LA VOZ PASIVA

FUNCIONES DE LA VOZ PASIVA

La voz pasiva se utiliza para mostrar interés por la persona o cosa que es objeto de una acción, en lugar de la persona o
cosa que realiza dicha acción. Dicho de otro modo, la persona o cosa más importante pasa a ser el sujeto de la oración.
The passive voice is used frequently. ( nos interesa la voz pasiva, no quién la usa.)
En ocasiones empleamos la voz pasiva porque desconocemos o no queremos mencionar quién realizó la acción.
I noticed that a window had been left open.

La voz pasiva suele utilizarse en textos formales. Cambiar a la voz activa hará que lo que escribes resulte más claro y fácil
de leer.

Pasiva Activa
A great deal of meaning is conveyed by a A few well-chosen words convey a great deal of
few well-chosen words. meaning
Our planet is wrapped in a mass of gases. A mass of gases wrap around our planet.

Si queremos decir quién o qué realiza la acción en una construcción en pasiva, empleamos la preposición "by". Cuando
sabemos quién realizó la acción y el sujeto nos interesa, siempre es mejor optar por la voz activa.

Pasiva Activa
"A Hard Day's Night" was written by The Beatles wrote "A Hard
the Beatles. Day's Night".
This house was built by my father. My father built this house.

FORMACIÓN DE LA VOZ PASIVA

En inglés, la voz pasiva está compuesta por dos elementos:
la forma apropiada del verbo "to be" + "past participle"

LA VOZ PASIVA CON INFINITIVOS

El infinitivo en la voz pasiva se emplea detrás de los verbos modales y de la mayoría de los verbos que normalmente
van seguidos de infinitivo.
You have to be tested on your English grammar.
LA VOZ PASIVA CON EL "GERUND"
El "gerund" en la voz pasiva se utiliza después de las preposiciones y verbos que normalmente van seguidos de
"gerund".
I remember being taught to drive.

USO DE "TO BE BORN"

"To be born" es una formación pasiva y suele emplearse en pasado. Sin embargo, en algunos casos, el presente
o el futuro resultan apropiados.
I was born in 1976.
Para transformar una oración activa a pasiva tenemos en cuenta los siguientes puntos:

1. El objeto de la oración activa pasa a ser el sujeto de la pasiva.

2. El verbo principal se sustituye por el auxiliar “to be”, en su mismo tiempo, junto al verbo principal en participio.

3. El sujeto de la oración principal pasa a ser complemento agente de la pasiva.

4. Si hacemos mención en la oración del sujeto que realiza la acción (sujeto agente), este irá normalmente
precedido por la preposición “by”.

Presta atención al siguiente cuadro:

1.- Turn the following sentences into passive voice: 2.- Turn the following sentences into active voice
1. The stone was thrown by the boy.
1. They had won the race.
The race ________________ . __________________________________________.
2. He has seen two bulls this morning.
Two bulls ______________ this morning. 2. Those thieves will be arrested by the police.
3. I was buying the newspaper when I saw Mary this morning.
The newspaper ______________when Mary was seen this morning. __________________________________________.
4. They are buying a new house this afternoon.
A new house _______________this afternoon. 3. Nine gold medals have been won by Bolt.
5. Paul has sold his two cars.
His two cars ______________. __________________________________________.
6. I put the glasses on the table yesterday.
The glasses______________ on the table yesterday. 4. Hamlet was written by Shakespeare.
7. I was feeding the animal yesterday at 10 o'clock.
The animal ______________yesterday at 10 o'clock __________________________________________.
8. They had painted the house the week before.
The house _____________the week before. 5. The most attractive goal was scored by Cristiano
9. She has given Paul a kiss this morning. Ronaldo.
Paul ___________a kiss this morning.
10. They hid the treasure a long time ago. _________________________.
The treasure ______________a long time ago.
11. We listened to a strong noise coming from the street. 4.- choose the correct option
A strong noise ____________to coming from the street.
12. They are studying English right now.
English ___________right now.
13. They drank two pints at Paul's house.
Two pints _____________at Paul's house.
14. They found two fossils of mammoth.
Two fossils of mammouth ______________ .
15. I didn't recognize Mary at first sight.
Mary ____________ at first sight.
16. I don't know her.
She ______________ .
17. He was driving his car when I phoned her.
His car ____________ when she was phoned.
18. They have stolen all the food.
All the food _____________ .
20. You can't park cars in here.
Cars ___________ in here.

3.- Rewrite the sentences in passive voice. 5.- Rewrite the sentences in passive voice.

John collects money. I can answer the question. -

Anna opened the window. She would carry the box. -
We have done our homework. You should open the window. -
I will ask a question. We might play cards. -
He can cut out the picture. You ought to wash the car. -
The sheep ate a lot. He must fill in the form. -
We do not clean our rooms. They need not buy bread. -
William will not repair the car. He could not read the sentence. -
Did Sue draw this circle? Will the teacher test our English? -
Could you feed the dog? Could Jenny lock the door? -
 6.-Rewrite the sentences in passive voice. 9.- Fill the gaps with the correct tenses (active or passive voice).

Sheila is drinking a cup of tea. - 1.- In the year 122 AD, the Roman Emperor Hadrian (visit)
My father is washing the car. - ________his provinces in Britain.
Farmer Joe is milking the cows. - 2.-On his visit, the Roman soldiers (tell) ___________ him that
She is taking a picture of him. - Pictish tribes from Britain's north (attack)_______________ them.
3.-So Hadrian (give)________ the order to build a protective wall
I am writing a poem. -
across one of the narrowest parts of the country.
We are not playing football. -
4.-After 6 years of hard work, the Wall (finish) ________in 128.
He is not wearing a tie. - 5.- It (be) ____________117 kilometres long and about 4 metres
Is she preparing the party? - high.
Are they talking about the meeting? - 6.-The Wall (guard) ______________ by 15,000 Roman soldiers.
Is she watering the flowers? - 7.-Every 8 kilometers there (be) ____________ a large fort in
which up to 1,000 soldiers (find) ______________ shelter.
7.-Rewrite the sentences in passive 8.-The soldiers (watch) ___________ over the frontier to the north
voice. and (check) __________ the people who (want) _____________ to
enter or leave Roman Britain.
I had worn blue shoes. - 9.-In order to pass through the Wall, people (must go)
Joe had cleaned the tables. - ____________ to one of the small forts that (serve) ___________
We had lost the key. - as gateways.
They had started a fight. - 10.-Those forts (call) __________ milecastles because the
I had been reading an article. - distance from one fort to another (be) ____________ one Roman
I had not closed the window. - mile (about 1,500 metres).
They had not bought the paper. - 11.-Between the milecastles there (be) ___________ two turrets
She had not noticed me. - from which the soldiers (guard) _____________ the Wall.
Had she solved the problem? - 12.-If the Wall (attack) _______________ by enemies, the soldiers
Had he recorded that song? - at the turrets (run) _______________ to the nearest milecastle for
help or (light) ____________a fire that (can / see)
8.-Rewrite the sentences in passive voice ________________ by the soldiers in the milecastle.
Jenny would congratulate you. - 13.-In 383 Hadrian's Wall (abandon) ___________.
We would pick you up. - 14.-Today Hadrian's Wall (be) ______________the most popular
She would order a pizza. - tourist attraction in northern England.
He would build a new house. - 15.-In 1987, it (become) _____________a UNESCO World
They would take the opportunity. - Heritage Site.
You would not recognize Jim. -
I would not do that kind of job. -
Would they decorate the room? -
Would the DJ play this song? -
4. The master punished the servant. / The
Would Simon open the window? -
servant ......................... by the master.
A. is punished
10.-Sentences are given in the active voice. Change them B. was punished
into the passive voice C. has punished
1. He teaches English. / English ................... by him. 5. He was writing a book. / A book ....................... by him.
A. taught A. was written
B. is taught B. had written
C. was taught C. was being written
2. The child is eating bananas. / Bananas .................... by the 6. Who wrote this letter? / By whom ......................?
child. A. was this letter written
A. are eaten B. was this letter being written
B. are being eaten C. had this letter written
C. have been eaten 7. Somebody cooks meal every day. / Meal ......................
3. She is writing a letter. / A letter ....................... by her. by someone every day.
A. is written A. is cooked
B. is being written B. has cooked
C. has been written C. is cooking
8. He wore a blue shirt. / A blue shirt .................... by him.
A. wore
B. was wore
C. was worn
11.-
 El imperativo tiene una sola persona para singular y plural, que se denomina 'segunda persona de imperativo'

Stop! / ¡Detente!
Wait! / ¡Espera!

Para la forma negativa, utilizamos 'do not' (don't) antes del verbo.

Don't stop! / ¡No pares!

- El sujeto cuando se incluye normalmente figura al final de la frase

Come here, John! / ¡Ven aquí, John!

- Podemos utilizar 'do' precediendo al imperativo. Es una forma enfática de expresión (la construcción de imperativo
con 'do' le da una mayor firmeza).

Do enjoy yourselves! / ¡Divertíos!

Do be quiet! / ¡Quietos!

- Para las otras personas se emplea como auxiliar el verbo 'to let' (permitir, dejar).

Let us write! / ¡Escribamos!

Let's (let us) not go! / ¡No vayamos!

- Normalmente, la segunda persona de imperativo se acompaña de 'please' para hacer la expresión menos drástica.

Come here, please! / ¡Ven aquí, por favor!

- Determina el orden de ciertas palabras

'always' y 'never' se colocan siempre delante del imperativo

12. Escribe las siguientes frases en forma imperativa siguiendo el ejemplo:

1. The window is closed. Paul can open it.

2. It's time for Helen to get up.

3. I'd like Paul to turn down his radio.

4. I want Paul to bring me a newspaper.

5. I don't want Helen to be late tonight.