REVIEWER IN IT
currently being processed.
E-Government – is the use of information and
communication technology and other web-based technology
to enhance access of information and to improve delivery,
efficiency and effectiveness of services to public.
Information System – the way you think about a personal
computer
There are several parts of an information system:
People - are an essential part of the system
 Privacy marginal boxes discuss threats to your
personal privacy and suggest ways to protect
yourself
 Environment boxes discuss important and relevant
environmental issues.
 Ethics boxes pose a variety of different
ethical/unethical situations for your consideration
 Careers in IT presents job descriptions, employment
demands, educational requirements, salary ranges,
and advancement opportunities
Procedures - are rules or guidelines to follow when using
software, hardware, and data.
Software - (programs) provides step-by-step instructions to
control the computer to convert data into information
System software enables application software to interact
with computer hardware.
 Operating systems coordinate resources, provide an
interface, and run applications
 Utilities perform specific tasks to manage computer
resources.
Application software includes general-purpose, specialized,
and mobile applications.
 General purpose—widely used in nearly all career
areas
 Specialized—focus more on specific disciplines and
occupations
 Apps (mobile apps, mobile applications)—designed
for mobile devices
Hardware - consists of the physical equipment. It is controlled
by software and processes data to create information.
• System unit contains electronic circuitry, including
microprocessors and memory. Random-access
memory (RAM) holds the program and data
• Input/output devices are translators between
humans and computers
• Secondary storage holds data and programs
• Communication devices allow personal computers
to communicate with other computer systems
Data - consists of unprocessed facts including text, numbers,
images, and sound.
The Internet – is a large global network, connecting smaller
networks all over the globe.
Launched in 1969 with ARPANET(Advanced Research Project
Agency Network), the Internet consists of the actual physical
network.
• Common way to access the Internet is through a
Internet Service Provider (ISP)
The most common uses of the Internet and the web include
 Communication — the most popular Internet
activity.
 Shopping — one of the fastest-growing Internet
activities.
 Searching — access libraries and local, national, and
international news.
 Education — e-learning or taking online courses.
 Entertainment — music, movies, magazines, and
computer games.
Web 1.0 – “read only web”, the first literation of the web.
Web 2.0 – “read-write-web”, it’s the ability to contribute
content and interact w/ other web users.
Web 3.0 - “read-write-execute”, this is diff to envision in its
abstract form.
Internet service providers - are connected to the Internet,
providing a path for individuals to access the Internet.
Browsers provide access to web resources. Some related
terms are
 URLs — locations or addresses to web resources;
two parts are protocol and domain name; top-level
domain (TLD) or web suffix identifies type of
organization.
 Two parts to URL:
Protocol- rules for exchanging data between computers
Domain name – specific address where the resource is
located
 HTML — commands to display web pages;
hyperlinks (links) are connections. Allow users to
quickly connect to other pages or web sites
 Mobile browsers run on portable devices.
 AJAX – asynchronous Java Script and XML; set of
web development techniques using many web
techniques on the client side to create asynchronous
web application.
 Applets – a very small application, especially a utility
program performing one or few simple functions.
Web utilities - are specialized utility programs that make
using the Internet and the web easier and safer
Plug-ins - are automatically loaded and operate as part of a
browser
Filters - are used by parents and organizations to block
certain sites and to monitor use of the Internet and the web.
File transfer utilities - copy files to (downloading) and from
(uploading) your computer
Internet security suite - is a collection of utility programs
designed to protect your privacy and security on the Internet.
COMMUNICATION
E-mail (electronic mail) is the transmission of electronic
messages.
 Client-based e-mail systems use e-mail clients
installed on your computer.
 Web-based e-mail systems use webmail clients
located on the e-mail provider’s computer. This is
known as webmail.
A typical e-mail has three basic elements: header (including
address, subject, and perhaps attachment), message, and
signature.
Spam - is unwanted and unsolicited e-mail that may include a
computer virus or destructive programs often attached to
unsolicited e-mail
Text messaging - also known as texting and SMS (short
message service), is a process of sending short electronic
messages typically less than 160 characters
Instant messaging (IM) — supports live communication
between friends
Social networks - connect individuals to one another. Many
sites support a variety of different activities
Blogs (web logs) - are typically personal websites to keep in
touch with friends and family; journal of ideas; can be over
750 words
4 main sections of blog
 Header
 Side bars
 Footer
 body
Microblogs - unlike traditional blogs, use only short sentences
that take only a few seconds to write. A COMBINATION
OF BLOGGING AND INSTANT MESSAGING THAT ALLOWS
USERS TO CREATE SHORT MESSAGES TO BE POSTED AND
SHARED WITH AN AUDIENCE ONLINE. EXAMPLE : twitter
WEBCAST - “Web” + “Broadcast”, a media presentation
distributed over the Internet using streaming media
technology to distribute a single content source to many
simultaneous listeners/viewers. “Broadcast" over the
Internet.
PODCAST - “IPod” + “Broadcast”, generically netcast; a digital
audio file made available on the Internet for downloading to
a computer or mobile device, typically available as a series,
new installments of which can be received by subscribers
automatically.
Wiki - is a website designed to allow visitors to use their
browsers to add, edit, or delete the site’s content.
Search services - maintain huge databases relating to website
content
Search engines - are specialized programs to help locate
information
Specialized Search - Engines Specialized search engines focus
on subject-specific websites.
Content evaluation - To evaluate the accuracy of information
found on the web; Authority; Accuracy; Objectivity; Currency
TOP 10 SEARCH ENGINES • Clients are corporations and end users who want
access to data, programs, and storage.
1. Google - founded by Google LLC (Larry Page and
Sergey Brin, 1997); most search engine (5.4 billion • Service providers are organizations with computers
searches each day) connected to the Internet that are willing to provide
2. Bing - a web search engine owned and operated by access to software, data, and storage
Microsoft.
3. Yahoo - an American web services provider • The Internet provides the connection between the
headquartered in Sunnyvale, California, and owned clients and providers.
by Verizon Media; was founded by Jerry Yang and
ONLINE OFFICE SUITES
David Filo in January 1994
4. Ask.com - originally known as Ask Jeeves; founded in Office Suites- is also known as an office application suite or
1996 by Garrett Gruener and David Warthen in office productivity software. is a collection of software
Berkeley, California created by the same vendor and designed to be used for
5. AOL.com - originally known as America Online; routine tasks within an organization
6. Baidu - was founded in 2000 by Robin Li and it is the
most popular search engine in China. Owns 4 BASIC APPLICATIONS
over 75% of the market share in China's search
engine market
• Word processor
• Spreadsheet
7. WolframAlpha - Stephen Wolfram; sometimes
• Presentation Software
referred to as an "answer engine“
• Personal Information Manager
8. DuckDuckGo - "We protect your search history,
even from us," founder Gabriel Weinberg; It
promises not to use cookies to follow users and says
it doesn't collect any personal information on those
who use it.
9. Internet Archive - Founded by Brewster Kahle; It is
very useful tool if you want to trace the history of a
domain and examine how it has changed over the
years
10. Yandex.ru - operates the largest search engine in
Russia

Electronic commerce, or e-commerce, is the buying and

selling of goods over the Internet.

 Business-to-consumer (B2C) commerce, which

involves sales from business to the general public.

 Consumer-to-consumer (C2C) commerce, which

involves sales between individuals. Web auctions are
similar to traditional auctions except buyers and
sellers rarely, if ever, meet face to face.

 Business-to-business (B2B) commerce, which

involves sales from one business to another, typically
a manufacturer-supplier relationship.

Cloud computing uses the Internet and the web to shift many
computer activities from the user’s computer to other
computers on the Internet