If P(x) = a x2 + bx + c and Q(x) = ‒ax2 + bx + c Q.28 If the roots of 2x3 + x2 − 7 = 0 are α , β and
where ac ≠ 0, show that the equation P(x). Q(x) = 0 has f(x) = x + x(4 − 2k) + k − 3k − 1 = 0 ,
2 2
at least two real roots.

α β
find the value of ∑  +  .
Q.17 If roots of the equation ax2 + 2bx + c = 0 be α and β α
β and those of the equation A x2 + 2Bx + C = 0 be α + Q.29 Find all values of k for which the inequality (x – 3k)
k and β + k, prove that: (x – k – 3)< 0 is satisfied for all x in the interval [1, 3].
2
b2 − aca
= 
B − AC  A 
2
Exercise 2
(15 + 4 14 ) + (15 − 4 14 ) =
t t
Q.18 Solve for x: 30 Single Correct Choice Type
where t = x2 − 2| x | . Q.1 If a2 + b2 + c2 = 1 then ab + bc + ca lies in the
interval (a, b, c, ∈ R)
Q.19 Show that (x – 2)(x - 3) – 8 (x – 1)(x – 3) + 9 (x – 1)
(x – 2) = 2 x2 is an identity. 1
(C)  − 1 ,1  (D)  −1, 1 
    
(A)  ,2 (B) [–1, 2 ]
2   2   2
Q.20 For which values of a does the equation
2
 2   2  Q.2 If P(x) = ax2 + bx + c and Q(x) = – ax2 + dx + c,
(1 + a)  2x  − 3a  2x  + 4a =
0 have real roots? where ac ≠ 0, then P(x). Q(x) = 0 has
 x +1  x +1
(A) Exactly one real root
( )
Q.21 If one root of the equation l − m x + lx + 1 =0 be 2
(B) At least two real roots
9
double of the other and if l be real, show that m ≤ . (C) Exactly are real roots
8
2
(D) All four are real roots
Q.22 If a x2 + 2bx + c = 0 and a1 x + 2b1 x + c1 =
0
have a common root and a , b , c are in A.P show Q.3 If α and β be the roots of the equation x2 + 3x + 1 =0
a1 b1 c1 2 2
that a1 , b1 , c1 are in G.P.  α   β 
then the value of   +  is equal to
1 + β  α +1
Q.23 If the ratio of the roots of the equation a x2 + bx
+ c = 0 be equal to that of the roots of the equation (A) 15 (B) 18 (C) 21 (D) None of these
2
b  ca
a1x2 + 2b1x +c1 = 0, prove that   =

 b1  c1a1
Q.4 Let a > 0, b > 0 & c > 0. Then both the roots of the
equation a x2 + bx + c = 0
( ) ( ) (
(A) − ∞ , 0 ∪ 6, ∞ (B) − ∞ , 0  ∪ 6, ∞ ( )
(A) Are real & negative (C) ( − ∞ , 0  ∪ 6, ∞ ) (D) (0, 6)
(B) Have negative real parts
Q.12 If α , β are roots of the equation
(C) Are rational numbers
x2 − 2mx + m2 − 1 =0 then the number of integral
(D) None values of m for which α , β ∈ (–2, 4) is
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) All of these
Q.5 The equation x2 + bx + c = 0 has distinct roots. If 2
is subtracted from each root, the results are reciprocals
(
of the original roots. The value of b2 + c2 + bc equals ) Q.13 If x be the real number such that x3 + 4x =
the value of the expression x7 + 64x2 is
8 then
(A) 7 (B) 9 (C) 10 (D) 11

(A) 124 (B) 125 (C) 128 (D) 132
Q.6 If a, b, c are real numbers satisfying the condition
a + b + c = 0 then the roots of the quadratic equation Q.14 If a and b are positive integers and each of the
3ax2 + 5bx + 7c = 0 are: equations x2 + ax + 2b = 0 and x2 + 2bx + a = 0 has
real roots, then the smallest possible value of (a + b) is
(A) Positive (B) Real & distinct
(A) 3 (B) 4 (C) 5 (D) 6
(C) Negative (D) Imaginary
Q.15 Let ‘a’ be a real number. Number of real roots of

Q.7 If one solution of the equation x3 − 2x2 + ax + 10 =0
is the additive inverse of another, then which one of the
( )(
the equation x2 + ax + 1 3x2 + ax − 3 =0 is )
following inequalities is true ? (A) At least two (B) At most two
(A) –40 < a < –30 (B) –30 < a < –20 (C) Exactly two (D) All four
(C) –20 < a < –10 (D) –10 < a < 0
Q.16 Let f(x) = x2 + ax + b . If the maximum and the
Q.8 The sum of the roots of the equation minimum values of f(x) are 3 and 2 respectively for 0 ≤
x ≤ 2, then the possible ordered pair (s) of (a, b) is/are
( ) (
(x + 1) = 2 log2 2x + 3 − 2 log4 1980 − 2− x is )  3
(C)  − 5 , 3  (D)  − 5 ,2 
    
(A) (–2, 3) (B)  − ,2 
(A) 3954 (B) log2 11  2   2   2 
(C) log2 3954 (D) Indeterminate
Q.9 The quadratic equation x2 – 1088x + 295680 = 0 Previous Years’ Questions

has two positive integral roots whose greatest common
divisor is 16. The least common multiple of the two Q.1 The smallest value of k, for which both the roots
roots is of the equation x2 − 8kx + 16 k 2 − k + 1 = ( 0 are real, )
(A) 18240 (B) 18480 distinct and have values at least 4, is ……….. (2009)
(C) 18960 (D) 19240
Q.2 Find the set of all x for which
2 2x 1
Q.10 If x is real and 4 y + 4xy + x + 6 = 0, then the > (1987)
complete set of values of x for which y is real is 2x2 + 5x + 2 x + 1
(A) x ≤ –2 or x ≥ 3 (B) x ≤ 2 or x ≥ 3
Q.3 Let a, b, c be real numbers with a ≠ 0 and let α , β be
(C) x ≤ –3 or x ≥ 2 (D) –3 ≤x≤ 2 the roots of the equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 . Express the
roots of a3 x2 + abcx + c3 =0 in terms of α , β . (2001)
Q.11 If exactly one root of the quadratic equation
()
f x = 0 – (a + 1)x + 2a = 0 lies in the interval (0, 3) Q.4 If α , β are the roots of ax2 + bx + c = 0 , (a ≠ 0)
then the set of values ‘a’ is given by and α + δ, β + δ are the roots of Ax + Bx + C =
2
0 , (A ≠
0) for some constant δ , then
b2 − 4ac B2 − 4AC Q.9 Let α, β be the roots of the equation

prove that = (2000)
a 2
A 2
x2 − px + r =0 and α , 2 β be the roots of the equation
2
Q.5 Let a, b, c, be real. If ax2 + bx + c =0 has two roots
x2 − qx + r =0 . Then, the value of r is (2007)
α and β , where α < –1 and β > 1, then 2
c b
(A)
9
(p − q) ( 2q − p ) (B) 92 ( q − p ) ( 2p − q)
show that 1 + + < 0 (1995)
a a
2 2
(C)
9
( q − 2p ) ( 2q − p ) (D) ( 2p − q) ( 2q − p )
9
y
a<0
y=ax2+bx+c Q.10 If one root is square of the other root of the
-1 1 equation x2 + px + q =0 , then the relation between p

0
x
y and q is (2004)
a>0
3
( ) 2
(A) p − 3 3p − 1 q + q =0
(B) p − q ( 3p + 1 ) + q =
3 2
2
y=ax +bx+c 0
x
(C) p + q ( 3p − 1 ) + q =
3 2
-1 0 1 0
(D) p + q ( 3p + 1 ) + q =
3 2
0
Assertion Reasoning Type (

Q. 11 For all ‘x’, x2 + 2ax + 10 − 3a > 0 , then the )
interval in which ‘a’ lies is (2004)
For the following questions, choose the correct answer
(A) a < –5 (B) –5 < a < 2
from the codes (a). (b), (c) and (d) defined as follows.
(C) a > 5 (D) 2 < a < 5
(A) Statement-I is true, statement-II is true and
statement-II is correct explanation for statement-I
Q.12 The set of all real numbers x for which
(B) Statement-I is true, statement-II is true and
statement-II is NOT the correct explanation for x2 − x + 2 + a > 0 is (2002)
statement-I.
(C) Statement-I is true, statement-II is false.
( ) ( )
(A) − ∞ , − 2 ∪ 2, ∞ (
(B) − ∞ , − 2 ∪ ) ( 2, ∞ )
(C) ( − ∞ , − 1 ) ∪ (1, ∞ ) (D) ( 2, ∞ )
(D) Statement-I is false, statement-II is true.
Q.6 Let a, b, c, p, q be the real numbers. Suppose f k 2 ( ) Q.13 The number of solutions of log4 x −= (
1 log2 x − 3 ) ( )
are the roots of the equation is (2001)
x2 + 2px + q =0 and 1 (A) 3 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 0

α, are the roots of the equation
β 2
ax2 + 2bx + c =0, where β ∉ {−1, 0 , 1} .
( )
Q.14 If α and β α < β are the roots of the equation
(
Statement-I : p − q b − ac ≥ 0 and
2
)( 2
) x2 + bx + c =0 where c < 0 < b, then (2000)
Statement-II : b ≠ pa or c ≠ qa (2008) (A) 0 < α < β (B) α < 0 < β < | α |

(C) α < β < 0 (D) α < 0 | α | < β
Q.7 The sum of all real roots of the equation
2
0 is ……
x−2 + x−2 −2 = (1997) Q.15 The equation x + 1 − x − 1= 4x − 1 has (1997)
(A) No solution (B) One solution
Q.8 A value of b for which the equations x2 + bx − 1 =0,
x2 + x + b =0 have one root in common is (2011) (C) Two solution (D) More than two solution
(A) − 2 (B) −i 3 (C) i 5 (D) 2

Q.16 The quadratic equations x2 – 6x + a = 0 and x2 – cx Q.19 Let α and β be the roots of equation px2 + qx + r = 0,
+ 6 = 0 have one root in common. The other roots of 1 1
the first and second equations are integers in the ratio p ≠ 0. If p, q, r are in A.P. and + =4 , then the value
α β
4 : 3. Then the common root is (2008) of |α – β| is (2014)
(A) 1 (B) 4 (C) 3 (D) 2

34 2 13
(A) (B)
9 9
Q.17 If the roots of the equation bx2 + cx + a =0 be
imaginary, then for all real values of x, the expression 61 2 17
(C) (D)
3b2 x2 +6bcx + 2c2 is (2009) 9 9
(A) Greater than 4ab (B) Less than 4ab
(C) Greater than – 4ab (D) Less than – 4ab Q.20 If the equations x2 + 2x + 3 = 0 and ax2 + bx + c = 0,
a,b,c R, have a common root, then a : b : c is(2013)
Q.18 Let α and β be the roots of equation x2 – 6x – 2 = 0. (A) 1 : 2 : 3 (B) 3 : 2 : 1
a − 2a8 (C) 1 : 3 : 2 (D) 3 : 1 : 2
If an = αn ‒ βn, for , then the value of 10 is equal
2a9
to : (2015)
(A) 6 (B) – 6 (C) 3 (D) –3
JEE Advanced/Boards
Exercise 1 2
Q.4 When y + my + 2 is divided by (y – 1) then
the quotient is f(y) and the remainder is R1. When
Q.1 A quadratic polynomial y 2 + my + 2 is divided by (y + 1) then quotient is
g(y) and the remainder is R2. If R1 = R2, find the value
f ( x ) = x2 + ax + b is formed with one of its zeros of m.
4+3 3
being where a and b are integers Also, Q.5 Find the value of m for which the quadratic
2+ 3
0 and x2 − 14x + 2m =
equations x2 − 11x + m = 0 may
g ( x ) = x 4 + 2x3 − 10 x2 + 4x − 10 is a biquadrate have common root.
4+3 3
polynomial such that g  =  c 3 + d where c Q.6 The quadratic polynomial P(x) = ax2 + bx + C
 2+ 3 
  has two different zeroes including –2. The quadratic
polynomial Q ( x ) = ax2 + cx + b has two different
and d are also integers. Find the values of a, b, c and d.
zeroes including 3. If α and β be the other zeroes of P(x)
α
and Q(x) respectively then find the value of .
Q.2 Find the range of values of a, such β
Instructions for Q.7 and Q.8
ax2 + 2 ( a + 1 ) x + 9a + 4
that f(x) = is always negative. Let α , β , γ be distinct real numbers such
x2 − 8x + 32
2
that a α + b α + c= ( sin θ) α2 + ( cos θ) α
Q.3 Let a, b, be arbitrary real numbers. Find the smallest
natural number ‘b’ for which the equation
a β2 + b β + c= ( sin θ) β2 + ( cos θ) β
x2 + 2 ( a + b ) x + ( a − b + 8 ) =0 has unequal real roots
a γ 2 + b γ + c= ( sin θ) γ2 + ( cos θ) γ
for all a ∈ R. (where a, b, c, ∈ R.)
( )
Q.7 log|x + 6| 2 .log2 x2 − x − 2 ≥ 1 ( ) Q.14 If the range of m, so that the equations

( x + 2mx + 7m − 12) = 0
2
Q.8 If

V1= sin θ î + cos θ ˆj makes an angle π /3 with ( 4x − 4mx + 5m − 6 ) =
2
0
V2 = î + ˆj + 2 kˆ then find the number of values of have two distinct real roots, is (a, b) then find (a + b).
θ ∈ 0, 2 π .
Q.15 Match the column
Q.9 (a) If α , β are the roots of the quadratic equation

Column I Column II
ax2 + bx + c = 0 then which of the following expressions
in α , β will denote the symmetric functions of roots. (A) Let α and β be the roots of a (p) 0
quadratic equation
Give proper reasoning.
4x2 − (5p + 1 ) x + 5p =
0
( ) 2
(i) f α , β = α − β
if β = 1 + α
(ii) f ( α , β ) = α2β + αβ2
Then the integral value of p, is
α
(iii) f ( α , β ) =ln
β (B) Integers laying in the range of (q) 1
(iv) f ( α=
, β ) cos ( α − β ) the expression
x2 − 3x + 4
( )
(b) If a,β are the roots of the equation x − px + q =0, 2 y=
x2 + 3x + 4
is (are)
then find the quadratic equation the roots of which are
(α )( α )&α
3 2
2
− β2 3
− β3 β − α2 β3 . (C) Positive integral values of x (r) 2
satisfying
x +1 x +5
Q.10 Find the product of the real roots of the ≥ , is (are)
x −1 x +1
equation x2 + 18x + 30= 2 x2 + 18 x + 45
(D) The value of expression (s) 3
x2 + ax + 4 2π 4π 4π 4
Q.11 Let f(x) = is defined for all real, then sin sin + sin
x2 + bx + 4
7 7 7
, is
find the number of possible ordered pairs
8π 8 π 2π
sin + sin sin
7 7 7
(a – b) (where a, b, ∈ I).
Q.12 If the equation 9x2 − 12ax + 4 − a2 =0 has a unique Q.16 Find the product of uncommon real roots of the
root in (0, 1) then find the number of integers in the two polynomials
range of a.
P ( x ) = x 4 + 2x3 − 8x2 − 6x + 15 and
Q.13 (a) Find all real numbers x such that. Q ( x ) = x3 + 4x2 − x − 10 .

1 1
 1 2  1 2
 x −  + 1 −  = x Q.17 Solve the following where x ∈ R .
 x   x
6
 1 6 1 (a) ( x − 1 ) x2 − 4x + 3 + 2x2 + 3x − 5 =0
x +  − x − 6 − 2
x x
(b) Find the minimum value of  for
3
x>0  1 3 1 (b) 3 x2 + 4x + 2 = 5x − 4
x +  +x + 3
 x x
(c) x3 + 1 + x2 − x − 2 =0
(d) 2( x + 2) − 2x +1 − 1= 2x +1 + 1
(e) For a ≤ 0, determine all real roots of the equation Q.25 Find the complete set of real values of ‘a’
2
x − 2a x − a − 3a =
0. 2 for which both roots of the quadratic equation
(a2
) (
0 lie on
− 6a + 5 x2 − a2 + 2a x + 6a − a2 − 8 = )
Q.18 (a) Let α , β and γ are the roots of the cubic either side of the origin.
x3 − 3x2 + 1 =0 . Find a cubic whose
Solve the inequality.
α β γ
roots are , and . 2
α−2 β−2 γ −2  x5 
( )
4
Q.26 log2 x  log1  − 20 log2 x + 148 < 0
Hence or otherwise find the value of ( α − 2 ) ( β − 2 ) ( γ − 2 ) .  4
 2 
(b) If α , β , γ are roots of the cubic 2011
Q.27 (log 100 x ) + (log 10 x ) + log x ≤ 14
2 2
x3 + 2x2 + 1 =0 , then find
(i) ( α β )
−1
+ (β γ )
−1
+ (γ α)
−1
(ii) α −2 + β−2 + γ −1
( )
Q.28 log1/2 x + 1 > log2 2 − x ( )
Q.19 If the range of parameter t in the interval (0, 2π),
satisfying (
Q.29 log1/5 2x2 + 5x + 1 < 0 )
( −2x 2
+ 5x − 10 )
( sin t ) x2 + 2 (1 + sint ) x + 9 sin t + 4
Exercise 2
for all real value of x is (a, b), then a + b =
kπ . ( )
Find the value of k. Single Correct Choice Type
Q.1 Let r1, r2 and r3 be the solutions of equation

Q.20 Find all numbers p for each of which the least
value of the quadratic trinomial 0 then the value of
x3 − 2x2 + 4x + 5074 =
4x2 − 4px + p2 − 2p + 2 on the interval 0 ≤ x ≤ 2 is (r1 + 2) (r2 + 2) (r3 + 2) is

equal to 3.
(A) 5050 (B) 5066 (C) –5050 (D) –5066
() 2
Q.21 Let P x = x + bx + c where b and c are
integers. If P(x) is a factor of both x 4 + 6x2 + 25 and Q.2 For every x ∈ R , the polynomial x8 − x5 + x2 − x + 1 is
3x 4 + 4x2 + 28x + 5 . Find the value of P(1). (A) Positive
(B) Never positive
Q.22 If α , β are the roots of the equation,
(C) Positive as well as negative
x2 − 2x − a2 + 1 =0 and γ , δ are the roots of the
(D) Negative
2
(
equation, x − 2 a + 1 x + a a − 1 = )
0 such that ( )
α , β ∈( γ , δ ) then find the value of ‘a’.
Q.3 If the equation a(x ‒ 1)2 + b(x2 ‒3x + 2) + x ‒ a2 = 0 is
satisfied for all x ∈ R then the number of ordered pairs
Q.23 Let A denotes the set of values of x for which
of (a, b) can be
x+2
≤ 0 and B denotes the set of values of x for (A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) Infinite
x−4
2
which x − ax − 4 ≤ 0 . If B is the subset of A, then find
the number of possible integral values of a. Q.4 The inequality The inequality y(‒1)≥ ‒4, y(1) ≤ 0 and
y(3)≥5 are known to hold for y = ax2+ bx+ c then the
least value of ‘a’ is :
Q.24 The quadratic ax2 + bx − c = 0 has two
different roots including the root ‒2. The equation (A) – 1/4 (B) –1/3 (C) 1/4 (D) 1/8
ax2 + cx + b =0 has two different roots including the
root 3. The absolute value of the product of the four
roots of the equation expressed in lowest rational is
p
  . Find (p+ q).
q
4λ 2 − 2 λ2 Q.11 The absolute term in P(x) has the value equal to

Q.5 If x = 2
and y = 2
where
1+λ 1+ λ 5 −1 5 −1 5 +1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
4 16 16 16
λ is a real parameter, and x2 ‒ xy + y2 lies between
[a, b] then (a + b) is
Assertion Reasoning Type
(A) 8 (B) 10 (C) 13 (D) 25
(A) Statement-I is true, statement-II is true and
statement-II is correct explanation for statement-I
Multiple Correct Choice Type
(B) Statement-I is true, statement-II is true and
Q.6 If the quadratic equations x + abx + c = 0 2 statement-II is NOT the correct explanation for statement-I.
and x2 + acx + b = 0 have a common root then the (C) Statement-I is true, statement-II is false.
equation containing their other roots is/are:
(D) Statement-I is false, statement-II is true.
2
( ) 2
(A) x + a b + c x − a bc =
0
Q.12 Consider a cubic function
(B) x − a (b + c ) x + a bc =
2 2
0
f ( x ) = ax3 + bx + c where a, b, c ∈ R.
(C) a (b + c ) x − (b + c ) x + abc =
2
0
Statement-I: f(x) can not have 3 non - negative real roots.
(D) a (b + c ) x + (b + c ) x − abc =
2
0
Statement-II: Sum of roots is equal to zero.
Q.7 If one of the roots of the equation 4x2 ‒ 15x + 4p = 0
is the square of the other, then the value of p is Q.13 Consider two quadratic functions
(A) 125/64 (B) –27/8 (C) –125/8 (D) 27/8 f ( x ) = ax2 + ax + ( a + b ) and g(x) = ax2 + 3ax + 3a + b,
where a and b non-zero real numbers having same sign.
Q.8 For the quadratic polynomial f(x) = 4x ‒ 8kx + k, 2
Statement-I: Graphs of the both y = f(x) and y = g(x)
the statements which hold good are either completely lie above x-axis or lie completely
(A) There is only one integral k for which f(x) is non below x-axis ∀ x ∈R .because
negative ∀ x ∈ R Statement-II: If discriminant of f(x), D < 0, then y = f(x)
(B) for k < 0 the number zero lies between the zeros of ∀x ∈ R is of same sign and f(x+1) will also be of same
the polynomial. sign as that of f(x) . ∀x ∈ R
(C) f(x) = 0 has two distinct solution in (0, 1) for k ∈
(1/4, 4/7) Match the Columns
(D) Minimum value of y ∀ k ∈R is k (1+ 12k) ( )
Q.14 It is given that α , β β ≥ α are the roots of the
() 2
equation if f x = ax + bx + c . Also a f(t) > 0.
Q.9 The roots of the quadratic equation x2 ‒ 30x + b = 0
are positive and one of them is the square of the other. Match the condition given in column I with their
If the roots are r and s with r > s then corresponding conclusions given in column II.
(A) b + r – s = 145 (B) b + r + s = 50

Column I Column II
(C) b – r – s = 100 (D) b – r + s = 105
(A) a > 0 and b² > 4ac (p) t≠α
Comprehension Type (B) a > 0 and b² = 4ac (q) no solution
Consider the polynomia (C) a < 0 and b² > 4ac (r) α<t<β
(D) a < 0 and b² = 4ac (s) t < α or r > β
P ( x ) = ( x − cos 36° )( x − cos 84° )( x − cos156° )
Q.10 The coefficient of x2 is

1 5 −1
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) − (D)
2 2
Q.15 Match the conditions on column I with the (C) Suppose a cubic polynomial f(x) = (r) 277
intervals in column II. x3+px2+qx+72 is divisible by both
() 2 2
Let f x = x − 2px + p − 1 , then x2+ax+b and x2+bx+a (where a, b, p,
q are cubic polynomial and a ≠ b).
The sum of the squares of the roots
Column I Column II
of the cubic polynomial, is
(A) Both the roots of f(x) = 0 are (p) (–1, ∞)
(s) 298
less than 4, if p ∈ R
(B) Both the roots of f(x) = 0 are (q) (–∞, 3)
greater than –2 if p ∈ R
Previous Years’ Questions
(C) exactly one root of f(x) = 0 (r) (0, 2)
lie in (–2, 4), if p ∈ R Q.1 Let (x, y, z) be points with integer coordinates
(D) 1 lies between the roots of (s) (–3, –1) U (3,5) satisfying the system of homogeneous equations
f(x) = 0, if p ∈ R 3x − y − z = 0, − 3x + z = 0, − 3x + 2y + z = 0 . Then the
number of such points for which x2 + y2 + z2 ≤ 100 is
Q.16 ……… (2009)
Column I Column II Q.2 If x2 ‒ 10ax ‒ 11b = 0 have roots c and d.

x2 ‒ 10cx ‒ 11d = 0 have roots a and b, then find
(A) The minimum value of (p) 2
a + b + c + d. (2006)
6
 1  6 1 
x +  − x + 6  − 2
 x  x  for x>0
2
( ) (
Q.3 If x + a − b x + 1 − a − b = )
0 where a, b, ∈ R, then
 1
3
1 find the values of a for which equation has real and
3
x +  + x + 3 unequal roots for all values of b. (2003)
 x x
(B) The integral values of the parameters c (q) 4 Q.4 Let -1 ≤ p < 1. Show that the equation
for which the inequality 4x3 ‒ 3x ‒ p=0 has a unique root in the interval [1/2, 1]
and identify it, (2001)
 7
1 + log2  2x2 + 2x +  ≥ log2 (cx2 + c)
2

has at least one solution is
2
()
Q.5 Let f x = Ax + Bx + C where, A, B, C, are real
numbers. Prove that if f(x) is an integer whenever x is an
(C) Let P(x) = x2+bx+c, where b and c (r) 6 integer, then the numbers 2A, A + B and C are all integers.
are integers. If P(x) is a factor of both Conversely prove that if the numbers 2A, A + B and C are
x4+6x2+25 and 3x4+4x2+28x5, then the all integers, then f(x) is an integer whenever x is an integer.
value of P(1) equals (1998)
(s) 8
Q.6 Find the set of all solution of the equation
y
2 − 2y −1 − 1= 2y −1 + 1 (1997)
Q.17
Column I Column II
logequation
Q.7 Solve x in the following
2
(
( 2x +3) 6x + 23x + 21 )
(A) α, β are the roots of the equation K (p) 146 (
log( 2x +3) 6x2 + 23x + 21 = ) (
4 − log(3x + 7 ) 4x2 + 12x + 9 )
(x2-x) + x + 5 = 0. If K1 & K2 are the
two values of K for which the roots
=
(
4 − log(3x + 7 ) 4x2 + 12x + 9 ) (1987)
α, β are Connected by the relation Passage Based Questions

(α / β) + (β / α) = 4/5. The value of
Read the following passage and answer the questions.
(K1/K2)+(K2/K1) equals.
(B) If the range of the function (q) 254 Paragraph 1: If a continuous f defined on the real line
x2 + ax + b R, assumes positive and negative values in R, then the
f(x) = is [-5, 4],
x2 + 2x + 3 equation f(x) = 0 has a root in R. For example, If it is
Then, the value of a2 + b2 equals to known that a continuous function f on R is positive at
some point and its minimum value is negative.
Then the equation f(x) = 0 has a root in R. Consider Q.15 Let p and q be real numbers such that p ≠ 0, p³ ≠
()
f=x kex − x for all real x where k is real constant. (2007) q and p³ ≠ –q. If α and β are non-zero complex numbers
3 3
satisfying α +β = –p and α + β = q , then a quadratic
x
Q.8 The line y = x meets y = ke for k ≤ 0 at α β
equation having and as its roots is (2010)
(A) No point (B) One point β α
(C) Two point (D) More than two points ( ) ( ) (

(A) p3 + q x2 − p3 + 2q x + p3 + q =
0 )
Q.9 The positive value of k for which kex − x =0 has ( ) ( ) (
(B) p3 + q x2 − p3 − 2q x + p3 + q =
0 )
only one root is
(A)
1
(B) 1 (C) e (D) loge 2 ( ) ( ) (
(C) p3 − q x2 − 5p3 − 2q x + p3 − q =
0 )
e
Q.10 For k > 0, the set of all values of k for which

( ) ( ) (
(D) p3 − q x2 − 5p3 + 2q x + p3 − q =
0 )
kex − x =0 has two distinct root, is
Q.16 If a, b, c, are the sides of a triangle ABC such that
1
(B)  1 , 1  (C)  1 , ∞ 
    
(A)  0,  (D) (0, 1)
 e e  e  x2 − 2 ( a + b + c ) x + 3 λ ( ab + bc + ca) =0 has real roots,
then (2006)
Q.11 Consider the polynomial f(x) = 1 + 2x + 3x + 4x . 2 3 4 5
(A) λ < (B) λ <
Let s be the sum of all distinct real roots of f(x) and let 3 3
t = |s| . The real numbers s lies in the interval (2010)
(C) λ ∈  4 , 5  (D) λ ∈  1 , 5 
   
 1   3  3 3 3 3
(A)  − ,0  (B)  −11, − 
 4   4
Q.17 If b > a, then the equation (x – a)(x – b) – 1 = 0 has
(C)  − 3 , − 1 
 
(D)  0, 1 
  (2000)
 4 2   4  (A) Both roots in (a, b)
Q.12 The area bounded by the curve y = f(x) and the

( )
(b) Both roots in − ∞ ,a
lines x= 0, y = 0 and x = t, lies in the interval (2010) (C) Both roots in (b + ∞ )
(D) One root in ( − ∞ ,a ) and the other in (b, ∞ )
(A)  3 , 3  (B)  21 , 11 
   
4   64 16 
Q.18 If the roots of the equation x2 − 2ax + a2 + a − 3 =0
 21 
(C) (9, 10) (D)  0,  are real and less than 3, then (1999)
 64 
(A) a < 2 (B) 2 ≤ a ≤ 3 (C) 3 < a ≤ 4 (D) a > 4
Q.13 The function f’(x) is (2010)
Q.19 Let f(x) be a quadratic expression which is positive
 1  1 
(A) Increasing in  −t, −  and Decreasing  − , − t  for all real values of x. If g(x) = f(x) + f’(x) + f’’(x), then
 4  4  for any real x (1990)
(B) Decreasing in  −t, − 1  and Increasing  − 1 , − t 
   
(A) g(x) < 0 (B) g(x) > 0 (C) g(x) = 0 (D) g(x) ≥ 0
 4  4 
(C) Increasing in (–t, t)
Q.20 Let α, β be the roots of the equation x2 − px + r = 0
(D) Decreasing in (–t, t) and be the roots of the equation x2 − qx + r = 0. Then
the value of r is (2007)
Q.14 Let α and β be the roots of x2 ‒ 6x ‒ 2 = 0, with 2 2
n n (A) (p − q)(2q − p) (B) (q − p)(2p − q)
α >β. If an = α − β for n ≥ 1, then the value of 9 9
a10 − 2a8
is. (2011) 2 2
2a9 (C) (q − 2p)(2q − p) (D) (2p − q)(2q − p)
9 9
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
Q.21 Let a, b, c, p, q be real numbers. Suppose α, β are Q.22 Let b = 6, with a and c satisfying (E). If α and β are
1 the roots of the quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0,
the roots of the equation x2 + 2px + q = 0 and α, are ∞ n
β  1 1
the roots of the equation ax2 + 2bx + c = 0, where β2 ∉
then ∑  α + β  is (2011)
n= 0  
{−1, 0, 1}.
6
(A) 6 (B) 7 (C) (D) ∞
Statement-I: (p2 − q) (b2 − ac) ≥ 0 and 7
Statement-II: b ≠ pa or c ≠ qa (2008)
Q.23 A value of b for which the equations
(A) Statement-I is True, statement-II is True; statement-II x2 + bx - 1 = 0
is a correct explanation for statement-I
x2 + x + b = 0,
(B) Statement-I is True, statement-II is True; statement-II
is NOT a correct explanation for statement-I. have one root in common is (2011)
(C) Statement-I is True, statement-II is False (A) − 2 (B) ‒i 3

(D) Statement-I is False, statement-II is True (C) i 5 (D) 2
MASTERJEE Essential Questions
JEE Main/Boards JEE Advanced/Boards
Exercise 1 Exercise 1
Q. 12 Q. 15 Q. 18 Q. 7 Q. 10 Q. 13
Q. 20 Q. 22 Q. 24 Q. 17 Q. 19 Q. 22
Q. 25 Q. 30
Exercise 2
Exercise 2
Q. 3 Q. 8 Q. 9
Q. 5 Q. 9 Q. 12
Q. 11 Q. 14 Q. 17
Q. 16
Q. 2 Q. 5 Q. 6
Q. 5 Q. 6 Q. 8
Q. 15
Q. 13
Answer Key
JEE Main/Boards
Exercise 1
 −16 
−6 −8 −13 Q.15 a ∈  , − 1
Q.3 (i)m = , 1 (ii) m = (iii) m =  7 
5 9 11
Q.4 K = 5 Q.18 x =± 1, ± 1 + 2 ( )
−11 7
Q.6 m = , Q.20 0
8 4
Q.7 qx2 − p ( q + 1 ) x + ( q + 1 ) =
2
0 (
Q.26 −a 1 + 6 ,a 1 + 2) ( )
Q.8 1 ≤ x ≤ 3
Q.27 −7 − 3 5 ≤ a ≤ − 4 + 2 3
Q.10 −1 ≤ x < 1 or 2 < x ≤ 4 2
Q.28 –3
Q.11 α2 β, α β2
 1
−7 98 Q.29 k ∈  0, 
Q.13 (i) 4, (ii) 7,  3
2 3
Exercise 2
Single Correct Choice Type
Q.1 C Q.2 B Q.3 B Q.4 B Q.5 A Q.6 C

Q.7 D Q.8 B Q.9 B Q.10 A Q.11 B Q.12 D
Q.13 C Q.14 D Q.15 A Q.16 B

 2 1
Q.1 k = 2 Q.2 x ∈ ( −2, − 1 ) ∪  − , −  Q.3 x = α2 β, αβ2 Q.6 B Q.7 4
 3 2
Q.8 B Q.9 D Q.10 A Q.11 B Q.12 B Q.13 B
Q.14 B Q.15 A Q.16 D Q.17 C Q.18 C Q.19 B
Q.20 A
JEE Advanced/Boards
Exercise 1
Q.2 a∈ − ∞ , − 1  ;
 
Q.1 a = 2, b = –11, c = 4, d = –1 Q.3 5
 2
Q.4 0 Q.5 0 or 24 Q.6 11
Q.7 x < − 7, − 5 < x ≤ − 2 , x ≥ 4 Q.8 3

Q.9 (a) (ii) and (iv); (b) x2 − p(p 4 − 5p2q+ 5q2 )x + p2 q2 (p2 − 4q)(p2 − q) =
0 Q.10 20
5 +1
Q.11 135 Q.12 10 Q.13 (a) x = ; (b) (a) ymin = 6
2
Q.14 6 Q.15 (A) S; (B) Q,R,S,T (C) R, S ; (D) P Q.16 6
Q.17 (a) x = 1 ; (b) x = 2 or 5 ; (c) x = –1 or 1 (d) x ≥ − 1 or x = –3 ; (e) =

x (1 − 2 ) a or ( )
6 −1 a
Q.18 (a) 3y
3
− 9y 2 − 3y + 1 =0 ; ( α − 2 )( α − 2 )( γ − 2 ) =3 ; (b) (i) 2 ; (ii) – 4 Q.19 3
Q.22 a∈ − 1 , 1 
a= 1 − 2 or 5 + 10  
Q.20 Q.21 P(1) = 4
 4 
Q.23 3 Q.24 115 ( ) ( ) ( )

Q.25 − ∞ , − 2 ∪ 0,1 ∪ 2, 4 ∪ 5, ∞
 1 1 1
Q.26 x ∈ ,  ∪ ( 8, 16 ) Q.27 9
≤ x ≤ 10
 16 8  10
1− 5 1+ 5
Q.28 −1 < x < or < x < 2
2 2
( ) (
Q.29 − ∞ , − 2.5 ∪ 0 , ∞ )
Exercise 2
Q.1 C Q.2 A Q.3 B Q.4 D Q.5 A
Multiple Correct Choice Type
Q.6 B, D Q.7 C, D Q.8 A,B,C Q.9 A, D
Comprehenstion Type
Q.10 A Q.11 B
Assertion Reasoining Type
Q.12 D Q.13 A
Match the Columns
Q.14 A → p,s; B → p, s; C → p, s; D → p, s Q.15 A → q; B → p; C → s; D → r
Q.16 A → r; B → p, q, r, s; C → q Q.17 A → q; B → r; C → p

1
Q.1 7 Q.2 1210 Q.3 a > l { }
Q.6 y ∈ −1 ∪ 1, ∞ ) Q.7 −
4
Q.8 B Q.9 A Q.10 A Q.11 C Q.12 A Q.13 B
Q.14 C Q.15 B Q.16 A Q.17 D Q.18 A Q.19 B
Q.20 D Q.21 B Q.22 B Q.23 B

Solutions
Exercise 1 −8
⇒m=
9
Sol 1: Equation px2 + qx + r =0.
−q (iii) Sum of roots is 6
The sum of roots of a quadratic equation is: .
p −b (4 + 2m)
c −q ⇒ =6⇒ =6 ⇒ 22m =−26
Let roots be = 1 ⇒ r1 + r2 = a 5 + 4m
a p
−13
⇒m=
Given that:- r12 + r22 = r1 + r2 ⇒ (r1 + r2 )2 − 2r1r2 = r1 + r2 11
+r Sol 4: Eq. is 5x2 + 13x + k =0

Product of roots is
= = r1 r2
p 1
2 2
One root is reciprocal of other ⇒ r1 =
 −q  2r −q q 2r −q r2
⇒  − = ⇒ − = c
 p  p p p p
2
p ∴ =1 ⇒ k =5
a
⇒ q2 − 2pr =−qp ⇒ q2 + pq =2pr
Sol 5: Difference of roots is 1
Sol 2: Equation 1 ∴ (r1 − r2 )2 =

⇒ r1 − r2 = 1
(a + b)2 x2 − 2(a2 − b2 )x + (a − b)2 =
0
⇒ (r1 + r2 )2 − 4r1 r2 =
1
2
For an eq. ax + bx + c =0, if roots are equal then b2 =
4ac b2 4c
⇒ −= 1 → (1) ... (i)
a2 a
∴ for above eq.
eq. is x2 − px + q =0
( )
2
D =  −2 a2 − b2  − 4 ( a + b ) ( a − b )
2 2
 
∴ Putting in eq. (i)
= 4(a2 − b2 )2 − 4[(a + b)(a − b)]2
( −p)2
− 4q =1 ⇒ p2 − 4q =1
= 4(a2 − b2 )2 − 4(a2 − b2 )2 = 0 1
Hence the roots are equal. Sol 6: Equations an 3x2 + 4mx + 2 =0

and 2x2 + 3x − 2 =0.
2 2
Sol 3: Eq. is 5x − 4x + 2 + m(4x − 2x − 1) =0 Let the common root be α
⇒ (5 + 4m)x2 − (4 + 2m)x + (2 − m) =
0 ⇒ 3α2 + 4mα + 2 = 0 … (i)
and 2α2 + 3α − 2 = 0 … (ii)
(i) If the eq. has equal roots then b2 − 4ac =
0
Solving equation (ii) we get
⇒ [ −(4 + 2m)]2 − 4(5 + 4m)(2 − m) =0
2α2 + 4α − α − 2= 0 ⇒ (2α − 1)(α + 2)= 0
2
⇒ 4m + 16m + 16 − 4( −4m + 3m + 10) =
0 2 1
∴α = or α = − 2
2
20m2 + 4m − 24 =
0
3 1
5m2 + m − 6 =0 + 2m + 2 =0 (Putting α = )
4 2
11
0 ⇒ m = 1 or m = −6 / 5 .
⇒ (m − 1)(5m + 6) = m= −
8
(ii) Product of roots is 2 and 3 × 4 − 8m + 2 =0 (Putting α = −2 )
c (2 − m) 14 7
⇒ 2
=⇒ =2 ⇒ 9m =−8 ⇒m= =
a 5 + 4m 8 4
Sol 7: α & β are roots of the equation x2 ‒ px + q = 0 ∴ x ∈ ( −∞ ,1) ∪ (2, ∞ )
⇒ α + β = p and αβ = q In the second equation, we have

1 1 x2 − 4x + x − 4 ≤ 0 ; ⇒ (x + 1)(x − 4) ≤ 0
The equations whose roots are α + and β + is
β α
∴ x ∈ [ −1, 4]
  1    1 
 x −  α +  x −  β +  = 0 1
  β    α  m−n =1−
x
 1 1  1  1 ∴ The values of x which satisfies both the equations
⇒ x2 −  α + β + +  x +  α +  β +  = 0
 α β  β  α
= −[( −∞ ,1) ∪ (2, ∞ )] ∩ [ −1, 4] ⇒ x ∈ [ −1,1) ∪ (2, 4]
2  ( α + β)   1 
x −  ( α + β) +  x +  αβ + 2 + =0
 αβ   αβ 
Sol 11: ax2 + bx + c =0 (α and β are roots of this eq.)
 p  1 
⇒ x2 − p +  x + q + + 2 =
0 ⇒ α+β =
−b
& αβ =
c
 q  q  a a
∴ Eq. is qx2 − (pq + p)x + (q2 + 2q + 1) =

0 Given eq. a3 x2 + abcx + c3 =
0
Which is qx2 − p(q + 1)x + (q + 1)2 =

0 ⇒ Let the roots be r & s
−abc −b c
r + s= = ×
4x a 3 a a
Sol 8: ≥1
x2 + 3 = (α + β) × αβ = α2β + αβ2
Since x2 + 3 is positive, we can directly take it to other c3
side. ⇒ rs =
a3 (
= α3β3 )
⇒ 4x ≥ x2 + 3 ∴ We can see here that r = α2β and s = αβ2
2 ∴ The given equation will become
⇒ x − 4x + 3 ≤ 0
⇒ (x − 1)(x − 3) ≤≤=00 (x − α2β)(x − αβ2 ) = 0
The critical points are 1,3

Sol 12: a and b are integer
+ – +
Roots of x2 + ax + b =0 are rational
1 3 Let the roots be α and β putting α in eq.
Hence solution is [1,3] α2 + aα = −b
Sol 9: (x − a)(x − b) − k =0 and c and d are the roots of α(α + a) = −b
the equation a is an integer and b is an integer
The equation with root c and d is (x − c)(x − d) =
0
∴ α has to be an integer
∴(x − c)(x − d) = (x − a)(x − b) − k 2 2
Sol 13: An equation ax + 2hxy + by + 2gx + 2fx + c =0
∴(x − a)(x − b) = (x − c)(x − d) + k can be factorized into two linear factors
⇒ a and b are roots of equation (x − c)(x − d) + k =0 a h g
If h b f = 0 and h2 − ab > 0 .
Sol 10: x2 − 3x + 2 > 0 and x2 − 3x − 4 ≤ 0 g f c
From the first equation, we can write (x − 1)(x − 2) > 0 (i) The expression is 3x2 − xy − 2y 2 + mx + y + 1
+ – + −1 m 1
h= , a = 3, b = –2, g = , f = and c = 1
1 2 2 2 2
And h2 − ab > 0 which is 1 + 6 > 0 true. ⇒ 4y 2 + 8y + 4 − 16y 2 + 32y − 16 ≥ 0

4
1 m ⇒ 12y 2 − 40y + 12 ≤ 0 , ⇒ 3y 2 − 10y + 3 ≤ 0
3 −
2 2
⇒ (3y − 1)(y − 3) ≤ 0
1 1
And − −2 = 0
2 2 1 
∴y ∈  ,3
m 1 3 
1
2 2
Sol 15: (1 + a)x2 − 3ax + 4a =
0
 1  1  1 m m 1 
⇒ 3  −2 −  +  − −  +  − + m  =0
 4 2 2 4  2  4  Let f ( x ) =( a + 1 ) x2 − 3ax + 4a and d = 1.
22 (m + 2 ) m ( 4m − 1 ) The roots exceed unity

⇒ − − + 0
=
4 8 8
⇒ −54 − m − 2 + 4m2 − m =0 ⇒ 4m2 − 2m − 56 =

0, ⇒
1
2 or
2
0 , ⇒ 2m − 8m + 7m − 28 =
0 1
⇒ 2m − m − 28 =
−7
⇒ ( 2m + 7 )(m − 4 ) =
0, ⇒ m = ,4 The conditions are
2
(ii) 6x2 − 7xy − 3y 2 + mx + 17y − 20 (i) D ≥ 0
−7 m 17 (i) 9a2 − 16a(1 + a) ≥ 0

⇒ a = 6, h = , b = −3 ⇒ g = , f= , c = −20
2 2 2
⇒ 9a2 − 16a − 16a2 ≥ 0 , ⇒ 7a2 + 16a ≤ 0
2
 −7   −16 
And h2 − ab > 0 which is   + 18 > 0 True. a(7a + 16) ≤ 0 a ∈  ,0 
 2   7 
−7 m
6 (ii) a f (d) > 0
2 2
−7 17 Note that this a is the co-efficient of x2 and not to be
and −3 0
=
2 2 confused with 'a
m 17 ⇒ (1 + a)(1 + a − 3a + 4a) > 0
−20
2 2
⇒ (1 + a)(2a + 1) > 0
 289  7  17m  m  −119 3m   −1 
⇒ 6  60 −  +  70 − +  + =0 ∴ a ∈ ( −∞ , −1) ∪  , ∞ 
 4  2 4  2 4 2   2 
⇒ 12 ( −49 ) + 7 ( 280 − 17m) + m ( −119 + 6m) =
0 −b 3a
(iii) >d⇒ >1
2a 2(1 + a)
6m2 − 238 m + 1272 =
0
3a a−2
⇒ −1 > 0 ⇒ >0
98 2(1 + a) (a + 1)
∴m =
7, are solutions of this equation of this
3
equation + – +
–1 –2
2
x − 2x + 4
Sol 14: =y ∴ a ∈ ( −∞ , −1) ∪ (2, ∞ )
x2 + 2x + 4
So taking intersection to all 3 solutions
x2 (1 − y) − x(2 + 2y) + 4(1 − y) =
0
 −16 
a∈  , −1
Since x is real ∴ b2 − 4ac ≥ 0  7 
⇒ (2 + 2y)2 − 16(1 − y)2 ≥ 0
Sol 16: P(x) = ax2 + bx + c and Q(x) =

−ax2 + bx + c When x > 0
P(x).Q(x) = 0 x2 − 2 x =x2 − 2x
⇒ (ax2 + bx + c)( −ax2 + bx + c) =

0 ⇒ x2 − 2x − 1 =0 or x2 − 2x + 1 =0
⇒ D of P(x) = b2 – 4ac
2+2 2
=⇒x = or x 1
⇒ D of Q(x) = b + 4ac 2
2
Clearly both cannot be less than zero at the same time. When x < 0
Hence the equation has at least 2 real roots x2 − 2 x =x2 + 2x
Sol 17: We have ax2 + 2bx + c =0 ⇒ x2 + 2x − 1 =0 or x2 + 2x + 1 =0
−2b c −2 − 2 2
⇒ α=
+β ,=
αβ ⇒x= or x = −1
a a 2
2
For equation Ax + 2Bx + c =0 ( ) (
The values of x are −1, −1 − 2 ,1, 1 + 2 )
−2B b B Sol 19:
⇒ (α + β) + 2k = , ⇒k = −
A a A LHS = (x − 2)(x − 3) − 8(x − 1)(x − 3) + 9(x − 1)(x − 2)
C C
Also, ( α + k )( β + k ) = , ⇒ k 2 + (α + β)k + αβ = = x2 − 5x + 6 − 8x2 + 32x − 24 + 9x2 − 27x + 18 = 2x2
A A
2
 b B   −2b  b B  c C Which is always equal to RHS no matter what the value
⇒ −  +  −  + =
 a A   a  a A  a A of x
 b B  b B  c C ∴ The equation is an identify

⇒  −  − −  + =
 a A  a A  a A 2
 x2   x2 
B2 b2 c C B2 C b2 c Sol 20: (1 + a)   − 3a   + 4a =
0
 x2 + 1   x2 + 1 
⇒ − + = ⇒ − = −    
A2 a2 a A A2 A a2 a x2
Let y = ⇒ x2 (1 − y) − y = 0
B2 − AC b2 − ac b2 − ac  a 
2 x2 + 1
∴ =⇒ = 
A2 a2 B2 − AC  A  Since x is real, ⇒ 4y(1 − y) ≥ 0
∴ y ∈ [0, 1]
( ) ( )
t t
Sol 18: We have 15 + 4 14 + 15 − 4 14 30
=
∴ The given equation becomes (1 + a)y 2 − 3a(y) + 4a =
0
t x2 − 2 x
and =
where the roots of equation should be between (0 & 1)
( )
t
Let 15 + 4 14 y
=
0 1
1 or
⇒y+ =30 0 1
y
30 ± 896
⇒ y 2 − 30y + 1 =0 ⇒y= These conditions should be satisfied
2
2 (i) D≥0
y 15 ±
⇒= 224 ⇒ =
y 15 ± 4 14
2 ∴ 9a2 − 16a(a + 1) ≥ 0 ⇒ 7a2 + 16a ≤ 0
(15 + 4 14 )
t
15 ± 4 14
=  −16 
∴a∈  ,0 
∴ t =1 or t =−1  7 
af(d) > 0 & af(e) > 0 Sol 22: From condition of common root
(ii) (1 + a)f(0) ≥ 0 ⇒ (1 + a)4a ≥ 0 (ca1 − ac1 )2 = (2bc1 − 2b1c)(2ab1 − 2a1b)

2
∴ a ∈ ( −∞ , −1] u [0, ∞ )  c a b c   a b 
2
(a1c1 )  − =  4b1c1  −  a1b1  −  …(i)
and (1 + a)f(1) > 0 ⇒ (1 + a)(2a + 1) > 0  c1 a1   b1 c1   a1 b1 
a b c
1 , , are in AP
∴ a ∈ ( −∞ , −1] ∪ [ − , ∞ ) a1 b1 c1
2
−b Let the difference be d.
(iii) d ≤ < e as the range is from [0,1]
2a
 c a
3a  − 

0≤ ≤1 b a c b c a1  … (ii)
2(1 + a) ∴ − = − =d = 1
b1 a1 c1 b1 2
3a 3a
⇒ ≥0& −1 < 0
2(1 + a) 2(1 + a) Using (i) and (ii)
a−2 ∴ (a1c1 )2 × 4d=

2
4a1c1b12 × d2
⇒ <0
2(a + 1)
∴ b12 =
a1c1
+ – +
a1, b1, c1 are in G.P.
-1 0
a ∈ ( −∞ , −1)u(0, ∞ )
α α1 β β1
Sol 23: = ⇒ =
+ – + β β1 α α1
a∈
-1 2
2 2
α β α1 β1 α2 + β2 α1 + β1
a ∈ ( −1,2) + = + ⇒ =
β α β1 α1 αβ α1β1
∴ a ∈ (0,2)
2
α2 + β2 α12 + β12 (α + β)2 (α1 + β1 )
Taking intersection at all 3 possibilities a=0 is the only ⇒ = +2 +2 ⇒ =
αβ α1β1 αβ α1β1
possible solution.
( −b / a) ( −b1 / a1 )
2 2
2
Sol 21: (l − m)x + lx + 1 =0 ⇒ =
c/a c1 / a1
Let one root be α: other root = 2α
2
l l b2 b12 b  ca
2α
⇒ α += ⇒=
α ⇒ = ⇒   =
m−l 3(m − l) ac a1c1  b1  c1a1
l
2α2 = (Product of roots) Sol 24: α is root of equation ax2 + bc + c =0
l−m
2
⇒ aα 2 + bα + c = 0
2l 1
⇒ =
9(m − l) 2 (l − m) Similarly −aβ2 + bβ + c = 0
2 ax2
⇒ 2l= 9(l − m) Let f(x) = + bx + c
2
2
⇒ 2l − (9)l + 9m =
0
aα 2 −aα2
f(=
α) + bα =
+c
2 2
The roots are real ⇒ b2 − 4ac ≥ 0
aβ2 3aβ2
9 f(=
β) + bβ +=
c
81 − 8 × 9m ≥ 0 ⇒ m ≤ 2 2
8
−3a2 2 2
∴ f(α ). f(
= β) α β <0
4
∴ By mean value theorem, there exists a root of f(x) Sol 27: x2 + ax + a2 + 6a < 0 is satisfied for all x ∈ (1, 2)
between α and β
∴ (1 and 2 exists between the roots)
2
Sol 25: Given, ax + bx + c − p =0 for two distinct α & β ∴ Bring condition for the given case.
f(1) × 1 < 0 & f(2) × 1 < 0

∴ α and β are root of eqn
ax2 + bx + (c − p) =
0 ∴ a2 + 7a + 1 < 0 & a2 + 8a + 4 < 0
−b c −p −7 − 3 5
∴α + β = & αβ = Solving we get ≤ a ≤ −4 + 2 3
a a 2
To prove ax2 + bx + c − 2p ≠ 0 for any integral value of x,
let us assume these exist integer R satisfying Sol 28: Given that, 2x3 + x2 − 7 =0
−1 −7
ax2 + bx + c − 2p =0 For roots, α + β=
+γ γα 0 & αβγ =
αβ + βα +=
2 2
⇒ ak 2 + bk + c − 2p =0 α β
For ∑  + 
k 2 + bk c − p p β α
or + =
a a a α α  β β  γ γ 
=  + + 1 +  + + 1 +  + + 1 − 3
p β γ  α γ  α β 
or (k − α )(k − β) ==an integer
a
p
Since p is a prime number ⇒ is an integer if a=p or
∑ αβ ∑ αβ ∑ αβ
a = + + − 3 =0 − 3 =−3
a=1 but a > 1 ∴ a = p βγ αγ γβ
⇒ (k – α) (k – β) = 1
Sol 29: (x − 3k)(x − (k + 3)) < 0
∴ either k – α = –1 and k – β = –1
⇒ α = β (not possible)
1 3
∴ There is contradiction
k+3 3k
Sol 26: We are given that a ≤ 0 and

⇒ f(1) < 0 andf(3) < 0
x2 − 2a x − a − 3a2 =0
(using condition to given are)
for x > a
(1 − 3k)(1 − (k + 3)) < 0 and ( 3 − 3k )( −k ) < 0
Equation becomes x2 − 2ax − a2 =
0
 1
2a ± 8a2 ∴ k ∈  −2,  & k ∈(0,1)
∴x =  3
2
 1
= a ± a 2 but since x > a & a < 0 ∴ k ∈ 0, 
 3
( )
∴ a 1 − 2 is the only solution
For x < a
Exercise 2
2 2
Eqn becomes x + 2ax − 5a =
0
−2a ± 24a2
⇒ x= =−a±a 6
2 Sol 1: (C) Given that a2 + b2 + c2 = 1
But since x < a We know that
∴a ( )
6 − 1 is the only possible solution. (a + b +c)2 = a2 + b2 + c2 + 2 (ab + bc + ca)
⇒ (a +b +c)2 = 1 + 2 (ab + bc + ca)
(a + b + c )2 − 1 1
⇒ ab + bc + ca = …(i) Sol 5: (A) α − 2 =
2 α
Also, 2(a2 + b2 + c2) – 2ab – 2bc –2ac ⇒ α2 − 2α − 1 = 0 ⇒ b = −2 , c = −1
= (a – b)2 + (b – c)2 + (c – a)2 ∴ b2 + c2 + bc =( −2)2 + ( −1)2 + ( −2 )( −1 ) =7

Now, (a – b)2 + (b – c)2 + (c – a)2 > 0
∴ ab +bc + ca < a2 + b2 + c2 < 1 Sol 6: (C) a + b + c = 0
−1 D of eq. = 25b2 − 84ac= 25(a + c)2 − 84ac
Here, min (ab + bc + ac) =
2
= 25c2 − 34ac + 25a2
Max (ab + bc + ac) = 1
  c 2 c 
= a  25   − 34   + 25 
2
Sol 2: (B) P(x) = ax2 + bx + c  a a 
 
D(P) = b2 ‒ 4ac D2 of this eq. < 0
2
If D(P) < 0 ⇒ 4ac > b
∴ The eq. is always positive when a ≠ 0
If D(Q) < 0 ⇒ 4ac < –d ⇒ D(P) > 0 2
∴ At least one of P and Q is real. Sol 7: (D) One root is α ∴ The other root = −α
Let third root = β
∴ P(x) & Q(x) = 0 has atleast 2 real roots
⇒ α − α + β= 2 ⇒ β= 2
2
Sol 3: (B) Given that x + 3x + 1 =0
Putting this value in the given equation
For roots, α + β = −3 αβ = 1
23 − 23 + 2a + 10 =0 ⇒ a =−5
2 2
 α   β  [α(α + 1)]2 + [β(β + 1)]2 ∴ a ∈ ( −10,0)
  +  = 2
1 + β  α +1 (α + 1) (β + 1)2
( (α ) Sol 8: (B) x=
+ 1 log2 (2x + 3)2 − 2log(1980 − 2− x )
2
2
+ α ) + (β2 + β) − 2αβ(α + 1)(β + 1)
=
(αβ + α + β + 1)2 (2x + 3)2
⇒ 2x +1 =
1980 − 2− x
2
(α + β)2 − 2αβ + (α + β) − 2αβ(αβ + α + β + 1)
=  ⇒ 1980 × 2 × 2x − 2= (2x + 3)2
(αβ + α + β + 1)2
Let 2x = t
[9 − 2 − 3]2 − 2 × 1( −3 + 2) ⇒ t2 + 6t + 11 + 1980 × 2t =
0
= = 16 + 2 = 18
2
(1 − 3 + 1)
Now 2α × 2β =
11
⇒ 2α+β= 11 ⇒ α + β= log2 11
Sol 4: (B) ax2 + bx + c =0
a > 0, b > 0 & c > 0 Sol 9: (B) Product of H.C.F. & L.C.M. of two numbers =
product of the nos
−b ± b2 − 4ac
⇒α=
2a ∴ 16 × LCM =
295680
If α is real ⇒ b2 − 4ac < b 295680

∴ LCM
= = 18480
16
∴ α is negative
If b2 − 4ac < 0 then real part of α is always negative
∴ The roots have negative real parts

Sol 10: (A) Given that 4y 2 + 4xy + x + 6 =0 Sol 13: (C) (x3 + 4x)2 = 82
y = real ⇒ b2 − 4ac ≥ 0 ⇒ x6 + 16x2 + 8x4 = 64;

Mulitiply both sides by x
⇒ 16x2 − 16(x + 6) ≥ 0
⇒ x7 + 16x3 + 8x4 = 64;
x2 − x − 6 ≥ 0 ⇒ (x − 3)(x + 2) ≥ 0
Add 16x3 in both sides
∴x ≤ −2 or x ≥ 3 ⇒ x7 + 8x5 + 32x3 = 16x3 + 64;
Sol 11: (B) If exactly one root lies in (0, 3) (as interval ⇒ x7 + 8x2(x3 + 4x) = 16(x3 + 4x);
is open) ⇒ x7 + 8x2 × 8 = 16 × 8;
⇒ f(0)f(3) < 0 ⇒ x7 + 64x2 = 128
∴ 2a(6 − a) < 0
Sol 14: (D) Given equations have real roots so,
⇒ a ∈ ( −∞ ,0) ∪ (6, ∞ )
a2 − 8b ≥ 0 ⇒ a2 ≥ 8b and 4b2 − 4a ≥ 0 ∴ ⇒ b2 ≥ a
Now we check at boundaries
⇒ b 4 ≥ a2 ≥ 8b
At a = 0 ⇒ x – x = 0
2
⇒ b≥2 & a≥4

∴ Other root = 1 which lies in (0, 3)
Hence, (a + b)min = 2 + 4 = 6
∴ Now at a = 6, ⇒ f(x) = x2 − 7x + 12 = 0
⇒ x = 3, 4 Sol 15: (A) (x 2 + ax + 1)(3x2 + ax − 3) =

0
No root lies in (0, 3) D=
1 a2 − 4
∴ a ∈ ( −∞ ,0] ∪ (6, ∞ ) D= a2 + 36
2
D2 is always > 0
Sol 12: (D) x2 − 2mx + m2 − 1 =0
∴ The equation has atleast two real roots.
Since both roots lies between (–2, 4)
−b
⇒ D ≥ 0 af(d) > 0 & af(e) > 0 and d < <e Sol 16: (B) f(x) = x2 + ax + b
2a
2 2
(i) ⇒ 4m − 4(m − 1) ≥ 0 For X ∈ [0, 2]
4 ≥ 0 ....true f(x)max = 3 and f(x)min = 2

f(0) = b = 2 ... (i)
(ii) 1. f( −2) > 0
⇒ (4 + 4m + m2 − 1) > 0 f(2) = 4 + 2a + b = 3 ... (ii)
By solving (i) and (ii)
⇒ m ∈ ( −∞ , −3) ∪ ( −1, ∞ )
3
a= − ; b=2
(iii) 1.f(4) > 0 2
⇒ (16 − 8m + m2 − 1) > 0
⇒ m ∈ ( −∞ ,3) ∪ (5, ∞ )
⇒− 2 <
−b
< 4 ⇒ −2 < m < 4
(
Sol 1: (i) Given x2 − 8kx + 16 k 2 − k + 1 =)
0
2a
D
Now, = 64 {k − (k − k + 1=
2 2
)} 64 (k − 1 ) > 0
Combining all the above three conditions, we get
∴ m ∈ ( −1,3) ∴k > 1
b 8k
∴ Integral values of m are 0, 1, 2 (ii) − >4⇒ > 4⇒k >1
2a 2
(iii) f(4) ≥ 0
( )
⇒ x x − α2β − αβ2 x + α2β = 0 ( )
( 2
)
16 – 32k + 16 k − k + 1 ≥ 0 ⇒ k − 3k + 2 ≥ 0 2
a3 x2 + abcx + c3 =
0
⇒ (k – 2)(k – 1) ≥ 0
⇒ x = α2β, α β2 which is the required answer.
⇒ k ≤ 1 or k ≥ 2 Hence, k = 2.
b c
2x 1 Sol 4: Since α + β = − , αβ = and
Sol 2: Given > a a
2x2 + 5x − 2 x +1
B C
α+δ+β+δ = − , ( α + δ )( β + δ ) =
2x 1 A A
⇒ − >0;
( 2x + 1 ) ( x + 2) ( x + 1 ) Now, α − β = ( α + δ ) − (β + δ )
( ) (
a1 x2 + b1 x + c1 y + a2 x2 + b2 x + c2 =
0 ) 2
⇒ ( α − β ) = ( α + δ ) − ( β + δ ) 
2
x ( a1 y + a2 ) + x (b1 y + b2 ) + ( c1 y + c2 ) =
2
0
2
⇒ ( α + β ) − 4αβ= ( α + δ ) − ( β + δ )  − 4 ( α + δ ) . ( β + δ )
2
− ( 3x + 2 )
⇒ >0
( 2x + 1)( x + 1)( x + 2)  b 4c  B 
2
4C
2
⇒ −  − = −  −
 a a  A A
Using number line rule
b2 4c B2 4C b2 − 4ac B2 − 4AC
 2 1 ⇒ − = − ⇒ =
∴ x ∈ ( −2, − 1 ) ∪  − , −  a2 a A2 A a2 A2
 3 2
Sol 5: From figure it is clear that if a > 0, then f(– 1) < 0
Sol 3: Since ax2 + bx + c =0 in terms of α , β . and f(1) < 0, if a < 0, f(–1) > 0 and f(1) > 0. In both cases,
⇒ α + β = −b / a and α β =c / a af(–1)< 0 and af(–1) < 0
⇒ a (a – b + c) < 0 and a (a + b + c) < 0
Now, a3 x2 + abc x + c3 =
0 ………(i)
On dividing by a2, we get
On dividing the equation by c2 , we get
b c b c
a3 2 abcx c3 1− + < 0 and 1 + + < 0
x + + 0
= a a a a
c2 c2 c2
On combining both, we get
2
 ax   ax 
⇒ a  + b   + c =0 y
 c   c 
a<0
2
y=ax +bx+c
ax
⇒ = α , β are the roots -1 1
c 0
x
y
c c a>0
⇒ x = α , β are the roots
a a 2
y=ax +bx+c
⇒ x = α β α , α ββ are the roots -1 0 1
⇒ x = α2 β, α β2 are the roots

b c b c
Alternate solution 3
1± + < 0 ⇒ 1+ + < 0
b c c a a a a
2
Divide the Eq. (i) by a3 , we get x + . x +   =
0
a a a
Sol 6: (B) Given x2 + 2px + q =0
⇒ x − ( α + β ) . ( αβ ) x + ( αβ ) = 0
2 3
∴ α + β = − 2p … (i)
⇒ x − α βx − αβ x + ( αβ ) = 0
2 2 2 3
αβ = q … (ii)

and ax2 + 2bx + c = 0 ⇒ (x – 1)(x – 4) = 0

1 −2b
∴ α+ =− ... (iii) ⇒ x = 1, 4(4 is rejected)
β a
α c ⇒ x = 1 … (ii)
and = … (iv)
β a Hence, the sum of the roots is 3 + 1 = 4
(
Now, p2 − q b2 − ac )( ) Alternate solution
 1
2  2
  α + β 2 
 α+ β  Given x − 2 + x − 2 − 2 =0
 α
 −  a2
=   − αβ  
 −2 

  −2 
 
β

( ) (
⇒ x − 2 + 2 + x − 2 −1 =
0 )

   ∴ x − 2 =−2, 1 (neglecting – 2)
α2 2 1
2 ⇒ x−2 =
1
=
16
( α − β)  α −  ≥ 0
β
 ⇒ x = 3, 1
∴ Statement-I is true. ⇒ Sum of roots = 4
a
Again now pa = − (α + β) Sol 8: (B) If a1 x2 + b1 x + c1 =
0 and a2 x2 + b2 x + c2 =
0
2
Have a common real root, then
a 1
and b = −  α +  Since, pa ≠ b
⇒ ( a1c2 − a2c1 ) = (b1c2 − b2c1 )( a1b2 − a2b1 )
2
2 β
1 x2 + bx − 1 =0 
⇒ α + ≠ α + β ⇒ β2 ≠ 1, β ≠ {−1, 0, 1} ∴
2
 have a common root.
β x + x +b = 0 
which is correct. Similarly, if c ≠ qa ⇒ (1 + b ) =

2
(b 2
)
+ 1 (1 − b )
α  1
⇒a ≠ a αβ; ⇒ α  β −  ≠ 0 ⇒ α ≠ 0 ⇒ b2 + 2b + 1 = b2 − b3 + 1 − b
β  β
⇒ b3 + 3b =
0
1
and β − ≠ 0 ⇒ β ≠ {−1,0,1}
β (
∴ b b2 + 3 =
0 )
Statement-II is true.
⇒ b = 0, ± 3 i
2
Sol 7: Given, x − 2 + x − 2 − 2 =0
Sol 9: (D) The equation x2 − px + r = 0 has roots α , β
Case I when x ≥ 2 and the equation
α
⇒ (x − 2)2 + (x − 2) − 2 =0 x2 − qx + r =0 has roots , 2 β .
2
α
⇒ x2 + 4 – 4x + x – 2 – 2 = 0 ⇒ r = αβ and α + β = p , and + 2 β =q
2
⇒ x2 – 3x = 0 ⇒ x(x – 3)= 0
2q − p 2 ( 2p − q)
⇒β= and α =
⇒ x = 0, 3 (0 is rejected) 3 3
2
⇒ x = 3 … (i) ⇒ α β= r =
9
( 2q − p ) ( 2p − q)
Case II when x < 2.
Sol 10: (A) Let the roots of x2 + px + q =0 be α and α2.
{ } − ( x − 2) − 2 =0
2
⇒ − ( x − 2)
⇒ α + α2 = −p ; and α3 =q
⇒ ( x − 2) − x + 2 − 2 =
2
0 ⇒ x2 + 4 – 4x – x = 0
⇒ α ( α + 1 ) = −p
⇒ x2 – 4x – 1 (x – 4) = 0 ⇒ x(x – 4) – 1(x – 4) = 0
{ }
⇒ α3 α3 + 1 + 3 α ( α + 1 ) = −p3 (cubing both sides) ⇒ x = 5 [∴ x = 2 make log (x – 3) undefined].
Hence, one solution exits.
⇒ q (q + 1 – 3p) = −p3
⇒ p3 − ( 3p − 1 ) q + q2 =
0 Sol 14: (B) Given c < 0 < b
Since α + β = −b ... (i)
Sol 11: (B) As we know ax2 + bx + c > 0 for all x ∈R , if
a > 0 and D < 0 and α β =c ... (ii)
Given equation is From Eq. (ii), c < 0 ⇒ αβ < 0
x2 + 2ax + (10 − 3a) > 0, ∀ x ∈ R Now, ⇒ Either α is – ve, β is + ve or α is + ve,
⇒ 4a2 − 4 (10 − 3a) < 0 Or β is – ve
(
⇒ 4 a2 + 3a − 10 < 0 ) From Eq. (i), b > 0 ⇒ − b < 0 ⇒ α + β < 0
⇒ (a + 5) (a – 2) < 0 ⇒ The sum is negative.
⇒ a ∈ (–5,2) ⇒ Modulus of negative quantity is > modulus of

positive quantity but α < β is given.
Sol 12: (B) Given x2 − x + 2 + x > 0 ... (i) Therefore, it is clear that α is negative and β is positive

and modulus of α is greater than
Case I when x + 2 ≥ 0
Modulus of
∴ x2 − x − 2 + x > 0
β⇒α<0<β< α
⇒ x2 − 2 > 0
Note: This question is not on the theory of interval in
⇒ x < − 2 or x > 2
which root lie, which appears looking at
⇒ x ∈ x  −2, − 2 ∪
 ) ( 2, ∞ ) ... (ii) First sight. It is new type and first time asked in the
paper. It is important for future. The actual
Case II when x + 2 < 0
Type is interval in which parameter lie.
∴ x2 + x + 2 + x > 0
⇒ x2 + 2x + 2 > 0 Sol 15: (A) Since x + 1 − x − 1= 4x − 1

⇒ ( x + 1) + 1 > 0
2
⇒ ( x + 1 ) + ( x − 1 ) − 2 x2 − 1 = 4x − 1
Which is true for all x. 2 2
2x 2 x2 − 1 ⇒ 1 + 4x − 4x= 4x − 4
⇒ 1 −=
∴ x ≤ − 2 or x ∈ ( − ∞ , − 2 ) ... (iii) 5
⇒ 4x = 5 ⇒x=
From Eqs. (ii) and (iii), we get 4
But it does not satisfy the given equation.
(
x ∈ − ∞, − 2 ∪ ) ( 2, ∞ ) Hence, no solution exists.
Sol 13: (B) Given Sol 16: (D) Let α and 4β be roots of x2 – 6x + a = 0 and
α, 3β be the roots of x2 – cx + 6 = 0, then
log4 ( x −=
1 ) log2 ( x −=
3) log ( x − 3)
41/2
α + 4β = 6 and 4αβ = a
⇒ log4 ( x=
− 1 ) 2log4 ( x − 3)
α + 3β = c and 3αβ = 6.
⇒ log4 ( x −=
1 ) log4 ( x − 3)
2
We get αβ = 2 ⇒ a = 8
⇒ ( x − 3) =x − 1 ⇒ x2 − 7x + 10 =
2
0 So the first equation is x2 – 6x + 8 = 0 ⇒ x = 2, 4
⇒ ( x − 2) ( x − 5) =
0 ⇒ x = 2 or x = 5 If α = 2 and 4β = 4 then 3β = 3
If α = 4 and 4β = 2, then 3β = 3/2 (non-integer) 2

 −q  4r q2 − 4pr
∴ Common root is x = 2. =   −=
 p  p |p|
Sol 17: (C) bx2 + cx + a =0

16r 2 + 36r 2 2 13
Roots are imaginary ⇒ c -4ab < 0 ⇒ c < 4ab=
2 2 =
| −9r | 9
⇒ c2 > -4ab
3b2 x2 +6bcx + 2c2 Sol 20: (A) x2 + 2x + 3 = 0 ... (i)
since 3b2 >0 ax + bx + c = 0

2
... (ii)
Since equation (i) has imaginary roots
Given expression has minimum value
So equation (ii) will also have both roots same as (i).
4(3b2 )(2c2 ) − 36b2c2
Minimum value = a b c
4(3b2 ) Thus, = = ⇒ a =λ ,b =λ 2 ,c =λ3
1 2 3
12b2c2
=− = −c2 > −4ab Hence 1 : 2 : 3
2
12b
Sol 18: (C) x2 – 6x – 2 = 0

an = αn − βn JEE Advanced/Boards
a10 − 2a8 α10 − β10 − 2(α8 − β8 ) Exercise 1
=
2a9 2(α9 − β9 )
Sol 1: f(x) = x2 + ax + b
8 2 8 2 9 9
α (α − 2) − β (β − 2) 6α − 6β α+β 6
= = = = 3
9 9
2(α − β ) 9 9
2(α − β ) 2 2 One root is
2+ 3
4+3 3
= (
4+3 3 2− 3 )( ) =−1 + 2 3
∴ The other root is −1 − 2 3
Sol 19: (B)  p, q, r are in AP Sum of roots = –a = – 2
2q = p + r ... (i) ⇒a=2

b
1 1 Product = = ( −1 + 2 3)( −1 − 2 3) =
1 − 12 =
−11
Also, + =4 1
α β
∴ g(x) = x 4 + 2x3 − 10x2 + 4x − 10
α+β
⇒ 4
= = x 4 + 2x3 − 11x2 + x2 + 2x − 11 + 1 + 2x
αβ
= x2 f(x) + f(x) + 2x + 1
q
−
p 4+3 3
= =
r
4⇒q=−4r
g
 2+ 3 
 
(
 = x2 × 0 + 0 + 2 −1 + 2 3 = )
+1 4 3 −1
p ….(ii)
From (i) ∴ c = 4 & d = −1
2(–4r) = p + r ax2 + 2(a + 1)x + 9a + 4

Sol 2: f(x) =
p = – 9r x2 − 8x + 32
q = – 4r x2 − 8x + 32 is always positive as a > 0 & b2 − 4ac < 0

r=r ∴ For f(x) to be always negative
Now | α − β=| (α + β)2 − 4αβ ax2 + 2(a + 1)x + (9a + 4) < 0 for all x
⇒ a < 0 & b2 − 4ac < 0

2
∴ 2(a + 1) − 4a(9a + 4) < 0 Q(x) = ax2 + cx + b ( β & 3 are roots)
4(a2 + 2a + 1) − 36a2 − 16a < 0 −b c

−2
⇒ α= &−
= 2α
a a
⇒ 32a2 + 8a − 4 > 0 ⇒ 8a2 + 2a − 1 > 0
−c b
and=
β+3 & 3β
=
⇒ 8a2 + 4a − 2a − 1 > 0 ⇒ (4a − 1)(2a + 1) > 0 a a
 −1   1  ∴ 3β= 2 − α and 3 + β = 2α
∴ a ∈  −∞ ,  ∪  , ∞  but a is a < 0
 2  4 
1 3 11 α
⇒ β= and α = 2 − = ⇒ = 11
 −1  7 7 7 β
∴ a ∈  −∞ , 
 2 
Sol 7: (log|x + 6| 2)log2 (x2 − x − 2) ≥ 1
2
Sol 3: x + 2(a + b)x + (a − b + 8) =0
⇒ log|x + 6| (x2 − x − 2) ≥ 1
Since the equation has unequal roots
| x + 6 |≠ 1 ⇒ x ≠ −5, −7
b2 − 4ac > 0
When | x + 6 | > 1 ⇒ x ∈ ( −∞ , −7) ∪ ( −5, ∞ )
⇒ 4(a + b)2 − 4(a − b + 8) > 0
x2 − x − 2 > | x + 6 |
⇒ a2 + 2ab + b2 − a + b − 8 > 0 when x ∈ ( −5, ∞ )
2 2
a + (2b − 1)a + (b + b − 8) > 0 ⇒ x2 − x − 2 > x + 6 ⇒ x2 − 2x − 8 > 0
Now the quadratic in a always > 0 ⇒ x ∈ ( −∞ , −2) ∪ (4, ∞ )
Discriminant should be less than 0 ∴ x ∈ ( −5, −2) ∪ (4, ∞ )
2 2
∴ (2b − 1) − 4(b + b − 8) < 0 when x ∈ ( −∞ , −7)
−4b + 1 − 4b + 32 < 0 ⇒ x2 − x − 2 > −x − 6 ⇒ x2 + 4 > 0
33
⇒ b> ⇒ x ∈ ( −∞ , −7)
8
∴ The smallest natural number for b is 5 when x ∈ ( −7, −5)
x2 − x − 2 ≤ | x + 6 |
Sol 4: When y 2 + my + 2 is divided by (y − 1) the
x2 − 2x − 8 ≤ 0 when x ∈ ( −5, −6)
remainder = f(1) = 1 + m + 2 = 3 + m
Similarly R 2 =g( −1) =3 − m ⇒ x ∈ ( −2, +4) ⇒ no possible value of x
if R1 = R 2 ⇒ m = 0 When x ∈ ( −7, −5)
x2 − x − 2 ≤ −x − 6 ⇒ x2 + 4 ≤ 0 ⇒ not possible
Sol 5: x2 − 11x + m =
0 and x2 − 14x + 2m =
0
∴ x ∈ ( −7, −∞ ) ∪ ( −5, −2) ∪ (4, ∞ )
Let α be the common root

2 2 Sol 8: V1= sin θî + cos θˆj
Let α − 11α + m = 0 and α − 14α + 2m = 0

∴ 3α − m = 0 ⇒ α =
m
. Substituting V2 = î + ˆj + 2 kˆ
3  
angel between V1 & V2 =α = π / 3
2 m2 8m
⇒ m − 11m + m =
0 ⇒ − 0
=
9 3 9 3 sin θ + cos θ
cos α =
for m = 0, 24 the equations have common roots.
1×2
⇒ sin θ + cos θ = 1
2
Sol 6: p(x) = ax + bx + c ( α & − 2 are roots) 1×2 2
⇒ sin θ + cos θ =1 ⇒ x ∈ ( −∞ , −15) ∪ ( −3, ∞ ) and also x2 + 18x + 30 > 0

π ∴ The product of the real roots = 20
The value of θ ∈ [0,2π] are 0, ,2π
2
∴ No. of values of θ are 3
x2 + ax + 4
Sol 11: f(x) =
x2 + bx + 16
Sol 9: (a) A function is symmetric it when we replace α
by β & β by α the function remains same for f(x) > 0 both x2 + ax + 4 > 0 & x2 + bx + 16 > 0
(i) f(β, α ) = β2 − α ≠ f(α , β) (not symmetric) ⇒ D ≤ 0 for first and D < 0 for second eqn denominator
2 2 2 2
(ii) f(β, α ) = β α + βα =α β + β α = f(α , β) can’t be 0.
β n α a ∈ [ −4, 4] & b ∈ ( −8,8)

(iii) f(β, α ) = n =− ≠ f(α , β)
α β
∴ The possibly integral solution of (a, b) are 9× 15 =
135
(not symmetric)
(iv) f(β, α ) = cos(β − α ) = cos(α − β) = f(α , β) Sol 12: f ( 0 ) .f (1 ) < 0

f(x) = 9x – 12ax + 4 – a2
∴ Symmetric
f(0) = 4 – a2
2
(b) α & β are roots of x − px + q
f(1) = 13 – 12a – a2
β p& αβ
⇒ α += = q
f(0)f(1) = (a – 2)(a + 2)(a + 13)(a – 1) < 0
⇒ R1 = (α2 − β2 )(α3 − β3 )
a ∈ (-13, -2) ∪ (1, 2)
⇒ [(α + β)2 − 4αβ](α + β)(α + β2 ) − αβ) Number of integers = 10
⇒ (p2 − 4q) p (p2 − q) 1/2 1/2

 1  1
Sol 13: (a)  x −  + 1 −  x
= ….. (i)
⇒ R 2 = α2β2 (α + β) = q2p  x  x

x −1
∴ R1 + R 2 = q2p + p(p2 − 4q)(p2 − q) and = x (factorizing)
1/2 1/2
 1  1
= p(p 4 − 5p2q + 5q2 ) x −  − 1 − 
 x  x
R 2 q2p2 (p2 − 4q)(p2 − q)

R1 += 1 1
Let x −= m & 1 −= n
x x
The equation is x2 − (R1 + R 2 )x + R1R 2 =
0
m+1
m1/2 =
2
2 2
Sol 10: x + 18x + 30 = 2 x + 18x + 45 = (m + 1)2
∴ 4m
Let x2 + 18x + 30 =
t ∴ (m− 1)2 =0 ⇒ m =1
⇒= t2 4(t + 15)
t 2 t + 15 ⇒ = 1 1± 5
∴x− = 1 ⇒ x2 − x − 1 = 0 ⇒ x =
x 2
⇒ t2 − 4t − 60 =
0 ⇒ (t − 10)(t + 6) =
0 now in equation (i) LHS >0 ∴ x > 0
∴ t = 10 or t = −6 1+ 5
∴ x= only possible solution
2
⇒ x2 + 18x + 20= 0 ; d > 0
3
 1 1
or x2 + 18x + 36= 0 ; d > 0 (b) Let  x + = m & x3 += n
 x x3
But also x2 + 18x + 45 > 0
6 2
 1  3 1  5p 5p + 1
⇒ α(1 + α ) =
x +  − x + 3  4 & 2a +1 = 4
x  x  m2 − n2
⇒  =

3
1  3 1  m+n 5p − 3
or α =
x +  + x + 3  8
 x  x 
5p − 3 5(p + 1) 5
3 ⇒ × = p
 1  1   1 8 8 4
= m − n =  x +  −  x3 +  = 3  x + 
 x  
3
x   x
5p2 − 14p − 3 =0
1
The minimum value of x + 2
= 5p2 − 15p + p − 3 =0
x
−1
∴ f(x)min = 3 × 2 = 6 ⇒ p 3=
= or p
5
p = 3 is the integral value
Sol 14: Given that
X2 + 2mx + 7m – 12 = 0 …. (i) x2 − 3x + 4
(b) y =
4x2 – 4mx + 5m – 6 = 0 x2 + 3x + 4
2
For equation (i), D > 0 ⇒ x (y − 1) + 3x(y + 1) + 4(y − 1) =
0
(2m)2 – 4(7m - 12) > 0 x ∈R

⇒ 4m – 28 m + 48 > 0
2
∴ 9(y + 1)2 − 16(y − 1)2 > 0
28 ± (28)2 − 4 × 4 × 48 ⇒ −7y 2 + 50y − 7 > 0
⇒m=
8
28 ± 784 − 768 ⇒ 7y 2 − 50y + 7 < 0
=
8 1 
⇒ y ∈  ,7 
=
28 ± 4
= 4, 3 7 
8
Integers lying in range are 1,2,3,4, or option Q R S T are
For equation (i), D > 0 correct.
16m2 – 4 × 4 × (5m - 6) > 0 x +1 x +5
(c) ≥
⇒ 16m2 – 16(5m - 6) > 0 x −1 x +1
⇒ 16m2 – 80m – 96 > 0 x +1  x +5

⇒ − ≥0
x −1  x +1
80 ± (80)2 − 4 × 16 × 96
⇒m=
32 x2 + 2x + 1 − x2 − 4x + 5
21 19 ⇒ ≥0
⇒ m =, (x − 1)(x + 1)
8 8
19 2(3 − x)
Minimum value of m = ≥0
8 (x − 1)(x + 1)
Maximum value of m = 4 + - + -
19 -1 1 3
Then, a + b= +4
8
x ≠ 1 as x − 1 is in denominator the positive integral
19 + 32 51 values of x are 2 & 3 Ans (R ) (S)
= =
8 8
2π 4π 4π 8π 8π 2π
(d) sin sin + sin sin + sin sin f ( say )
=
2
Sol 15: (a) 4x − (5p + 1)x + 5p = 4 7 7 7 7 7
0
2π 4π 8π
β= 1 + α Let =A = B and =C
7 7 7
  2π 4 π   6π   −4 π  
 cos  −  − cos   + cos   −x2 + 4x − 3 + 2x + 5 =0 ⇒ x2 − 6x − 2 =0
1  7 7   7   7 
f= 6 ± 40
2  12π   6π   10π   ⇒ x= = 3 ± 10
 − cos   + cos   − cos    2

  7   7   7  
which doesn’t belong to (1,3)
1  2π   4π   12π   10π   ∴ x=
1 is the only solution
 cos   + cos   − cos   − cos  
2  7   7   7   7  (b) 3 |x2+4x+2|=5x−4
 2π   2π   12π  Case I: x2+4x+2 > 0

cos =  cos  2π − =  cos  
 7  7   7  3(x2+4x+2)=5x − 4
 4π   4π   10π  ⇒ 3x2+12x+6=5x − 4
cos  =  cos  2π − =  cos  
 7   7   7  ⇒ 3x2+7x+10=0
∴ f =0 −7 ± 49 − 120
⇒ x⇒=
6
Sol 16: x 4 + 2x3 − 8x2 − 6x + 15 =
p(x) Which indicates x is imaginary here. So, this is not
acceptable.
Q(x) = x3 + 4x2 − x − 10 Case II: x2+4x+2 < 0
By trial one root of Q(x) = −2 −3(x2+4x+2) = 5x − 4
∴ Q(x) = (x + 2)(x2 + 2x − 5) ⇒ 3x2+12x+6= −5x + 4
∴ The root of x2 + 2x − 5 should satisfy p(x) x2 + 2x − 5 ⇒ 3x2+17x+2 = 0

has irrational roots and since −17 ± 289 − 24 −17 ± 265
= ⇒x = ...(i)
Irrational root exist in pairs 6 6
Also, x2+4x+2 < 0
x2 + 2x − 5 should be a factor of p(x)
∴ p(x) = x 4 + 2x3 − 5x2 − 3x2 − 6x + 15  (  )  (

x − 2 − 2  x − 2 − 2  < 0
) ... (ii)
= x2 (x2 + 2x − 5) − 3(x2 + 2x − 5) = (x2 − 3)(x2 + 2x − 5) x will be the union of Eq. (i) and Eq. (ii)
(c) For x ≥ −1
The uncommon real roots are
x=
3 ,x =
− 3 &x =
−2 x3 + x 2 − x − 1 =0
∴ Product = 6 x = 1 & x = −1 are the solutions
(x + 1)(x2 − 0x − 1)
2 2
Sol 17: (a) (x − 1) x − 4x + 3 + 2x + 3x − 5 =0
(x + 1)(x2 + 0x − 1) ⇒ (x +1)2 (x – 1) = 0
2 2
(x − 1) x − 4x + 3 + 2x + 5x − 2x − 5 =0
for x < ‒ 1
(x − 1) x2 − 4x + 3 + (x − 1)(2x + 5) =
0 ∴ –x3 – 1 + x2 – x – 2 = 0
∴ x = 1 is one solution and x2 − 4x + 3 + (2x + 5) =

0 x3 − x 2 + x + 3 =0
When x ∈( −∞ ,1) ∪ (3, ∞ ) (x + 1)(x2 − 2x + 3) =

0
x = ‒ 1 is only solution
x2 − 2x + 8 =0
D < 0 so not possible x = –1, 1
When x ∈(1,3) (d) Same as Example 4 of Solved Examples JEE Advanced.

Sol 18: Given that x3 − 3x2 + 1 =0 Sol 20: Minimum value of quadratic occurs at
⇒ α + β + γ = 3 , αβ + βγ + γα = 0 , αβγ = −1 −b 4p p
x
= = =
2a 8 2
Now we have (α − 2)(β − 2)( γ − 2)
When xmin ∈ [0,2]
= (αβ − 2α − 2β + 4)( γ − 2)
∴ f(x)
= min f(x
= min ) 3
= αβγ − 2(αβ + βγ + γα ) + 4(α + β + γ ) − 8
⇒ p ∈ [0, 4]
=−1 + 12 − 8 =3
⇒ p2 − 2p2 + p2 − 2p + 2 =3 ⇒ 2p = −1
Similarly we can find
−1
 α  β  γ   α β   α  ⇒ p= not true
   , ∑ × , ∑  2
 α − 2  β − 2  λ − 2   α − 2 β − 2  α −2
when xmin < 0 ⇒ p<0
 α  β  λ  αβγ −1
 =    =
 α − 2   β − 2   λ − 2  (α − 2)(β − 2)( γ − 2) 3

α β 3αβγ − 2(αβ + βγ + γα ) −3
∑α−2×β−2 =(α − 2)(β − 2)( γ − 2)
=
3
= −1 Xmin
α 4(α + β + γ ) + 3(αβγ ) − 4( ∑ αβ) 12 − 3

∑=
α−2 (α − 2)(β − 2)( γ − 2)
= = 3
3
f(0)<+(2)
Xmin
( −2x2 + 5x − 10)
Sol 19: >0 o
2
2
(sint)x + 2(1 + sint)x + sint + 4
The above expansion is always < 0 as D < 0
⇒ fmin occurs at x = 0
2
∴ (sint)x + 2(1 + sint)x + 9 sint + 4 < 0 ∴ f(0) = p2 − 2p + 2 = 3
For all x ⇒ p2 − 2p − 1 =0
⇒ sint < 0
2± 8
2 p= = 1 ± 2 but p < 0
and 4(1 + sint) − 4 sin t + (9 sint + 4) < 0 2
⇒ −32sin2 t − 8sint + 4 < 0 ⇒ p= 1 − 2

2
⇒ 8sin t + 2sint − 1 > 0 When xmin > 2 ⇒ p > 4
2
⇒ 8sin t + 4 sint − 2sint − 1 > 0 ⇒ fmin occurs at x = 2
⇒ 4 sint(2sint + 1) − 1(2sint + 1) > 0
⇒ ( 4 sin t − 1 ) ( 2sin t + 1 ) > 0 Xmin 2

 −1   1  2
⇒ sint ∈  −1,  ∪  ,1
 2  4 
but sin t < 0 f(2) = 16 − 8p + p2 − 2p + 2 = 3

 −1   4 π 5π 
⇒ sint ∈  −1,  ⇒ t ∈  ,  10 ± 40
 2   3 3  ⇒ p2 − 10p + 15 =
0 ⇒p =
2
9π
a+b = =3⇒K =3 p=5± 10
3
But p > 0 ⇒ p =
5 + 10
Sol 21: Since p(x) is a factor of q(x) =x 4 + 6x2 + 25 and For product of root for (i) and (ii), we can
c b
r(x) = 3x 4 + 4x2 + 28x + 5 , then p(x) will also be a factor –2α = , 3β =
a a
of its linear combination.
We can write here
2
Now, r(x) - 3q(x) = x − 2x + 5
α – 2 = ‒3β and β + 3 = 2α
2
∴ p(x) = x − 2x + 5
Solving these two equations
α – 2 = ‒3 (2α - 3)
Sol 22: f(x) = x2 − 2x − a2 + 1 =(x − 1)2 − a2
⇒ α – 2 = ‒6α + 9
= (x − 1 − a)(x − 1 + a) 11
⇒ 7α = 11 ⇒α=
7
∴ α = a + 1 &β = 1 − a
 11 
Now g(α ) < 0 & g(β) < 0 Therefore, for β, β = 2   -3
7
∴ (a + 1)2 − 2(a + 1)(a + 1) + a2 − a < 0
22 1
= − 3=
−1 7 7
⇒ −a2 − 2a − 1 + a2 − a < 0 ⇒ a >
3 Absolute product of four roots
2 2
and (1 − a) − 2(a + 1)(1 − a) + a − a < 0
1 11 3 −2 66
= =
2
∴ 4a − 3a − 1 < 0 7 7 1 1 49
 1  Therefore, (p + q) = 66 + 49 = 115
⇒ (4a + 1)(a − 1) < 0 ⇒ a ∈  − ,1 
 4 
Sol 25: For origin to lie between the roots.
x+2
Sol 23: ≤ 0 ⇒ x ∈ [ −2, 4)
x−4 af(0) < 0
x2 − ax − 4 ≤ 0 ⇒ (a2 − 6a + 5)(6a − a2 − 8) < 0

 a − a2 + 16 a + a2 + 16  ⇒ (a − 5)(a − 1)(a − 2)(a − 4) > 0
⇒ x∈ , 
 2 2 
  + - + +
1 2 4 5
a + a2 + 16
⇒ < 4 ⇒ a2 + 16 < (a − 8)2 a ∈ ( −∞ ,1) ∪ (2, 4) ∪ (5, ∞ )
2
Also a2 + 2a ≥ 0 ⇒ a(a + 2) ≥ 0
⇒ a2 + 16 < a2 − 16a + 64 ⇒ a < 3
⇒ a ∈ ( −∞ , −2] ∪ [0, ∞ )
a − a2 + 16 2
and ≥ −2 ⇒ a − a + 16 ≥ −4 ∴ a ∈ ( −∞ , −2] ∪ [0,1) ∪ (2, 4) ∪ (5, ∞ )
2
2
(a + 4)2 ≥ a2 + 16 ⇒ a ≥ 0 4
 x5 
Sol 26: (log2 x) −  log1/2  − 20log2 x + 148 < 0
 4
∴ The possible integral values of a are 0, 1, 2
⇒ (log2 x)4 − (5log2 x − 2)2 − 20log2 x + 148 < 0
Sol 24: Given equations are Let log2x = t

ax + bx - c = 0
2
(i) ⇒ t 4 − (25t2 − 20t + 4) − 20t + 148 < 0
ax2 + cx + b = 0 (ii) ⇒ t 4 − 25t2 + 144 < 0
For sum of roots for (i) and (ii), we can ⇒ (t2 − 16)(t2 − 9) < 0
−b −c
α–2= ,β+3= ⇒ (t − 3)(t + 3)(t − 4)(t + 4) < 0
a a
+ - + + The equation we have is x3 − 2x2 + 4x + 5074 =

0
-4 -3 3 4
We can write r1 + r2 + r3 =
2 , Σ r1 r2 =
+4 , r1 r2 r3 = −5074
⇒ t ∈ ( −4, −3) ∪ (3, 4) ∴ f =−5074 + 4 × 2 + 4 × 2 + 8 = −5050
 1 1
∴ x ∈  ,  ∪ (8,16) Method 2: (We have to find the product of roots of a
 16 8  cubic whose roots are α + 2, β + 2, γ + 2
2 2 ⇒ α + 2 = x ∴ α= (x − 2) Substituting we get
Sol 27: (log100 x) + (log10x) + logx ≤ 14
(x − 2)3 − 2(x − 2)2 + 4(x − 2) + 5074
2 2
⇒ (2 + logx) + (1 + logx) + logx ≤ 14 The constant term = 5050 ∴ Product = –5050
2
⇒ 2(logx) + 7logx + 5 ≤ 14
Sol 2: (A) We are given that" after x ∈ R and the
2
⇒ 2(logx) + 7logx − 9 ≤ 0 polynomial x8 − x5 + x2 − x + 1
⇒ (logx − 1)(2logx + 9) ≤ 0 When |x| < 1
9 ∴ f(x) = x8 + (x2 − x5 ) + (1 − x) > 0

⇒ − ≤ logx ≤ 1 ⇒ 10−9/2 ≤ x ≤ 10
2 as x2 − x5 > 0 & (1 − x) > 0
When | x | ≥ 1
Sol 28: log1/2 (x + 1) > log2 (2 − x)
f(x)= (x8 − x5 ) + (x2 − x) + 1 > 0
⇒ log2 (2 − x) + log2 (x + 1) < 0 as x8 − x5 > 0 & x2 − x > 0
⇒ log2 (x + 1)(2 − x) < 0 ⇒ (x + 1)(2 − x) < 1 ∴ f(x) is always positive.
⇒ x2 − x − 1 > 0 Sol 3: (B) a(x2 − 2x + 1) + b(x2 − 3x + 2) + x − a2 =0
 1 − 5  1 + 5  ⇒ (a + b)x2 + (1 − 2a − 3b)x + a + 2b − a2 =0
x ∈  −∞ , ∪ ,∞
 2   2 
  Since this is satisfied by all x
Also x + 1 > 0 ⇒ x > –1 and x < 2 ⇒ a+b =0 , 2a + 3b =
1
 ⇒ b = 1 & a = −1
1 − 5  1 + 5 
∴ x ∈  −1, ∪ ,2 
 2   2  also a + 2b − a2 =
0
 
Which is satisfied by (-1, 1)
2
Sol 29: log1/5 (2x + 5x + 1) < 0
⇒ 2x2 + 5x + 1 > 1 Sol 4: (D) y( −1) ≥ −4

⇒ a − b + c ≥ −4 ... (i)
x(2x + 5) > 0
y(1) ≤ 0 ⇒ a + b + c ≤ 0 ... (ii)
 −5 
⇒ x ∈  −∞ ,  ∪ (0, ∞ )
 2  y(3) ≥ 5 ⇒ 9a + 3b + c ≥ 5 ... (iii)
From (i) and (iii)
12a + 4c ≥ −7 ... (iv)
Exercise 2 Equation can be written as
Single Correct Choice Type −a − b − c ≥ 0 ... (v)

∴ From (iv) and (i)
Sol 1: (C) Let (r1 + 2)(r2 + 2)(r3 + 2) =
f
2a + 2c ≥ −4 ⇒ a + c ≥ −2 ... (vi)
= (r1 r2 + 2(r1 + r2 ) + 4)(r3 + 2)
From (v) and (vi)
= r1 r2 r3 + 4(r1 + r2 + r3 ) + 2(r1 r2 + r2 r3 + r1 r3 ) + 8 1
8a ≥ 1 ⇒ a ≥
8
4λ 2 − 2λ2
5: (A) x
Sol = = ,y
1 + λ2 1 + λ2
Let =
λ tan θ 8k ± 64k 2 − 16k k
α= k
=± k2 −
8 4
⇒ x = 2sin2θ & y = 2cos2θ
k k
f = x2 − xy + y 2 α = k − k2 − , β = k + k2 −
4 4
4 4 sin2θ cos2θ =
=− 4 − 2sin 4θ
 2 k 
∴ f lies between 2 and 6 or f ∈ [2,6] If k < 0 then α < 0, β > 0  k − > −k 
 4 
∴a = 2 & b = 6 ∴a+b = 8  
 p 
Let −k =p  ⇒ p2 + > p 
Multiple Correct Choice Type  4 
 
Sol 6: (B, D) x2 + abx=

+ c 0 & x2 + acx =
+ b 0 have a (c) α1β ∈ (0,1)
common roots lets say α k 1
⇒ α2 + abα +=
c 0 & α2 + acα +=
b 0 (i) D ≥ 0 ⇒ k 2 − ≥ 0 ⇒ k > ,k < 0
4 4
1 β ac = & γ ab
∴ α == , (ii) af(0) > 0 ⇒ 4(k) ≥ 0 ⇒ k > 0
a
The other eqn is x2 − a(b + c)x + a2bc =
0
4
af(1) > 0 ⇒ 4(4 − 7k) > 0 ⇒ k <
7
Sol 7: (C, D) Given α, a2 are root of the equation
8k 1 4
4x2 − 15x + 4p =
0 (iii) 0 < < 1 ⇒ 0 < k < 1 ⇒ k ∈ , c
8 4 7
15
⇒ α + α2 = f(n) min = 4(k)2 − 8k 2 + k
4 … (i)
−b
⇒ α3 =p … (ii) at n= = k − 4k 2
2a
From equation (i)
Sol 9: (A, D) α , α2 (α > 0) are roots of x2 − 30x + b =0
4α2 + 4α − 15 = 0 ⇒ 4α2 + 10α − 6α − 15 = 0
−5 3 α + α2 =30 ; α3 =b
⇒=
α ,=
α
2 2
α2 + α − 30 = 0
−125 27
=⇒p = or p (α + 6)(α − 5) = 0 ⇒ α = −6 , α = 5
8 8
α 5 ( α > 0)
=
Sol 8: (A, B, C) f(n) = 4n2 − 8kn + k , f(n) ≥ 0
α2 =25
=r 25,
= s 5,=
b 125
b+r −s =145
b+r +s =155
2
⇒ 4n − 8kn + k ≥ 0 ⇒∆ ≤ 0 b − r − s =95
⇒ 64k 2 − 16k ≤ 0 ⇒ (2k + 1)(2k − 1) ≤ 0 b −r + s =105
 −1 1 
⇒ k ∈ , 
 2 2 Comprehension Type
∴ k=0 is the only integral solution (x − cos360 )(x − cos840 )(x − cos1560 )
Sol 10: (A) p(x) =
(b) Roots of the equation f(n) = 0 are co efficient of x2 is −(cos360 + cos840 + cos1560 )
cos360 + 2cos(360 )cos1200 =

= 0
(B) a > 0 & b2 = 4ac ∴ f(x) =

Sol 11: (B) Absolute term = − cos360 cos840 cos1560
−1 af(t) > 0 at t < α , af(x) = & t ≠ α

(cos360 )(cos2400 + cos720 )
2 ∴ t < α or t > α c = β & t ≠ α
−1  −1 
cos360  + cos720  2
2  2  (C) a < 0 and b > 4ac
∴ af(t) > 0 for
 −1   5 + 1   5 − 1 − 2 
=    
 2   4   4 
 t < α or t > β t ≠ α , β
 −1   1 
=    5=
 2   16 
−3−2 5 ( )
5 −1 .
16
(D) a < 0 &b2 =
4ac
∴ af(t) > 0 for
Assertion Reasoning Type t < α or t > β( = α ) &
Sol 12: (D) f(x) = ax3 + bx + c sum of three roots =0 t≠α

sum is zero only when atleast one of them is negative
or all roots are zero.
α = β = γ = 0 is one set to prove assertion as false. Sol 15: f(x) = x2 − 2px + p2 − 1
(A) Both roots of f(x) = 0 are less then 4

Sol 13: (A) f(x)= ax2 + ax + (a + b) …(i)
−b
∴ af(4) > 0 & <4
2
g(x) = ax + 3ax + 3a +=
b f(x + 1) ….(ii) 2a
2p
D (f ) = −3a2 − 4ab
a2 − 4a(a + b) = ∴ 1 × (16 − 8p + p2 − 1) > 0 & <4
p
since a and b are of same signs, f is either always ⇒ (p − 3) or (p − 5) > 0 & P < 4 ... (i)
positive or always negative depending on a.
P < 3 or p > 5 …(ii)
Since g = f(x + 1)
From (i) and (ii) p ∈ ( −∞ ,3)
∴ g(x) will just shift the group of f to 1 unit left. There
will be no change along y-axis (B) Both roots are greeter then -2
∴ Statement-II is correct explanation of statement-I. −b

∴ af( −2) > 0 & > −2
2a
2p
Match the Columns ⇒ 1(4 + 4,p + p2 − 1) > 0 , > −2 ⇒ p > −2
2a
Sol 14: ax2 + =

bx + c f(x), af(t) > 0 ∴ (p + 1)(p + 3) > 0, p > − 2
p < −3 or p > −1 & p > −2

(A) a > 0 & b2 > 4ac ∴ f(x) =
∴ p ∈ ( −1, ∞ )
(C) Exactly one root lies between (–2, 4)

af(x) =
⇒ f( −2)f(4) < 0 ⇒ (4 + 4p + p2 − 1)(16 − 8p + p2 − 1) < 0
⇒ (p + 1)(p + 3)(p − 3)(p − 5) < 0

af(t) > 0 at t < α or t > β
+ - + +
&t≠α
-
–3 –1 3 5
∴ p ∈ ( −3, −1) ∪ (3,5) Sol 17: (A) K(x2) + (1 – K)x + 5 = 0
(D) 1 lies between the root α β 4

Given, + =
∴ af(1) < 0 β α 5
⇒ 1(1 − 2p + p2 − 1) < 0 ⇒ p(p − 2) < 0 α2 + β2 4 (α + β)2 − 2αβ 4

= ⇒ =
αβ 5 αβ 5
⇒ P ∈ ( 0, 2 )
(1 − K)2 / K 2 − 2 × 5 / K 4
∴ =
Sol 16: (A) +5 / K 5
6 6 2
(1 − K )
2
 1  6 1   1  3 1 
 x +  −  x + 6 + 2 x +  − x + 3  ⇒ − 10 =
4
 x   x =  x  x  K
3 3
 1 3 1  1  3 1 
x +  + x + 3 x +  + x + 3  K 2 − 2K + 1 − 10K =4K
 x  x  x  x 
 1
3
1 ⇒ K 2 − 16K + 1 =0
Let  x + =
 m & x3 + = n
 x x3 K1 K 2 (K1 + K 2 )2 − 2K1K 2 (16)2 − 2 × 1
∴= + = = 254
m2 − n2  1 
3
1  K 2 K1 K1K 2 1
= = m − n = x +  −  x3 + 3 
m+n  x  x  x2 + ax + b
(B) y =
1  1 x2 + 2x + 3
= 3x + 3 × = 3 x + 
x  x
(y − 1)x2 + (2y − a)x + (3y − b) =
0
x +1
The minimum value of =2 (2y − a)2 − 4(y − 1)(3y − b) ≥ 0
x
∴ f(x)min = 6 ⇒ 4y 2 + a2 − 4ay − 4(3y 2 − (b + 3)y + b) ≥ 0
(B) We want atleast one solution ∴ we want to eliminate ⇒ 8y 2 + 4(a − b − 3)y + 4b − a2 ≤ 0

the cases when these is no solution
2y 2 + (a − b − 3)y + 4b − a2 ≤ 0
∴ All c except when
Now −5 & 4 are solution of equation
 7
1 + log2  2x2 + 2x +  < log2 (cx2 + c)
 2 On solving we get a2 + b2 =
277
For all x (C) f(x) = x3 + px2 + qx + 72
⇒ 4x2 + 4x + 7 ≤ (x2 + c) for all x x2 + ax + b & x2 + bx + a
⇒ (c − 4)x2 − 4x + (c − 7) > 0 Have a common root α
∴c>4 &D<0 ⇒ α 2 + aα + b = 0
⇒ 16 − 4(c − 4)(c − 7) < 0 α 2 + bα + a = 0
∴ c ∈ ( −∞ ,3) ∪ (8, ∞ ) ⇒ α =1 common root
Taking intersection Sum of roots = β + α = −a
∴ The given expansion is not true for any x when ⇒ β = −(a + 1)
c ∈ (8, ∞ )
γ = −(b + 1)
∴ For c ∈ (0,8] the given expansion is true for atleast
one x. ⇒ −(a + 1) =b
[cx2 + c > 0 ⇒ c > 0] ∴ a+b =

1
Product of roots = –72 ∴ a + b + c + d = 10c + 10a

∴ ab × 1 =72 = 10(c + a) = 1210
a(1 − a) =−72
Sol 3: Given x2 + ( a − b ) x + (1 − a − b ) =
0 has real and
a2 − a − 72 =0 unequal roots
a2 − 9a + 8a − 72 =
0 ⇒ D>0
⇒ ( a − b ) − 4 (1 )(1 − a − b ) > 0
2
∴ a = 9 or a = −8
In either case b = –8 or b = 9 ⇒ a2 + b2 − 2ab − 4 + 4a + 4b > 0
Sum of squares of roots = a2 + b2 + (1)2 Now, to find values of ‘a’ for which equation has unequal
real roots for all values of b.
= 81 + 1 + 64 = 146
i.e, above equation is true for all b.
Previous Years’ Questions ( )

or b2 + b ( 4 − 2a) a2 + 4a − 4 > 0 is true for all b.
∴ Discriminate, D < 0
Sol 1: Given 3x − y − z =0 … (i)
−3x + 2y + z =0 … (ii)
(
⇒ ( 4 − 2a) − 4 a2 + 4a − 4 < 0
2
2 2
)
⇒ 16 − 16 a + 4a − 4a − 16a + 16 < 0
and −3x + z =0 … (iii)
⇒ − 32a + 32 < 0 ⇒ a > 1
On adding Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get y = 0 So,
3x = z Now, x2 + y 2 + z 2 ≤ 100 Sol 4: Let f ( x ) = 4x3 − 3x − p
⇒ x2 + ( 3x ) + 0 ≤ 100
2 3
1 1 1
Now, f   = 4   − 3   − p
2
  2
  2
⇒ 10 x2 ≤ 100; ⇒ x2 ≤ 10
4 3
X = –3, – 2, – 1, 0, 1, 2, 3 = − − p =−1 (1 + p )
8 2
So, number of such 7 points are possible
f(1) = 4(1)³ – 3(1) – p = 1 – p
Sol 2: Here a +b =10c and c +d =10a 1

⇒ f   .f (1 ) =− (1 + p )(1 − p )
⇒ ( a − c ) + (b − d=
2
) 10 ( c − a)
= (p + 1)(p – 1) = p² – 1
⇒ (b − d=
) 11 ( c − a) … (i)

Which is ≤ 0, ∀ p ∈  −1, 1 .
Since ‘c’ is the root of x2 ‒ 10ax ‒ 11b = 0
1 
⇒ c2 − 10 ac − 11b =
0 ………(ii) ∴ f(x) has at least one root in  ,1
2 
Similarly, ‘a’ is the root of Now, f’(x) = x2 − 3
x2 − 10cx − 11d =
0 = 3(2x – 1)(2x + 1)
⇒ a2 − 10 ca − 11d =
0 ... (iii) 3  1  1 1 
=  x −   x +  > 0 in  ,1
4  2  2  2 
On subtracting Eq.(iv) from Eq. (ii) we get
⇒ f(x) is an increasing function in  1 ,1
( )
c2 − a2 = 11 (b − d)

... (iv) 2 
∴ ( c + a)( c − a) = 11 × 11 ( c − a) 1 
Therefore, f(x) has exactly one root in  ,1 for any p
[from Eq. (i)] ⇒ c +a = 121 ∈ [–1, 1]. 2 
Now let x = cos θ

∴ 22 =
2.2y −1
1   π
∴ x ∈  , 1 ⇒ θ∈ 0,  ⇒ 2y − 2.2y −1 =
0
2   3
From Eq. (i), ⇒ 2y − 2y =
0 true for all y > 1 ... (iii)
4 cos2 θ − 3 cos θ= p ⇒ cos3 θ= p ∴ From Eqs. (i), (ii), and (iii), we get y ∈ {−1} ∪ 1, ∞ )
⇒ 3 θ =cos−1 p
1
Sol 7: Given, (
log( 2x +3) 6x2 + 23x + 21 )
⇒ θ = cos−1 p
3 (
log( 2x +3) 6x2 + 23x + 21 ) = (
4 − log(3x + 7 ) 4x2 + 12x + 9 )
1 
⇒ cos θ =cos  cos−1 p 
 3 
=
⇒ log( 2x +(3x (
4 − log + 7 ) 4x2 + 12x + 9
3) (
)
2x + 3)( 3x + 7 ) =4 − log(3x + 7 ) ( 2x + 3)
2
1  ⇒ 1 + log( 2x +3) ( 3x + 7 ) = 4 − log(3x + 7 ) ( 2x + 3)

cos  cos−1 p  s
⇒x=
 3 
2
Put log 2x +3 ( 3x + 7 ) = y ∴ y + −3= 0
( ) y
Sol 5: Suppose f ( x ) = Ax2 + Bx + C is an integer
whenever x is an integer. ⇒ y 2 − 3y + 2 = 0 ⇒ ( y − 1 )( y − 2 ) = 0
⇒ y = 1 or y = 2
∴ f(0), f(1), f(–1) are integers.
⇒ C, A + B + C, A – B + C are integers. 1 or log( 2x +3) ( 3x + 7 ) =

log( 2x +3) ( 3x + 7 ) = 2
⇒ 3x + 7 = 2x + 3 or ( 3x + 7 ) = ( 2x + 3)
2
⇒ C, A + B, A – B are integers.
⇒ C, A + B, (A + B) – (A – B ) = 2A are integers. ⇒ x = –4 or 3x + 7= 4x2 + 12x + 9
Conversely suppose 2A, A + B and C are integers. ⇒ x = –4 or 4x2 + 9x + 2 =0
Let n be any integer. We have, ⇒ x = –4 or (4x + 1)(x + 2) = 0
 n (n − 1 )  ∴ x =−2, − 4, − 1 / 4 … (i)
f (n) = An2 =
+ Bn + C 2A   + ( A + B)n + C
 2  But log exists only when, 6x2 + 23x + 21 > 0 ,
Since, n is an integer, n (n – 1)/2 is an integers. Also 2A, 4x2 + 12x + 9 > 0 ,

A + B and C are integers. 2x + 3 > 0 and 3x + 7 > 0
We get f(n) is an integer for all integer n. 3
⇒x>− … (ii)
2
y
Sol 6: Given 2 − 2y −1 − 1= 2y −1 + 1 1
∴ x =− is the only solution.
4
Case I when y ∈( − ∞ , 0
( )
∴ 2− y + 2y −1 − 1 = 2y −1 + 1
Sol 8: (B) Let y = x intersect the curve y = kex at exactly
one point when k ≤ 0.
⇒ 2− y = 2 ⇒ y = −1 ∈ ( − ∞ ,0  … (i)

Sol 9: (A) Let f (=
x ) kex − x
Case II when y ∈ ( 0, 1
f ' ( x ) =kex − 1 =0 ; ⇒ x =−ln k
( )
∴ 2y + 2y −1 − 1 = 2y −1 + 1
f '' ( x ) =
kex ; ∴ f " ( x )  1>0
=
⇒ 2 =2 ⇒ y =1 ∈ ( 0, 1
y
… (ii) x = −1n k

Hence, f(–ln k ) = 1 + ln k
Case III when y ∈ (1, ∞ )
For one root of given equation
1 2 2
(∴ α is root of x − 6x − 2 = 0 ⇒ α − 2 = 6α )
1 + ln k = 0 ; ⇒ k =
e
2 2
( Also, β is root of x − 6x − 2 = 0 ⇒β − 2 = 6β )
Sol 10: (A) For two distinct roots, 1 + ln k < 0 (k > 0)
1  1
a10 − 2a10
=
α
8
( 6α=
) − β8 ( 6β ) (
= 3
9
6 α −β
9
)
ln k < –1 , k < ; Hence, k ∈  0, 
e  e
2a9 (
2 α 9 − β9 ) (
9 α 9 − β9 )
Sol 11: (C) Given f ( x ) = 4x2 + 3x3 + 2x + 1
α2 + β2
Sol 15: (B) Sum of roots = and product = 1
( )
f ' ( x ) =2 6x2 + 3x + 1 ; D =9 − 24 < 0 αβ
Given, α + β = −p and α3 + β3 = q
Hence, f(x) = 0 has only one real root.
 1 3 4
f −  = 1 −1 + − > 0
(
⇒ ( α + β ) α2 − αβ + β2 = q )
 2 4 8
−q
∴ α2 + β2 − αβ = .…(i)
 3 6 27 108 p
f  −  =1 − + −
and ( α + β ) = p2
2
 4  4 16 64
64 − 96 + 108 − 108 ⇒ α2 + β2 + 2αβ = p2 .…(ii)

<0 f(x) changes its sign in
64
From Eqs.(i) and (ii), we get
 3 1  3 1
 − , −  , hence f(x) = 0 has a root in − , − .
 4 2  4 2 p3 − q p3 + q
α2 + β2 = and α β =
3p 3p
(p − 2q) + 1 =0
1/2 t 3/ 4
f ( x ) dx < ∫ f ( x ) dx < ∫ f ( x ) dx
3
Sol 12: (A) ∫ ∴ Required equation x 2
−
0 0 0
(p + q)
3
∫ f ( x ) dx = ∫ (1 + 2x + 3x )
2 3
Now, + 4x dx
2
=x + x + x + x ; 3 4 ( ) (
⇒ p3 + q x2 − p3 − 2q x + p3 + q =
0 ) ( )
1/2 3/ 4
15 3 530 Sol 16: (A) Since, roots are real therefore D ≥ 0
⇒ ∫ f ( x ) dx = >
16 4 ∫ f ( x=
) dx 256
<3
0
⇒ 4 ( a + b + c ) − 12 λ ( ab + bc + ca) ≥ 0
0 2
⇒ ( a + b + c ) − 3 λ ( ab + bc + ca) ≥ 0
2
Sol 13: (B) Figure is self explanatory
⇒ a2 + b2 + c2 ≥ ( ab + bc + ca) ( 3λ − 2 )
a2 + b2 + c2
⇒ 3λ − 2 ≤ … (i)
ab + bc + ca
-3 -1 1 3
4 2 2 4 b2 + c2 − a2
Also
= , cos A <1
2bc
⇒ b2 + c2 − a2 < 2bc
a10 − 2a8 α10 − β10 − 2α8 + 2β8
Sol 14: (C) =
2a9 (
2 α9 − β9 ) Similarly, c2 + a2 − b2 < 2c a and a2 + b2 − c2 < 2 a b
=
(
α8 α2 − 2 − β8 β2 − 2)
( ) ⇒ a2 + b2 − c2 < 2 ( ab + bc + ca)
2(α − β )
9 9
a2 + b2 + c2
⇒ <2 … (ii)
ab + bc + ca
∴ From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get 3 λ − 2 < 2 From Eqs. (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv), we get
⇒λ<
4 a ∈ ( −4, 2 )
3
Note: There is correction in answer a < 2 should be –4
< a < 2.
3 Sol 19: (B) Let f ( x )= ax2 + bx + c > 0 for all x ∈ R

⇒ a > 0 and b2 − 4ac < 0 ... (i)
Sol 17: (D) From graph it is clear that one of the roots of
∴ g(x) = f(x) + f’(x) + f’’(x)
⇒ g ( x )= ax2 + bx + c + 2ax + b + 2a
⇒ g ( x )= ax2 + x (b + 2a)( c + b + 2a)

y=(x-a)(x-1)-1
(b + 2a) − 4a ( c + b + 2a)
2
a Whose discriminant =
b
1 =b + 4a + 4ab − 4ac − 4ab − 8a2 =b2 − 4a2 − 4ac
2 2
(x – a)(x – b) – 1 = 0 lies in (‒∞, a) and other lies in ( )

= b2 − 4ac − 4a2 < 0 [from Eq. (i)]
(b, ∞). Therefore,(d) is the answer. ∴ g(x) > 0 for all x, as a > 0 and discriminate < 0.
Thus, g(x) > 0 for all x ∈ R .
Sol 18: (A) Let f ( x ) = x2 − 2ax + a2 + a − 3
Since, both roots are less than 3. Sol 20: (D) The equation x2 − px + r = 0 has roots
(α, β) and the equation
⇒ α < 3, β < 3 ⇒ Sum, S = α + β < 6
α 
x2 − qx + r = 0 has roots,  , β 
α+β 2α 2 
⇒ <3;⇒ <3
2 2
α
⇒ r = αβ and α + β = p and + 2β =q
⇒ a < 3 … (i) 2
Again, product of roots P = α β 2q − p 2(2p − q)
⇒ β= and α =
⇒ p < 9; ⇒ α β < 9 3 3
2
⇒ a2 + a − 3 < 9 ⇒ a2 + a − 12 < 0 ⇒ αβ = r = (2p − q)(2q − p)
9
⇒ (a – 3)(a + 4) < 0
⇒ –4 < a < 3 ... (ii) Sol 21: (B) Suppose roots are imaginary then β = α
1 1
Again, D =B2 − 4AC ≥ 0 and = α ⇒ β = not possible
β β
(
⇒ ( −2a) − 4.1 a2 + a − 3 ≥ 0
2
) ⇒ Roots are real ⇒ (p2 − q) (b2 − ac) ≥ 0
⇒ 4a2 − 4a2 − 4a + 12 ≥ 0 ⇒ − 4a + 12 ≥ 0 ⇒ Statement-I is correct.
⇒a≤0 … (iii) −2b 1 α c

= α + and = , α + β = −2p, αβ = q
a β β a
Again, a f(3) > 0
If β = 1, then α = q ⇒ c = qa(not possible)
⇒ 1 ( 3) − 2a ( 3) + a2 + a − 3 > 0
2
  −2b −2b
+1
also α = 2p
⇒ −= b ap (not possible)
⇒=
2
⇒ 9 − 6a + a2 + a − 3 > 0 ⇒ a − 5a + 6 > 0 a a
⇒ Statement-II is correct but it is not the correct

⇒ (a – 2)(a – 3) > 0
explanation.
∴ a ∈ ( − ∞ ,2 ) ∪ ( 3, ∞ ) … (iv)

Sol 22: (B) ax2 + bx + c = 0 ⇒ x2 + 6x – 7 = 0

⇒ α = 1, β = – 7
∞ ∞ n n
 1 1 1 1 
∑  α + β  = ∑ 1 − 7  = 7
= 
n 0=  n 0 
Sol 23: (B) x2 + bx - 1 = 0

x2 + x + b = 0 … (i)
Common root is
(b ‒ 1) x ‒ 1 ‒ b = 0
b +1
⇒ x =
b −1
This value of x satisfies equation (i)
(b + 1) + b + 1 + b = 0 ⇒ b =
2
⇒ 3i − 3i,0
(b − 1) b − 1
2

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M a them a ti cs | 2.

Example 3: Find the quadratic equation where one of ( ) acn n+1

1 Sol: By using the sum and product of roots formulae

Sol: By using the formula Example 10: If α , β are the roots of x + px + q = 0. 2

Sol: Consider α, β to be the two roots of the given That means

Sol: Roots of the given equation are of opposite sign,

hence, their product is negative and the discriminant is ∀ y ∈ R ∴ 8a + 1 > 0 and

Example 2: Find the value of x if

⇒ x2 (1 – y) + 2x(7 – y)+ 3 (3 – y) = 0 (x + 2)(x + 4) = 0 ; ⇒ x = –4

Hence, D ≥ 0 Case-II –3 < x < -1

4(7 – y) β – 12(1 – y)(3 – y) y2 0 x2 + 4x + 3 = 2x + 5 ; x2 + 2x – 2 = 0

Let S be the sum and P be the product of the roots

1 2x2 − 22x + 2a 2

Sol: In the method similar to example 8. Sol: As α , β, γ , δ are in A.P., hence, β − α = δ − γ , by

Sol: Here consider (x ‒ α) to be the common factor then p a b

When y = 90 (i) gives x2 + 2x − 90 =

Exercise 1 Q.6 Determine the values of m for which the equations

be equal to the sum of their squares, show that

at least two real roots.

(A) 7 (B) 9 (C) 10 (D) 11

Q.15 Let ‘a’ be a real number. Number of real roots of

Q.9 The quadratic equation x2 – 1088x + 295680 = 0 Previous Years’ Questions

b2 − 4ac B2 − 4AC Q.9 Let α, β be the roots of the equation

-1 1 equation x2 + px + q =0 , then the relation between p

Assertion Reasoning Type (

x2 + 2px + q =0 and 1 (A) 3 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 0

Statement-II : b ≠ pa or c ≠ qa  (2008) (A) 0 < α < β (B) α < 0 < β < | α |

(A) − 2 (B) −i 3 (C) i 5 (D) 2

(A) 1 (B) 4 (C) 3 (D) 2

Q.9 (a) If α , β are the roots of the quadratic equation

Q.13 (a) Find all real numbers x such that. Q ( x ) = x3 + 4x2 − x − 10 .

Q.1 Let r1, r2 and r3 be the solutions of equation

4x2 − 4px + p2 − 2p + 2 on the interval 0 ≤ x ≤ 2 is (r1 + 2) (r2 + 2) (r3 + 2) is

4λ 2 − 2 λ2 Q.11 The absolute term in P(x) has the value equal to

(A) b + r – s = 145 (B) b + r + s = 50

Comprehension Type (B) a > 0 and b² = 4ac (q) no solution

Q.10 The coefficient of x2 is

Column I Column II Q.2 If x2 ‒ 10ax ‒ 11b = 0 have roots c and d.

α, β are Connected by the relation Passage Based Questions

(C) Two point (D) More than two points ( ) ( ) (

Q.10 For k > 0, the set of all values of k for which

Q.12 The area bounded by the curve y = f(x) and the

(C) Statement-I is True, statement-II is False (A) − 2 (B) ‒i 3

MASTERJEE Essential Questions

JEE Main/Boards JEE Advanced/Boards

Single Correct Choice Type

Q.1 C Q.2 B Q.3 B Q.4 B Q.5 A Q.6 C

Previous Years’ Questions

Q.8 B Q.9 D Q.10 A Q.11 B Q.12 B Q.13 B

Q.14 B Q.15 A Q.16 D Q.17 C Q.18 C Q.19 B

Q.7 x < − 7, − 5 < x ≤ − 2 , x ≥ 4 Q.8 3

Q.17 (a) x = 1 ; (b) x = 2 or 5 ; (c) x = –1 or 1 (d) x ≥ − 1 or x = –3 ; (e) =

Q.23 3 Q.24 115 ( ) ( ) ( )

Q.1 C Q.2 A Q.3 B Q.4 D Q.5 A

Multiple Correct Choice Type

Q.6 B, D Q.7 C, D Q.8 A,B,C Q.9 A, D

Assertion Reasoining Type

Match the Columns

Q.14 A → p,s; B → p, s; C → p, s; D → p, s Q.15 A → q; B → p; C → s; D → r

Previous Years’ Questions

Q.14 C Q.15 B Q.16 A Q.17 D Q.18 A Q.19 B

Q.20 D Q.21 B Q.22 B Q.23 B

+r Sol 4: Eq. is 5x2 + 13x + k =0

Statement-II : b ≠ pa or c ≠ qa (2008) (A) 0 < α < β (B) α < 0 < β < | α |

⇒ x = α β α , α ββ are the roots -1 0 1

since 3b2 >0 ax + bx + c = 0

2q = p + r ... (i) ⇒a=2