Problem 2.

50 [Difficulty: 3]

Given: Block on oil layer pulled by hanging weight

Find: Expression for viscous force at speed V; differential equation for motion; block speed as function of time; oil viscosity

Mg
x
Ft
Solution: Ft y
du
Governing equations: τyx = μ⋅ ΣFx = M ⋅ ax
dy Fv

mg
Assumptions: Laminar flow; linear velocity profile in oil layer N

2
The given data is M = 5 ⋅ kg W = m⋅ g = 9.81⋅ N A = 25⋅ cm h = 0.05⋅ mm

dV
Equation of motion (block) ΣFx = M ⋅ ax so Ft − Fv = M ⋅ ( 1)
dt

dV
Equation of motion (block) ΣFy = m⋅ ay so m⋅ g − Ft = m⋅ ( 2)
dt

dV
Adding Eqs. (1) and (2) m⋅ g − Fv = ( M + m) ⋅
dt

du V
The friction force is Fv = τyx⋅ A = μ⋅ ⋅ A = μ⋅ ⋅ A
dy h

μ⋅ A dV
Hence m⋅ g − ⋅ V = ( M + m) ⋅
h dt

M+m
To solve separate variables dt = ⋅ dV
μ⋅ A
m⋅ g − ⋅V
h
( M + m) ⋅ h μ⋅ A ( M + m) ⋅ h μ⋅ A
t=− ⋅ ⎛⎜ ln⎛⎜ m⋅ g − ⋅ V⎞ − ln( m⋅ g ) ⎞ = − ⋅ ln⎛⎜ 1 − ⋅ V⎞
μ⋅ A ⎝ ⎝ h ⎠ ⎠ μ⋅ A ⎝ m⋅ g ⋅ h ⎠
μ⋅ A
− ⋅t
μ⋅ A ( M+ m) ⋅ h
Hence taking antilogarithms 1− ⋅V = e
m⋅ g ⋅ h
 ⎡ −
μ⋅ A
⋅ t⎤
m⋅ g ⋅ h ⎢ ( M + m) ⋅ h ⎥ m⋅ g ⋅ h
Finally V= ⋅ ⎣1 − e ⎦ The maximum velocity is V =
μ⋅ A μ⋅ A

In Excel:

The data is M= 5.00 kg To find the viscosity for which the speed is 1 m/s after 1 s
m= 1.00 kg use Goal Seek with the velocity targeted to be 1 m/s by varying
g= 9.81 m/s2 the viscosity in the set of cell below:
0= 1.30 N.s/m2
A= 25 cm 2 t (s) V (m/s)
h= 0.5 mm 1.00 1.000

Speed V of Block vs Time t

1.6
t (s) V (m/s)
0.00 0.000 1.4
0.10 0.155
0.20 0.294 1.2
0.30 0.419
1.0
0.40 0.531
0.50 0.632 V (m/s) 0.8
0.60 0.722
0.70 0.803 0.6
0.80 0.876 0.4
0.90 0.941
1.00 1.00 0.2
1.10 1.05
0.0
1.20 1.10
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0
1.30 1.14
t (s)
1.40 1.18
1.50 1.21
1.60 1.25
1.70 1.27
1.80 1.30
1.90 1.32
2.00 1.34
2.10 1.36
2.20 1.37
2.30 1.39
2.40 1.40
2.50 1.41
2.60 1.42
2.70 1.43
2.80 1.44
2.90 1.45
3.00 1.46