Thursday, 22 January 2015

Limitations

A320 Engines CFM 56-5 & IAE V2500

MTW 77,400

MTOW 77,000 Max Taxi speed 20 Kt above 76,000

MLW 66,000

MZFW 62,500

Min Weight 37,230

Max operating altitude 39,800

Airport Alt 9200, Runway slope +-2%

MMO 0.82 IAS 350 Kt Max gear 280 Kt, EXT 250 Kt, retract 220 Kt, Max Alt 25,000

Flaps/slats Max alt 20,000

Tire speed 195, wipers 230 Kt, DV window 200 Kt

Pressurisation:- Max Diff +9.0 psi & -1 psi, Safety valve 8.6 psi

Max cabin altitude 8000ft, cabin warning 9550ft

ENGINES

CFM 56

Start 725C, MCT 915C, Take off 950C, 5min/10min eng fail

Oil Temp Min for start -40C, Min -10C above idle, 50C prior take off

Max con 155C, 15 Min 165C,

Min Oil pressure 60 psi

APU:-

Max EGT start 900C, Run 675C & 107%N Max 3 starts then 60 min cool

Operate bleed air & Elec up to Fl 225, Elec only Fl 410

APU Bat start limit Fl 250

AUTO-FLIGHT

A/P Min use 100ft Agl

Approach:- Circling min - 100ft, NPA Min, ILS Cat 1 160ft, PAR 250ft,
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Wind Limits

Cargo doors must be closed 65 kts, operation 40 kts or 50 kts if into wind.

Max X wind 38 kts demo

Max tail wind take off 15 kt

Max tail wind landing 10 kt

Questions:-

Air Con & Press

1. After total failure of the Air Conditioning System Controller:-

ONE LANE FAILURE :- No effect, as the second lane takes over.

BOTH LANES FAILURE :- The related pack is lost, and the hot air pressure-regulating
valve and associated trim air valves close.

2. The Avionics Ventilation System Signals:- The AEVC controls the operation of all fans
and valves in the avionics ventilation system.

3. With pack flow switch selected to LO, the actual flow will be:- The system delivers
normal flow if the crew selects LO flow and the temperature demand cannot be satisfied.

4. Manual pressurisation mode, select MAN V/S CTL switch on cabin Press panel
towards up position the differential pressure will:-

UP : The valve moves towards the open position. decrease

DN: The valve moves towards the closed position. increase

Auto Flight

5. What are the pitch & roll modes for take off on the ground:-
Toga or Flex 54/ SRS/RWY

6. After a new speed is selected and not pulled, the new selected speed will be:- Managed
. If the flight crew does not pull the knob within 10 s after turning it, the
selection reverts to dashes. 

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7. When will the FD be armed initially:- . The FDs are engaged automatically when
the FMGC powers up. 


8. What is the correct way to disconnect the A/THR:- . The flight crew presses the
takeover pb on the sidestick




COMMUNICATION

9. On the overhead panel, the Audio Switching is selected to CAPT 3, what does the Capt
normally use for radio comms:- ACP 1 is replaced by ACP 3 normal headset and hand mic
cane used.

10. Cabin Call EMER PB causes which of the following to occur:- When pressed, the
following aural and visual alerts will trigger in the cabin: - Two pink lights flash
on all area call panels.

- The “EMERGENCY CALL” message appears on all AIPs.

- A high-low chime sounds three times, on all of the loudspeakers.

Also, on the cockpit CALLS panel, the ON light flashes in white and the CALL light
flashes in amber.

ELECTRCS

11. What is the supply priority order for the AC Bus 2 on the ground:- GEN 1 and 2 when
operating have priority over the APU generator and over external power. External power
has priority over the APU generator when the EXT PWR pb switch is ON. The APU
generator or external power can supply the entire network.

One engine generator can supply the entire network.

The generators cannot be connected in parallel.

12. TR! failed, TR2 supplies:- The other TR automatically replaces the faulty one. The
ESS TR supplies the DC ESS BUS.

13. GEN 1 switch off :- GEN 1 line contactor opens.


The AC BUS 1 channel is supplied from GEN 2 through bus tie contactors. This is used
for smoked drill.

Inner tanks are still supplied directly from the IDG if GEN 1 is switched of for SMOKE
DRILL.

FIRE
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14. No loop failure, what conditions trigger a fire warning:- The fire warning appears in case
of:-

• a fire signal from both loop A and B or,


• a fire signal from one loop when the other is faulty, or

• breaks in both loops occurring within 5 s of each other (flame effect),
• a test performed on the control panel.

FLIGHT CONTROLS

15. Right side stick deactivated, what does a steady green light illuminated on the left
side of the glare shield indicate? In a priority situation:-
-  A red light comes on in front of the pilot whose stick is deactivated. 

-  A green light comes on in front of the pilot who has taken control, if the other stick is
not in the neutral position (to indicate a potential and unwanted control demand).

16. Pitch limits for Normal Law Conf 0:- Pitch attitude is limited to :

- 30 ° nose up in conf 0 to 3 (progressively reduced to 25 ° at low speed).

- 25 ° nose up in conf FULL (progressively reduced to 20 ° at low speed).

- 15 ° nose down (indicated by green symbols “=” on the PFD’s pitch scale).

17. Alternate law, how do indications change at the bottom of the speed scale:- The PFD speed
scale is modified to show a black/red barber pole below the stall warning.

The α floor protection is inoperative.

18. Spoiler failed, how does the system compensate for undesirable yaw:- When a spoiler
surface on one wing fails, the symmetric one on the other wing is inhibited.

19. G protection:- +2.5 g to -1 g for clean configuration. +2 g to 0 for other configurations.

20. When can the pilot use rudder trim:- In manual flight, the pilot can apply rudder trim
via the rotary RUD TRIM switch on the pedestal. The pilot can use a button on the RUD
TRIM panel to reset the rudder trim to zero.

Note: With the autopilot engaged, the FMGC computes the rudder trim orders. The rudder
trim rotary switch and the rudder trim reset pushbutton are not active.

21. Flap 2 selected in flight, an asymmetric flap condition occurs:- An assymetry position
pick-off unit (APPU) that measures the assymetry between the left and right

wings.

- A flap disconnect detection system, which detects attachment failure and inhibits flap
operation in
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order to prevent further damage. A sensor detects the failure by measuring excessive
differential

movement between the inner and the outer flaps.


- Wingtip brakes (WTBs), activated in case of assymetry, mechanism overspeed,
symmetrical

runaway, or un commanded movement of the surfaces. They cannot be released in flight.


They use blue and green hydraulic power for the slats and for the right wing flaps, and
blue and yellow hydraulic power for the left wing flaps.

22. A-Lock is annunciated below the SLAT/FLAP indicator on E/WD. Caused by and how to
recover:- This function inhibits slat retraction at high angles-of-attack and low speeds.

The SFCCs use corrected angle-of-attack (alpha) or airspeed information from the
ADIRUs to inhibit slat retraction.

If alpha exceeds 8.5 ° or the airspeed goes below 148 Kts, retraction from position 1 to
position 0 is inhibited.

The inhibition is removed when alpha goes below 7.6 ° and, when the speed exceeds
154Kts. This function is not active if :

-  Alpha exceeds 8.5 ° or the airspeed goes below 148 Kts, after the flight crew has
moved the lever to 0 

-  The aircraft is on the ground, and its speed is less than 60 Kts.

FUEL

23. ECAM E/WD green REFUELG appear?:- REFUELG, when the door of the
refuel control panel ︎ on the fuselage or on the wing is open.

24. Center tank booster pumps failed:- Gravity feeding from the center tank is not
possible (no by-pass valve fitted on the center tank pumps). FOB 1/2 Amber box

25. Inner tank reaches 750kgs :- The transfer valves automatically open, when the inner
tank fuel reaches the low level (about 750 kg), thus enabling the fuel to drain from
the outer to inner tanks. Also ecam warning.

HYDRAULICS

26. Blue pump Auto, when does it operate:- AUTO : If AC power is available, the
electric pump operates : - In flight

- On the ground, if one engine is running or if the crew has pressed the BLUE PUMP
OVRD pushbutton on the maintenance panel.

27. PTU :- A bidirectional power transfer unit enables the yellow system to pressurise
the green system and vice versa.

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The power transfer unit comes into action automatically when the differential pressure
between the green and the yellow systems is greater than 500 PSI.

The PTU therefore allows the green system to be pressurised on the ground when the
engines are stopped. Inhibited for Eng start and Cargo door operation.

28. HYD overhead panel, overheated engine driven pump FAULT light will:- This amber light
comes on, and the ECAM caution appears, if :

- The reservoir level is low


- The reservoir overheats

- The reservoir air pressure is low
- The pump pressure is low (inhibited on the ground, when the engine is stopped).

This light goes out, when the crew selects OFF, except during an overheat. (The light
stays on as long as the overheat lasts).

ICE & RAIN

29. Wing anti ice on ground, the wing valves:- On the ground the wing anti-icing control
valves open for 30 s only (test sequence).

30. TAT probes heated:- On the ground, the TAT probes are not heated and pitot heating
operates at a low level (the changeover to normal power in flight is automatic).

31. Slats ice protection:- In flight, hot air from the pneumatic system heats the three
outboard slats (3-4-5) of each wing.


FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS

32. Altitude strip a vertical red ribbon appears on short finals indicating:- Ground reference

A red ribbon on the right of the altitude scale represents the field elevation. This ribbon,
which is driven by the radio altimeter signal, is displayed below 570 ft.

It moves up, as does the lower line of the attitude sphere, with the altitude scale as the
aircraft descends. When the aircraft has touched down, the top of this ribbon is at the
middle of the altitude window.

33. Speed trend arrow:- This pointer starts at the speed symbol. The tip indicates the speed
the aircraft will reach in10 s, if its acceleration remains constant. The pointer only
appears, when it is greater than 2 kt, and disappears when it is less than 1 kt.

It also disappears, if the FACs fail.
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34. Side stick (white X) indication is displayed as soon as:- On the ground, after the first
engine start, sidestick position indications appear white on both PFDs. The indications
disappear when the aircraft goes from the ground into flight.

35. NAV Display, what does M next to VOR/ADF mean:- Mode of tuning 

• M for a NAVAID tuned manually by the pilot through the MCDU (underlined and
dimmed), • R for a NAVAID tuned from an RMP (Radio Management Panel) (underlined
and dimmed),

• Nothing for a NAVAID tuned automatically by the FMGC.

LANDING GEAR

36. LGCIU’s switch over:- The LGCIUs control the sequencing of gear and doors
electrically. One LGCIU controls one complete gear cycle, then switches over
automatically to the other LGCIU at the completion of the retraction cycle. It also
switches over in case of failure.

37. Auto brake on landing:- • LO mode sends progressive pressure to the brakes 4 s
after the ground spoilers deploy, in order to decelerate the aircraft at 1.7 m/s2 (5.6 ft/s2). 

• MED mode sends progressive pressure to the brakes 2 s after the ground spoilers
deploy in order to decelerate the aircraft at 3 m/s2 (9.8 ft/s2).

38. Gravity extension of gear with Green HYD out, When a crew member turns the
crank, it :

- isolates the landing gear hydraulics from the green hydraulic system, - unlocks the
landing gear doors and the main and nose main gear,

- allows gravity to drop the gear into the extended position.

39. Red UNLK light indicate on the landing gear indicator panel:- comes on red if the
gear is not locked in the selected position.

40. Nose wheel steering is not available:- A/SKID & N/W STRG sw

This ON/OFF switch activates or deactivates the nose wheel steering and anti-skid.

Hand tiller 75deg up to 80Kts and rudder pedals 6deg up to 130Kts.

LIGHTS

41. Gear retracted which lights extinguish automatically:- taxi and takeoff lights & runway
turn-off lights

42. Pre flight ADIRs ON BAT light comes on amber:- ON BAT light

The ON BAT light come on in amber when the aircraft battery supplies at least one IRS.
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The ON BAT light also comes on for a few seconds at the beginning of a complete IRS
alignment. lt does not come on in the case of a fast alignment.

43. Captain’s ND show when selected to ROSE ILS:- ILS 1 information appears on PFD
1 and ND 2. ILS 2 information appears on PFD 2 and ND 1. So ILS 2 info.

44. No of SAT required for NAV Mode:- until it is able to track at least 4 satellites, then
transfers to NAV mode.

45. RMP tuning Navaids is in use:- R for a NAVAID tuned from an RMP If ILS tuned
then no DME on PFD.

46. TERRAIN AHEAD auto terrain display on ND with:- Automatic terrain display See
*

-  Solid yellow areas 

-  TERR AHEAD (amber)

TERRAIN AHEAD, PULL UP Automatic terrain display 


-  Solid red areas 

-  TERR AHEAD (red)

47. Which IR/FCU parameters normally supply ATC 2 and what happens if they fail:-
IR/FCU parameters are only transmitted to: - ATC 1 by IR 1/FCU 1

- ATC 2 by IR 2/FCU 2

OXYGEN

48. Pressure for crew OXY to have amber half box:- It is in amber, when the pressure is <
300 PSI.

On ground, an amber half frame appears when oxygen pressure is < 1000 PSI. n this case,
the flight crew must check that the remaining quantity is not below the minimum

49. Pax Oxygen mask deploy:- cabin pressure altitude exceeds 14 000 ft (+250, -750 ft).

PHEUMATICS

50. BMC 1 failure:- If one BMC fails, the other one takes over most of the monitoring
functions. issue the following ECAM warnings if necessary :

- overpressure

- over temperature

- wing leak.

Each bleed valve is pneumatically operated and controlled electrically by its associated
BMC.
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No APU Bleed Leak detection if BMC 1 lost.

51. With no leak detected , describe the X bleed valve operation:- In automatic mode, the
cross bleed valve opens when the system uses APU bleed air. It closes, if the system
detects an air leak (except during engine start).

APU

52. APU runs at 100% after selecting off:- If the aircraft was using APU
bleed air, the APU keeps running for a cooling period of 60 s. 

-  At 7 %, the air inlet flap closes.

53. APU Starter engagement:- When the flap is completely open, the starter is
energised. 

-  1.5 s after the starter is energised, the ignition turns on. 

-  When N = 60 %. The APU starter is de-energised. The ignition is turned off. 

-  2 s after N reached 95 %, or when N is above 99.5 %:

DOORS & EQUIP

54. PAX Door RED CABIN PRESSURE light:- One CABIN PRESSURE warning light
that warns of residual pressure in the cabin. When at least 1 Eng stopped and slides dis-
armed.

POWER PLANT

55. FADEC SYS:- Each power plant has a FADEC (Full Authority Digital Engine
Control) system.

FADEC, also called the Electronic Control Unit (ECU), is a digital control system that
performs complete engine management.

FADEC has two-channel redundancy, with one channel active and one in standby.

If one channel fails, the other automatically takes control.

The system has a magnetic alternator for an internal power source.

FADEC is mounted on the fan case.

The Engine Interface Unit (EIU) transmits to FADEC the data it uses for engine
management.
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56. Igniters will not automatically activate:- AUTOMATIC SELECTION ONLY



IAE only with ENG ANTI ICE

57. ENG Start cycles:- 4 consecutive cycles: Each lasts a maximum of 2 min 

-  Pause between start attempts: 20 s 

-  Cooling period, after 4 start attempts: 15 min 

-  No running engagement of the starter, when N2 is above 20 %.

58. Manual Start engine master on:- Switch Engine master on at Max N2 at least 20%

59. Manual start EGT limit exceeded before 50% N2 :- On ground (manual start):
. The FADEC has not the authority to abort the manual start :

- in flight 

- on ground, except if the start EGT limit is exceeded before reaching 50 % N2. In
this case only, the FADEC aborts the start. 


60. Engine panel, Fault light:- FAULT light : This amber light comes on, and a caution
appears on ECAM, if there is:

- an automatic start abort

- a disagreement between the HP fuel valve position and its commanded position.

61. Fuel used re set to 0. Fuel used

The green number is the fuel used as computed by the DMC.


The green number resets, when the engine starts (MASTER switch ON) on the ground.

62. N1 indication what does a cyan arc display:- Engine lag with auto thrust engaged to
commanded N1.

LIMITATIONS

63. Engine starting limits:-

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-  4 consecutive cycles: Each lasts a maximum of 2 min 

-  Pause between start attempts: 20 s 

-  Cooling period, after 4 start attempts: 15 min 

-  No running engagement of the starter, when N2 is above 20 %.

Oil temp -40 C for start, -10C Take off.

EGT 725 during start, MCT 915, Take off 950

64. 70Kts

65. 2%

66. 10Kts Take Off 15kts

67. deselect GPS

68. 20Kts

69. 20,000ft

70. VLO Gear Down 250Kts Retract 220Kts Ext 280Kts/0.67 25,000ft

71. 65Kts

72. 20,000ft

73. 9.0psi, safety valve 8.6psi

74. 2 packs Gen 15,000ft, 1 pack Gen 22500ft, Gen 25,000ft, Eng start 20,000ft

75. 20,000ft

76. 70Kts

Emergency Recognition and Immediate Actions

77. Stop, Thrust Idle, Max Rev, then Manual brake if no deceleration.

78. Oxy, PA, Signs, Emergency descent, Turn and pull ALT, HDG, SPD thrust idle, speed
brake FULL.

79. TCAS Climb:- AP/FD OFF, Follow RA, ATC TCAS

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80. AP/FD-OFF A/THR-OFF

PITCH/THRUST:

Below THRUST RED ALT..................................................................15° / TOGA
Above THRUST RED ALT and Below FL 100…………………………………10° / CLB
Above THRUST RED ALT and Above FL 100………......................................5° / CLB
FLAPS (if CONF 0(1)(2)(3)).......................................................... MAINTAIN
CURRENT CONF FLAPS (if CONF FULL)............SELECT CONF 3 AND MAINTAIN
SPEED BRAKES…………….. CHECK RETRACTED
Landing Gear...............................................................UP

81. GPWS PULL UP:- AP-OFF, PULL UP Full Back Stick, TOGA, Speed Brake down,
AOB

82. GA TOGA, Flap 1 step, +rate Gear Up, MAN TOGA/SRS /GA TRK, Then NAV or
HDG

83. STOP Thrust Idle, REV, Check decel

84. WINDSHEAR TOGA, AP leave on, SRS follow, Maintain config

Special requirements -Glass Cockpit

85. ECAM Upper DU fails how can SD/status be displayed:- In normal operation, each
DMC drives the following Display Units : - DMC 1 drives the CAPT PFD, CAPT ND
and the ECAM DUs.

- DMC 2 drives the F/O PFD and F/O ND.

- DMC 3 is on standby, ready to drive any DU.

If DMC 1 or 2 fails (the “INVALID DATA” message is displayed on the DUs), the crew
manually selects the DMC 3 source (“CAPT 3” or “F/O 3”).

If DMC 1 fails (or DMC 3, if “CAPT 3” was selected), DMC 2 automatically drives the
ECAM.

Upper Ecam fails then E/WD drops down to lower Ecam. SD page can be selected by
pressing page required.

86. Landing inhibit 800ft to 80Kts, Take Off Inhibit T/O power to 800ft

TO MEMO 2 mins after Eng start. Landing Memo 2000ft

87. Ecam RCL button, recalls cleared items pressed for 3Secs recalls Emergency
Canceled Items.

88. SD page come up with any ab normal parameter or ADV

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89. Press ALL button to scroll through pages

90. LGCIU 1 displays 3 greens on main panel, wheel page shows 6 triangles only 1 green
required for wheel down confirmation.

91. STS light flashing reminder to deselect page

92. FWC Flight Warning Computer:- The FWCs also generate:


- Radio height callouts

- Decision height callouts

- Landing distance and landing speed increments.

93. Climb constraint not being met:- Constraint turns Amber, also scratch pad error code

94. FMGC can only tune ADF if its part of Approach NPA

95. MAP NOT AVAIL FMGC failure or resent

96. Speed higher on APP than managed :- Mini ground speed operating.

97. GO AROUND FMA reads GO-AROUND / TRK

98. Alpha Floor available when Thrust active/idle but when its been disengaged by
pressing A/T PB 15secs or more.

99. LAND on PFD at 400ft can only disengage by going to TOGA

100. A/T On and AP/FD off A/T will maintain current speed (blue). Mode goes to HDG/
VS



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