Optimizing and Troubleshooting Plunger Lift Wells2

Appalachian Basin
Gas Well Deliquification Seminar

Marietta College
Marietta, Ohio
June 4 – 6, 2012
Plunger Lift
Optimize and Troubleshoot
David Cosby, P.E.

Ferguson Beauregard
CONTENTS
 Optimized ?
 Optimize a single well
 Optimize many wells
PRIMARY PURPOSE
Remove liquid from the tubing so gas can
flow freely to the surface
Appalachian Basin Gas Well Deliquification Seminar 2

June 4 – 6, 2012
Marietta, Ohio
GOAL
OPTIMIZED
 70 % or more of AOF
 On original decline curve

June 4 – 6, 2012
Marietta, Ohio
GOAL
Free Flowing Well Plunger Installed

1200 250
Line Pressure
1000
200
800
MCF / D
150
psi
600
100
400
Daily Production Production stabilized 50

200
and increased
0 0
16-May-09
16-Feb-09
16-Jul-09
16-Nov-09
16-Dec-09
16-Aug-09
16-Sep-09
16-Mar-09
16-Jan-09
16-Jun-09
16-Jan-10
16-Oct-09
16-Apr-09
Use long term trend to set production goal

June 4 – 6, 2012
Marietta, Ohio
GOAL
1800 Free Flowing Well Plunger Installed 250

1600
1400 200
1200
150
MCF / D
1000 Line Pressure
psi
800
100
600
400 50
Daily Production Production stabilized
200
and increased
0 0
4-Oct-09
18-Oct-09
19-Apr-09
28-Jun-09
14-Jun-09
1-Nov-09
12-Jul-09
26-Jul-09
6-Sep-09
9-Aug-09
15-Nov-09
29-Nov-09
13-Dec-09
27-Dec-09
3-May-09
17-May-09
31-May-09
23-Aug-09
20-Sep-09
Target less than 5 % unplanned downtime

June 4 – 6, 2012
Marietta, Ohio
GOAL
4,500 4,000
Casing All spikes in CP with corresponding decrease in
Pressure gas production is a sign of liquid loading
4,000 3,500
3,500 Gas Lower casing pressure, 3,000
Mcf/d & Bbls/d

Produced
greater production
3,000
2,500
2,500
psi
2,000
2,000
1,500
1,500
1 1,000
1,000 Liquid
Produced
500 500
2
Use flow rate or casing pressure as a goal

June 4 – 6, 2012
Marietta, Ohio
GOAL
Production goals or
Casing
Pressure trial and error?
Super Flow
Plunger
Gas
Produced
70 %
250 Casing 300
Pressure
200 250
200
150
150
100 Standing
Valve 100
50 Gas 50
Set a production target for Produced 26 %
each well! 0 0

June 4 – 6, 2012
Marietta, Ohio
GOAL
BACKPRESSURE
Qsc = C ( Pr2 - Pwf2)n High line pressure
LIQUID LOADING
Scale / paraffin build-up
Chokes
Motor valve trim size
Multiple 90 degree elbows
Small orifice plates
IPR CURVE
Hi Pressure Well
Low Pressure Well
Over 90% of the gas wells in the US are liquid loaded

(Marathon study)
Use IPR curve to set

production target

June 4 – 6, 2012
Marietta, Ohio
GOAL
1,200 1,600
DAILY DECLINE LIQUID

PRODUCTION CURVE LOADING 1,400
1,000
1,200
800
1,000
600
CASING 800
PRESSURE
600
400
400
200
200
200 Mcf / d X 45 days X $ 4 / mcf
= $ 36,000 lost in 45 days !
Use
0
decline curve to 0
set production target

June 4 – 6, 2012
Marietta, Ohio
Optimize
a well

June 4 – 6, 2012
Marietta, Ohio
Optimize a well
 Know production target (Flow rate or casing pressure)

 Mechanical considerations
 Minimize restrictions - chokes, motor valve trim, orifice plate, etc
 No holes in tubing
 Same ID spring to spring
 No packer
 Bottom hole spring location
 End of tubing relative to perforations
 Select the appropriate plunger

June 4 – 6, 2012
Marietta, Ohio
Optimize a well
 Use checklists!
 Pre-Installation
 Installation
 Troubleshooting
 Etc
 Select the appropriate algorithm
 Time assumes limited well variations
 Self adjusting algorithms can be less labor intensive
 Minimize variation! Same lift pressure and liquid load
 Optimize production – use plunger velocity as indicator

June 4 – 6, 2012
Marietta, Ohio
Optimize a well
Pre-Installation checklist

June 4 – 6, 2012
Marietta, Ohio
Optimize a well
9
10

June 4 – 6, 2012
Marietta, Ohio
Optimize a well
Well loaded symptoms Plumbing configuration

 Well is down frequently  Ensure dry, clean gas supply to solenoid
 Adding foaming agent to well  By Pass loop for motor valve needed?
 Intermittent well  ID ball valve locations.
 Frequently swabbing or venting  Sufficient ports for transducers, gauges, etc
 Production fall off decline curve  Ensure no liquid traps
 Significant peaks and valleys in  Minimize number of 90 degree bends.
production chart  Platform needed to access lubricator?
 Flow rate nearing critical  Emergency shut-down device required?
Bottom hole sprig location

 Know seating nipple ID
 Horizontal wells - Less than 50 degree deviation.
 Vertical wells – as low as possible and still surface
plunger
 Prefer standing valve with pressure relief spring
June 4 – 6, 2012
Marietta, Ohio
Optimize a well
Installation Process
Arrival Sensor
INSTALLATION Solar Panel
Radio
Cable or Radio
FILTER CP TP LP
(if req’d)
Vent
OPENS / CLOSES
25 – 35
REGULATOR WELL
psi
SCRUBBER
1500
CASING
psi

June 4 – 6, 2012
Marietta, Ohio
Optimize a well
Installation & Start-up Process
1. Set tubing plug and pressure test tubing. If tubing integrity is good, continue.
2. Check tubing diameter using a ring gauge. If necessary, broach the tubing to
ensure no tight spots between the seating nipple and lubricator connection
point.
3. Ensure well head diameter is the
same as the tubing ID. If larger,
sleeve the wellhead.
4. Prepare the flow line and install
the flanged control valve for
plunger lift control.
5. Install the lubricator (dual outlet
preferred) on the wellhead and
plumb in the flow line.

June 4 – 6, 2012
Marietta, Ohio
Optimize a well
6. Set the bottom hole spring assembly at the prescribed location.

7. Install the plunger lift controller, ensuring required supply line pressure to the
solenoid latch valve is reliable and free of debris and liquid. Do not over
pressurize the solenoid valve or motor valve!
8. With the well closed, observe casing and tubing pressure. If the well is liquid
loaded, swab the well until the available Lift Pressure (Casing – Line) is at least
2 times the Liquid Load in the tubing (Casing – Tubing).
9. Engage the catcher to hold the plunger. Place the selected plunger in the
lubricator. Ensure the plunger selection matches the well conditions.
10. Observe the casing pressure. If casing pressure is high, resulting in a potential
rapid plunger run, open the well to bleed off some casing pressure until it is in
an acceptable range. Be careful not to liquid load the well during this process.
11. If casing pressure is in an adequate range, drop the selected plunger.

June 4 – 6, 2012
Marietta, Ohio
Optimize a well
11. Using plunger fall time calculations, allow adequate time for the plunger to
reach the bottom hole spring assembly.
12. Document the lift pressure prior to opening the well. Allow the plunger to
surface, documenting plunger arrival velocity. Generally, plunger arrival
velocities between 500 and 1000 feet per minute are desirable.
13. Allow the well to flow until the flow rate approaches the critical flow rate.
Then, shut the well in, documenting the liquid load soon after the well is
closed. Compare the liquid load, lift pressure and plunger arrival velocity.
14. If necessary, adjust controller settings in preparation for the next cycle to
achieve optimal production at desirable plunger velocities.
 Optimal Production is achieved at the lowest flowing bottom hole pressure

 Practical application strives toward operating at low casing pressures, thus lifting small
amounts of fluid on each cycle, cycling many times a day.

June 4 – 6, 2012
Marietta, Ohio
Optimize a well
Algorithm
Open Conditions Close Conditions

(After fall time elapses) (After plunger surfaces)
o Time = set point o Time = set point
o Tubing pressure = set point o Tubing pressure = set point
o Casing pressure = set point o Casing pressure = set point
o Tubing/Casing = set point Load Factor = o Flow Rate = set point
Liquid Load / = Critical flow
o Tubing – Line = set point Lift Pressure
= % of critical
o Lift pressure = set point
o Lift pressure = Foss and Gaul
o Load Factor = Set point
Objective: Objective:
Open at minimum pressure required to Maximize production while allowing the designed
surface plunger at desired plunger velocity quantity of liquid to enter tubing on every cycle

June 4 – 6, 2012
Marietta, Ohio
Optimize a well Design cycle aide
EchoMeter Plunger Lift Calculator
Design Lift Cycle
CONVENTIONAL PLUNGER EXAMPLE (8000 foot deep well)

TRADITIONAL FREQUENT TRIPS
 Fall time (Use EchoMeter to optimize)  Fall time (Use EchoMeter to optimize)
 Gas – 7750 ft @ 180 fpm  Gas – 7937 ft @ 800 fpm
 Liquid – 250 ft @ 40 fpm (1 bbl)  Liquid – 63 ft @ 40 fpm ( ¼ bbl)
 Total = 43 min + 6 min  Total = 10 min + 1.5 min
 Total = 49 min + 10%  Total = 11.5 min + 10%
 Total = 54 min  Total = 12.5 min
 CP Build  CP Build
 30 min to reach req’d pressure  Open when plunger reaches bottom
 Higher pressure req’d to lift 1 bbl  Less pressure req’d to lift ¼ bbl
 Rise Time  Rise Time
 600 fpm = 13 min  600 fpm = 13 min
 Production mode (afterflow)  Production mode (afterflow)
 60 min  15 min
 Total cycle = 2.6 hours or 9 trips / day  Total cycle = 40.5 min or 35.5 trips / day
 Total Production time = 9 hours  Total Production time = 8.75 hours
(Partially in liquid loaded tubing) (Clear tubing, lower flowing pressure)

June 4 – 6, 2012
Marietta, Ohio
Optimize a well
Design Lift Cycle
UNCONVENTIONAL PLUNGER EXAMPLE

Plunger falls Casing
when well is Pressure
open
Tubing
Pressure
Only round trip
times recorded Flow
Rate
Less shut-in
Line
Pressure
Excessive
plunger
velocities
possible
Plunger free cycling

June 4 – 6, 2012
Marietta, Ohio
Optimize
many wells

June 4 – 6, 2012
Marietta, Ohio
Optimize many wells
1. Install artificial lift before production declines

2. Determine best artificial lift type for well conditions
3. Know target (production or casing pressure)
4. Aggressively prevent unplanned downtime
5. Troubleshoot – detect rapidly, solve root cause!
6. Prioritize wells daily – before driving route
7. Produce at the lowest flowing bottom hole pressure
8. Train wide and deep!

June 4 – 6, 2012
Marietta, Ohio
Optimize many wells
1. Install A.L. before liquid loading
Install Plunger Lift Critical Flow Rate Area

(Turner may under predict)
July 2009 Chesapeake published decline curve

June 4 – 6, 2012
Marietta, Ohio
Optimize many wells
2. Know which A.L. type to use
GLR for Plunger Lift (Barnett Shale)

Minimum Gas Volume Required
1200 (7500 ft TVD)
 400 scf / Bbl / 1000 ft of Lift
 3 Mcf per BBL or GLR = 3
1000 A.L. GENERALLY NOT REQUIRED GLR = 10
800 Note:
MCF / D
Higher GLR wells are easier to

keep running, resulting in less
600 non productive time
GLR = 5
400
GLR = 3
200 CONSIDER:
2 Stage Plunger Lift,
Gas Assisted Plunger Lift,
0 Plunger Assisted Gas Lift
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
BBLS / D

June 4 – 6, 2012
Marietta, Ohio
Optimize many wells
2. Know which A.L. type to use
TWO STAGE PLUNGER LIFT GAS ASSISTED PLUNGER LIFT PLUNGER ASSISTED GAS LIFT
o Low GLR, marginal wells o Low GLR wells o Low GLR wells
o 200 scf / bbl / 1000 ft o Gas injected to annulus o Add plunger to

400 scf / bbl / 1000 ft intermittent gas lift wells
o Two or more plungers in
the same well o Short shut-in times o Reduces injected gas
requirements (30 % range)
o Ideal for slim hole or o + / - 250 Bbls / day
wells with packers possible o Eliminates fall back
o Can be used with injection o Plunger seal is important o Increases production

gas

June 4 – 6, 2012
Marietta, Ohio
Optimize many wells
3. Set production target – flow rate or casing pressure
1,200 1,600
DAILY DECLINE
PRODUCTION CURVE 1,400
1,000 Set a production or casing
1,200
800
pressure goal for each well
1,000
600 800
600
400
400
200
200
CASING
0 PRESSURE 0
20-Feb
20-Nov
20-Dec
20-Nov
20-Dec
20-Oct
20-Feb
20-Oct
20-Mar
20-Apr
20-May
20-Aug
20-Sep
20-Mar
20-Apr
20-May
20-Aug
20-Sep
20-Jan
20-Jun
20-Jul
20-Jan
20-Jun
20-Jul
20-Jan

June 4 – 6, 2012
Marietta, Ohio
Optimize many wells
PRODUCTION $’s $’s $’s

($ 4.50 / Mcf) per day per week per month
25 Mcf / day $ 113 $ 788 $ 3,150
50 Mcf / day $ 225 $ 1,575 $ 6,300
100 Mcf / day $ 450 $ 3,150 $ 12,600
250 Mcf / day $ 1,125 $ 7,875 $ 31,500
500 Mcf / day $ 2,250 $ 15,750 $ 63,000
750 Mcf / day $ 3,375 $ 23,625 $ 94,500
1,000 Mcf / day $ 4,500 $ 31,500 $ 126,000
How long to re-start a well? How long to detect after problem occurs, allocate well
tender time, get parts, schedule wire line, schedule swab rig, etc ?
June 4 – 6, 2012
Marietta, Ohio
Optimize many wells
PREVENTATIVE MAINTENANCE

June 4 – 6, 2012
Marietta, Ohio
Optimize many wells
PREVENTATIVE MAINTENANCE

June 4 – 6, 2012
Marietta, Ohio
Optimize many wells
5. Troubleshoot -
1. DETECT RAPIDLY
Station Name : Well # 2 H
Alarm Text : Low Sales Press
Time Logged : Feb 4, 2011, 7:06 AM
Value : 32.9
Set point : 45.0 ALARM!
2. DIAGNOSE WITH DATA

 Then prescribe
3. WORK THE RIGHT PROBLEM

 Pareto Analysis
 Training? Process ?
4. SOLVE ROOT CAUSE USE TELEMETRY !

 Plan, Do, Check, Act
 5 Why’s
 A3’s
Measure to Manage

June 4 – 6, 2012
Marietta, Ohio
Optimize many wells
5. Troubleshoot -
Casing
Pressure
Liquid
Load
Lift LOOK FOR VARIATIONS
Pressure TO THE TYPICAL
PLUNGER CYCLE !
Flow Rate
Tubing
Pressure
Line
Pressure

June 4 – 6, 2012
Marietta, Ohio
Optimize many wells
5. Troubleshoot -
Casing
Pressure
Tubing
Pressure
Flow
Rate
Line
Pressure Control Valve Closed
 Tubing declines
 Flow rate observed
Control Valve Leak!

June 4 – 6, 2012
Marietta, Ohio
Optimize many wells
5. Troubleshoot -
Casing
Pressure Control Valve Closed
 Line pressure declines
Tubing Possible Dump Valve Leak!
Pressure
Flow
Rate
Line
Pressure

June 4 – 6, 2012
Marietta, Ohio
Optimize many wells
5. Troubleshoot -
Casing
Pressure Control Valve Open
 Well closed when flow
Tubing rate is increasing
Pressure Flow longer!
Flow
Rate
Line
Pressure

June 4 – 6, 2012
Marietta, Ohio
Optimize many wells
5. Troubleshoot -
Casing
Pressure
Tubing
Pressure
Line
Pressure
Control Valve Closed

 Casing and tubing equalize
Flow  Pushing liquid out of tubing
Rate Shorten close time or add a
standing valve

June 4 – 6, 2012
Marietta, Ohio
Optimize many wells
5. Troubleshoot -
Liquid Load
Lift Pressure
Plunger Velocity
Close time Self Adjusting Controllers
Production
Greater than 1000 fpm
500 to 1000 fpm
Less than 500 fpm

June 4 – 6, 2012
Marietta, Ohio
Optimize many wells
5. Troubleshoot -
COMMON PROBLEMS
SYMPTOM POSSIBLE CAUSES

Plunger stuck in lubricator. Worn plunger. Lift pressure insufficient. Too much
No arrivals liquid. Disconnected arrival sensor. Arrival sensor malfunction. Excessive
grease in tubing from wellhead valves. Plunger stuck in tubing – try retrieval
plunger. Rapid fall plunger flow valve hung open.
Slow arrivals Worn plunger. Lift pressure insufficient. Too much liquid. Tubing restriction
(scale, paraffin). Wrong plunger style.
Fast arrivals Fall time too short. Plunger hung in well head – check catcher and well head
valves. Tight spot in tubing. Too much lift pressure. Not enough liquid load.
No gas supply pressure – check regulator. Clogged filter. Liquid in gas supply
Motor valve will not open line. Debris in solenoid valve. Solenoid valve malfunction. Hole in motor valve
diaphragm.
Motor valve will not close Liquid in gas supply line. Debris in solenoid valve. Solenoid valve malfunction.
Solenoid vent line plugged.
Motor valve leaks Hydrate or other obstacle in trim. Inspect / replace trim. Consider ceramic trim.
Lubricator top seeps / leaks Dry threads. Inspect “o” ring. Grease “o” ring.

June 4 – 6, 2012
Marietta, Ohio
Optimize many wells
5. Troubleshoot -
COMMON PROBLEMS
SYMPTOM POSSIBLE CAUSES

Inspect battery. Inspect solar panel wires. Inspect solar
Short battery life panel – clean? 45 degree? Facing south? Check radio
– constant on?
Plunger fishing neck mushroomed Lubricator spring worn or too stiff. Fast plunger runs.
Catcher will not trap plunger Inspect / replace spring (ball and spring type).
Motor valve closed, flow rate not zero Motor valve leak or calibrate flow meter
Flow rate increasing at end of afterflow Flow longer
Motor valve closed, TP & CP slowly equalize, fast Pressure is pushing liquid out of tubing. Shorten close
and dry plunger runs, possible liquid produced after time or add a standing valve.
plunger arrives
Fall time elapsed, casing pressure not increasing, Reduce shut-in time or open at lower lift pressure
shut-in time remains
Consistent plunger runs; consistent fluid loads Tubing set too high. Liquid column slowly builds below
followed by instant liquid loading and no plunger runs tubing. When column reaches tubing, well loads
Fast, dry plunger runs. Liquid in tubing on each cycle Fall time too short
June 4 – 6, 2012
Marietta, Ohio
Optimize many wells
5. Troubleshoot -
25 psi Motor
2
To Valve
Motor
4 Valve
1 Latching
Solenoid
3 Valve
Supply Line
Vent Line
1) Check supply line pressure (clean gas)
2) Check pressure to motor valve
3) Ensure vent line is not obstructed
4) Ensure solenoid valve is functioning 5
 Clean if obstructed
5) Check trim/seat for wear, leaks
June 4 – 6, 2012
Marietta, Ohio
Optimize many wells
5. Troubleshoot -
COMMON PROBLEMS
• If vent to tanks to raise

plunger, how long should
you vent after plunger
surfaces?
• If swab, how do you know

when it’s OK to restart the
plunger?

June 4 – 6, 2012
Marietta, Ohio
Optimize many wells
5. Troubleshoot -
WORK ON THE RIGHT PROBLEM
Barbour County 12 H
Jan through Aug 20XX

June 4 – 6, 2012
Marietta, Ohio
Optimize many wells
5. Troubleshoot -
SOLVE ROOT CAUSE
Well Conditions Operator Controller

Appropriate for Knowledge Self adjusting
plunger lift
Data Access Real time access
Time Real time alarms
Actionable data
What
prevents
missed
arrivals?
Notify prior to maintenance Worn
Compatible with algorithm Correct type
Line Pressure Variations Plunger

June 4 – 6, 2012
Marietta, Ohio
Optimize many wells
5. Troubleshoot -
SOLVE ROOT CAUSE
1. WHY is plunger missing arrivals?

 Upward force is insufficient to push plunger to the surface
2. WHY is upward force insufficient?

 No missed arrivals for prior 3 months. Lift pressure and liquid load have
not changed. Plunger is worn.
3. WHY is plunger worn?
 Plungers are only replaced when frequent missed arrivals occur,
after production declines.
4. WHY wait until profits are lost?
 We have not implemented a preventative maintenance plunger replacement
program
5. WHY don’t we have a plunger preventative maintenance
program? ? ?
June 4 – 6, 2012
Marietta, Ohio
Optimize many wells
5. Troubleshoot -
SOLVE ROOT CAUSE “A problem well defined is a
ACT PLAN problem half solved”
Adjust Understand the

problem
1) Is the problem
5) Has a plan been
statement clear and
identified to
accurate?
standardize and save
2) Has the systemic root
all lessons learned
cause been
across all groups?
identified?
DO
CHECK Implement the plan
Follow-up
4) Has a plan been 3) Has irreversible
identified to verify corrective actions
the effectiveness of been implemented for
all corrective all root causes?
actions?

June 4 – 6, 2012
Marietta, Ohio
Optimize many wells
6. Prioritize daily
Well Names
Prioritize before
going to well site!

June 4 – 6, 2012
Marietta, Ohio
Optimize many wells
7. Produce at lowest flowing bottom hole pressure
 Know production target
 Minimize restrictions
 Select correct plunger
 Use a standing valve
 Address well variations

with algorithm
Max
 Review on each cycle Cycles Smallest
 Fluid in tubing Liquid
 Lift pressure Loads Lowest
 Plunger velocity BHP
 Shut-in time Most
 Gas produced Production

June 4 – 6, 2012
Marietta, Ohio
Optimize
Review
OPTIMIZE PRODUCITON

June 4 – 6, 2012
Marietta, Ohio
Copyright
Rights to this presentation are owned by the company(ies) and/or
author(s) listed on the title page. By submitting this presentation to
the Gas Well Deliquification Workshop, they grant to the Workshop,
the Artificial Lift Research and Development Council (ALRDC), and
the Southwestern Petroleum Short Course (SWPSC), rights to:
– Display the presentation at the Workshop.
– Place it on the www.alrdc.com web site, with access to the site to be
as directed by the Workshop Steering Committee.
– Place it on a CD for distribution and/or sale as directed by the
Workshop Steering Committee.
Other use of this presentation is prohibited without the expressed
written permission of the author(s). The owner company(ies) and/or
author(s) may publish this material in other journals or magazines if
they refer to the Gas Well Deliquification Workshop where it was
first presented.

June 4 – 6, 2012
Marietta, Ohio
Disclaimer
The following disclaimer shall be included as the last page of a Technical Presentation or
Continuing Education Course. A similar disclaimer is included on the front page of the Gas Well
Deliquification Web Site.
The Artificial Lift Research and Development Council and its officers and trustees, and the Gas
Well Deliquification Workshop Steering Committee members, and their supporting organizations
and companies (here-in-after referred to as the Sponsoring Organizations), and the author(s) of
this Technical Presentation or Continuing Education Training Course and their company(ies),
provide this presentation and/or training material at the Gas Well Deliquification Workshop "as is"
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June 4 – 6, 2012
Marietta, Ohio

Optimizing and Troubleshooting Plunger Lift Wells2

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Appalachian Basin

Gas Well Deliquification Seminar

David Cosby, P.E.

Appalachian Basin Gas Well Deliquification Seminar 2

 On original decline curve

Appalachian Basin Gas Well Deliquification Seminar 3

Free Flowing Well Plunger Installed

Daily Production Production stabilized 50

Use long term trend to set production goal

Appalachian Basin Gas Well Deliquification Seminar 4

1800 Free Flowing Well Plunger Installed 250

1000 Line Pressure

Target less than 5 % unplanned downtime

Appalachian Basin Gas Well Deliquification Seminar 5

3,500 Gas Lower casing pressure, 3,000

Mcf/d & Bbls/d

Use flow rate or casing pressure as a goal

Appalachian Basin Gas Well Deliquification Seminar 6

Appalachian Basin Gas Well Deliquification Seminar 7

Low Pressure Well

Over 90% of the gas wells in the US are liquid loaded

Use IPR curve to set

Appalachian Basin Gas Well Deliquification Seminar 8

DAILY DECLINE LIQUID

Appalachian Basin Gas Well Deliquification Seminar 9

Appalachian Basin Gas Well Deliquification Seminar 10

 Know production target (Flow rate or casing pressure)

Appalachian Basin Gas Well Deliquification Seminar 11

Appalachian Basin Gas Well Deliquification Seminar 12

Appalachian Basin Gas Well Deliquification Seminar 13

Appalachian Basin Gas Well Deliquification Seminar 14

Well loaded symptoms Plumbing configuration

Bottom hole sprig location

Appalachian Basin Gas Well Deliquification Seminar 16

Appalachian Basin Gas Well Deliquification Seminar 17

6. Set the bottom hole spring assembly at the prescribed location.

Appalachian Basin Gas Well Deliquification Seminar 18

 Optimal Production is achieved at the lowest flowing bottom hole pressure

Appalachian Basin Gas Well Deliquification Seminar 19

Open Conditions Close Conditions

Appalachian Basin Gas Well Deliquification Seminar 20

CONVENTIONAL PLUNGER EXAMPLE (8000 foot deep well)

Appalachian Basin Gas Well Deliquification Seminar 21

UNCONVENTIONAL PLUNGER EXAMPLE

Appalachian Basin Gas Well Deliquification Seminar 22

Appalachian Basin Gas Well Deliquification Seminar 23

1. Install artificial lift before production declines

Appalachian Basin Gas Well Deliquification Seminar 24

Install Plunger Lift Critical Flow Rate Area

July 2009 Chesapeake published decline curve

Appalachian Basin Gas Well Deliquification Seminar 25

GLR for Plunger Lift (Barnett Shale)

Higher GLR wells are easier to

Appalachian Basin Gas Well Deliquification Seminar 26

o 200 scf / bbl / 1000 ft o Gas injected to annulus o Add plunger to

o Can be used with injection o Plunger seal is important o Increases production

Appalachian Basin Gas Well Deliquification Seminar 27

Appalachian Basin Gas Well Deliquification Seminar 28

PRODUCTION $’s $’s $’s

Appalachian Basin Gas Well Deliquification Seminar 30

Appalachian Basin Gas Well Deliquification Seminar 31

2. DIAGNOSE WITH DATA

3. WORK THE RIGHT PROBLEM

4. SOLVE ROOT CAUSE USE TELEMETRY !