Dale Fajardo Cortez

BS-1C

1. What is an Anova test used for?

- Anova test is used for comparing the means across more than two groups.

2. How do you calculate Anova?

- Gather the basic summary statistics of the data that you have collected. The summary
statistics include the individual data points for the first group, labeled “x,” and the
number of data points for the second individual variant, “y.” The number of data
points for each group is labeled “n.” Add the points for the first group, labeled “SX.”
The second group of data collected is “SY.” To calculate the mean, use the formula, C
= (SX + SY) ^2 / (2n).Calculate the sum of the square between the groups, SSB =
[(SX^2 + SY^2) / n] – C. Once you have squared all of the data points, sum them up in
a final sum of “D.” Next, calculate the sum of squares total, SST = D -- C.Use the
formula SST – SSB to find the SSW, or the sum of squares within groups Figure the
degrees of freedom for between the groups, “dfb,” and within the groups, “dfw.” The
formula for between groups is dfb = 1 and for the within groups it is dfw = 2n-
2.Compute the mean square for the within groups, MSW = SSW / dfw. Finally,
compute the final statistic, or “F,” F = MSB / MSW

3. Why do we use Anova?

- We use Anova to determine whether there are any statistically significant differences
between the means of two or more independent (unrelated) groups (although you tend to
only see it used when there are a minimum of three, rather than two groups).

4. What is the difference between Anova and t test?

- T-test is a hypothesis test that is used to compare the means of two populations while
Anova is a statistical technique that is used to compare the means of more than two
populations.

An investigator is interested in the effects of noise on the ability of subjects to concentrate. She
assigns subjects randomly to one of three Noise conditions: low noise, moderate noise, and loud
noise. She administers a test of concentration while the noise is present. She predicts that there
will be an overall effect of noise on the ability to concentrate. Theory A suggests that people in
the low noise condition will have higher scores on concentration than subjects in the moderate
noise condition, but that no difference in concentration will be observed between subjects in
the moderate and loud noise groups. Theory B suggests that subjects in the moderate noise
condition will have higher concentration scores than subjects in loud noise condition, but that
no difference in concentration will be observed between subjects in the low noise and moderate
noise conditions.
 a. Please use SPSS to test the investigator’s prediction of an overall effect of noise on the ability
to concentrate and the comparisons that she should conduct to determine whether Theory A or
Theory B is better supported by the data.
b. Please write a paragraph that presents the conclusions that the investigator is entitled to
draw from the results of these tests.
Also provide the ANOVA table for these results.

ANOVA
Oneway

Notes

Output Created 19-MAY-2019 01:38:36

Comments

Active Dataset DataSet0

Filter <none>

Weight <none>
Input
Split File <none>

N of Rows in Working Data

12
File

User-defined missing values

Missing Value Handling Definition of Missing
are treated as missing.
 Statistics for each analysis
are based on cases with no
Cases Used
missing data for any variable
in the analysis.

ONEWAY Scores BY
NoiseConditions

/STATISTICS

Syntax DESCRIPTIVES

/MISSING ANALYSIS

/POSTHOC=TUKEY
ALPHA(0.05).

Processor Time 00:00:00.05

Resources
Elapsed Time 00:00:00.04

[DataSet0]

Descriptives

Scores
 N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error 95% Confidence Interval for Mean

Lower Bound Upper Bound

low noise 4 11.50 1.291 .645 9.45 13.55

moderate noise 4 4.50 .577 .289 3.58 5.42

loud noise 4 4.25 1.500 .750 1.86 6.64

Total 12 6.75 3.671 1.060 4.42 9.08

Descriptives

Scores

Minimum Maximum

low noise 10 13

moderate noise 4 5

loud noise 3 6

Total 3 13

ANOVA

Scores

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.

Between Groups 135.500 2 67.750 47.824 .000

Within Groups 12.750 9 1.417

Total 148.250 11
Post Hoc Tests

Multiple Comparisons

Dependent Variable: Scores

Tukey HSD

(I) NoiseConditions (J) NoiseConditions Mean Difference Std. Error Sig. 95%
(I-J) Confidence
Interval

Lower Bound

moderate noise 7.000* .842 .000 4.65

low noise
loud noise 7.250* .842 .000 4.90

low noise -7.000* .842 .000 -9.35

moderate noise
loud noise .250 .842 .953 -2.10

low noise -7.250* .842 .000 -9.60

loud noise
moderate noise -.250 .842 .953 -2.60

Multiple Comparisons
Dependent Variable: Scores

Tukey HSD

(I) NoiseConditions (J) NoiseConditions 95% Confidence Interval

Upper Bound

moderate noise 9.35*

low noise
loud noise 9.60*

low noise -4.65*

moderate noise
loud noise 2.60

low noise -4.90*

loud noise
moderate noise 2.10

*. The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level.

MEAN PLOTS
Homogeneous Subsets

Scores

Tukey HSD

NoiseConditions N Subset for alpha = 0.05

1 2

loud noise 4 4.25

moderate noise 4 4.50

low noise 4 11.50

Sig. .953 1.000

Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed.

a. Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 4.000.