CHAPTER 2 HTML, XHTML and HTML5S 4. Introduction HTML, Hyper Text Markup Language is a markup language that adds layout to the web content. Markup of any web page is the method of presenting texts and visual information to the web user. Different visible colors, fonts, images, ete are different in different browsers. HTML uses different tags to develop markups for a web page and makes the web page readily available for different information HTML had different versions and earlier version's of HTML up to HTML4 were simply denoted by HTML. Now, the latest version of HTML is 5, which is referred to as HTMLS and the reason for this to be notified is because of the difference that it holds with traditional HTML4 or simply HTML. HTML5 was developed to improve the previous version of HTML and to increase compatibility level with different browsers at the same time. In the previous version of HTML, executing JS was quite impossible but with HTMLS it became possible by the introduction of JS web worker API. It also supports different media platform like videos and audios with specific tags to execute them simply and more reliably. Accessing location is very simple with HTML5 and is very platform independent. Parsing flexibility of HTMLS has always been one of the added feature and advantages XHTML, eXtensible Hyper Text Markup Language is similar to HTML with the only difference being the addition of XML to solve browsers related issues of compatibility with the presentation of information. This is a bit more stronger and advanced in comparison to HTML in the way of presenting text and visuals. It was improved as an extension to HTML. 2. Document Metadata The information that a document carries which may or may not be visible on the document itself. It helps in locating information or document easier by filtering the search Meta tags are generally hidden from the document which may fetch the information that the user is not aware about. The major role that metadata is to hold the information about when the document was created and the author of that document, the last modified and accessed date, etc. It can be ignored or removed to add security to the information that are to be kept private. 3. Basic structure of HTML HTML is used to display texts, visuals, images, etc to the user via a web application HTML is the root tag of HTML which allows other tags to be inside of it. The basic structure of HTML has head and body. Head, generally holds title and meta data of the document Title simply holds the content along with text and a image to be shown at the top of the web application. Meta data hold the basic information about the document as discussed earlier. DOCTYPE ‘stitle> Title here web page content goes here. By: eshte Madindra Aryal we 1 lescription” content="We provide best quality service in our Body contains the entire content to be presented to the user and it has different types of tag to do that. Tags inside body also allows different programming languages to be integrated to the document. 4. Section Section is a tag in html that is used to specify the uniqueness of a specific content from the rest of other content. For example:

KIST BIT

‘s/section> =

KIST BBA

The tag section can also be modified in ess: section{ /Idifferent attributes can be described here 5. Grouping Content a. The p element p is a paragraph tag in html which generally holds text to present information to the user about something in detail. b. The ol element It represent the ordered list, which is used to display the information in the list of countable numbers ©. The ul element Similar to the ordered list elements but instead of countable numbers, other characters are used. d. The li element The display of element with the help of list is done by this element of html which can contain either ol element or ul element. By: Madindra Aryal 2e. The div element div is used to distinguish the content inside the body of html in either class or id The so made class and id can be defined with different attributes using the same div in css. f. The hr element 1, h2, h3, ete are the heading tags that are used to display heading of content in a attractive or a bold way so that it appears quite differently than other information. 6. Text Level Semantics 2. The a element The a element contains href which represents hyperlink or the url. It can also have the target which can hold the browsing content. b. The strong element Atag in html that shows content in a bold font to make it more unique in comparison to other elements. c. The b element Itis a tag to display a content in bold style. d. The cite element This element holds the title of work and can be used as:

Nepal is a beautiful country

7. The embedded content A tag in html that is able to embed other contents inside of it. The tag itself is able to do the same thing. It is mainly focused in embedding some external content. The embed content requires extra plug-in supported by browsers for the execution 8. Tabular data Representation of data in tabular format is done by using table in html. The table tag in html used for modifying any given content to tabular format.

A

B

The tag table can be modified using css which can add different attributes to the so made table. 9. Forms Html form tags play vital role in collection of information from user for various different application. The input elements of form tags ate used to accept user input which can be later on saved to different platforms. Radio buttons, submit buttons, ete are some example of form tag. It also has action, the attribute which transfers the form control to the next content or document. The tag's method can either be POST or GET depending upon the requirement and it starts working when the submit button is pressed

By: Madindra Aryal 3 10. Lists, Links, Frames, Image Lists in html are divided in unordered lists or ordered lists a. Unordered Lists: + Nepal + USA + UK

• Nepalsili>
• b. Ordered Lists: 1. Nepal 2.USA 3. UK
  1. Nepal slol> Links in html generally provide the way to link one document with other link or url. Click Here to continue The target attribute makes the link open in new tab of the web browser. Frames in html displays different web pages in the same document. It can be used as: Image is a tag in html for embedding images inside the specific portion of a document. It can be used as: By: Madindra Aryal 4