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(BDA 31003)
[ ]
a11 a 12 ⋯ a 1n
a a 22 ⋯ a 2n
[a]= 21
⋮ ⋮ . ⋮
a m1 a m2 ⋯ a mn Row m
Column n
Rectangular matrix
[ M ]= [ 5 3 −3 2
− 6 5 4 − 19 ] 2x4
[ ]
5 3 −3
Square matrix [C ]= 5 4 − 19 3x3
2 4 −3
[ ]{ }
Vector
5 5
Column matrix (Vector)
Vector [F ]= 3 = 3 3x1
−3 −3
BDA 31003 Waluyo Adi Siswanto 4
Transpose Matrix
[a ij ] = [a ji ]
T
[ ] [ ]
5 3 −3 5 5 2
[C ]= 5 4 − 19 [C ] = 3
T
4 4
2 4 −3 − 3 − 19 − 3
Diagonal
unchanged
Prepare data
Insert function
TRANSPOSE
Select the
array data
Prepare area for result
OK
To show
The result
Prepare data
Insert function
TRANSPOSE PRESS F2
Select the
array data then
[ ] [ ]
5 3 −3 5 3 −3
[C ]= 3 4 8 [C ] = 3 4 8
T
−3 8 −3 − 3 8 −3
[C ] is a symmetric matrix
[ a][ I ]= [ I ][ a ]= [a ]
[ ]
1 0 0
For example, the 3 x 3 unit matrix is given by [I ]= 0 1 0
0 0 1
[ ]
[ A]= − 1 2
−3 2 [ ]
[B ]= 1 2
3 1 [ ]
[C ]= [ A] [ B]= 0 4
0 3
The number of the columns of the first matrix must be equal to the number of
rows of the second matrix.
n
[ cij ]= ∑ a ie bej
e= 1
[ ]
[ A]= 2 1
3 2 [ ]
[ B ]= 1 − 1
2 0 [ ]
[C ]= [ A][B]= 4 − 2
7 −3
Prepare data
[A] and [B]
OK
To show
The result
−1 [ C ]T
adj[ A]
[ A] = =
∣ A∣ ∣ A∣
[C ] : Cofactor of matrix [ A]
∣ A∣ : Determinant of matrix [ A]
[ −1 3 − 2
[ A ]= 2 − 4 2
]
[ ]
0 4 1
| | | | | |
−4 2 2 2 2 −4
[ ]
+ − +
4 1 0 1 0 4
| | | | | |
−12 −22 8
[C ]= − 3 −2 +
−1 − 2
−
−1 3 = −11 −1 4
4 1 0 1 0 4 −2 −2 − 2
| | | | | |
+ 3 −2
−4 2
− −1 − 2
2 2
+ −1 3
2 −4
[
−12 −11 −2
adj [ A ]=[C ] = −2 −1 −2
T
8 4 −2
]
| | | | | |
det [ A]=| A|=−1( +1) − 4 2 + 3 (−1) 2 2 − 2 (+1) 2 − 4 = −10
4 1 0 1 0 4
OK
To show
The result
OK
To show
The result
[ ]{ } { }
The equation can be written in Matrix
a 11 a 12 ⋯ a 1 n x1 c1
a 21 a 22 ⋯ a 2 n x2 = c2
⋮ ⋮ . ⋮ ⋮ ⋮
an 1 a n 2 ⋯ a nn xn cn
or [K ]{ x }= { F } then
−1
{ x }= [K ] { F }
[ −1 3 −2
2 −4 2
0 4 1
]{ } { }
x1 2
x2 = 1
x3 3
or [K ]{ x }= { F } then
−1
{ x }= [K ] { F }
The result:
{ }{ }
x1 4.1
x 2 = 1.1
x3 −1.4
[ −1 3 −2
2 −4 2
0 4 1
]{ } { }
x1 2
x2 = 1
x3 3
∣
2 3 −2
1 −4 2
3 4 1
∣
∣ ∣
x 1= = 4.1
−1 3 2
2 −4 2
0 4 1
∣
−1 2 − 2
2 1 2
0 3 1 ∣ ∣
−1 3 2
0
∣
2 −4 1
4 3
∣ ∣ ∣ ∣
x 2= = 1.1 x 3= = 1.4
−1 3 2 −1 3 2
2 −4 2 2 −4 2
0 4 1 0 4 1
( )
n
1
xi = a i , n +1− ∑ a ir x r
a ii r=i +1
i=3
j = 1 to 4
Calculate aij
i.e. a31 a32 a33 a34
k=2
i=3
j = 2 to 4
Calculate aij
i.e. a32 a33 a34
aik a 21 2
a ij = aij − a kj a 21 =a 21 −a 11 = 2−2 ( )=0
akk a 11 2
a 21 2
a 22 =a 22 −a 12 =1− 2( )=−1
a 11 2
a 21 2
a 23 =a 23 −a 13 = 0−1( ) =−1
a 11 2
a 21 2
a 24 =a 24 −a 14 = 4−9 ( )=−5
a 11 2
BDA 31003 Waluyo Adi Siswanto 33
[ ]
2 2 1 i=3
[a]= 2 1 0 j = 1 to 4
1 1 1 Calculate aij
i.e. a31 a32 a33 a34
aik a 31 1
a ij = aij − a kj a 31 =a 31 − a 11 =1−2 ( )=0
akk a 11 2
a 31 1
a 32 =a 32 − a 12 =1−2 ( )=0
a 11 2
a 31 1
a 33 =a 33− a 13 =1−1( )=0.5
a 11 2
a 31 1
a 34 =a 34− a 14 =6−9 ( )=1.5
a 11 2
BDA 31003 Waluyo Adi Siswanto 34
[ ]
2 2 1 k=2
[a]= 2 1 0 i=3
1 1 1 j = 2 to 4
Calculate aij
i.e. a32 a33 a34
aik a 32 0
a ij = aij − a kj a 32 =a 32− a 22 = 0−(−1) ( )= 0
akk a 22 −1
a 32 0
a 33 =a 33 − a 23 =( 0.5)−(−1) ( )=0.5
a 22 −1
a 32 0
a 34 =a 34− a 24 =1.5−( −5)( )=1.5
a 22 −1
1 1
x 3 = ( a 34 −0 ) =( ) (1.5) =3
a 33 0.5
1 1
x2=
a 22
( a 24 − a 23 3 )
x =(
−1
)[−5−(−1) ( 3)]=2
1 1
x 1 = ( a 14− a12 x 2 −a 13 x3 ) =( )[9− 2( 2)−1 (3) ]=1
a11 2
1
x 1= ( c1 −a 12 x 2− a 13 x 3 −⋯−a 1 n x n )
a 11
1
x2 = ( c2 − a 21 x 1 −a 23 x 3−⋯− a 2 n x n )
a 22
⋮
1
xn= ( c n −a n 1 x 1− a n 2 x 2 −⋯−a n ,n −1 x n−1 )
a nn
ci
A good initial guess x i=
a ii