Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
4, December 1988
J- -jx
V
9. -
Rr
T-FZ’ F
I
F -U
Fig.1. E q u i v a l e n t c i r a i t of t h e i n d u c t i o n
generator with load.
where,
X = magnetising reactance.
x m (p.u.1
per phase c a p a c i t i v e r e a c t a n c e of t h e termi-
F i g . 2 . V a r i a t i o n of V /F w i t h x - a
nal capacitor. 9 m
l i n e a r approximation
load r e s i s t a n c e per p h a s e .
Power g e n e r a t i o n was a c h i e v d by d r i v i n g t h e
(V / F )
Is = i r d u c t i o n g e n e r a t o r a t t h e r a t e d speed by a d . c . motor.
(4)
RS j xc RL S u i t a b l e t h r e e - p h a s e c a p a c i t o r bar,ks were connected t o
-+jx
F Is
-- 2 provide e x c i t a t i o n . The t e r m i n a l v o l t a g e was m a i n t a i n e d
F RL-jFx c o n s t a n t by a d j u s t i n g t h e c a p a c i t a n c e a t a l l l o a d s .
V a r i o u s i n p u t ard o u t p u t q u a n t i t i e s were monitored f o r
each load s e t t i n g .
(5)
RESULTS AMI DISCUSSION
The r e s u l t s of t h e l o a d t e s t i n g a r e e x p r e s s e d i n
p.u. v a l u e s s o a s t o a l l o w comparison of t h e performance
of t h e s e machines a s g e n e r a t o r s .
(b) Power o u t p u t . : AS an i d e x of g e n e r a t o r
performance, a f a c t o r K may be d e f i n e d a s a r a t i o of
g
of t h e maxinu~lipower t h a t can be e x t r a c t e d from t h e
machine working a s a g e n e r a t o r ( w i t h o u t exceeding t h e
t h e r m a l l i m i t of t h e s t a t o r ) t o t h e r a t e d power o u t p u t
The a n a l y s i s has been exterded f o r r e a c t i v e loads of t h e machine a s a motor.
by r e p l a c i n g % w i t h a n appropriate per phase load
imped ance ZL. Based o n t h e above a n a l y t i c a l t e c h n i -
que, a computer program has been developed t o c a l c u l a t e
t h e performance of t h e g e n e r a t o r . where
VLl IL = l i n e v o l t a g e ard c u r r e n t of t h e
DETAILS OF THE EXPERIMENT
generator
Relevant e x p e r i m e n t a t i o n was c a r r i e d o u t t o check COS 0 = power f a c t o r (PF) of t h e load
t h e v a l i d i t y of t h e method of a n a l y s i s . A s mentioned
e a r l i e r , i n o r d e r t o p r o v i d e a g e n e r a l b a s i s of inform-
a t i o n , f o u r t y p i c a l motors were chosen f o r i n v e s t i g a t i o n .
Pm - r a t e d power of t h e motor
T A B L E-I
E l e c t r i c a l D e t a i l s of t h e Machines
(No.of p o l e s t 4 ) .
Machine Make Voltage p e r Line current Rating Stator Power base Frequency
Phase (v) (A) (kW) connec- (kW) (Hz) .
tion
Ibase= Rated a r r e n t p h a s e , a d
Parameters of t h e Machines C o n s t a n t s of M a g n e t i s i n g C h a r a c t e r i s t i c s
of;H a c h i n e s (Eon. 1)
Machine K x unsatura-
1 K2 m
ted (p.u.1
T:A B L E - IV
Performance with Resistive Loads
Machine
*
var r e q u i r e d (p.u.) Capacitance Power l i m i t Max. Power K( %) Kc ( % )
r a n g e ( UF)@ (p.u.1 (kW) g
T A B L E - V
Performance w i t h Reactive Loads
0.8 PF Load
111 0.825- 1.21 762.0 - 425 2.4 4.528 122 126 - 185
XI1 0.79 - 1.04 252 - 364 2.7 5.094 138 120 - 159
1.2
I I I C J 0.5
0.6 1.0 1.4 1.8 2.2
o-2L?d+
Power output(p.u.)
F i g . 3 * V a r i a t i o n of c a p a c i t i v e v a r and
susceptance with output f o r r e s i s t i v e
load 5.
0.0 0.6
3.5-
1 .o
3.2-
- 0.8 PF
-- -- 0 . 9 PF
0.9
2.9-
-
3
2.6- -d,
c,
0.8
al
4
!
/
2.3-
0.7
0.a
. 0/
Power o u t p u t ( p . u . )
0.6
F i g . 4 . V a r i a t i o n of c a p a c i t i v e v a r and
c a p a c i t a n c e w i t h p w e r outplltt f o r 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 2.0
l a g g i n g PF l o a d s . Power o u t p u t ( P . u . )
F i g . 6 . V a r i a t i o n of s t a t o r and r o t o r c u r r e n t s
w i t h power o u t p u t f o r l a g g i n g PF l o a d s .
847
f o r I d u c t i o n G e n e r a t o r s , " IEEE T r a n s . on I . A . ,
F i g . 7 shows a c a p a r i s o n between t h e t h e o r e t i c a l v o l . I ~ - 1 3 , pp. 422-42b, Sept./Oct.1977.
and e x p e r i m e n t a l r e s u l t s i n terms of t h e v a r i a t i o n of J. A r i l l a g a a d D.B. Watson " S t a t i c Power Con-
s t a t o r c u r r e n t , l o a d c u r r e n t and c a p a c i t i v e v a r
r e q u i r e m e n t s f o r a r e s i s t i v e l o a d on machine IV. A
v e r s i o n from s e l f - e x c i t e d I n d u c t i o n G e n e r a t o r s ,"
Proc.IEE, Vo1.25, pp. 743-746, Aug.1978.
c l o s e agreement between t h e t h e o r e t i c a l and e x p e r i -
mental r e s u l t s i s observed, v a l i d a t i n g t h e p r e d i c t e d D.B. Watson, J. A r i l l a g a and T . Densem, "ContrO-
results. l l a b l e D.C. power supply from w i d - d r i v e r s e l f -
e x c i t e d I d u c t i o n Machines," P r o c . I E E , v o l . 126,
pp. 1245-1248, 1979.
D,
3
= - D1
;wing 1975-76 he was at the Department of Electrical
Dq = - RLRrC Engineering, University of Newcastle upon Tyne(Eng1and)
as Visiting staff. Using his sabbatical leave he
D5 = - Rr(RL+Rs) worked as a Visiting Scientist/Fellow at the University
(A-3) of Calgary (Canada) from November 1980 to Yay 1982. He
and worked at the R&D department o f Kirloskar Electric Co.,
Bangalore as a visiting in-house Consultant during 1985-
c = x + x
m 1’ 86 and executed several projects relevant to the Industry
He was also an adjunct Professor of the Indian Institute
of Science,Bangalore, during this year
He has published a number of papers and has edited
and published two laboratory manuals. He has completed
many Industrially sponsored projects. His current
S.Sreenivasa Murthy was
interest area5 include electrical machines, electric
born in Karnataka,India
drives, thyristor applications, efficient electric
on December 6,1946. He
received the B.E.Degree energy utilisation, isolated power generators, wind and
micro hydro power generation,and engineering education.
He is a Fellow of the Institution of Engineers
(India) and a Life Member of the Indian Society for
Technical Education. In 1976 he received the President
of India Award for the best research paper published i n
the Journals of the I.F.(I).