UPMI MEDAN

ISSN : 1978-4430 VOLUME 15 NO 3, 2018

EDISI 2018

PRESENT TENSES
SUBMITTED TO FULFILL ASSIGNMENT OF STRUCTURE I

MUHAMMAD SHALEH BAIZIT BALAKSA

140110008

ABSTRACT

In learning English, the students always face many problems, especially in mastering
writing skill. It is because writing skill is a complicated skill and there are a lot of rules that
should be noticed by the students, including the use of tense. Actually, the use of grammar is
the most difficult thing for the students because it has many rules that should be considered
by the students, especially the use of tense which indicates the activities in a certain time.
One of the tenses that is learned by the students is simple present tense. Betty (2002:2)
explains that in general, simple present expresses the event or situation that exist always,
usually, habitually, they exist now, have existed in the past, and probably will exist in the
future.It means that simple present tense is used to express general truth, repeated actions and
even something that is fixed in the future. Most of the students never consider the complexity
of simple present tense. They confuse to use plural and singular when they write simple
present tense. They still influenced by their mother tongue because there is no change of verb
in Indonesian.For example, the student writes “He walk to school everyday” instead of “He
walks to school everyday”. Therefore, they often make a lot of errors when they write simple
present tense.

ABSTRAK Sebenarnya, penggunaan tata bahasa

adalah hal yang paling sulit bagi siswa
Dalam belajar bahasa Inggris, para
karena memiliki banyak aturan yang harus
siswa selalu menghadapi banyak masalah,
dipertimbangkan oleh siswa, terutama
terutama dalam penguasaan keterampilan
penggunaan tense yang menunjukkan
menulis. Itu karena keterampilan menulis
kegiatan dalam waktu tertentu. Salah satu
adalah keterampilan yang rumit dan ada
bentuk kata yang dipelajari oleh siswa
banyak aturan yang harus diperhatikan
adalah present present tense. Betty (2002:
oleh siswa, termasuk penggunaan tegang.
2) menjelaskan bahwa secara umum, hadir

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EDISI 2018

sederhana mengungkapkan peristiwa atau

situasi yang ada selalu, biasanya, biasanya,
mereka ada sekarang, telah ada di masa
lalu, dan mungkin akan ada di masa depan.
Itu berarti present present tense digunakan
untuk mengekspresikan kebenaran umum,
tindakan berulang dan bahkan sesuatu
yang diperbaiki di masa depan. Sebagian
besar siswa tidak pernah
mempertimbangkan kompleksitas present
tense sederhana. Mereka bingung
menggunakan jamak dan tunggal ketika
mereka menulis present tense sederhana.
Mereka masih dipengaruhi oleh bahasa ibu
mereka karena tidak ada perubahan kata
kerja dalam bahasa Indonesia. Misalnya,
siswa menulis "Dia berjalan ke sekolah
setiap hari" bukannya "Dia berjalan ke
sekolah setiap hari". Oleh karena itu,
mereka sering membuat banyak kesalahan INTRODUCTION
ketika mereka menulis present tense
English is the international
sederhana.
language. By mastering English well, we
will be able to communicate with other
nations in this world. In addition, we will
also be able to add insight and knowledge
to the progress of our nation and country,
because we will be able to read English
literature, listen to foreign radio
broadcasts, and watch other scientific
films. Thus, in the end we can master
knowledge in all fields.

English has rules for writing

sentences such as tense. Tenses are

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EDISI 2018

important in English education. If

someone wants to master English well,
Medan, June 2019
then he must be able to master good
tenses. Among the forms of tenses we will
discuss simple present tense.

Tenses are important in English

education. If someone wants to master the
English well, then he should be able to
master the good tenses. Among the forms
CONTENT
of tenses we will discuss the simple
present tense. Present Tense or also known 1. Meaning of Tenses
as Simple Present Tense is a form of time Tenses are very important
used to express deeds. Where the Simple and fundamental when learning
Present Tense is used in declaring events English. Tenses are generally used
that occur today or is a daily habit, it can to form a sentence in English based
also be used to express a general truth. on the time of the event or event. In
other words, Tenses have a very
The problem formulation of this
close relationship with the time of
discussion topic is the meaning of Tenses,
an event. An event or event can
Simple Present Tense, Simple Present
take place in the past (the past),
Continuous Tense, Simple Present Perfect
now (the present) and in the future
Tense, Simple Present Perfect Continuous
(the future).
Tense.

The purpose of this discussion topic is 2. Simple Present Tense

the readers can understand and apply Simple present tense is a
tenses in daily conversations or formal form of verb to express facts,
activities that use English as their main habits, and events that occur at the
language and to find out the formula for present time. This form of verb is
using Simple Present Tense, Present most often used in English.
Continous Tense, Present Perfect Usage :
Continous Tense in a sentence. a. Used to express a habit that is
done at a certain time.
Example:

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- He usually goes to office at (?) do/does + s + V1 + Object?

six o’clock every morning
Examples:
- I only eat vegetables
- He visits my house twice a 1. (+) My sister lives in Bali
week Luhur.
b. Used to express an activity that
(-) My sister does not live
is repetitive.
in Palembang.
Example:
- We work five days in a (?) Does my sister live in
week Jakarta ?
- I go to market every
2. (+) The sun rises in the
morning
east.
- My parents are always at
home on Sunday (-) The sun does not rise in
c. Used to express an order or the west.
request to the second person or
(?) Does the sun rises in the
the other person.
north?
Example:
- Please, come in, Wulan
- Open the bottle and pour
3. Simple Present Continuous
the contents into glass
Tense
d. Used to declare an incident or
Present Continuous Tense
event that is certain (already
is a form of time that is used to
scheduled) and will occur or be
express an action, situation or
implemented in the future.
event that is happening when it is
Example:
discussed. We can also use this
- Our team plays in Tambak
tense to talk about an ongoing
Sari Stadium next month
change or development over a long
Formulas : period of time. In addition, this
tense can also be used to refer to an
(+) S + V1 + es/s + Object
action that will be carried out in the
(-) S + do/does + not + V1 + future (planning).
Object Usage :

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- To show an action that is (?) Am I studying Math now

being done now. ?
- To tell about a change that
2. (+) We are eating breakfast
is happening.
at six o’clock now.
- For the meaning of the
future, is a plan that we (-) Toni is not studying
have made carefully. English now.
- To tell an event that
happened when we talked
even though it was not 4. Simple Present Perfect
timely. That is, we do an Continuous Tense
activity today, this week, Present Perfect Continuous
this month and so on, even Tense is one form of tenses used to
though when we talk we express an action that began in the
don't do any activities. past and still continues today. This
- To show an action that tense emphasizes the action itself
occurs repeatedly. (such as the duration of the action).
- To show a job that will be Usage :
done in the near future We use the Present Perfect
(plan) Continuous when we encounter a
condition in which a long-standing
Formulas :
event has just stopped. Example
(+) s + is/am/are + V – ing conditions are like this:
Mira asks Sinta why is the road
(-) s + is/am/are + not + V – ing
wet?
(?) is/am/are + s + V – ing - Mira: Shinta, the road is wet do
you know why?
Examples :
- Shinta: It has been raining Mira.
1. (+) I’m studying structure It has been raining is the
now. Present Perfect Continuous
sentence. Shinta explained that
(-) I’m not studying
there had been rain before. The
Indonesian now.
Present Perfect Continuous
sentences are always related to

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current conditions. Consider the
following sentences:
- Jamie is very tired. He has been
working very hard. (He is tired
now)
- You are bleeding. What have you
been doing? (you are bleeding
now)
- She has been talking to Ira about
the plan. Ira is telling everyone
now.
Formulas :
(+) s + have/has + been + V – ing
(–) s + have/has + not + been + V –
ing
(?) have/has + s + been + V – ing ?
Examples :
1. (+) Jack has been staying in
hospital since his accident
(-) Jack has not been staying in
hospital.
(?) Has jack been staying in
hospital since his accident ?
2. (+) Ketut has been talking to
Willy on the phone for twenty
minutes.
(-) Andre and Merry have not
been talking since may.
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5. Simple Present Perfect Tense
The present perfect tense is
formed with a present tense form
of "to have" plus the past participle
of the verb (which can be either
regular or irregular in form).
Present Perfect Tense (finish time
now) is a tense used to express
actions, events, events that
happened in the past and still have
something to do with it now or to
indicate an event that is completed
in a short time.
Usage :
- To declare the actions
committed in the past and
still continue to the present
Example :
I have waited you since
afternoon
He has gone since morning
- To explain actions that have
been completed completely
Example :
Budi has given me a book
We have helped him
- To explain a repeat action
at an uncertain time before
now
Example :
UPMI MEDAN
ISSN : 1978-4430 VOLUME 15 NO 3, 2018
EDISI 2018

I have never promised to

met her
She has ever met us
Formulas :

(+) s + have/has + V3 +
Object
(–) s + have/has + not + V3
+ Object
(?) have/has + s + V3 +
Object ?

Examples : CONCLUSION

1. (+) Winny has eaten Simple Present Tense is the

lunch. Time Form used to express deeds.
(-) Ketut has not eaten Simple Present Tense is used to
lunch. express a habit that is performed at
(?) Has Nopri eaten a certain time (habits), declares
lunch ? general truths, states a repeated
2. (+) They have know each actions, states an instruction or
other for along time. directions), states a fixed
(-) I and my girl friend arrangement, declaring with future
have not met for along construction. Simple Present Tense
time. is divided into Simple Present
Continuous Tense, Simple Present
Perfect Tense, Simple Present
Perfect Tense. From the discussion
above I can conclude that the
tenses is a form of the verb in the
English language to indicate the
time (present, future, or past) the
occurrence of an act or event.

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REFERENCES

Soedirman, English grammar and

conversation, Yogyakarta: karya
imu Surabaya, 1993
http://dwireza13.blogspot.com/201
8/04/makalahsimple-present-tense-
disusunoleh.html
http://arjaenim.blogspot.com/2012/
11/makalah-bhs-inggris-past-
perfect-tense.html
http://misslyways.blogspot.com/20
13/12/bab-i-pendahuluan-1.html

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