Lesson Guide in Earth and Life Science

I. OBJECTIVES

A. Content Standards The learners demonstrate an understanding of the formation of

the universe and the solar system.

B. Performance The learners shall be able to make a concept map and use it to
Standards explain how the geosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and
biosphere are interconnected
C. Learning The learners describe the historical development of theories that
Competencies/ explain the origin of the Universe
Objectives S11-12ES-Ia-e-1

II. CONTENT I. ORIGIN AND STRUCTURE OF THE EARTH

1. The Universe and Solar System
III. LEARNING
RESOURCES

A. References

Teaching Guide for Senior High School

EARTH SCIENCE
1. Teacher’s Guide
INITIAL RELEASE: 14 JUNE 2016
pages
Published by the Commission on Higher Education, 2016
Lesson 1: The Universe and the Solar System pp 1 - 13
2. Learner’s
Manual pages
Earth and Life Science by Teresita F. Religioso and Lilia G.
3. Textbook pages
Vengco, Phoenix Publishing House, 2016 pages 2 – 15
4. Additional
Materials from
Learning
Resource (LR)
portal
B. Other Learning History of the World in 2 Hours
Resources

IV. PROCEDURES

IN THE BEGINNING…
Recall your idea of the beginning of the universe. On a piece of
A. Reviewing previous
paper, write or draw your thoughts about the beginning of the
lesson or
universe. Share these ideas to the class.
presenting new
lesson
WORD GAME CHALLENGE
(REVIEW)
Using each letter of the word UNIVERSE, the students will cite
science-related words.

B. Establishing a Video Clip on

purpose of the History of the World in 2 Hours
lesson Guide Question:
(MOTIVATION)
1. Based on the video clip, ask the students how old is the
Universe and the Earth.

But how large exactly is a billion? Ask the students how long will
it take them to spend 1 billion pesos if they spend 1 peso per
second.

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Show students the series of photographs as follows:

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C. Presenting
examples/instances
of the new lesson
(PRE-ACTIVITY)

Any explanation of the origin of the Universe should be

consistent with all information about its composition, structure,
accelerating expansion, cosmic microwave background radiation
among others.

Show the photographs of the Light spectrum

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 Activity: Doppler Effect and Interactive
(http://molebash.com/doppler/horn/horn1.ht)
D. Discussing new Ask the students to watch two short video clips filmed inside a car. Try
concepts and to determine where the horn is
coming from. Is it coming from inside the car or outside the car? If
practicing new skills
outside the car, where?
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(ACTIVITY PROPER)

A. Origin of the Universe

Non-scientific Thought
• Ancient Egyptians believed in many gods and myths which
narrate that the world arose from
an infinite sea at the first rising of the sun.
• The Kuba people of Central Africa tell the story of a creator god
Mbombo (or Bumba) who,
alone in a dark and water-covered Earth, felt an intense stomach
pain and then vomited the
stars, sun, and moon.
• In India, there is the narrative that gods sacrificed Purusha, the
primal man whose head, feet,
eyes, and mind became the sky, earth, sun, and moon
respectively.
• The monotheistic religions of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam
claim that a supreme being
created the universe, including man and other living organisms.
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Teacher Tip
Unlike hypotheses in the sciences, religious
beliefs cannot be subjected to tests using
the scientific method. For this reason, they
C. Discussing new cannot be considered valid topic of
concepts and scientific inquiry.
practicing new skills Steady State Model
2 • The now discredited steady state model of the universe was
(DEEPENING) proposed in 1948 by Bondi and
Gould and by Hoyle.It maintains that new matter is created as
the universe expands thereby
maintaining its density.
• Its predictions led to tests and its eventual rejection with the
discovery of the cosmic
microwave background.
Big Bang Theory
• As the currently accepted theory of the origin and evolution of
the universe, the Big Bang
Theory postulates that 13.8 billion years ago, the universe
expanded from a tiny, dense and
hot mass to its present size and much cooler state.
• The theory rests on two ideas: General Relativity and the
Cosmological Principle. In Einstein’s
General Theory of Relativity, gravity is thought of as a distortion
of space-time and no longer
described by a gravitational field in contrast to the Law of Gravity
of Isaac Newton. General
Relativity explains the peculiarities of the orbit of Mercury and the
bending of light by the
Sun and has passed rigorous tests. The Cosmological Principle
assumes that the universe is
homogeneous and isotropic when averaged over large scales.

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 This is consistent with our
current large-scale image of the universe. But keep in mind that it
is clumpy at smaller scales.
• The Big Bang Theory has withstood the tests for expansion: 1)
the redshift 2) abundance of
hydrogen, helium, and lithium, and 3) the uniformly pervasive
cosmic microwave background
radiation-the remnant heat from the bang.

- Video 1 - horn is coming from the inside of the car. There is

hardly any change in the volume
and pitch of the horn.
- Video 2 - horn is coming from outside of the car. Specifically,
the horn is coming from another
D. Developing car travelling in an opposite direction. Notice how the pitch and
mastery volume of the car varies with
(POST-ACTIVITY) distance from the other car. Pitch and volume increases as the
other car approaches.
Group Activity: The Most Popular Natural Geological Events
on Earth

E. Finding practical Video clip

applications of Relevant questions asked in the STARTALK RADIO SHOW w/
concepts and skills Neil Degrasse Tyson
in daily living
(APPLICATION)

F. Making 1. What are theories to explain the origin of the universe?

generalizations and 2. State the several experimental evidences to support the
abstractions about big bang theory
the lesson 3. Explain the origin and evolution of the Universe
(GENERALIZATION) according to the Big Bang Theory.

Ask the students to submit a brief report on the following

G. Evaluating learning topic/questions.
(ASSESSMENT) . What is the fate of the universe? Will the universe continue to
expand or will it eventually contract because of gravity?

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H. Additional activities Cite other evidences for the big bang theory.
for application or
remediation
(REMEDIAL)