iLogic Technologies – Imp Queries

Miscellaneous Topics
1. SELECT TO_CHAR('01-FEB-81', 'DD-MON-RRRR'),
TO_CHAR('01-FEB-81', 'DD-MON-YYYY') FROM DUAL;

01-FEB-1981 10-FEB-2081

2. Display Salary in words:

select ename,sal, to_char(to_date(sal,'jsp'),'jsp') "In words"

from emp;

Ram 5000 five thousand

 JSP - Julian Spell out

3. Retrieving Nth Maximum salary using Level:

- Duplicates are Suppressed

select Level,max(sal) from emp where level = &N

connect by prior sal > sal Group by level;

4. Retrieving Cumulative Salary:

select ename,sal,(select sum(sal) from emp where rowid <=

e.rowid ) "cumsal" from emp e;

5. Grouping Sets: (8.0)

select hiredate,mgr,job,count(*) from emp

group by grouping sets(hiredate,mgr,job);

6. Escape option in LIKE:

Used to search for % and _ (under score) characters in String

Search for employ names having _ .

Select ename from emp where

Ename like ‘%A\_B%’ escape ‘\’;

7. Matrix Query

Select job,sum(decode(deptno,10,sal)) dept10,

sum(decode(deptno,20,sal)) dept20,
sum(decode(deptno,30,sal)) dept30,

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iLogic Technologies – Imp Queries

sum(decode(deptno,40,sal)) dept40 from emp

group by job;

8. Unused Columns(8.0)

Alter table emp set unused column comm;

Alter table emp set unused column mgr;
Alter table emp drop unused columns;

9. OBJECT REFERENCES

9.1 create type exam_type as object

(examname varchar2(10),examdate date);

9.2 create table exam_table of exam_type;

9.3 insert into exam_table values(‘EAMCET’,sysdate);

9.4 insert into exam_table values(‘ICET’,sysdate);

9.5 select * from exam_table;

EXAMNAME EXAMDATE
---------- ---------
EAMCET 14-MAR-06
ICET 14-MAR-06

9.6 select ref(e) from exam_table e;

REF(E)
-----------------------------------------------------------------
00002802099DB1F42F32024869BB25B7F08D8D306DD
39D399EFC9F4E47A731B228BB6796CE0040DE
BA0000

0000280209761F47DB9BA94BEA85C594952283608DD
39D399EFC9F4E47A731B228BB6796CE0040DE
BA0001

9.7 select value(e) from exam_table e;

VALUE(E)(EXAMNAME, EXAMDATE)
-----------------------------------------------

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iLogic Technologies – Imp Queries

EXAM_TYPE('EAMCET', '14-MAR-06')
EXAM_TYPE('ICET', '14-MAR-06')

9.8 create table stud_exams(roll number(3),

exam_info ref exam_type);

9.9 insert into stud_exams select 1 ,ref(e) from

exam_table e;

9.10 select * from stud_exams;

9.11 select roll,deref(exam_info) from stud_exams;

ROLL
----------
DEREF(EXAM_INFO)(EXAMNAME, EXAMDATE)
----------------------------------------------------------
1
EXAM_TYPE('EAMCET', '14-MAR-06')

1
EXAM_TYPE('ICET', '14-MAR-06')

9.12 delete from exam_table where examname = ‘ICET’;

9.13 select * from stud_exams

where exam_info is dangling;

10. Using LABELS in PL/SQL Program:

Ex: Display the numbers in below format

1
12
12 3
12 34
12 345

Declare
N number(2) := 0;
Ctr number(2) := 0;
Begin
<<outer>> -- Defining a label
loop
ctr := ctr + 1;

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iLogic Technologies – Imp Queries

n := 0;
<<inner>> -- Defining a label
loop
n := n + 1;
dbms_output.put(n|| ‘ ‘);
exit inner when n >= ctr;
exit outer when ctr > 5;
end loop inner;
dbms_output.put_line(‘ ‘);
end loop outer;
end;

Analytical Functions: (9i)

1. LAG:

select ename,hiredate,sal,lag(sal,1,0) over (order by hiredate)

as "prevsal" from emp where job = 'CLERK';

ENAME HIREDATE SAL PREVSAL

---------- --------- ---------- ----------
SMITH 17-DEC-80 800 0
JAMES 03-DEC-81 950 800
MILLER 23-JAN-82 1300 950

2. LEAD:

select ename,hiredate,lead(hiredate,1) over (order by

hiredate) as "nexthired" from emp where deptno = 30;

ENAME HIREDATE NEXTHIRED

-------- ----------- -------------
ALLEN 20-FEB-81 22-FEB-81
WARD 22-FEB-81 01-MAY-81
BLAKE 01-MAY-81 08-SEP-81

3. RANK:

select deptno,ename,sal, rank() over(partition by deptno order

by sal) "RANK" from emp where deptno = 30;

19000 1
19000 1

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iLogic Technologies – Imp Queries

18000 3

4. DENSE_RANK:

select deptno,ename,sal, dense_rank() over(partition by

deptno order by sal) "RANK" from emp where deptno = 30;

19000 1
19000 1
18000 2

5. FIRST & LAST:

select deptno,ename,sal,min(sal) keep (dense_rank FIRST

order by sal )over
(partition by deptno) "Lowest",max(sal) keep (dense_rank
LAST order by sal) over
(partition by deptno) "Highest" from emp order by deptno,sal;

DEPTNO ENAME SAL Lowest Highest

------- ---------- ---------- -------- -------
10 MILLER 1300 1300 5000
10 CLARK 2450 1300 5000
10 KING 5000 1300 5000
20 SMITH 800 800 3000
20 ADAMS 1100 800 3000
20 JONES 2975 800 3000
20 SCOTT 3000 800 3000
20 FORD 3000 800 3000
30 JAMES 950 950 2850
30 WARD 1250 950 2850
30 MARTIN 1250 950 2850
30 TURNER 1500 950 2850
30 ALLEN 1600 950 2850
30 BLAKE 2850 950 2850

All the Best - SRIDHAR