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Diagnosis in short
LM early to late: wavy fibers, myocyte necrosis with loss of cross striations,
contraction bands, edema, hemorrhage, neutrophilic infiltrate, pyknosis of nuclei,
loss of nuclei (karyolysis), macrophage and mononuclear infiltration, fibrovascular
response, granulation tissue, myocardial fibrosis
Gross early to late: myocardial pallor, hyperemia (redness), yellow lesion with hyperemic
border, white (fibrosis)
Site heart
Symptoms classic findings: retrosternal chest pain +/- with radiation down the arms, nausea
+/- vomiting, +/-shortness of breath
Clin. DDx varies by presentation - usu. aortic dissection, angina, acute infectious
pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, pericarditis, chest wall pain, anxiety, GI
disease, others
Myocardial infarction, abbreviated MI, is death of cardiac muscle due to a
compromised blood supply. In the context of pathology, they are occasionally seen at
autopsy.
General
Clinical
◾ Usually diagnosed clinically - with blood work (troponin, CK-MB) or EKG.
Classic symptoms:
◾ Diaphoresis.
Enzymatic tests:[3]
Complications
Complications of MI:[4]
◾ Contractile dysfunction.
◾ Cardiac arrhythmia.
◾ Ventricular rupture:
• Ventricular free wall rupture.
• Ventricular septal rupture.
◾ Fibrinous pericarditis.
• Dressler's syndrome AKA postmyocardial infarction syndrome[5]; pericarditis post-
myocardial infarction +/- pericardial effusion (clinically tamponade).
◾ Mural thrombosis.
◾ Extension of MI.
Gross
Sequence:[6]
◾ 1-3 days - pallor, moderate hyperemia (redness due to congestion with blood).
Image
MI - gross. (WC)
Sequence:[7]
◾ 4-12 hours - Coagulative necrosis & loss of cross striations, contraction bands,
edema, hemorrhage, PMN infiltrate.
◾ 6 weeks - Fibrosis.
Images
www:
◾ MI (upmc.edu) .
MI - inflammation. (WC)
General:
◾ Mediated by catecholamines.[8]
Microscopic:
◾ Thick intensely eosinophilic staining bands (on H&E) ~ typically 4-5 micrometres
wide
• Span the short axis of myocyte.
Notes:
See also
◾ Heart.
◾ Cardiovascular pathology.
◾ Infarct.
◾ Necrosis.
References
"Cocaine-induced chest pain and beta-blockade: an inner city experience". Am J Ther
15 (6): 531-5. doi:10.1097/MJT.0b013e3181758cfc . PMID 19127137 .
2. ↑ Senter, S.; Francis, GS. (Mar 2009). "A new, precise definition of acute
myocardial infarction.". Cleve Clin J Med 76 (3): 159-66.
doi:10.3949/ccjm.75a.08092 . PMID 19258462 .
4. ↑ Mitchell, Richard; Kumar, Vinay; Fausto, Nelson; Abbas, Abul K.; Aster, Jon
(2011). Pocket Companion to Robbins & Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease (8th ed.).
Elsevier Saunders. pp. 293. ISBN 978-1416054542.
6. ↑ http://library.med.utah.edu/WebPath/TUTORIAL/MYOCARD/MYOCARD.html
7. ↑ http://library.med.utah.edu/WebPath/TUTORIAL/MYOCARD/MYOCARD.html
8. ↑ Hopster DJ, Milroy CM, Burns J, Roberts NB (May 1996). "Necropsy study of the
association between sudden cardiac death, cardiac isoenzymes and contraction band
necrosis" . J. Clin. Pathol. 49 (5): 403–6. PMC 500481 . PMID 8707956 .
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC500481/.
9. ↑ Hopster DJ, Milroy CM, Burns J, Roberts NB (May 1996). "Necropsy study of the
association between sudden cardiac death, cardiac isoenzymes and contraction band
necrosis" . J. Clin. Pathol. 49 (5): 403–6. PMC 500481 . PMID 8707956 .
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC500481/.