A study of the Socio Economic Factors Affecting Teachers

Performance at Secondary Level in District Malakand Khyber

Pakhtunkhwa

Submitted By:
Muhammad Ibrar
ID# 9239

Submitted to:
Department of Education Qurtuba University of science & Information Technology

Peshawar in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the degree of

MASTER OF PHILOSOPHY

Qurtuba University of Science & Information Technology, Peshawar

Session 2014-16
 ii

A study of the Socio Economic Factors Affecting Teachers

Performance at Secondary Level in District Malakand Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa

A thesis submitted to Department of Education Qurtuba University of science &

Information Technology Peshawar in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award

of the degree of

MASTER OF PHILOSOPHY IN EDUCATION

Qurtuba University of Science & Information Technology, Peshawar

SESSION 2014-16
 iii

APPROVAL SHEET

Title of thesis: A study of socio economic factors affecting the classroom performance of
teacher at secondary level in district Malakand.

Name of Student: Muhammad Ibrar

Accepted by the Department of Education, Qurtuba University of Science and Information

Technology Peshawar, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of

Philosophy in Education.

VIVA VOCE COMMITTEE

Dean, Faculty of Social Sciences Head, Department of Education

Qurtuba University of Peshawar Qurtuba University of Peshawar

Supervisor Co-supervisor
Dr. Rahim khan Professor Dr. Mumtaz khan

Internal Examiner External Examiner

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FORWARDING SHEET

The thesis titled ‘A study of socio economic factors affecting teachers ‘classroom

performance at secondary level in district Malakand Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.’ submitted by

Muhammad Ibrar, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of M.Phil. in

Education has been completed under my guidance and supervision. I am satisfied with the

quality of this research work.

Dated:

(Supervisor)
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DECLARATION

I Muhammad Ibrar, Roll No.9239, a student of M.Phil (Education) at Education Department,

Qurtuba University, declare that the research work describe in this dissertation entitled “A

study of socio economic factors affecting the classroom performance of teacher at secondary

level in district Malakand Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.” is my original work. Wherever

contributions of others are involved, every effort is made to indicate this clearly, with due

reference to the literature, and acknowledgement of collaborative research and discussions. It

has been carried out under the supervision of Dr. Rahim Khan. For the present thesis, which I

am submitting to the University, no degree or diploma or distinction has been conferred on

me before, either in this or in any other University.

Dated:

Muhammad Ibrar

ID: 9239

Department of Education Qurtuba

University Peshawar
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In the Name of Allah

The Most Merciful, and the Most Compasionate

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DEDICATION

For their great contribution to my intellectual life, I dedicate this

research to my mother, teachers, ideals, companions, and family

members.

Muhammad Ibrar
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT

Entire praise and gratitude be to ALLAH and countless complements to Hazrat

Muhammad (Peace Be Upon Him), ALLAH is most gracious, merciful and powerful the

Lord of mankind, jinns and all that exists in the universe, without whose consent researcher

could not even ponder to accomplish this laborious work.

I would like to express my deep gratitude to my research supervisor, Dr. Rahim khan,

department of Education, Qurtuba University Peshawar; for his continuous advice and

professional guidance towards the realization of this research work. If it were not for their

guidance, this work could not have been a success. Acknowledgements will be incomplete

without profound regards to the following great helping hands, without whose cooperative

vision, guidance and prayers, the researcher would not have been able to reach the point of

completion as; Mr. Sajjid Ahmed, Mr. Ibrahim Bacha, Mr. Roohul Amin, Mr. Haider dost

and Shahid Muhammad. I also acknowledge teachers and principals of public secondary

schools in Malakand District for giving information which was required for the study.

Researcher presents humble gratitude to his parents’ brothers and sisters.

Muhammad Ibrar
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TABLE OF CONTENTS

S. No Title Page No

Acknowledgment....................................................................................................... viii

Table of contents ....................................................................................................... ix

List of Tables ............................................................................................................. xii

Abstract ..................................................................................................................... xv

Chapter One Introduction…………………………………………………… 1

1.1 Background of the Study ...........................................................................................

1

1.2 Statement of the Problem ..........................................................................................

2

1.3 Significance of the Study ..........................................................................................

2

1.4 Objectives of the study ..............................................................................................

3

1.5 Research Question .....................................................................................................

3

1.7 Research design and methods ...................................................................................

3

1.8 Research type .................................................................................................... 3

1.9 Instruments/Techniques..................................................................................... 3

1.10 Data collection .................................................................................................. 4

1.1 Population and sampling procedures .........................................................................

4

1.1 Delimitations .............................................................................................................

4

Chapter Two Literature Review ............................................................................ 5

2.1 Theoretical Framework .............................................................................................

5

2.2 Levels of education in Pakistan .................................................................................

5

2.3 Teacher and teaching ........................................................................................ 7

2.4 The concept of job performance ....................................................................... 9

2.5 Factors affecting the performance of teachers ................................................ 10

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2.6 Job’s satisfaction .......................................................................................................

11

2.7 Socio- Factors affecting job performance ........................................................ 14

2.7.1 Social emotional environment ..................................................................... 15

2.7.2 Teacher’s personality .................................................................................. 19

2.7.3 Relations with staff, administration and parents ......................................... 24

2.7.4 Leadership styles ......................................................................................... 26

2.7.5 Student Behaviour ....................................................................................... 28

2.8 Economic factors affecting Job’s performance .............................................. 28

2.8.1 Teacher reward systems such as remuneration and compensation ............. 29

2.8.2 Work Situations ........................................................................................... 34

Chapter Three Research Methodology ................................................................ 37

3.1 Research Design ........................................................................................................

37

3.11 Quantitative Research Design ....................................................................................

37

3.2 Population of the study ....................................................................................... 38

3.3 Sampling ....................................................................................................................

38

3.3.1 Sampling Technique .................................................................................... 38

3.32 Sample size ................................................................................................................

38

3.4 Data Instrument .................................................................................................. 39

3.4.1 Questionnaire............................................................................................... 39

3.5 Pilot Study .................................................................................................................

39

3.6 Validity and reliability......................................................................................... 40

3.7 Data collection procedure ..........................................................................................

40

3.8 Data Analysis .............................................................................................................

41
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Chapter Three Data Analysis……………………………………..…………………….. 42

4.1 Introduction…………………………………………………………………………... 42
4.1.1 Questionnaire return Rate…………………………………………………………….42
4.1.2 Respondents responses…………………………………………………………. 42
4.2 Analysis and Interpretation of Factors affecting Teacher’s classroom performance… 43
4.3 Socio-economic factors affecting classroom performance of the teacher at secondary
level in Malakand……………………………………………………………………..……44
4.31 Socio economic factors that affect classroom performance of the teachers at secondary
level in district Malakand………………………………………………………..………… 61
Chapter five Findings, Discussion, Conclusion & Recommendations ................………63
5.1 Finding .................................................................................................................…... 63

5.2 Discussion ............................................................................................................…... 66

5.3 Conclusion ...........................................................................................................…... 66

5.4 Recommendation. ................................................................................................…… 67

References .................................................................................................................…… 69
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LIST OF TABLES

Table No Title Page

No

Table 4.1 Encourage from society effect classroom performance of the teacher. 44

Table 4.2 Teaching job promotes relationship with the community……........... 44

Table 4.3 Professional attitude of teachers affects their performance ........................... 45

Table 4.4 Relationship of teacher with their colleagues affects classroom

performance of the teacher………………………………………..… 45

Table 4.5 Social respect has direct effect on classroom performance of the teacher .... 46

Table 4.6 Teacher's attitudes affect their classroom performance ................................. 46

Table 4.7 Norms and values of the society affect teacher classroom performance ....... 47

Table 4.8 Lack of respect from students affects classroom performance of the teacher 47

Table 4.9 Teaching is an important and respectable job ............................................... 48

Table 4.10 Teacher life style affects their class classroom performance of the teacher.. 48

Table 4.11 Appreciation by the heads directly affects teachers’ performance ................ 49

Table 4.12 Social responsibilities of the whole family affect teacher's classroom performance

49

Table 4.13 Society gives more respect to teachers as compare to doctors and engineers

....................................................................................................................... 50

Table 4.14 Teacher's morale affects the teacher's performance ...................................... 55 50

Table 4.15 The extra co-curricular work load decreases the morale of teachers. ........... 50

Table 4.16 Joint family system influences the teacher's classroom Performance ........... 51

Table 4.17 Salaries and benefits are affecting classroom performance of the teacher ....
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51

Table 4.18 Low salary of teachers is creating hurdle for their intent to stay in teaching

profession....................................................................................................... 52

Table 4.19 Poor pay becomes the cause of mental dissatisfaction for teachers .............. 52

Table 4.20 Teaching job enables to provide a satisfactory standard of living. ............... 53

Table 4.21 Poor socio-economic status of the teachers affects classroom performance.

53

Table 4.22 Economic responsibilities of the whole family affect teacher's classroom 54

performance. ..................................................................................................

Table 4.23 Low salary has a negative effect on the classroom performance of the teacher

....................................................................................................................... 54

Table 4.24 Insufficient income affects classroom performance of the teacher ............... 55

Table 4.25 Salary in time is affecting teacher's classroom performance. ........................ 55

Table 4.26 High salary has positive effect on the classroom performance of the teacher

....................................................................................................................... 55

Table 4.27 Economic status of the teacher affects their classroom performance of the teacher.

....................................................................................................................... 56

Table 4.28 Poor socio-economic condition of the area where school is situated decreased

motivation of the teacher.` ............................................................................. 56

Table 4.29 Teaching gives a great deal of satisfaction to teacher. .................................. 57

Table 4.30 Significance of Joint family system influences the teacher’s classroom

performance. .................................................................................................. 57

Table 4.31 Significance of Low salary of teachers is creating hurdle for their intent to stay in

teaching profession. ....................................................................................... 58

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Table 4.32 Significance of Salaries and benefits are affecting classroom performance of the

teacher. ........................................................................................................... 58

Table 4.33 Significance of Relationship of teachers with their colleagues affects classroom

performance of the teacher. ........................................................................... 59

Table 4.34 Significance of High salary has positive affect on the classroom performance of

the teacher. ..................................................................................................... 59

Table 4.35 Significance of Economic responsibilities of the whole family affects teacher’s

classroom performance. ................................................................................. 60

Table 4.36 Significance of Teaching is an important and respectable job……… 60

Table 4.37 Significance of Social respect has direct effect on classroom performance of

the teacher……………………………………………………………………………. 61
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ABSTRACT

The study was designed to examine the socio economic factors affecting classroom

performance of teachers at secondary schools level in district Malakand. The study was

descriptive in nature. All the principals and teachers of secondary schools constituted the

population of study. Main objectives of the study were to find out the socio-economic factors

affecting classroom performance of the teacher’s, the perceptions of teacher’s about the

socio-economic factors affecting their classroom performance, the perceptions of principals

about the socio-economic factors that influence teacher’s classroom performance. The

principal and five teachers were included in the sample from each institution, thus the sample

consisted of 310 individuals i.e. 45 principals and 265 teachers. Two types of closed ended

questionnaires on five point rating scale were prepared separately for principals and teachers.

Keeping in view the findings it was concluded that teachers were not satisfied with their

socio economic status, choice of profession, student’s behavior. A number of teachers felt

that they were not paid according to their abilities. The data obtained were tabulated,

analyzed and interpreted by using statistical techniques as, frequencies percentages and then

Chi square test used for the data to highlight these factors which are significantly affect. From

the findings of the study, it was concluded that joint family system, relationship of teacher

with their colleagues, teaching is an important and respectable job and social respect. The

economic factors salary and benefits, economic responsibilities of the whole family, low

salary of teacher creating hurdles and high salary had positive affects teaching are affecting

classroom performance of the teacher at secondary level. The study finally recommends that

another study be done in other districts on the socio economic factors affecting classroom

performance of the teacher at secondary and higher secondary level.