Assignment 2

Submitted by

Analyse the circular tank wall for the following dimensions and various boundary
conditions: Height, H= 6.1m

Diameter to the inside wall, D=16.5m

Thickness of the tank=0.254 m

Weight of liquid, w=9.81kN/m3

Conditions:

1. Walls with fixed base and free top- Triangular Loading.

2. Walls with hinged base and free top- Triangular Loading.
3. Walls with hinged base and free top- Trapezoidal Loading.
4. Walls with shear applied at top.
5. Walls with shear applied at base.
6. Walls with moment applied at top.
7. Walls with moment applied at base.
It is important to note that the units given in equations of PCA are converted
to SI units

Case -1 Walls with fixed base and free top- Triangular Loading

Hoop Tension Calculations:

H2 6.12
  8.89  9.0
Dt 16.5 * 0.254
/
Since the value of H2/Dt=9.0 not available in the above table interpolating to get
following coefficients for hoop tension.

The value of wHR can be obtained as wHR=9.81*6.1*16.5/2=493.7 kN/m.

Using the equations given in table A-1 we get following values of Hoop Tension

Table 1 Hoop Tension in Tank of Wall with Fixed Base and Free top

Height Coefficient Table A-1 Hoop Tension

kN/m
0.0H -0.011 -5.43
0.1H 0.101 49.86
0.2H 0.213 105.16
0.3H 0.329 162.43
0.4H 0.44 217.23
0.5H 0.538 265.61
0.6H 0.5915 292.02
0.7H 0.5595 276.23
0.8H 0.4105 202.66
0.9H 0.165 81.46
1.0H -0.011 0

-5 45 95 145 195 245 295

-7.11E-15

0.61

1.22

1.83

2.44

3.05

3.66

4.27

4.88

5.49

6.1

Figure 1 Ring Tension in tank for wall with fixed base and free top –triangular load
Bending Moment Calculations:

Since the value of H2/Dt=9.0 not available in the above table interpolating to get
following coefficients for moments.

The value of wH3 can be obtained as wH3=9.81*6.13=2226.68 kNm/m.

Using the equations given in table A-2 we get following values of Moment
Table 2 Bending Moment in Tank of Wall with Fixed Base and Free top

Height Coefficient Table A-2 Moment

kNm/m
0.0H 0 0
0.1H 0 0
0.2H 0.000 0
0.3H 0.0002 0.445
0.4H 0.0006 1.34
0.5H 0.0012 2.56
0.6H 0.0024 5.23
0.7H 0.0034 7.46
0.8H 0.0029 6.35
0.9H -0.002 -3.79
1.0H -0.0134 -29.84
 -30 -20 -10 0 10 0

0.61

1.22

1.83

2.44

3.05

3.66

4.27

4.88

5.49

6.1

Figure 2 Bending Moment in tank for wall with fixed base and free top –triangular load

Case -2 Walls with hinged base and free top-

Triangular Loading

Hoop Tension Calculations:

H2 6.12
  8.89  9.0
Dt 16.5 * 0.254

Since the value of H2/Dt=9.0 not available in the above table interpolating to get
following coefficients for hoop tension.
The value of wHR can be obtained as wHR=9.81*6.1*16.5/2=493.7 kN/m.
Using the equations given in table A-5 we get following values of Hoop Tension

Table 3 Hoop Tension in Tank of Wall with Hinged Base and Free top

Height Coefficient Table A-5 Hoop Tension

kN/m
0.0H -0.012 -5.68
0.1H 0.096 47.15
0.2H 0.204 100.71
0.3H 0.318 156.75
0.4H 0.436 215.01
0.5H 0.558 275.48
0.6H 0.664 327.57
0.7H 0.714 352.25
0.8H 0.650 320.66
0.9H 0.410 202.17
1.0H 0.000 0.00

0.00 100.00 200.00 300.00 400.00

0

0.61

1.22

1.83

2.44

3.05

3.66

4.27

4.88

5.49

6.1

Figure 3 Ring Tension in tank for wall with hinged base and free top –triangular load
Bending Moment Calculations:

Since the value of H2/Dt=9.0 not available in the above table interpolating to get
following coefficients for moments.

The value of wH3 can be obtained as wH3=9.81*6.13=2226.68 kNm/m.

Using the equations given in table A-7 we get following values of Moment
Table 4 Bending Moment in Tank of Wall with Hinged Base and Free top

Height Coefficient Table A-7 Moment

kNm/m
0.0H 0 0
0.1H 0 0
0.2H 0 0
0.3H -0.0002 -0.445
0.4H -0.00005 -0.11
0.5H 0.00045 1.002
0.6H 0.00155 3.45
0.7H 0.00315 7.01
0.8H 0.005 11.13
0.9H 0.00495 11.02
1.0H 0 0
 -0.5 4.5 9.5 14.5
0

0.61

1.22

1.83

2.44

3.05

3.66

4.27

4.88

5.49

6.1

Figure 4 Bending Moment in tank for wall with hinged base and free top –triangular load

Case- 3 Walls with hinged base and free top- Trapezoidal Loading.

As per PCA document due to additional vapour pressure of 20 kN/m2 the wall thickness
is revised to 0.381m. As a result the H2/Dt ratio changes as follows:
Hoop Tension Calculations:
2 2
H 6.1
  5.91  6.0
Dt 16.5* 0.381

Considering fluid pressure

The value of wHR can be obtained as wHR=9.81*6.1*16.5/2=493.7 kN/m.
Using the equations given in table A-5 we get following values of Hoop Tension

Table 5 Hoop Tension in Tank of Wall with Hinged Base and free top (Triangular Load)

Height Coefficient Table A-5 Hoop Tension

kN/m
0.0H -0.011 -5.43
0.1H 0.103 50.85
0.2H 0.223 110.10
0.3H 0.343 169.34
0.4H 0.463 228.58
0.5H 0.566 279.43
0.6H 0.639 315.47
0.7H 0.643 317.45
0.8H 0.547 270.05
0.9H 0.327 161.44
1.0H 0 0

The value of pR can be obtained as pR=20*16.5/2=165kN/m

 Table 6 Hoop Tension in Tank of Wall with Hinged Base and free top (Rectangular Load)

Height Coefficient Table A-6 Hoop Tension

kN/m
0.0H 0.989 163.19
0.1H 1.003 165.50
0.2H 1.023 168.80
0.3H 1.043 172.10
0.4H 1.063 175.40
0.5H 1.066 175.89
0.6H 1.039 171.44
0.7H 0.943 155.60
0.8H 0.747 123.26
0.9H 0.427 70.46
1.0H 0 0

The combined effect of Hoop Tension from both fluid and vapour pressure is as shown
in table 7:

Table 6 Hoop Tension in Tank of Wall with Hinged Base and free top (Trapezoidal Load)

Height Hoop Tension Hoop Tension Hoop

(Triangular Loading) (Rectangular Loading) Tension
kN/m
0.0H -5.43 163.19 157.75
0.1H 50.85 165.50 216.35
0.2H 110.10 168.80 278.89
0.3H 169.34 172.10 341.43
0.4H 228.58 175.40 403.98
0.5H 279.43 175.89 455.32
0.6H 315.47 171.44 486.91
0.7H 317.45 155.60 473.04
0.8H 270.05 123.26 393.31
0.9H 161.44 70.46 231.90
1.0H 0 0 0
 0 200 400 600
0

Figure 5 Hoop Tension in tank for wall with hinged base and free top –trapezoidal load.

Bending Moment Calculations:

The value of wH3 can be obtained as wH3=9.81*6.13=2226.68 kNm/m.

The value of pH2 can be obtained as pH2=20*6.12=744.2 kNm/m.

The total value is equal to 2970.88 kNm/m

Using the equations given in table A-7 we get following values of Moment
 Table 8 Bending Moment in Tank of Wall with Hinged Base and Free top
(Trapezoidal Loading)

Height Coefficient Table A-7 Moment

kNm/m
0.0H 0 0
0.1H 0 0
0.2H 0 0
0.3H 0.0002 0.594
0.4H 0.0008 2.38
0.5H 0.0019 5.64
0.6H 0.0039 11.59
0.7H 0.0062 18.42
0.8H 0.0078 23.17
0.9H 0.0068 20.20
1.0H 0 0

-10 0 10 20 30
0

Figure 6 Bending Moment in tank for wall with hinged base and free top – trapezoidal load
Case 4- Walls with shear applied at top.

The presence of a slab on the top of the tank

may prevent free movement at that location.

When displacement is prevented the top cannot

expand and ring tension will be zero at that
location. From Case 3 a hoop tension of 157.75 is developed at top for trapezoidal loading
therefore to prevent displacement a shear must be added at top to eliminate this hoop tension.

From the above table it can be noted that for H2/Dt=6 the coefficient for shear at top is -9.02.
Therefore,

-157.75  9.02 *V
*8.25 6.1

Solving we get V=12.93 kN/m and VR/H=12.93*8.25/6.1=17.49kN/m

Using the above value of shear we can get following value of Hoop tension

Table 9 Hoop Tension in Tank of Wall Shear applied at top

Height Coefficient Table A-8 Hoop Tension

kN/m
0.0H -9.02 -157.74
0.1H -5.57 -97.40
0.2H -2.27 -39.69
0.3H -0.50 -8.74
0.4H 0.34 5.95
0.5H 0.59 10.31
0.6H 0.53 9.27
0.7H 0.35 6.12
0.8H 0.17 2.97
0.9H 0.01 0.175
1.0H 0 0
 -200 -100 0 100 0

Figure 7 Hoop Tension in tank for wall with shear applied at top.

Bending Moment Calculations

Using the above calculated value of V to get VH=12.93*6.1=78.87kNm/m.

Using the equations given in table A-9 we get following values of Moment
 Table 10 Bending Moment in Tank of Wall with Shear applied at top

Height Coefficient Table A-9 Moment

kNm/m
0.0H 0 0
0.1H 0.062 4.89
0.2H 0.07 5.52
0.3H 0.056 4.42
0.4H 0.036 2.84
0.5H 0.018 1.42
0.6H 0.006 0.47
0.7H 0 0
0.8H -0.003 -0.237
0.9H -0.005 -0.39
1.0H -0.006 -0.473

-5 0 5 10
0

Figure 8 Bending Moment in tank for wall shear applied at top.

Case 5- Walls with shear applied at base.

From table A-12 the shear developed at base will be equal to

V=0.110*(wH2+pH) (H2/Dt=0.6)

V=0.110*(9.81*6.12+20*6.1)
V=-53.57kN/m
Since the shear is acting outwards therefore for calculation of hoop tension the value is taken
negative. Moreover as the shear is acting at base so coefficients in table A-8 are reversed

Table 11 Hoop Tension in Tank of Wall Shear applied at base

Height Coefficient Hoop Hoop Tension Total Hoop

Table A-8 Tension kN/m Tension
Shear at Case 3
base
kN/m
0.0H 0 0 157.75 157.75
0.1H 0.01 -0.5357 216.35 215.81
0.2H 0.17 -9.1069 278.89 269.78
0.3H 0.35 -18.7495 341.43 322.68
0.4H 0.53 -28.3921 403.98 375.59
0.5H 0.59 -31.6063 455.32 423.71
0.6H 0.34 -18.2138 486.91 468.70
0.7H -0.50 26.785 473.04 499.83
0.8H -2.27 121.6039 393.31 514.91
0.9H -5.57 298.3849 231.90 530.28
1.0H -9.02 483.2014 0 483.20
 -200 0 200 400 600
0

2
shear at base
Without shear
3
Total
4

Figure 9 Hoop Tension in tank for wall with shear applied at base.

Bending Moment Calculations

Using the above calculated value of V to get VH=-53.57*6.1=-326.78kNm/m.

Using the equations given in table A-9 we get following values of Moment
 Table 12 Bending Moment in Tank of Wall with Shear applied at base

Height Coefficient Moment Moment Case 3 Total

Table A-9 Shear at base Moment
kNm/m kN/m
0.0H -0.006 1.96 0 1.96
0.1H -0.005 1.63 0 1.63
0.2H -0.003 0.98 0 0.98
0.3H 0 0.00 0.594 0.59
0.4H 0.006 -1.96 2.38 0.42
0.5H 0.018 -5.88 5.64 -0.24
0.6H 0.036 -11.76 11.59 -0.17
0.7H 0.056 -18.30 18.42 0.12
0.8H 0.07 -22.87 23.17 0.30
0.9H 0.062 -20.26 20.20 -0.06
1.0H 0 0.00 0 0.00

-30.00 -20.00 -10.00 0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00

0

2
shear at base
Without shear
3
Total
4

Figure 10 Bending Moment in tank for wall shear applied at base.

Case 6- Walls with moment applied at top.

When the top of wall and roof slab are made continuous the
deflection of the roof slab will rotate the top of wall. This
rotation will induce a moment at top of wall. As per PCA
assuming factored moment of -56kNm/m and taking slab
thickness as 0.305m. Since the tank roof and wall are integral
a portion of this moment will be transferred to tank wall. The procedure is similar to moment
distribution of continuous frames.

For wall for H2/Dt=6 we get stiffness as 0.783*0.3813/6.1=0.0071

As per PCA c is the column capital diameter=2.44m so c/D= 2.44/16.5=0.15

So coefficient is 0.332 and stiffness value is 0.332*0.3053/8.25=0.00114

The distribution factor for wall =0.0071/(0.0071+0.00114)=0.86

The distribution for slab=0.14

Applying MDM we get

Wall Slab
Distribution factor 0.86 0.14
Fixed at moment 0 -56
Distributed moment 48.16 7.84
Final moment 48.16 -48.16
Using the above table value of Hoop tension is calculated for the moment applied at top

MR/H2=48.16*8.25/6.12 =10.68kN/m
Table 13 Hoop Tension in Tank of Wall moment applied at top

Height Coefficient Table A-10 Hoop Tension Hoop Tension Total Hoop
kN/m kN/m Tension
Case 3
0.0H 0 0.00 157.75 157.75
0.1H 11.41 121.86 216.35 338.21
0.2H 13.08 139.69 278.89 418.58
0.3H 10.28 109.79 341.43 451.22
0.4H 6.54 69.85 403.98 473.83
0.5H 3.34 35.67 455.32 490.99
0.6H 1.21 12.92 486.91 499.83
0.7H -0.05 -0.53 473.04 472.51
0.8H -0.59 -6.30 393.31 387.01
0.9H -0.86 -9.18 231.90 222.72
1.0H -1.04 -11.11 0 -11.11
 -100.00 0.00 100.00 200.00 0

Figure 11 Hoop Tension in tank for wall with moment applied at top.

Bending Moment Calculations

Using the equations given in table A-11 we get following values of Moment
 Table 14 Bending Moment in Tank of Wall with Shear applied at top

Height Coefficient Table A-11 Moment Moment Case 3 Total Moment

kNm/m kN/m
0.0H 1.0 48.16 0 48.16
0.1H 0.572 27.55 0 27.55
0.2H 0.252 12.14 0 12.14
0.3H 0.057 2.75 0.594 3.34
0.4H -0.037 -1.78 2.38 0.60
0.5H -0.065 -3.13 5.64 2.51
0.6H -0.058 -2.79 11.59 8.80
0.7H -0.040 -1.93 18.42 16.49
0.8H -0.018 -0.87 23.17 22.30
0.9H -0.005 -0.24 20.20 19.96
1.0H 0 0.00 0 0.00

-20.00 0.00 20.00 40.00 60.00 0

Figure 12 Bending Moment in tank for moment applied at top.

Case 7- Walls with moment applied at base.

In case the wall was assumed to rest on footing not

continuous with bottom slab of tank. In many cases the
base slab and tank wall form an integral part. Because
of this continuity a portion of bending moment will be
present in base slab will be transferred to the tank wall.
Assuming a base slab moment of 170 kNm/m along
with triangular load of 9.81kN/m3. The fixed end
moment at base of wall is determined using table A-2 for H2/Dt=6.0. The moment is equal

to Base moment at wall=-0.0187*9.81*6.13=-41.64

The procedure is similar as explained before.

Wall Slab
Distribution factor 0.86 0.14
Fixed at moment -41.64 -56
Distributed moment 83.97 13.67
Final moment 42.33 -42.33

Using the above table value of Hoop tension is calculated for the moment applied at
base. Using the value of induced moment at base =83.97 kN/m we get

MR/H2=83.97*8.25/6.12 =18.62kN/m. Moreover for liquid pressure taking the

coefficient same as case 1 for H2/Dt=0.6 and wHR=493.7kN/m
Table 15 Hoop Tension in Tank of Wall moment applied at base

Height Coefficient Hoop Coefficient Hoop Tension Total Hoop

Table A-10 Tension Table A-1 kN/m Tension
kN/m kN/m
0.0H -1.04 -19.36 0.018 8.89 -10.48
0.1H -0.86 -16.01 0.119 58.75 42.74
0.2H -0.59 -10.98 0.234 115.53 104.54
0.3H -0.05 -0.93 0.344 169.83 168.90
0.4H 1.21 22.53 0.441 217.72 240.25
0.5H 3.34 62.19 0.504 248.82 311.02
0.6H 6.54 121.77 0.514 253.76 375.54
0.7H 10.28 191.41 0.447 220.68 412.10
0.8H 13.08 243.55 0.301 148.60 392.15
0.9H 11.41 212.45 0.112 55.29 267.749
1.0H 0 0 0 0 0
 -100 0 100 200 300 0

Figure 13 Hoop Tension in tank for wall with moment applied at base.

Bending Moment Calculations

Using the equations given in table A-11 we get following values of Moment and
induced moment equal to 83.97kNm/m. The value of wH3=2226.68kNm/m
 Table 16 Bending Moment in Tank of Wall with Shear applied at base

Height Coefficient Moment Coefficient Moment Total

Table A-11 kNm/m Table A-2 kNm/m Moment
kNm/m
0.0H 0 0.00 0 0.00 0.00
0.1H -0.005 -0.42 0.0001 0.22 -0.20
0.2H -0.018 -1.51 0.0003 0.67 -0.84
0.3H -0.040 -3.36 0.0008 1.78 -1.58
0.4H -0.058 -4.87 0.0019 4.23 -0.64
0.5H -0.065 -5.46 0.0032 7.13 1.67
0.6H -0.037 -3.11 0.0046 10.24 7.14
0.7H 0.057 4.79 0.0051 11.36 16.14
0.8H 0.252 21.16 0.0029 6.46 27.62
0.9H 0.572 48.03 -0.041 -91.29 -43.26
1.0H 1 83.97 -0.0187 -41.64 42.33

-50.00 0.00 50.00 100.00

0

Figure 14 Bending Moment in tank for moment applied at base.